1. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫א‬ !‫و‬ #!‫و‬....
% & ‫א‬ ' ( ) ‫א‬ *+,‫و‬ - .....& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ / -0 1 23
4 ‫وא‬ ( # ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ 63 7 8 * 93 2& :‫و‬
( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
> !‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ BGA BC ‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬ 5 ‫ذج‬ K 74‫و‬
> L % ‫ذج‬ M3.....
‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23.QM R MS< =‫א‬ OTU = P ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ * <C O% TAD‫א‬ BC‫و‬ &4‫א‬
‫א‬ V . ‫א‬ WS0 XY....A 0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬
.......‫ن‬ &< ‫א‬ Q Z‫وא‬....
‫א‬ ‫א‬ O ‫9ل‬ 9A
X ‫وزو‬..‫د‬ -C! ‫א‬P A‫و‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬:@ ‫وא‬ ^ < ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦‫دאن‬ ‫وא‬ G% % ' ( _
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬% & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬> !‫و‬)‫ع‬ b(& d
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬..
A < 3 0 M%!..١٥−٨−٢٠١٦
١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
s ‫!ن‬ M C Z t‫א‬...‫א‬ !‫و‬ #!‫و‬
‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬% & ‫א‬ ' ( ) ‫א‬ *+,‫و‬ - .
@ u @' .3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬...4 ‫وא‬ ( # ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ 63 7 8 * 93 2& :‫و‬
( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
(! v‫و‬> !‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ BGA BC ‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬ 5 ‫ذج‬ K 74‫و‬
Q<' 2( * 3 BC B F0..wA‫د‬ ! _...> L % ‫ذج‬ M3
‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23
< ‫א‬ X'x CP ‫א‬ yP B F0 ‫!ن‬‫و‬ ‫א‬ * <C O% TAD‫א‬ BC‫و‬ &4‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ CP ‫وא‬ V<T ‫א‬....‫א‬ V . ‫א‬ WS0 XY
‫ن‬ . F ‫א‬ O%‫و‬ W A G@0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬ y Y‫و‬ Z‫א‬ O A.......
z 2( & ‫א‬ % {GY‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬. ..‫א‬ ‫א‬ O ‫9ل‬ 9A
.‫وא‬ E‫و‬...0 ‫ووא‬)Z‫א‬ 2| Y(X ‫وزو‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬
‫س‬ 2A‫و‬ R‫א‬ n‫و‬٣٠‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬٣٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬٤٠‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦
::::@ 0 - ‫א‬٤٢‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬:M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !٤١‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬A < 3 0 M%!
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−s ‫!ن‬ M C Z t‫א‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬
@ u @' .3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬
....( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
E F ‫א‬ R M_!...(! v‫و‬
Q<' 2( * 3 BC B F0
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬....‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23
‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬< ‫א‬ X'x CP ‫א‬ yP B F0 ‫!ن‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ CP ‫وא‬ V<T ‫א‬
‫ن‬ . F ‫א‬ O%‫و‬ W A G@0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬ y Y‫و‬ Z‫א‬ O A
−z 2( & ‫א‬ % {GY
‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬........
‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
١‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫س‬ 2A‫و‬ R‫א‬ n‫و‬
٢‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬::::@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٠> !..‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
١١‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬::::
١٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٠‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬

2. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
( G...
20+TF%‫و‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 W&' P ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬-0€ ‫א‬‫م‬ @< ‫א‬ ‚
2 ! ‚ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ t & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫د‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬:
> - ‫א‬ ‚ . ‫א‬‫د‬ < =‫وא‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ % O% ƒ G@ ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ O% 23.
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬:
‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ ‚M&0 > - ‫א‬P ‫א‬Oz T ‫א‬ Q3 ‫„ل‬M'
@%ً2AOz T 3 / † %t‫א‬
‫‡ن‬ @ ‫א‬ˆ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫א‬PS ‫א‬> -
0 3 G‰ T% @ ‡ -0 ‫!ن‬()Š( ''‡٨٧(
: > - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d
' T ‫א‬ ‫و‬(
: n (‫ﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫)ﺍﺑﻦ‬ M > - ‫א‬ • .G% F'‫و‬
‫א‬ S ‫א‬–( T ‫א‬–z Yp‫א‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬‫ﺍﳊﻲ‬‰Ž ‫ذ‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
• M ‫א‬‫א‬5+ D‫وא‬
‫ن‬ (p 3
٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬( G
:Ž ‫ذ‬20+TF%‫و‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 W&' P ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬
& ‫وא‬P ‫א‬2 ! ‚ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ t & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬
V .%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬% M< ‫א‬> - ‫א‬ ‚ . ‫א‬
& -. ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫وא‬ƒ D‫א‬(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ O% 23
‫ل‬ D‫א‬%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP..
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬
"‫ﺑﻮﺃ‬‫ﺗﺒﻮﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬"
* & ‫א‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺑﺎء‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
7‫ﻭﺗﺒﻮﺃ‬!‫(„ل‬
< 3 Ž P‘‫א‬
−ً‫א‬‫ذ‬n‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ ‚M&0 > - ‫א‬
t‫א‬P’<'‫و‬y%@
−5‫و‬u!‫‡ن‬ @ ‫א‬
Q 5“ &0‫و‬)0 3 G‰ T% @ ‡ -0 ‫!ن‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬::::‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬
‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d
((‫و‬' ”& ‫א‬‫!و‬‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫و‬< =‫א‬!' T ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
PM%‫ق‬٣•(
&' m Y)‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬‫م‬ 5!
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬..
