Interview is an integral part of any research. How to interview the interviewee by the interviewer is important one. For conducting any interview we have to follow some basic principles and techniques.
2. 2
Helps in finding answers of social problems
Helps in ascertaining knowledge ,attitude
,behaviour & practice of population in relation to
health & related events .
Provides basic framework for planning &
programming public health services
7. 7
Direct or Structured(closed –ended)
Non –directive or unstructured
(open ended )
Focused Interview
8. Social scientist uses interview
technique in investigation.
Important contributions of social
science to modern medicine.
9. 9
Diagnostic interview
Therapeutic Interview
- to educate patients
- build up confidence
Modify their behaviour to adapt to the life
situation successfully.
14. 14
Never ask long demanding questions.
Attitude and what emotions you
display on your face also help the client
to become positive towards you.
This is of great value to the success of
the interview itself.
15. 15
Make the head or other family comfortable by being
friendly, relaxed and confident.
Ask relevant question in an easy to understand
language (Vernacular language)
Be a good listener in order to understand the
psychology of the interviewee and interpret their
answers correctly.
18. 18
Requisite before conducting an interview :-
To establish contact with interviewee
Prior appointment regarding time & place of
interview is always desirable.
It gives interviewee a sense of satisfaction
Feeling of importance that time has been valued.
19. 19
• Interview should be comfortable & easy for both
interviewee and interviewer
• Appropriate start and create an appropriate
climate .
• Introduce to the respondent
• Explain the purpose & relevance of the interview .
20. 20
• Establish Rapport
• Breaks communication barriers
• Start with general discussion of problem
• Create an atmosphere in which interviewee
freely tells his story in his own way.
21. •Interviewee do most of the talking
•Interviewer listen attentively, guide and direct
•All controversial matters must be carefully avoided.
23. 23
Ask question exactly as written
Listen/determine relevant information
Record answers in correct place
Probe to increase accuracy/ clarity &
completeness
Avoid unnecessary reinforcement: “oh,
that’s very good!”
Never suggest an answer (otherwise called
prompting)
Great Care should be taken to see that the respondent does
not go out of track
24. 24
Non- judgmental
Avoid leading questions
Ask open-ended questions.
Language must be adapted
vernacular/Understandable
Level of family.
26. 26
• Should be obtained from respondent by encouraging
that what he is telling is correct
• Interviewer must be alert in detecting incomplete and
non specific answers furnished by the respondent
27. 27
Provide inform action
Put forward solution or give
feedback correctly.
Use non –verbal behavior
appropriately
To communicate empathy and
understanding
28. 28
Interviewer must maintain an attitude of professional
detachment
Should neither give an impression of approving
remarks nor opposing it.
Should maintain an appropriate distance & an attitude
of neutrality
29. 29
Doesn't give irrelevant answer
Suppose respondent gives
- vague
-Diffused
- Incomplete answers
Put proper questions
Avoid putting leading questions
30. 30
Recording should be reduced to minimum during
course of an interview
- Flow of conversation will slow down .
-Interviewee will be conscious that statements
being recorded .
The researchers should note down only important
points.
31. 31
Should not be ended suddenly
Should bring the interview to a natural close
Followed by usual forms of greetings.
Interviewee should not feel that he has shared
many of secrets to a stranger
33. 33
Receive constructive feedback
See yourself
-Body language
-Expression
-Nervous habits
Listen to yourself
- Speech patterns
-Effective communication of
message
34. 34
•Be very familiar with the survey questions
•
• Read the questions exactly as written
•Probe when multiple answers are
possible or initial responses are unclear
• Record responses completely and properly
35. 35
Face to face contact between interviewer and
interviewee
Observe facial impression and body language of the
respondent
Acts as a catalyst to get more information
In unstructured interview, unpleasant situation can be
avoided.
Can apply even to illiterate
36. 36
Not economically efficient
Requires training ,Skills ,understanding and maturity
of the investigator
May feel uncomfortable & with hold sensitive
information.
Modify questionnaire to secure confirmation of his
own views
Biased & loses its scientific value
37. 38
Greeting and introduction
Ice breaker/small talk
Maintain good eye contact.
Listen attentively.
Facilitate verbally and non-verbally.
38. • Use language which interviewee can understand
•Let interviewee tell their own story in their own way
•Use open questions initially and specific (closed)
questions later
• Keep your notes-taking to a minimum when talking
39. •Clarify the meaning of any lay terms which
interviewee use
•Remember that the history includes events up to the
day
•of interview
• Summarize (reflect back) the story for the
interviewee to check
• Utilize all available sources of information
• Summary statement
• Closing and Thank you & follow-up