A workshop presentation made at the Kenya poultry and pig veterinary association (KEPPoVA), held at the Sarit Centre Expo on 12th June 2019.

1. One Welfare: Experiences from the ZooLinK Project
Dr Kelvin Momanyi, BVM, MSc
Aviana 2019 CPD, 12th July 2019
Sarit Expo Centre, Nairobi-Kenya

2. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

3. Objectives
1
• Introduce the concept of One Welfare
2
• Provide an overview of what’s ZooLinK
3
• Share experiences of animal welfare from ZooLinK
4
• Interventions by ZooLinK
5
• Discussion points

4. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

5. What is One Welfare?
Source: https://www.onewelfareworld.org/book.html

6. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

7. Animal Welfare and Food Safety
Hemsworth P.H., Coleman, G.J. (2011). Human-livestock Interactions: The Stockperson and the Productivity
and Welfare of Intensively Farmed Animals. CABI. pp. 194
Negative
handling
• Slaps, hits,
pushes,
tail-twists
Chronic fear • Cortisol
Classic stress
response
•Reduced: Growth,
Reproduction,
Immune competence
•Avoidance of handler
Improvements in AW potentially
reduces food safety risks:
• Reduced stress-induced
immunosuppression
• Reduced incidence of infectious
disease
• Reduced shedding of pathogens
that can infect humans
• Reduced antibiotic use &
antibiotic resistance (de Passillé
and Rushen, 2005).

8. Animal harnessing & work efficiency
Well-designed harnesses
N.S Ramaswamy 1994. Draught animals and welfare. Rev. Sci. tech. OIE 13. 195-216
Adequate nutrition
More efficient carts
+
=

9. Social implications of improved AW
• Responsibility
• Patience
• Tolerance
• Empathy
• Satisfaction
Photo: New Leash on life, USA. https://newleashonlife-usa.org/
Improvements in animal welfare can support interventions tackling social issues (such
as homelessness, hoarding, dog fighting and separation anxiety).

10. YMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

11. Connections Between Animal &
Human Abuse & Neglect
Ascione, F. (2007). Battered pets and domestic violence: animal abuse reported by women experiencing
intimate violence and by nonabused women. Violence Against Women, 13: 354-372.
“Women residing at domestic
violence shelters were nearly
11 times more likely to report
that their partner had hurt or
killed pets than a comparison
group of women who said
they had not experienced
intimate violence.”
‘If somebody is harming an animal, there is a good chance they also are
hurting a human’ (National Sheriffs’ Association, 2018).

12. Highlighting deep rooted problems
Embedded in a
complex network
of other problems
in agriculture e.g.
financial
difficulties, divorce,
& psychiatric
problems
Andrade and Anneberg (2014). Farmers Under Pressure. Analysis of the Social Conditions of Cases of Animal
Neglect J. Agr. Environ. Ethic, 27:103-126

13. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

14. Animal welfare a predictor of CC
“…same human
activities driving
current extinction
crisis are also causing
suffering, fear, physical
injury, psychological
trauma, and disease in
wild animals”
CD Thomas et al., (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148
Negative impacts on the environment: gas emissions, deforestation or soil erosion
resulting from intensive feed crop cultivation. Sustainable farming systems that
minimize climate and environmental impacts for the benefit of all

15. Summary: What’s One Welfare ?
Improve animal welfare to improve human
welfare (and vice versa)
Co-ordinate actions between veterinary and
other services
Protect the environment as a fundamental step
for both human and animal welfare

16. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

17. What is ZooLinK?
To develop an integrated surveillance system for 15 zoonotic diseases in
western Kenya

18. Where we worked?
Livestock markets Slaughter facilities Hospitals & health
centres

19. What did we do?
Asking permission from owner Checking the eyes and other parts
Collecting a faecal sample Collecting a blood sample
Collecting a nasal swabTaking the temperature
Our clinician at work in hospital
Issuing of personal protective
equipment Our lab team working in our ILRI/DVS
Zoonosis laboratory in Busia County
Training of interns
Our clinician giving feedback
Our clinicians collecting blood
944 humans, 2178 cows, 416 sheep, 596 goats and 296 pigs