M > - ‫א‬ • .G% F'‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬)‫א‬ S ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬• M ‫א‬
T ‫وא‬/ Œ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p 3
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
-‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬:
MT< ‫א‬& ‫وא‬
−‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬
﴿−63 ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ % 5nV .%
﴿−& -. ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4
﴿−‫€א‬Y‫א‬‫ق‬ @Y ‫م‬‫ل‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬:‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
> 3 C2 #!=‫א‬5 @<u
|M% O3‫א‬ ‫ل‬ 5‫و‬"* & ‫א‬ ‫ن‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺊ‬‫א‬R 3 R -'!7
‫م‬ 5!‫و‬..‫ﻭﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻚ‬:< 3 Ž P‘‫א‬
‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
))& -. ‫א‬‫!و‬‫א‬((
−‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬)PM%
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬.−&' m Y
‫ﺭﺑﻪ‬(* <C VY #‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫وא‬ C‫ذ‬ O%‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

3. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
Q3 . Œ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬
> - ‫א‬ yP &0 ‚ ‫د‬ @ ‫א‬..((
‫ﺍﶈﻴﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬2M •4 O•%‫و‬
.((
;4 0 OTU BY‫א‬ % &3‫+ل‬ O% 2< ‫א‬:
% FY % & -, > 3 / ‫و‬ Q ( 2 A@@
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ـﺎﻧﻴﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻈ‬
ˆ– ‫زא‬ %...‫!و‬ˆ ‫א‬ :.....
v •& y • 0 '•& -. ‫א‬ً‫א‬ M<• %
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬.
‫אل‬ •, v •& ‫א‬ • A‫و‬ ‫م‬ • ‚•
•••|(‫ن‬ ••• (p‫א‬“n••• & -. ‫א‬ •••> - ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﻫـﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻥ‬
& -, ‫א‬ —‫و‬ Y Mz C O%
‫ﳒـﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻥ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻈـﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬‫ـﻖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺣﻘ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣ‬
• @˜‫و‬ Q•<% •20 Mz C ’• 0‫و‬ • & -. ‫א‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫+ل‬S<• ‫א‬ ™ ‫د‬ FM ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬:
•š •(‫א‬ Y ‫אو‬ w•( C •0 -( •20 Mz C 6•3 A = ˜
• Y‫و‬ B3‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬‫א‬P• ‚• Q• (
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴـﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑـﻮ‬‫ﺕ‬
• !‫و‬ • t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ & -, O% % › S0
& -, &0 =‫و‬ 23 (! / <‘ m‫!و‬& -, Q-u ‚<Y
‫ون‬ •T ‫وא‬• + ‫وא‬“n‫ﺧﻄـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ƒ F- ‫א‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻳـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ Gƒ D‫א‬.
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‚ ˜ƒ D‫א‬‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬‫ل‬ • D‫א‬
٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬:
Oz T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬P ‫א‬Ž <U_9< ‫א‬ ‚ @ ‫א‬
-&0 Y ‚ y Y"‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬"))> - ‫א‬ yP &0 ‚ ‫د‬ @ ‫א‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﶈﻴﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ > 3X ‫א‬œ & ‫א‬ QC F0> - ‫א‬ yP.
5+& ‫א‬ yP %‫א‬63‫ن‬ (p‫א‬;4 0 OTU BY‫א‬ % &3
X ‫א‬‫و‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬% FY % & -, > 3 / ‫و‬ Q ( 2 A
‫ﻓﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
•@A‫ﺃ‬‫ـﻮﺩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﳍﻨ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ـﺎﻧﻴﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬‫و‬P‘‫وא‬%nˆ‡† #...‫!و‬ˆ– ‫زא‬ %
•• Y ‫א‬ yP••
‫ﺍﳊﻀــﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ـــﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻇﻬ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬
*•• @A‫ﺃﺭﺳـﻄﻮ‬0•@v •& y • 0 '
n‫!ن‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
*‫و‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬‫ﻫـﻴﻤﻦ‬‫אل‬ •, v •& ‫א‬ • A‫و‬ ‫م‬ • ‚•
••• -<' •••G& ‫א‬ yP••••••|(
‚ . Œ‫א‬2(!‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬& -, ‫א‬ —‫و‬ Y Mz C O%
Q•(‫א‬ ‫وא‬ •' R • & ‫وא‬ • + ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬‫ﳒـﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻨﻬﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬
• @˜‫و‬ Q•<% •20 Mz C ’• 0‫و‬ • & -. ‫א‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫+ل‬S<• ‫א‬ ™ ‫د‬ FM ‫א‬
Q< A.
*‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺓ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
•••• Y ‫א‬ yP••••
‫א‬ ••••••••' ‫א‬ •••••••.0
‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
••••••• & ‫א‬
“n
*‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺃﺛﺎﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬
١−b‫א‬ Yn•š •(‫א‬ Y ‫אو‬ w•( C •0 -( •20 Mz C 6•3 A = ˜
•-#!‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪﺩ‬• Y‫و‬ B3
VC T ‫א‬.
٢−‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴـﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
OTU ، ‚<u ‫ل‬ 93‫!ن‬• !‫و‬ • t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ & -, O% % › S0
ž ˆ Tu!‫و‬& -, &0 =‫و‬ 23 (! / <‘ m
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬m• Y‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺒـﻪ‬‫ون‬ •T ‫وא‬
V(‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ‚ -0€ ‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺬﺭﻭﻥ‬‫ﻫـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺬﻩ‬..‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻳـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
‫א‬ ˜‫و‬“n:
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬X ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‚ ˜
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻧﻴ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
−‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Oz T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
‫و‬‫و‬-&0 Y ‚ y Y
‫ﻓﺜﻤﺔ‬‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ > 3
−5+& ‫א‬ yP %
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬
X ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
*•@A
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬
*‫ـﺪﺃﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬•• Y ‫א‬ yP••
7••% E ••4 3‫ﺍﳊﻀــﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ـــﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻇﻬ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬
*! •••3‫ﻣـــﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠــﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﻬــﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊـــــــــﺪﻳﺚ‬
Q••••••••••••• M‰
)' t‫א‬.
