مذكرة فلسفة شاملة للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬––––‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫א‬ !‫و‬ #!‫و‬....
% & ‫א‬ ' ( ) ‫א‬ *+,‫و‬ - .....& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ / -0 1 23
4 ‫وא‬ ( # ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ 63 7 8 * 93 2& :‫و‬
( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
> !‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ BGA BC ‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬ 5 ‫ذج‬ K 74‫و‬
> L % ‫ذج‬ M3.....
‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23.QM R MS< =‫א‬ OTU = P ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ * <C O% TAD‫א‬ BC‫و‬ &4‫א‬
‫א‬ V . ‫א‬ WS0 XY....A 0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬
.......‫ن‬ &< ‫א‬ Q Z‫وא‬....
‫א‬ ‫א‬ O ‫9ل‬ 9A
X ‫وزو‬..‫د‬ -C! ‫א‬P A‫و‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬:@ ‫وא‬ ^ < ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦‫دאن‬ ‫وא‬ G% % ' ( _
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬% & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬> !‫و‬)‫ع‬ b(& d
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬..
A < 3 0 M%!..١٥−٨−٢٠١٦
١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
s ‫!ن‬ M C Z t‫א‬...‫א‬ !‫و‬ #!‫و‬
‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬% & ‫א‬ ' ( ) ‫א‬ *+,‫و‬ - .
@ u @' .3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬...4 ‫وא‬ ( # ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ 63 7 8 * 93 2& :‫و‬
( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
(! v‫و‬> !‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ BGA BC ‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬ 5 ‫ذج‬ K 74‫و‬
Q<' 2( * 3 BC B F0..wA‫د‬ ! _...> L % ‫ذج‬ M3
‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23
< ‫א‬ X'x CP ‫א‬ yP B F0 ‫!ن‬‫و‬ ‫א‬ * <C O% TAD‫א‬ BC‫و‬ &4‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ CP ‫وא‬ V<T ‫א‬....‫א‬ V . ‫א‬ WS0 XY
‫ن‬ . F ‫א‬ O%‫و‬ W A G@0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬ y Y‫و‬ Z‫א‬ O A.......
z 2( & ‫א‬ % {GY‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ن‬ ;<%=‫א‬. ..‫א‬ ‫א‬ O ‫9ل‬ 9A
.‫وא‬ E‫و‬...0 ‫ووא‬)Z‫א‬ 2| Y(X ‫وزو‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬
‫س‬ 2A‫و‬ R‫א‬ n‫و‬٣٠‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬٣٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬٤٠‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦٢٠١٦
::::@ 0 - ‫א‬٤٢‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬:M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !٤١‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬A < 3 0 M%!
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
Tt‫א‬ CP%:.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−s ‫!ن‬ M C Z t‫א‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬
@ u @' .3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬
....( ;<%=‫א‬ > 93 % ، @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @A BC > D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ( @ ‫وא‬ E‫و‬ F ‫א‬ ' @<3
E F ‫א‬ R M_!...(! v‫و‬
Q<' 2( * 3 BC B F0
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
ً
ً
ً
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬....‫س‬ D‫א‬ 2A ‫א‬ * <C O &- ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23
‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬‫ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬< ‫א‬ X'x CP ‫א‬ yP B F0 ‫!ن‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ CP ‫وא‬ V<T ‫א‬
‫ن‬ . F ‫א‬ O%‫و‬ W A G@0 O% ‫ن‬ C %‫و‬ y Y‫و‬ Z‫א‬ O A
−z 2( & ‫א‬ % {GY
‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﲰﻰ‬........
‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺹ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
١‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫س‬ 2A‫و‬ R‫א‬ n‫و‬
٢‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬::::@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٠> !..‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
١١‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬::::
١٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٠‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
٢٩> !..‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
( G...
20+TF%‫و‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 W&' P ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬-0€ ‫א‬‫م‬ @< ‫א‬ ‚
2 ! ‚ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ t & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫د‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬:
> - ‫א‬ ‚ . ‫א‬‫د‬ < =‫وא‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ % O% ƒ G@ ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ O% 23.
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬:
‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ ‚M&0 > - ‫א‬P ‫א‬Oz T ‫א‬ Q3 ‫„ل‬M'
@%ً2AOz T 3 / † %t‫א‬
‫‡ن‬ @ ‫א‬ˆ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫א‬PS ‫א‬> -
0 3 G‰ T% @ ‡ -0 ‫!ن‬()Š( ''‡٨٧(
: > - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d
' T ‫א‬ ‫و‬(
: n (‫ﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫)ﺍﺑﻦ‬ M > - ‫א‬ • .G% F'‫و‬
‫א‬ S ‫א‬–( T ‫א‬–z Yp‫א‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬‫ﺍﳊﻲ‬‰Ž ‫ذ‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
• M ‫א‬‫א‬5+ D‫وא‬
‫ن‬ (p 3
٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬( G
:Ž ‫ذ‬20+TF%‫و‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 W&' P ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫א‬
& ‫وא‬P ‫א‬2 ! ‚ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ t & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬
V .%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬% M< ‫א‬> - ‫א‬ ‚ . ‫א‬
& -. ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫وא‬ƒ D‫א‬(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ O% 23
‫ل‬ D‫א‬%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP..
