Man Ray was a modernist artist active from 1890-1976 who was influenced by surrealism. Surrealism sought to access the unconscious mind through art and literature. Man Ray created rayographs, which were early photographic techniques that did not require a camera, and was known for his celebrity portraits of figures like Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, Henri Matisse, James Joyce, Marcel Duchamp, and Alexander Calder.