*Q•(‫א‬ ‫وא‬ •' R • & ‫وא‬ • + ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬
‫ﲟﻨﻬﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬
• @˜‫و‬ Q•<% •20 Mz C ’• 0‫و‬ • & -. ‫א‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫+ل‬S<• ‫א‬ ™ ‫د‬ FM ‫א‬
Q< A
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬*
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬
*¡• 3‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
•••• Y ‫א‬ yP••••
‫א‬ ••••••••' ‫א‬ •••••••.0
Q A ‫ع‬ .< ‫א‬‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
Q•••••••% @<3••••••• & ‫א‬
•2- ‫א‬‫!ن‬B••G'“n
& -. ‫א‬ 25 Y %.
‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬
*‚ ‫و‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
*‫א‬ z •-A‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺬﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫א‬ ˜‫و‬
١−‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
٢−‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻅ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬

4. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
•5+ O• •u T ‫א‬ • ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ B•Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP• O•‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬•> - 3
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﰲ‬
‚• — • t‫وא‬ • & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ ‫•€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ •4‫و‬
‫א‬ •”t‫א‬ ^• <¢( • (p‫א‬P•M%‫و‬
& -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ 93−2 — t‫وא‬−• 25 ‫م‬ • ‫و‬
• t‫א‬ •Mz T ‫א‬ B•T • t‫א‬ •Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬−‚• ‫و‬‫!ن‬B•|0
• t‫א‬ ‫א‬ <• ‫א‬ ‚• •F- •( ‫و‬
5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬((((
w( C @O' T ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬6 M •G ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬(
‫•£ل‬ ‫وא‬ ! •- ‫א‬ &'P• ‫א‬Q•M% ‚09•0
‫ن‬ ( ••@ ‫א‬ •• ‫و‬••& -. ‫א‬‫!و‬‫ن‬ •• T ‫א‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬:
‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ G-<v & ‫א‬...
‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž& -. ‫א‬Q5 0‫وא‬..
63 /3‫€א‬ 3 ‫א‬ 5R uD‫א‬..
& -. ‫א‬2< A‫و‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‬:
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬•Mz T ‫א‬ O•%
ƒ •• •• ‫א‬••G(!••0 -M ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ••@Y
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬& -. ‫א‬ Mz C
‫ــﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـــﺰ‬‫ن‬ ••• (p‫א‬
ƒ • D‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
& -,‫و‬‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
Q(‫א‬ ž‚5 D‫א‬ƒ 5D‫وא‬.¤‫א‬.
‫ﺴ‬‫ﻲ‬(“nŽ ‫ذ‬Q3 <C)‫ﺍﻟﻄـﺎﻭ‬(
-, ¢‫ن‬ (p‫א‬:))))))))‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬
‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬ٔٔٔٔ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬............‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬
#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬((((((((
‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﲢﺬﻳﺮ‬1 A Q@ .'‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴـﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬Q ” ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 5‫وو‬
٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
3 ‫א‬ m' t‫א‬ ‚M&'•5+ O• •u T ‫א‬ • ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ B•Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP• O•
• % ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬)‫ن‬ •G ‫وא‬ ‫•€אم‬Y=‫א‬ • Y %(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧـﻪ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Q-<M' v“n• !‚• — • t‫وא‬ • & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ ‫•€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ •4‫و‬
# & ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ A 2— 7%..
‫ﻫﻲ‬‫!ن‬O' •T ‫وא‬ F- ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬‫א‬ •”t‫א‬ ^• <¢
6 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ( C U @ ‫א‬ 5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬−& -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ 93
‚ 2M% # Y:−• t‫א‬ •Mz T ‫א‬ B•T • t‫א‬ •Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
•2<( T‰' • ‫א‬ ' •F- ‫א‬ • ; •&A (−• t‫א‬ ‫א‬ <• ‫א‬ ‚• •F- •( ‫و‬
7 (‫אز‬ < ‫وא‬ z‫د‬ ˆ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬:
‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ PM% 2— > - 3 ‫م‬ < =‫א‬T ‫א‬‫א‬5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
6G ‫وא‬ G%:
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
> - 2-Y O ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ R % 5
• ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‚ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ Y
2- ‫א‬ 20‫א‬ ”Y R M3 % ’ 0‫و‬...
• ‫א‬ —‫و‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP• ‫א‬
‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬:
−w( C @
R % @ ‫א‬B)›)‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬
−P ‫א‬‫•£ل‬ ‫وא‬ ! •- ‫א‬ &'
B••CR ••uD‫א‬‫ن‬ ( ••@ ‫א‬ •• ‫و‬
0‫א‬P ‫א‬R uL
Q•••<A •••G% * •••<C( ••• (p‫א‬
•‫ﻳـﺪﺭﻛﻮﻥ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﳊﻔـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻹﻟـﻪ‬
‚ - . ‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫د‬ ¥ Š ‫و‬‫ض‬ D‫א‬.