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬
"‫ﺑﻮﺃ‬‫ﺗﺒﻮﺃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬"
* & ‫א‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺑﺎء‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
7‫ﻭﺗﺒﻮﺃ‬!‫(„ل‬
< 3 Ž P‘‫א‬
−ً‫א‬‫ذ‬n‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ ‚M&0 > - ‫א‬
t‫א‬P’<'‫و‬y%@
−5‫و‬u!‫‡ن‬ @ ‫א‬
Q 5“ &0‫و‬)0 3 G‰ T% @ ‡ -0 ‫!ن‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬::::‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬
‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d
((‫و‬' ”& ‫א‬‫!و‬‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫و‬< =‫א‬!' T ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
PM%‫ق‬٣•(
&' m Y)‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬‫م‬ 5!
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬..
M > - ‫א‬ • .G% F'‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬)‫א‬ S ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬• M ‫א‬
T ‫وא‬/ Œ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p 3
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
-‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬:
MT< ‫א‬& ‫وא‬
−‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬
﴿−63 ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ % 5nV .%
﴿−& -. ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4
﴿−‫€א‬Y‫א‬‫ق‬ @Y ‫م‬‫ل‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬:‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
> 3 C2 #!=‫א‬5 @<u
|M% O3‫א‬ ‫ل‬ 5‫و‬"* & ‫א‬ ‫ن‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺊ‬‫א‬R 3 R -'!7
‫م‬ 5!‫و‬..‫ﻭﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻚ‬:< 3 Ž P‘‫א‬
‫ل‬ @( m Y Q A _‹ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ 3 . Œ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫وא‬ R uD‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
))& -. ‫א‬‫!و‬‫א‬((
−‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬)PM%
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬.−&' m Y
‫ﺭﺑﻪ‬(* <C VY #‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫وא‬ C‫ذ‬ O%‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
Q3 . Œ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬
> - ‫א‬ yP &0 ‚ ‫د‬ @ ‫א‬..((
‫ﺍﶈﻴﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬2M •4 O•%‫و‬
.((
;4 0 OTU BY‫א‬ % &3‫+ل‬ O% 2< ‫א‬:
% FY % & -, > 3 / ‫و‬ Q ( 2 A@@
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ـﺎﻧﻴﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻈ‬
ˆ– ‫زא‬ %...‫!و‬ˆ ‫א‬ :.....
v •& y • 0 '•& -. ‫א‬ً‫א‬ M<• %
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬.
‫אل‬ •, v •& ‫א‬ • A‫و‬ ‫م‬ • ‚•
•••|(‫ن‬ ••• (p‫א‬“n••• & -. ‫א‬ •••> - ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﻫـﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻥ‬
& -, ‫א‬ —‫و‬ Y Mz C O%
‫ﳒـﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻥ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻈـﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬‫ـﻖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺣﻘ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣ‬
• @˜‫و‬ Q•<% •20 Mz C ’• 0‫و‬ • & -. ‫א‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫+ل‬S<• ‫א‬ ™ ‫د‬ FM ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬:
•š •(‫א‬ Y ‫אو‬ w•( C •0 -( •20 Mz C 6•3 A = ˜
• Y‫و‬ B3‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬‫א‬P• ‚• Q• (
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴـﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑـﻮ‬‫ﺕ‬
• !‫و‬ • t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ & -, O% % › S0
& -, &0 =‫و‬ 23 (! / <‘ m‫!و‬& -, Q-u ‚<Y
‫ون‬ •T ‫وא‬• + ‫وא‬“n‫ﺧﻄـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ƒ F- ‫א‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻳـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ Gƒ D‫א‬.
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‚ ˜ƒ D‫א‬‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬‫ل‬ • D‫א‬
٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬:
Oz T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬P ‫א‬Ž <U_9< ‫א‬ ‚ @ ‫א‬
-&0 Y ‚ y Y"‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬"))> - ‫א‬ yP &0 ‚ ‫د‬ @ ‫א‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﶈﻴﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ > 3X ‫א‬œ & ‫א‬ QC F0> - ‫א‬ yP.
5+& ‫א‬ yP %‫א‬63‫ن‬ (p‫א‬;4 0 OTU BY‫א‬ % &3
X ‫א‬‫و‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬% FY % & -, > 3 / ‫و‬ Q ( 2 A
‫ﻓﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
•@A‫ﺃ‬‫ـﻮﺩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﳍﻨ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ـﺎﻧﻴﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬‫و‬P‘‫وא‬%nˆ‡† #...‫!و‬ˆ– ‫زא‬ %
•• Y ‫א‬ yP••
‫ﺍﳊﻀــﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ـــﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻇﻬ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬
*•• @A‫ﺃﺭﺳـﻄﻮ‬0•@v •& y • 0 '
n‫!ن‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
*‫و‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬‫ﻫـﻴﻤﻦ‬‫אل‬ •, v •& ‫א‬ • A‫و‬ ‫م‬ • ‚•
••• -<' •••G& ‫א‬ yP••••••|(
‚ . Œ‫א‬2(!‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬& -, ‫א‬ —‫و‬ Y Mz C O%
Q•(‫א‬ ‫وא‬ •' R • & ‫وא‬ • + ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬‫ﳒـﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻨﻬﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬
Q< A.
*‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺓ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
•••• Y ‫א‬ yP••••
‫א‬ ••••••••' ‫א‬ •••••••.0
‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
••••••• & ‫א‬
“n
*‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺃﺛﺎﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬
١−b‫א‬ Yn•š •(‫א‬ Y ‫אو‬ w•( C •0 -( •20 Mz C 6•3 A = ˜
•-#!‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪﺩ‬• Y‫و‬ B3
VC T ‫א‬.
٢−‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴـﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
OTU ، ‚<u ‫ل‬ 93‫!ن‬• !‫و‬ • t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ & -, O% % › S0
ž ˆ Tu!‫و‬& -, &0 =‫و‬ 23 (! / <‘ m
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬m• Y‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺒـﻪ‬‫ون‬ •T ‫وא‬
V(‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ‚ -0€ ‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺬﺭﻭﻥ‬‫ﻫـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺬﻩ‬..‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻳـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
‫א‬ ˜‫و‬“n:
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬X ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‚ ˜
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻧﻴ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
−‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Oz T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
‫و‬‫و‬-&0 Y ‚ y Y
‫ﻓﺜﻤﺔ‬‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫א‬ > 3
−5+& ‫א‬ yP %
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬
X ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
*•@A
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬
*‫ـﺪﺃﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬•• Y ‫א‬ yP••
7••% E ••4 3‫ﺍﳊﻀــﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ـــﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻇﻬ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬
*! •••3‫ﻣـــﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠــﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﻬــﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊـــــــــﺪﻳﺚ‬
Q••••••••••••• M‰
)' t‫א‬.
*Q•(‫א‬ ‫وא‬ •' R • & ‫وא‬ • + ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬
‫ﲟﻨﻬﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺘ‬ ‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬ‬
Q< A
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬*
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬
*¡• 3‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
•••• Y ‫א‬ yP••••
‫א‬ ••••••••' ‫א‬ •••••••.0
Q A ‫ع‬ .< ‫א‬‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
Q•••••••% @<3••••••• & ‫א‬
•2- ‫א‬‫!ن‬B••G'“n
& -. ‫א‬ 25 Y %.
‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻥ‬
*‚ ‫و‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
*‫א‬ z •-A‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳛﺬﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫א‬ ˜‫و‬
١−‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
٢−‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻅ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
•5+ O• •u T ‫א‬ • ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ B•Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP• O•‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬•> - 3
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﰲ‬
‚• — • t‫وא‬ • & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ ‫•€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ •4‫و‬
‫א‬ •”t‫א‬ ^• <¢( • (p‫א‬P•M%‫و‬
& -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ 93−2 — t‫وא‬−• 25 ‫م‬ • ‫و‬
• t‫א‬ •Mz T ‫א‬ B•T • t‫א‬ •Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬−‚• ‫و‬‫!ن‬B•|0
• t‫א‬ ‫א‬ <• ‫א‬ ‚• •F- •( ‫و‬
5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬((((
w( C @O' T ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬6 M •G ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬(
‫•£ل‬ ‫وא‬ ! •- ‫א‬ &'P• ‫א‬Q•M% ‚09•0
‫ن‬ ( ••@ ‫א‬ •• ‫و‬••& -. ‫א‬‫!و‬‫ن‬ •• T ‫א‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬:
‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ G-<v & ‫א‬...
‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž& -. ‫א‬Q5 0‫وא‬..
63 /3‫€א‬ 3 ‫א‬ 5R uD‫א‬..
& -. ‫א‬2< A‫و‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‬:
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬•Mz T ‫א‬ O•%
ƒ •• •• ‫א‬••G(!••0 -M ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ••@Y
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬& -. ‫א‬ Mz C
‫ــﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـــﺰ‬‫ن‬ ••• (p‫א‬
ƒ • D‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
& -,‫و‬‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
Q(‫א‬ ž‚5 D‫א‬ƒ 5D‫وא‬.¤‫א‬.