20. What we found? Zoonotic diseases
• Total animals 9/12 sites : 2595
• Ticks = 902; Lice = 61
24% 7.2% 6.8% 5.5% 3.0% 2.4% 0.4%

21. What we found? Zoonotic diseases
Humans sampled 9/12 sites = 837
8.9% 3.4% 1.0%

22. Hospital Name
Number
screened
Positive with BAT
(Hospital)
Positive with
RBT (ZooLinK)
Sioport SCH 69 9 2
Lugulu MH 13 1 0
Kakamega RH 17 3 0
Matungu SCH 4 0 0
Busia RH 14 3 0
Mukumu MH 13 0 0
Bumula SCH 7 0 0
Butula MH 4 0 0
Bungoma RH 120 2 1
Total 260 18 (6.9%) 3 (1.1%)
Summary performance comparison between Brucellin test and RBT
What we found? Rose Bengal plate test

23. What we found? RBT (quiz)

24. What we found? Zoonoses (quiz)
Slaughterhouse worker
case study

25. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

26. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

27. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

28. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

29. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

30. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

31. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

32. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

33. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

34. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

35. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets
Husbandry practices – overgrown hooves

36. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

37. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

38. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

39. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

40. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

41. Animal welfare observations: livestock markets

42. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

43. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

44. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

45. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

46. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

47. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

48. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

49. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

50. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

51. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

52. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

53. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

54. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities
• Mean time to death 205
secs - sometimes >360 secs
• With pithing- reduced to 80
secs
• Possible inhalation of blood

55. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

56. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities
• This can be immediate
(small ruminants) or
following cutting of neck
(cows)
• Mean time to death is
shorter (30-50 secs)

57. Animal welfare observations: slaughter facilities

58. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

59. Other observations: related to One Welfare

60. Other observations: related to One Welfare

61. Other observations: related to One Welfare

62. Other observations: related to One Welfare

63. Other observations: related to One Welfare

64. Conclusions: 1/5

65. Conclusions 2/5

66. Conclusions 3/5

67. Conclusions 4/5

68. Conclusions 5/5

69. DYMISTIFYINGONEWELFAREINPRACTICE

70. ZooLinK intervention: Feedback sessions
Slaughterhouses
Markets
Hospitals

71. ZooLinK intervention: Info-stories
Ease of understanding and relatable

72. When working with animals
observe cleanliness and wear
proper garments e.g. gumboots
Wash fruits and vegetables
with clean water
Cook food properly
and serve while hot
Boil milk and treat/boil
drinking water
Always consult your vet and medical
doctor before taking any drugs
Always vaccinate children,
yourself and your
livestock (including your
dog and cat)
Always sleep under a
mosquito net and drain
any stagnant water
Always keep the environment
clean, dispose waste properly
and avoid contact with bats
and rats
ZooLinK intervention: edu. prevention

74. ZooLinK intervention: edu. slaughter tech

75. ZooLinK intervention: provision of PPE

76. ZooLinK intervention: extension & ctrl

77. ZooLinK intervention: Continual edu.
• Free service: Smartphone& USSD (*285#)
To subscribe dial *285# and then
send the word ZOOLINK to 20285
THIS IS A FREE SERVICE
201 subscribers

78. Feedback from participants
One of the clinician gave
a vote of thanks noting
the realisation and
importance of a holistic
approach to patient
care. Initially, they gave
little emphasis on the
importance of animals to
human health

79. Discussion points
• Can we facilitate stunning
equipment in slaughter
facilities?
• How to continually train
slaughterhouse workers,
traders, trekkers (children!)?
• Are there innovative transport
alternatives?
• How to address policy and
political drivers?

80. We also thank all donors who supported ILRI’s research through their contributions to
the CGIAR Fund
Thank you and Acknowledgements
Partners, collaborators, participants, staff and ZooLinK team

81. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to
the CGIAR system