=١=‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
١−n‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ G-<
٢−‫و‬M%‡‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž
٣−63 /3‫€א‬ 3 ‫א‬ 5
٤−5‫ود‬ Y OM
‫ﺇﻋــﻼﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟــﱪﺍءﺓ‬‫ﺃﻣــﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻟــﻪ‬
A •< ‫א‬ 2 2<• '‚‫•+م‬ ‫א‬ Q• @3
••|& ‫א‬‫ـﻮﻓﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻳﺆﻛ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬••25 @t‫و‬
،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬))))‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬((((‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ
=٢=‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
=••2|Aƒ •• •• ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬
=‫ــﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺇﻟﻐ‬‫ــﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـــﺰ‬
Mz T ‫وא‬ƒ • D‫א‬
¨ M0& -,
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺪﻳﻢ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬)C،R •‫ض‬ D‫وא‬
‫ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧـﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧـﺔ‬
‫ل‬ˆ–‫א‬ #‫و‬
=٣=u!)‫ﻻ‬‫ﺅﺗ‬‫ﺴ‬
5 M Y‫ل‬-, ¢
‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬................#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻬــﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘــﺪﻳﻢ‬
Q•••• 0‫و‬ ‫د‬ ••••-& ‫א‬ ••••
20‫א‬ # ‫+ل‬ u (D‫وא‬ B 0‫€א‬ ‫א‬
=٤=‫א‬P‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴـﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−=3 ‫א‬ m' t‫א‬ ‚M&'
# ‫و‬• % ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬‫!و‬‫!ن‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
2 A ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬=n# & ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ A 2— 7%
−‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬
6 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ( C U @ ‫א‬ 5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
‫!و‬‫ذ‬ M< ‫א‬...‚ 2M% # Y
• & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP••2<( T‰
7 (‫אز‬ < ‫وא‬ z‫د‬ ˆ‫א‬
‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻟﺜ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬‫ﻴﺌﻲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬
‫ن‬n‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ PM% 2— > - 3 ‫م‬ < =‫א‬
‫א‬# © U @
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
−^FC> - 2-Y O ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ R % 5
−‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻘﺪﺭ‬• ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‚ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ Y
2- ‫א‬ 20‫א‬ ”Y R M3 % ’ 0‫و‬
−‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬5•• ‫א‬ —‫و‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP• ‫א‬
‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬
=١=‫م‬ •••5!Q•••<A •••G% * •••<C
)‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬(MA•
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪ‬
‚ - . ‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫د‬ ¥ Š ‫و‬
=٢=)‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳــﺬﺓ‬‫ﺇﻋــﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬(X ‫א‬A •< ‫א‬ 2 2<• '
••' Ž••••2'!Q•• p‫א‬••|& ‫א‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ل‬ @ A:.))))،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬
‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬))))‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ((((‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ((.((.((.((.
=٣=‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬
Aw( T‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫و‬(..‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻞ‬‫ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧـﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺇﳛﺎءﺍﺕ‬Tu93‫ل‬
=٤=‫ﺗﻘــﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼــﺮﻱ‬‫ﻧﻬــﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘــﺪﻳﻢ‬
‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴ‬Q•••• 0‫و‬ ‫د‬ ••••-& ‫א‬ ••••
20‫א‬ # ‫+ل‬ u (D‫وא‬ B 0‫€א‬ ‫א‬

5. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
ً
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % Q0 % 2 n ! O%‫و‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬)‫אن‬ '‫ود‬ ™& ‫א‬
™ ‫وא‬ ! <- ‫א‬(..‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻨﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫א‬ 5D‫وא‬ Š3+ ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ ‫و‬
b ˜‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬Ž P B)% * 4‫و‬ ،‫دאن‬ ‫א‬
5p‫א‬ _90 %‫و‬t‫א‬)G%‫و‬(
20 G’u O' T0‫ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬E 3
‫ط‬ -(=‫وא‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬‫ون‬ ' =‫و‬‫א‬ 5!
‫-+د‬ ‫א‬‫د‬ - ‫א‬m Y‫ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬
‫אط‬ Ap‫وא‬ ‫„ن‬t‚<Y V5‫א‬ & ‫א‬ |(
‫ون‬ '5O% 6<M* -t‫א‬
20‫א‬ % A
m' ; Q<% @% O% -C V( ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ {G
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ‬2<5+ ‫و‬‫ن‬ (p 3' , O:
‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬. • ‫א‬ • ‫و‬ ‫و‬ •& -. ‫א‬
•2M% ‫د‬ <• =‫وא‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫אج‬ ’<• ‫وא‬ •> - ‫א‬ • ‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬ .
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬.
٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬:
‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﲣﺼﺼﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:
1 A y -< 3 % 2 p‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫9و‬A
Ž ‫وذ‬ > - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ %
‫ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
% 2 p‫א‬ yP O%‫و‬:
−‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
ً
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % Q0 % 2 n ! O%‫و‬
> - ‫א‬:
١−‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬Q< «‫و‬ ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬
V<T ‫א‬ C † š Q0‫א‬ @A B% T0‫و‬ ، Q<5‫ود‬
> - ‫א‬ A ‫ول‬ M<0 X ‫א‬ # & ‫א‬..
٢−‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬
™ ‫وא‬ ! <- ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺻﻨﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫א‬ 5D‫وא‬ Š3+ ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
B% u BTF3‫و‬ .¨ m Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ _90‫و‬
> - ‫א‬ %+ %‫و‬ ‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ {z G• M ‫وא‬
<’ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ GA‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺑﻂ‬
G% F<M0 X ‫א‬..
٣−b ˜
‫ﻭﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬
5p‫א‬ _90 %‫و‬
20 G’u O' T0
‫ط‬ -(=‫وא‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬
ŠT&3‫-+د‬ ‫א‬
3‫אط‬ Ap‫وא‬ ‫„ن‬t
2(!‫ون‬ '
20‫א‬ % A
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬O%
‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬ _! ‫ن‬ 3 B !‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬..
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
٤−m' ; Q<% @% O% -C V( ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ {G
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ‬
2M 3 ‫دل‬ -< ‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ #..
B 0 O : M ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ +TF‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ %&3 2— 5 OT0 v...
=‫و‬•2M% ‫د‬ <• =‫وא‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫אج‬ ’<• ‫وא‬ •> - ‫א‬ • ‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬ .
Q0 ”Y‫و‬ Q< M#‫و‬ Q0 t ‫و‬ 4 ‰..