‫ﺴ‬‫ﻲ‬(“nŽ ‫ذ‬Q3 <C)‫ﺍﻟﻄـﺎﻭ‬(
-, ¢‫ن‬ (p‫א‬:))))))))‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﲢﺴﺐ‬ٔ‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ﻧﻚ‬‫ا‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ـﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬
‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬ٔٔٔٔ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻻ‬‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫رى‬ٔ‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ذ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﻜ‬............‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬
#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬((((((((
‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﲢﺬﻳﺮ‬1 A Q@ .'‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴـﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬Q ” ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 5‫وو‬
٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
3 ‫א‬ m' t‫א‬ ‚M&'•5+ O• •u T ‫א‬ • ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ B•Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ yP• O•
• % ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬)‫ن‬ •G ‫وא‬ ‫•€אم‬Y=‫א‬ • Y %(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧـﻪ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Q-<M' v“n• !‚• — • t‫وא‬ • & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ ‫•€אم‬Y‫א‬ ‫و‬ •4‫و‬
# & ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ A 2— 7%..
‫ﻫﻲ‬‫!ن‬O' •T ‫وא‬ F- ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬‫א‬ •”t‫א‬ ^• <¢
6 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ( C U @ ‫א‬ 5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬−& -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ 93
‚ 2M% # Y:−• t‫א‬ •Mz T ‫א‬ B•T • t‫א‬ •Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
•2<( T‰' • ‫א‬ ' •F- ‫א‬ • ; •&A (−• t‫א‬ ‫א‬ <• ‫א‬ ‚• •F- •( ‫و‬
7 (‫אز‬ < ‫وא‬ z‫د‬ ˆ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬:
‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ PM% 2— > - 3 ‫م‬ < =‫א‬T ‫א‬‫א‬5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
6G ‫وא‬ G%:
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺏ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
> - 2-Y O ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ R % 5
• ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‚ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ Y
2- ‫א‬ 20‫א‬ ”Y R M3 % ’ 0‫و‬...
• ‫א‬ —‫و‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP• ‫א‬
‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬:
−w( C @
R % @ ‫א‬B)›)‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭ‬
−P ‫א‬‫•£ل‬ ‫وא‬ ! •- ‫א‬ &'
B••CR ••uD‫א‬‫ن‬ ( ••@ ‫א‬ •• ‫و‬
0‫א‬P ‫א‬R uL
Q•••<A •••G% * •••<C( ••• (p‫א‬
•‫ﻳـﺪﺭﻛﻮﻥ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﳊﻔـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻹﻟـﻪ‬
‚ - . ‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫د‬ ¥ Š ‫و‬‫ض‬ D‫א‬.
=١=‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
١−n‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ G-<
٢−‫و‬M%‡‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž
٣−63 /3‫€א‬ 3 ‫א‬ 5
٤−5‫ود‬ Y OM
‫ﺇﻋــﻼﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟــﱪﺍءﺓ‬‫ﺃﻣــﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻟــﻪ‬
A •< ‫א‬ 2 2<• '‚‫•+م‬ ‫א‬ Q• @3
••|& ‫א‬‫ـﻮﻓﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﻳﺆﻛ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ـﺮﻯ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬••25 @t‫و‬
،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫اﻟﻔ?ـﺎخ‬ ‫اﺻـﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬))))‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬‫ﺳﺪا‬((((‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫اﳉﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎم‬ٔ
=٢=‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
=••2|Aƒ •• •• ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬
=‫ــﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺇﻟﻐ‬‫ــﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـــﺰ‬
Mz T ‫وא‬ƒ • D‫א‬
¨ M0& -,
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺪﻳﻢ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬)C،R •‫ض‬ D‫وא‬
‫ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧـﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧـﺔ‬
‫ل‬ˆ–‫א‬ #‫و‬
=٣=u!)‫ﻻ‬‫ﺅﺗ‬‫ﺴ‬
5 M Y‫ل‬-, ¢
‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﺗــﻮﱃ‬‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣــﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬‫ﻪ؟‬ ‫وﲢﺴــ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬‫ﻣﻘﺪس‬................#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬#‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻟﲀن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺖ‬‫و‬‫-ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﺴ‬ ‫/ﺴﻌﻚ‬ ‫وﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻬــﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘــﺪﻳﻢ‬
Q•••• 0‫و‬ ‫د‬ ••••-& ‫א‬ ••••
20‫א‬ # ‫+ل‬ u (D‫وא‬ B 0‫€א‬ ‫א‬
=٤=‫א‬P‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴـﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−=3 ‫א‬ m' t‫א‬ ‚M&'
# ‫و‬• % ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬‫!و‬‫!ن‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
2 A ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬=n# & ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ A 2— 7%
−‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬
6 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ( C U @ ‫א‬ 5 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ”t‫א‬
‫!و‬‫ذ‬ M< ‫א‬...‚ 2M% # Y
• & -. ‫א‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP••2<( T‰
7 (‫אز‬ < ‫وא‬ z‫د‬ ˆ‫א‬
‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻟﺜ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬‫ﻴﺌﻲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬
‫ن‬n‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ PM% 2— > - 3 ‫م‬ < =‫א‬
‫א‬# © U @
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺃ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
−^FC> - 2-Y O ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ R % 5
−‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻘﺪﺭ‬• ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‚ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ Y
2- ‫א‬ 20‫א‬ ”Y R M3 % ’ 0‫و‬
−‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬5•• ‫א‬ —‫و‬ •> - ‫א‬ yP• ‫א‬
‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬
=١=‫م‬ •••5!Q•••<A •••G% * •••<C
)‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬(MA•
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪ‬
‚ - . ‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫د‬ ¥ Š ‫و‬
=٢=)‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳــﺬﺓ‬‫ﺇﻋــﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬(X ‫א‬A •< ‫א‬ 2 2<• '
••' Ž••••2'!Q•• p‫א‬••|& ‫א‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ل‬ @ A:.))))،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬،‫3ﳢﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫3ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﳌﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺮم‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬‫اﳌﯿـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ ‫اﻣ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫اﲥﻢ‬‫ﲑ‬‫ﲝـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﲀ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﺎد‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺔ‬JK‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﲑ‬
‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﰴ‬ٔ ‫ﱂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﲰﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬))))‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ‫ﺿﻊ‬ٔ((((‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ‫ﺔ‬Y‫ﺟ‬ٔ[‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬ٔ((.((.((.((.
=٣=‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬
Aw( T‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫و‬(..‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻞ‬‫ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧـﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺇﳛﺎءﺍﺕ‬Tu93‫ل‬
=٤=‫ﺗﻘــﺪﻳﺲ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼــﺮﻱ‬‫ﻧﻬــﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘــﺪﻳﻢ‬
‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴ‬Q•••• 0‫و‬ ‫د‬ ••••-& ‫א‬ ••••
20‫א‬ # ‫+ل‬ u (D‫وא‬ B 0‫€א‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
ً
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % Q0 % 2 n ! O%‫و‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬)‫אن‬ '‫ود‬ ™& ‫א‬
™ ‫وא‬ ! <- ‫א‬(..‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻨﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫א‬ 5D‫وא‬ Š3+ ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ ‫و‬
b ˜‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬Ž P B)% * 4‫و‬ ،‫دאن‬ ‫א‬
5p‫א‬ _90 %‫و‬t‫א‬)G%‫و‬(
20 G’u O' T0‫ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬E 3
‫ط‬ -(=‫وא‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬‫ون‬ ' =‫و‬‫א‬ 5!
‫-+د‬ ‫א‬‫د‬ - ‫א‬m Y‫ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬
‫אط‬ Ap‫وא‬ ‫„ن‬t‚<Y V5‫א‬ & ‫א‬ |(
‫ون‬ '5O% 6<M* -t‫א‬
20‫א‬ % A
m' ; Q<% @% O% -C V( ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ {G
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ‬2<5+ ‫و‬‫ن‬ (p 3' , O:
‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬. • ‫א‬ • ‫و‬ ‫و‬ •& -. ‫א‬
•2M% ‫د‬ <• =‫وא‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫אج‬ ’<• ‫وא‬ •> - ‫א‬ • ‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬ .
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬.
٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬:
‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﲣﺼﺼﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬:
1 A y -< 3 % 2 p‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫9و‬A
Ž ‫وذ‬ > - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ %
‫ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
% 2 p‫א‬ yP O%‫و‬:
−‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
ً
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % Q0 % 2 n ! O%‫و‬
> - ‫א‬:
١−‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬Q< «‫و‬ ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬
V<T ‫א‬ C † š Q0‫א‬ @A B% T0‫و‬ ، Q<5‫ود‬
> - ‫א‬ A ‫ول‬ M<0 X ‫א‬ # & ‫א‬..
٢−‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬
™ ‫وא‬ ! <- ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺻﻨﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫א‬ 5D‫وא‬ Š3+ ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
B% u BTF3‫و‬ .¨ m Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ _90‫و‬
> - ‫א‬ %+ %‫و‬ ‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ {z G• M ‫وא‬
<’ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ GA‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺑﻂ‬
G% F<M0 X ‫א‬..
٣−b ˜
‫ﻭﻃﺒﺎﺋﻌﻬﻢ‬
5p‫א‬ _90 %‫و‬
20 G’u O' T0
‫ط‬ -(=‫وא‬ ‫و‬ ‫وא‬
ŠT&3‫-+د‬ ‫א‬
3‫אط‬ Ap‫وא‬ ‫„ن‬t
2(!‫ون‬ '
20‫א‬ % A
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬O%
‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬ _! ‫ن‬ 3 B !‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬..
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
٤−m' ; Q<% @% O% -C V( ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ {G
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ‬
2M 3 ‫دل‬ -< ‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ #..
B 0 O : M ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ +TF‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ %&3 2— 5 OT0 v...
=‫و‬•2M% ‫د‬ <• =‫وא‬ • ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % ‫אج‬ ’<• ‫وא‬ •> - ‫א‬ • ‫ن‬ • (p‫א‬ .
Q0 ”Y‫و‬ Q< M#‫و‬ Q0 t ‫و‬ 4 ‰..