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
−‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬‫ﲣﺼﺼﻪ‬
1 A y -< 3 % 2 p‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫9و‬A
G% V -,‫و‬Ž ‫وذ‬ > - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ %
3 <C)‫ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺭﺽ‬(% 2 p‫א‬ yP O%‫و‬
١−‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬3 <C‫ﺍﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
V<T ‫א‬ C † š Q0‫א‬ @A B% T0‫و‬ ، Q<5‫ود‬
> - ‫א‬ A ‫ول‬ M<0 X ‫א‬ # & ‫א‬
٢−‫א‬ ‫د‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
B% u BTF3‫و‬ .¨ m Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ _90‫و‬
> - ‫א‬ %+ %‫و‬ ‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ {z G
<’ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ GA
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺑﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬G% F<M0 X ‫א‬
٣−‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬ _! ‫ن‬ 3 B !
‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬
٤−‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻫﻢ‬..
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
−‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
2M 3 ‫دل‬ -< ‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ #
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬:‫א‬ ‫!ن‬B 0 O : M ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ +TF
2‫ذ‬ M< ‫وא‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ %
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬=‫و‬
Q0 ”Y‫و‬ Q< M#‫و‬ Q0 t ‫و‬ 4 ‰
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
#-‫ﺍﻫﺘﻢ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬

6. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻡ‬
‫وא‬ 3 - . ‫وא‬
(
#١#‫ﺷﺎﺭﻙ‬‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬‫د‬
M“n‚ — t‫א‬
‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y.
#٢#%ً‫א‬ M<% ‚
7 ‫א‬ 23 O%‹':
)‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺇﻳﺬﺍء‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﻷﺟﻞ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳊﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻙ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺬﺍء‬‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﲑ‬(
O% 5 | ! ‚
P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
20 3 Y
2 M
‫ﺳـﻨﺠﺮ‬
•(‫א‬ t‫א‬ •4 ‫س‬ •›
QA+ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬ * < ‫א‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ود‬ •Y
= ¬n‫ض‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺇﺯﺍء‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
|M'Q(‫א‬ ‚ Q M2 A T;< ‫وא‬
|M'2 n‚2(!O, %‫ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
“n2 A ƒ‫د‬ ” Q(‫א‬ ‚ Q (
yP ‚ -A †‫ض‬ D‫א‬# M A T3
‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬:
‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬..
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬‫؟‬‫؟‬
C! •• &3 m••;-0 ••2(D••)7••5‫א‬ ‫א‬•• & ‫א‬••5+&
v •••••& ‫א‬ 7•••••%•••••& -. ‫א‬B•••••# < ‫وא‬“n
•• A <M<•• ‫א‬••)C!••@O•••• -< 3 ••> - ‫א‬
R YD‫א‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬ ‚Q‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬،20‫ذא‬ ž 5 ً”'! ˆ‫و‬..
- 0 B ! O%t‫א‬' t‫א‬.
ً
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﻥ‬..
٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﱰ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻕ‬‫وא‬ 3 - . ‫وא‬
t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ BC 63‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻌﻲ‬)‫م‬ <M3Q )š !(
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬
% & ‫א‬ & M ‫א‬P ‫א‬{M'O% 5 | ! ‚
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ O% 5...
P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
% › F- ‫א‬ B)% 2 )%‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬F- ‫א‬ ‚‫!ن‬‫א‬ &”'20 3 Y
B% & ‫א‬& M ‫א‬ B3 @%X ‫א‬82 M
* < ‫א‬ O%X ‫א‬‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‚ 2' 8
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬B•-5 O•% •2< % &% O• Y‫و‬‫ﺳـﻨﺠﺮ‬
^M& ‫א‬ # BC @( m YX• ‫א‬•(‫א‬ t‫א‬ •4 ‫س‬ •›
2M% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ض‬ S3 2&% B% &< ‫א‬QA+ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬ * < ‫א‬
Aldo Leopold‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬ ‫ﳎـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ‬
3€ ‫א‬y ‫وא‬‫!و‬ (‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬= ¬n
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬:
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬... (
Q A O,‫א‬ %‫و‬ ƒ‫د‬ ”(،
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬|M'
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬|M'
‫•€אم‬•Y‫א‬R ••” D‫א‬Q•• R+%„•• ‫وא‬
Q0‫ذא‬ ž 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬.
‫!ن‬ Q|M'“n
S-M A‫!ن‬yP ‚ -A †
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬:
V P% Š' (‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬...‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
FBTC..
œ •& •2 A O•% B•C
O• •|M ‫א‬ Ÿ•S3‫א‬ •z‫א‬ ‫א‬• & M
C! •• &3 m••;-0 ••2(D
( ••••• (p‫א‬v •••••& ‫א‬ 7•••••%
•• A <M<•• ‫א‬
‫وع‬ A O% AR YD‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ض‬ D‫א‬ ‚
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻳﺴﻬﻤ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺮﺍء‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬..=n- 0 B ! O%
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬' F- ‫א‬ ¨‫و‬20 A @_‫و‬
ً
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﻥ‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
#١#‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬
t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ BC 63
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬:! -%% & ‫א‬ & M ‫א‬
‫د‬ & ‫א‬™CD‫س‬ M ‫א‬ O% 5
‫ﻭﲟﺎ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
vD‫وא‬% › F- ‫א‬ B)% 2 )%
( &%yP(‫א‬ t‫א‬
mY - ‫א‬& ‫א‬* < ‫א‬ O%
#-‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬‫ﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
Q -0!‫و‬^M& ‫א‬ # BC @( m Y
2< 3 0 @' ,‫،و‬2M% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ض‬ S3 2&% B% &< ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭ‬‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬Aldo Leopold
−‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬ ‫ﳎـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬
7 <¥‫א‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺘﻀﻢ‬3€ ‫א‬
−‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬
)‫ﻣﻦ‬7 <¥ &< %‫ض‬ D‫א‬
)‫ﺇﱃ‬Q A O,‫א‬ %‫و‬ ƒ‫د‬ ”
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺇﻧﻬ‬••”<@0Q••M%‫•€אم‬•Y‫א‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬Q0‫ذא‬ ž 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
)‫ﺃﺭ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎﻳﺲ‬(‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
−‚M-0( !V P% Š' (
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺃ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
& ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬F
S-M'n‫•€אم‬Y‫ق‬ •@Yœ •& •2 A O•% B•C
‫وא=زد‬O• •|M ‫א‬ Ÿ•S3
ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< +
−‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
١−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻭﺗﺮﻋﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬
٢−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮﺍء‬‫ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬
٣−‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﻠﺒﺸﺮ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬
٤−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺗﺮﻋﺮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬

7. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
، ً‫א‬ ^ )C' 74 ‫وא‬'‫<„א‬‫¯א‬R.
‫א‬ '‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ D‫א‬A @)' 'p‫وא‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲦﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬#D‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4‫!و‬ % 5p‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬...
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬My‫+ل‬ O%
-‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻊ‬M(!G ‫א‬ B)K
z ‫א‬2 _‹ % BC
V 3..M 7@' _ O%‫و‬RV‫!ن‬
2&”(R M_! M0 3 Y!B&A
yP’<(4 t‫א‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﺔ‬‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬
V ‫א‬ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬B#9< ‫א‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬...
‫א‬ °z <( O% B&: @' .3 1 G<' =Q &A
t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C( (p‫א‬B-@< ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬B3”'!
‫ﻋﺎﺗﻖ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﲡﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬X ‫א‬‫ن‬ T<!20 t
t‫א‬“n'‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ G ‫א‬ Ž 0 ' 20
..
6-( O% B-@< 3 &<0 ‫ذא‬n 5+ D‫א‬:
@Y+ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ yP 2 <&0
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫و‬:
%‫א‬ T3 œ & ‫א‬ B-@< ‫א‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
٧
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‬‫א‬v &F- ‫א‬ ¨، ً‫א‬ ^ )C
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬D2(- ‫א‬ ‚ _‹0>‫א‬ '‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲦﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬• 4 0 OTU‫+ق‬ !‫‹و‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺏ‬-
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﳊﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬A7 .< ' 2‫!ن‬± '
2 ˜‫و‬ 20 &-0 Q &A _ O%‫و‬...
‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬@ ‫א‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
A Mz T ‫א‬ )C!‫د‬ ‫א‬..
−
‫ﲡﺎﻫ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬
z ‫א‬
V 3
2&”(
yP’<(
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬My
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬
S-M'‫!ن‬<20
‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬
−‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬B3”'!O%V ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬yP y :‫ل‬ D‫א‬
AS-Mz‫دא‬!‫א‬ °z <( O% B&: @' .3 1 G<' =
% 0ً‫א‬Š Dt‫א‬ %‫א‬ C
‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
−‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
@0 +R20 ž...' m ž@‚ 7‫ﻋﺎﺗﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
AVM0 5 ƒ‫0‹د‬ =!M &A!‫و‬t‫א‬
<’ ‫א‬ 20‫وא‬ )3 & -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬..
‫ن‬nM< ‫‹و‬ %6-( O% B-@< 3 &<0 ‫ذא‬n 5+ D‫א‬
-‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬B-@< ‫א‬.
-‫ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬@Y+ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ yP 2 <&0
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻻ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬:
-@ ‫א‬.٢−@%‫ل‬ !%‫א‬ T3 œ & ‫א‬ B-@< ‫א‬
2t G% O 2 A‫د‬# ‫א‬‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬...
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٥-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬‫ﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬
٦−PŽ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬
٧−‫ن‬ T‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
٨−‫ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
−‫!ن‬ O% 7-M0‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﺎ‬‫ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬2 ˜‫و‬ 20 &-0 Q &A _ O%‫و‬
‫א‬P ‫و‬‫ﻳﻔﺮﺽ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬A Mz T ‫א‬ )C!
−+ ! „ ›‫ق‬‫‹و‬ ‫א‬
Q(93‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬m YS-M'
B-@< 3‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
−‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺠﺪﺭ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺗﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
R‫زא‬nB-@< ‫א‬
)−& -. ‫א‬ B-@< %
−‫!و‬B-@< %‫ل‬ D‫א‬
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬(
‫ﻛﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬=‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١−‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬
*=‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬2t G% O 2 A‫د‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬

8. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
-@< ‫א‬AG‫ق‬ @t ‫ق‬ ) %
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬Q3 ‫ع‬ < < =‫א‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺛﻪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬‫ﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬‫!و‬& -. ‫א‬ ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬..
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬t‫א‬..
‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
2%‫ودوא‬ 25 @Y ² 0..
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ق‬ @Y — t‫وא‬‫ﻧﺸﺄ‬‫ﺓ‬
2(93 2 ' &0 OTU‫و‬:
‫ن‬ M,‫א‬ % 2 |M' •3 ‫א‬ 1 2< 0 =‫س‬ !)−5n−‫دو‬(
‫د‬ Bz %‫ق‬ @Y B -5 O%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫!و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬|M% Q 2< C X ‫א‬
‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬P M0 Y
20„2 !< ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ '‫و0„א‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬PM% v & ‫א‬' 2(‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬
...
P M0 ‫ص‬ t‫وא‬
> - ‫א‬
‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ O% ; Bz ‫وو‬ M@0 ‫د‬ < ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
Cp‫א‬ Q &%> - ‫א‬ =+<
°%‫א‬ 33€ ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
(‫אز‬ < ‫א‬ ‫<+ل‬ 3 ‫د‬ 20 X ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
٨
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻧﺎﺱ‬
y G(!‫و‬‫ق‬ @Y — ;‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@< ‫א‬
C‹':
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
/3‫وא‬ ‫وא‬< =‫א‬..