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
−‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ‬‫ﲣﺼﺼﻪ‬
1 A y -< 3 % 2 p‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫9و‬A
G% V -,‫و‬Ž ‫وذ‬ > - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ %
3 <C)‫ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺭﺽ‬(% 2 p‫א‬ yP O%‫و‬
١−‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬3 <C‫ﺍﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
V<T ‫א‬ C † š Q0‫א‬ @A B% T0‫و‬ ، Q<5‫ود‬
> - ‫א‬ A ‫ول‬ M<0 X ‫א‬ # & ‫א‬
٢−‫א‬ ‫د‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
B% u BTF3‫و‬ .¨ m Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ _90‫و‬
> - ‫א‬ %+ %‫و‬ ‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ {z G
<’ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ GA
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺑﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬G% F<M0 X ‫א‬
٣−‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ن‬ T ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬ _! ‫ن‬ 3 B !
‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬
٤−‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻫﻢ‬..
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
−‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﱂ‬‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
2M 3 ‫دل‬ -< ‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ #
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬:‫א‬ ‫!ن‬B 0 O : M ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ +TF
2‫ذ‬ M< ‫وא‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ %
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬=‫و‬
Q0 ”Y‫و‬ Q< M#‫و‬ Q0 t ‫و‬ 4 ‰
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
#-‫ﺍﻫﺘﻢ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻡ‬
‫وא‬ 3 - . ‫وא‬
(
#١#‫ﺷﺎﺭﻙ‬‫ﺭﳚﺎﻥ‬‫د‬
M“n‚ — t‫א‬
‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y.
#٢#%ً‫א‬ M<% ‚
7 ‫א‬ 23 O%‹':
)‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺇﻳﺬﺍء‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﻷﺟﻞ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳊﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻙ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺬﺍء‬‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ‬‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﲑ‬(
O% 5 | ! ‚
P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
20 3 Y
2 M
‫ﺳـﻨﺠﺮ‬
•(‫א‬ t‫א‬ •4 ‫س‬ •›
QA+ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬ * < ‫א‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ود‬ •Y
= ¬n‫ض‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺇﺯﺍء‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
|M'Q(‫א‬ ‚ Q M2 A T;< ‫وא‬
|M'2 n‚2(!O, %‫ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
“n2 A ƒ‫د‬ ” Q(‫א‬ ‚ Q (
yP ‚ -A †‫ض‬ D‫א‬# M A T3
‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬:
‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬..
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬‫؟‬‫؟‬
C! •• &3 m••;-0 ••2(D••)7••5‫א‬ ‫א‬•• & ‫א‬••5+&
v •••••& ‫א‬ 7•••••%•••••& -. ‫א‬B•••••# < ‫وא‬“n
•• A <M<•• ‫א‬••)C!••@O•••• -< 3 ••> - ‫א‬
R YD‫א‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬ ‚Q‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬،20‫ذא‬ ž 5 ً”'! ˆ‫و‬..
- 0 B ! O%t‫א‬' t‫א‬.
ً
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﻥ‬..
٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﱰ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻕ‬‫وא‬ 3 - . ‫وא‬
t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ BC 63‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻌﻲ‬)‫م‬ <M3Q )š !(
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬
% & ‫א‬ & M ‫א‬P ‫א‬{M'O% 5 | ! ‚
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ O% 5...
P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
% › F- ‫א‬ B)% 2 )%‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬F- ‫א‬ ‚‫!ن‬‫א‬ &”'20 3 Y
B% & ‫א‬& M ‫א‬ B3 @%X ‫א‬82 M
* < ‫א‬ O%X ‫א‬‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‚ 2' 8
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬B•-5 O•% •2< % &% O• Y‫و‬‫ﺳـﻨﺠﺮ‬
^M& ‫א‬ # BC @( m YX• ‫א‬•(‫א‬ t‫א‬ •4 ‫س‬ •›
2M% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ض‬ S3 2&% B% &< ‫א‬QA+ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬ * < ‫א‬
Aldo Leopold‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬ ‫ﳎـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ‬
3€ ‫א‬y ‫وא‬‫!و‬ (‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬= ¬n
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬:
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬... (
Q A O,‫א‬ %‫و‬ ƒ‫د‬ ”(،
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬|M'
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬|M'
‫•€אم‬•Y‫א‬R ••” D‫א‬Q•• R+%„•• ‫وא‬
Q0‫ذא‬ ž 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬.
‫!ن‬ Q|M'“n
S-M A‫!ن‬yP ‚ -A †
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬:
V P% Š' (‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬...‫ﻳﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
FBTC..