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺛﻪ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬...
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫!ن‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻔﻆ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬t‫א‬VC T3‫ض‬ D‫א‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺫ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬
@;< 23 ;”' = Q(! O% C9< ‫وא‬& M ‫א‬‫!و‬Y‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬¨ |M ‫وא‬% Tt‫א‬‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬& 0 X ‫وא‬n2%‫ودوא‬ 25 @Y ² 0
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬' t> - ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ق‬ @Y — t‫وא‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬...2(93 2 ' &0 OTU‫و‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ن‬ M,‫א‬ % 2 |M' •3 ‫א‬ 1 2< 0 =
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬‫د‬ Bz %
B . ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬
B u‫و‬ ‫ول‬ ‫א‬ „ Q2 ‫א‬ %20„2 !
..
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫א–ن‬‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﲣﺬ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
&' F< ‫א‬z+ ‫א‬' t> - ‫א‬P M0 ‫ص‬ t‫وא‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 7 F0A @) ‫وא‬> - ‫א‬
‫ن‬ >F ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% R„ { G‘> - ‫א‬
‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ O% ; Bz ‫وو‬ M@0 ‫د‬ < ‫א‬
b < ‫א‬ O% ^ ’< ‫א‬> - ‫א‬‫وא‬C
C F ‫א‬‫دא‬ 2d' ´> - ‫א‬
F(A @) ‫א‬> - ‫א‬' , O‫م‬ 2 p‫א‬°%‫א‬ 3
BC Q2 ‫א‬ %. D‫א‬(‫אز‬ < ‫א‬ ‫<+ل‬ 3 ‫د‬ 20 X ‫א‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺩﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬‫ﻳﻮ‬‫ﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃﲦﺮﺕ‬‫ﺩﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬C‹'
١−‫ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬A @) ‫وא‬/3‫وא‬ ‫وא‬
٢−‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
٣−‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
٤−‫ﺍﲣ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬@;< 23 ;”' = Q(! O% C9< ‫وא‬
٥−‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬ 6 ’<%‫ل‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬:-‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
−‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬
> - ‫א‬‫!و‬! ‫א‬B . ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
−5‫و‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭ‬
%D‫א‬;< ‫א‬‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬
7' F ‫א‬( (p‫א‬
5p‫א‬‫و‬ ‫وא‬..
−@ ‫و‬‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫و‬ F 7 < ‫א‬‚<Y
١-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
&' F< ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 7 F0
٢-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
٣-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

9. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
v & ‫א‬' %:
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬
3 S ‫وא‬ ;- ‫א‬
|A Œ‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬
O% t‫א‬; D‫א‬'‫و‬ M ‫א‬
‫א‬ - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ &< ‫א‬ O ’< ‫א‬'‫و‬ T ‫א‬
‫אع‬ (! 7 ¬t‫א‬'™ ‫א‬# ‫و‬‫د‬ 2 ‫א‬
(‫א‬ ; Q & -, R F(n'™ ‫א‬
< ‫א‬ O% (‫א‬ ; & -, / C
‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ — t 3 V .0‫و‬ ' ”5‫و‬
O% ‫م‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ * @& ‫א‬ O% A Š 5 0=‫א‬ yP
Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ y Y‫و‬ M0 Y
& -. ‫وא‬
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 Q0 . ‫و‬ƒ D‫א‬
µ‫د‬ -% 745+& ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63& -. ‫وא‬
Y+.#=‫א‬> -...
‫ﺃﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫אد‬ -< =‫وא‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬> - 3‫ﺍﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
٩
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻏﲑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬v & ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
.0% TY ¨)š
‫א‬ Y٤٠‫دو‬39‫و‬‫و‬‫و‬ 3!T' %
F ‫وא‬..
2z ” !n_+_1=!”
^ <’‰ 6 ‫ز‬ %R !v & ‫א‬
−' ´3 S ‫وא‬ ;- ‫א‬
−|A Œ‫א‬
−O% t‫א‬
−‫א‬ - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ &< ‫א‬ O ’< ‫א‬
% ‫א‬
ˆ Q % TY ¨ Q |M%
‫وع‬ A٢٦Q ‫دو‬
‫د‬ BG'2 , ’M%
‫ن‬ %‫ط‬ ’M%
−' ´‫אع‬ (! 7 ¬
‫אض‬ @(= 3
−‫א‬(‫א‬ ; Q & -, R F(n
−' ´3 S ‫א‬< ‫א‬ O% (‫א‬ ; & -, / C
' ;- ‫א‬A 0‫و‬' t‫א‬R YL' ;- ‫א‬
' ‫א‬ 5 ’ ‫א‬
b < ‫א‬ O% ;- ‫א‬ / Œ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬ 3 S ‫א‬'™ ‫א‬..
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬.
|M%‫و‬ *‫„א‬Y! w TF0 C'O 7A‫א‬ 0> - ‫א‬‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ — t 3 V .0‫و‬ ' ”5‫و‬
Mz T ‫א‬ BC‫و‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ > - ‫א‬t‫א‬.
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ƒ ; 3O% ‫م‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ * @& ‫א‬ O% A Š 5 0=‫א‬ yP
Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬
> 3|(.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬:
> - ‫א‬=n4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬...
Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬ Y %Y ‫א‬“‫و‬D‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63& -. ‫وא‬
‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬> - 3Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 Q0 . ‫و‬
D‫א‬5+& ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63> - ‫وא‬µ‫د‬ -% 74
:‚M& ‫א‬S ‫א‬> -−‚M& ‫א‬Y+.#=‫א‬
2-Y O R % @ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ ^FC> -2 ' @0‫و‬...‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž& -. ‫א‬Q5 0‫وא‬....‫ﺃﺷﺮﺡ‬
> - ‫وא‬BY‫א‬ % &3....Ž ‫ذ‬ R 4...