œ •& •2 A O•% B•C
O• •|M ‫א‬ Ÿ•S3‫א‬ •z‫א‬ ‫א‬• & M
C! •• &3 m••;-0 ••2(D
( ••••• (p‫א‬v •••••& ‫א‬ 7•••••%
•• A <M<•• ‫א‬
‫وع‬ A O% AR YD‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ض‬ D‫א‬ ‚
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻳﺴﻬﻤ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺮﺍء‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬..=n- 0 B ! O%
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬' F- ‫א‬ ¨‫و‬20 A @_‫و‬
ً
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﻥ‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
#١#‫ﺳﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬
t‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ BC 63
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬:! -%% & ‫א‬ & M ‫א‬
‫د‬ & ‫א‬™CD‫س‬ M ‫א‬ O% 5
‫ﻭﲟﺎ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬P ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R @F ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & 3 &F ‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5 (‫א‬ t‫א‬
vD‫وא‬% › F- ‫א‬ B)% 2 )%
( &%yP(‫א‬ t‫א‬
mY - ‫א‬& ‫א‬* < ‫א‬ O%
#-‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬‫ﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
Q -0!‫و‬^M& ‫א‬ # BC @( m Y
2< 3 0 @' ,‫،و‬2M% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ض‬ S3 2&% B% &< ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭ‬‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬Aldo Leopold
−‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬ ‫ﳎـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬
7 <¥‫א‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺘﻀﻢ‬3€ ‫א‬
−‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ‬
)‫ﻣﻦ‬7 <¥ &< %‫ض‬ D‫א‬
)‫ﺇﱃ‬Q A O,‫א‬ %‫و‬ ƒ‫د‬ ”
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺇﻧﻬ‬••”<@0Q••M%‫•€אم‬•Y‫א‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬Q0‫ذא‬ ž 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
)‫ﺃﺭ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎﻳﺲ‬(‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
−‚M-0( !V P% Š' (
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬‫ﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺃ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
& ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬F
S-M'n‫•€אم‬Y‫ق‬ •@Yœ •& •2 A O•% B•C
‫وא=زد‬O• •|M ‫א‬ Ÿ•S3
ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< +
−‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
١−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻭﺗﺮﻋﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬
٢−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮﺍء‬‫ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬
٣−‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﻠﺒﺸﺮ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬
٤−‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺗﺮﻋﺮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
، ً‫א‬ ^ )C' 74 ‫وא‬'‫<„א‬‫¯א‬R.
‫א‬ '‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ D‫א‬A @)' 'p‫وא‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲦﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬#D‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4‫!و‬ % 5p‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬...
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬My‫+ل‬ O%
-‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻊ‬M(!G ‫א‬ B)K
z ‫א‬2 _‹ % BC
V 3..M 7@' _ O%‫و‬RV‫!ن‬
2&”(R M_! M0 3 Y!B&A
yP’<(4 t‫א‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﺔ‬‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬
V ‫א‬ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬B#9< ‫א‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬...
‫א‬ °z <( O% B&: @' .3 1 G<' =Q &A
t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C( (p‫א‬B-@< ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬B3”'!
‫ﻋﺎﺗﻖ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﲡﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬X ‫א‬‫ن‬ T<!20 t
t‫א‬“n'‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ G ‫א‬ Ž 0 ' 20
..
6-( O% B-@< 3 &<0 ‫ذא‬n 5+ D‫א‬:
@Y+ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ yP 2 <&0
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫و‬:
%‫א‬ T3 œ & ‫א‬ B-@< ‫א‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
٧
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‬‫א‬v &F- ‫א‬ ¨، ً‫א‬ ^ )C
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬D2(- ‫א‬ ‚ _‹0>‫א‬ '‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲦﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬• 4 0 OTU‫+ق‬ !‫‹و‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺏ‬-
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﳊﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬A7 .< ' 2‫!ن‬± '
2 ˜‫و‬ 20 &-0 Q &A _ O%‫و‬...
‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬@ ‫א‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
A Mz T ‫א‬ )C!‫د‬ ‫א‬..
−
‫ﲡﺎﻫ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬
z ‫א‬
V 3
2&”(
yP’<(
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬My
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬
S-M'‫!ن‬<20
‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬
−‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬B3”'!O%V ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬yP y :‫ل‬ D‫א‬
AS-Mz‫دא‬!‫א‬ °z <( O% B&: @' .3 1 G<' =
% 0ً‫א‬Š Dt‫א‬ %‫א‬ C
‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
−‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
@0 +R20 ž...' m ž@‚ 7‫ﻋﺎﺗﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
AVM0 5 ƒ‫0‹د‬ =!M &A!‫و‬t‫א‬
<’ ‫א‬ 20‫وא‬ )3 & -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬..
‫ن‬nM< ‫‹و‬ %6-( O% B-@< 3 &<0 ‫ذא‬n 5+ D‫א‬
-‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬B-@< ‫א‬.
-‫ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬@Y+ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ yP 2 <&0
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻻ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬:
-@ ‫א‬.٢−@%‫ل‬ !%‫א‬ T3 œ & ‫א‬ B-@< ‫א‬
2t G% O 2 A‫د‬# ‫א‬‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬...
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٥-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬‫ﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬
٦−PŽ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬
٧−‫ن‬ T‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﲑ‬
٨−‫ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
−‫!ن‬ O% 7-M0‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﺎ‬‫ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫‹و‬ ‫א‬2 ˜‫و‬ 20 &-0 Q &A _ O%‫و‬
‫א‬P ‫و‬‫ﻳﻔﺮﺽ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬A Mz T ‫א‬ )C!