‫ن‬ G ‫א‬ Y %‫€אم‬Y=‫وא‬2@ ‫א‬ Y %‫و‬‫אد‬ -< =‫وא‬
& -. ‫א‬O%Bz‫!وא‬BY‫א‬ ‫א‬X ‫א‬5+ •4 0‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬))))‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬((((
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
B& ‫و‬! O%‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
-|M%.0
‫א‬ Y
3 M ‫א‬F ‫وא‬
−BG'2z ” !
^ <’‰ 6 ‫ز‬ %
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ‬
−ˆ Q % TY ¨ Q |M%
‫وع‬ A
−‫د‬ BG'
n٤,٧‫ن‬ %
−*−b 0 7M%y ‫א‬' ;- ‫א‬
−*−' ´' ‫א‬ 5 ’ ‫א‬
−*−' ´b < ‫א‬ O% ;- ‫א‬ / Œ‫א‬
−*−' ´(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬ 3 S ‫א‬
-‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
−|M%‫و‬ *‫„א‬Y! w TF0 C
Mz T ‫א‬ BC‫و‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ > - ‫א‬
-‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﻛﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
O' –‫א‬Kn‫و‬Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬
7 ‫א‬ Y‫و‬> 3
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
١−9·FM0 v‫א‬> - ‫א‬
٢−Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬ Y %
٣−w < ‫א‬Y %‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬
٤−w ‫د‬Y ‫א‬D‫א‬
‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
−2-Y O R % @ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ ^FC
−wM%‡‫א‬M G ‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž
−‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 5+ %> - ‫وא‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬‫ن‬ G ‫א‬ Y %
−Š' @0 Y %& -. ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

10. ‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
. ‫א‬Q:
Y %:
Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬
Y+.#‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ^' &0(
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20)‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
(
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬(
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬(
‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬(
5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M)‫ﲟﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬(
& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬)‫ﻧﺎﻗﺶ‬(
* <T'٦‫ط‬ @((
B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&)‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬(
B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬٢‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬(
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬(
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬(
4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ =n > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ FM0 v
* @< ‫א‬ C“nZ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ 63t‫א‬
“nZ‫א‬
( (p‫א‬ t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C Š D % 0 & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ O% B&:
b % ¨ ‫ن‬ T' ‫ن‬ 3 ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ VC C t‫א‬ -@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ L
١٠
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬:
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 2 A 7”& -.w( C‫و‬. ‫א‬
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O m' t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 20 - ! O%
. ‫وא‬–‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬–Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
*******************
> - ‫א‬ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
' S > - ‫א‬ ^' &0Y+.#‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ^' &0
‫س‬ ( 3 „( M > ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93
> - ‫א‬ ' t ´D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M‰
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20
Q-Y O ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ^FC> - ' F ‫א‬)‫ﲟﺜﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
6 M G ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬‫و‬ . ! B)›)‫ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬(
BY‫א‬ % Š¸ > - ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63 ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬ BY‫א‬ %)‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫א–ن‬ s X ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y %)‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
' t‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 2— 7% ! 3 . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y %m)‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)F- ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 V(‫א‬(
5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M
& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬
µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ @ & ‫א‬ T'=‫א‬ w&4‫و‬٠)‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬* <T'
B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&
-.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0@)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬
B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
B ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ B P‘‫א‬)‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
O% ' & ‫א‬ ” D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M% < =‫א‬)‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬
> - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( 5 ‫و‬ # & ‫وא‬ + ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 O °<()‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
... :4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ =n > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ FM0 v
S ‫א‬Y+.#=‫وא‬> -‫ن‬ A‫%€אد‬
t‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬‫ع‬ —> - ‫א‬* @< ‫א‬ C
6 M G ‫א‬‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬ 7% B_ <'& -. ‫א‬
v & ‫א‬ <3 Š' @< ‫א‬ Y % w < ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬
y ‫א‬ 5n‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y“n‫م‬‫وא‬ ‫א‬
“nV P ‫א‬T'=‫א‬m' t‫א‬
5+& ‫א‬63‫+ق‬ D‫א‬> ‫وא‬
Q% < ‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬> - 3C* @<“n
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺐ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬(
M0 3 Y 7”( ‫!ن‬ S-M'B% & ‫א‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ( &%
Q@' .3 1 G<' = ‫!ن‬ R ‫א‬ ‚ S-M'( (p‫א‬ t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C Š D % 0 & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ O% B&:
b % ¨ ‫ن‬ T' ‫ن‬ 3 ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ VC C t‫א‬ -@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ L
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−‫ﺃﺧﱰ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
=Y ‫א‬X ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 2 A 7”
=ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O m' t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 20 - ! O%
)< ‫א‬–‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬. ‫وא‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
*******************
)١(> - ‫א‬ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
)٢(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬)' S > - ‫א‬ ^' &0
)٣(‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫س‬ ( 3 „( M > ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93
)٤(‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬> - ‫א‬ ' t ´D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M‰
)٤(ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20
)٥(Q-Y O ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ^FC
)٦(6 M G ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬
)٧(BY‫א‬ % Š¸ > - ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63 ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬ BY‫א‬ %
)٨(‫א–ن‬ s X ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y %
)٩(' t‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 2— 7% ! 3 . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y %
)١٠(‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
)١١(5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M
)١٢(& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬
)١٣(µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ @ & ‫א‬ T'=‫א‬ w&4‫و‬
)١٤(B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&
)١٥(-.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0
)١٦(B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
)١٧(> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
)١٨(B ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ B P‘‫א‬
)١٩(O% ' & ‫א‬ ” D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M
)٢٠(> - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( 5 ‫و‬ # & ‫وא‬ + ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 O °<(
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