−+ ! „ ›‫ق‬‫‹و‬ ‫א‬
Q(93‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬m YS-M'
B-@< 3‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
−‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺠﺪﺭ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺗﻬ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
R‫زא‬nB-@< ‫א‬
)−& -. ‫א‬ B-@< %
−‫!و‬B-@< %‫ل‬ D‫א‬
%‫د‬ @ ‫א‬ ' F- ‫א‬(
‫ﻛﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬=‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١−‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬
*=‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬2t G% O 2 A‫د‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
-@< ‫א‬AG‫ق‬ @t ‫ق‬ ) %
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫و‬Q3 ‫ع‬ < < =‫א‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺛﻪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬‫ﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ض‬ D‫א‬‫!و‬& -. ‫א‬ ‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬..
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬t‫א‬..
‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
2%‫ودوא‬ 25 @Y ² 0..
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ق‬ @Y — t‫وא‬‫ﻧﺸﺄ‬‫ﺓ‬
2(93 2 ' &0 OTU‫و‬:
‫ن‬ M,‫א‬ % 2 |M' •3 ‫א‬ 1 2< 0 =‫س‬ !)−5n−‫دو‬(
‫د‬ Bz %‫ق‬ @Y B -5 O%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫!و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬|M% Q 2< C X ‫א‬
‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬P M0 Y
20„2 !< ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ '‫و0„א‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬PM% v & ‫א‬' 2(‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬
...
P M0 ‫ص‬ t‫وא‬
> - ‫א‬
‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ O% ; Bz ‫وو‬ M@0 ‫د‬ < ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
Cp‫א‬ Q &%> - ‫א‬ =+<
°%‫א‬ 33€ ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
(‫אز‬ < ‫א‬ ‫<+ل‬ 3 ‫د‬ 20 X ‫א‬> - ‫א‬
٨
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻧﺎﺱ‬
y G(!‫و‬‫ق‬ @Y — ;‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@< ‫א‬
C‹':
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻣﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
/3‫وא‬ ‫وא‬< =‫א‬..
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺛﻪ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬...
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫!ن‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻔﻆ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬t‫א‬VC T3‫ض‬ D‫א‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺫ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬
@;< 23 ;”' = Q(! O% C9< ‫وא‬& M ‫א‬‫!و‬Y‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬¨ |M ‫وא‬% Tt‫א‬‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬& 0 X ‫وא‬n2%‫ودوא‬ 25 @Y ² 0
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬' t> - ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ق‬ @Y — t‫وא‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬...2(93 2 ' &0 OTU‫و‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ن‬ M,‫א‬ % 2 |M' •3 ‫א‬ 1 2< 0 =
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬‫د‬ Bz %
B . ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬
B u‫و‬ ‫ول‬ ‫א‬ „ Q2 ‫א‬ %20„2 !
..
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫א–ن‬‫ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﲣﺬ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
&' F< ‫א‬z+ ‫א‬' t> - ‫א‬P M0 ‫ص‬ t‫وא‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 7 F0A @) ‫وא‬> - ‫א‬
‫ن‬ >F ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% R„ { G‘> - ‫א‬
‫א‬ _9< ‫א‬ O% ; Bz ‫وو‬ M@0 ‫د‬ < ‫א‬
b < ‫א‬ O% ^ ’< ‫א‬> - ‫א‬‫وא‬C
C F ‫א‬‫دא‬ 2d' ´> - ‫א‬
F(A @) ‫א‬> - ‫א‬' , O‫م‬ 2 p‫א‬°%‫א‬ 3
BC Q2 ‫א‬ %. D‫א‬(‫אز‬ < ‫א‬ ‫<+ل‬ 3 ‫د‬ 20 X ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺩﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬‫ﻳﻮ‬‫ﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃﲦﺮﺕ‬‫ﺩﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ل‬ D‫א‬-@ ‫א‬C‹'
١−‫ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬A @) ‫وא‬/3‫وא‬ ‫وא‬
٢−‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﱰﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
٣−‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
٤−‫ﺍﲣ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬@;< 23 ;”' = Q(! O% C9< ‫وא‬
٥−‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬ 6 ’<%‫ل‬ D‫א‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬:-‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
−‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬
> - ‫א‬‫!و‬! ‫א‬B . ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
−5‫و‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭ‬
%D‫א‬;< ‫א‬‫א‬ 9 ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ yP ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ •-#! 5‫و‬
7' F ‫א‬( (p‫א‬
5p‫א‬‫و‬ ‫وא‬..
−@ ‫و‬‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫و‬ F 7 < ‫א‬‚<Y
١-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
&' F< ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 7 F0
٢-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
٣-‫ﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
v & ‫א‬' %:
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬
3 S ‫وא‬ ;- ‫א‬
|A Œ‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬
O% t‫א‬; D‫א‬'‫و‬ M ‫א‬
‫א‬ - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ &< ‫א‬ O ’< ‫א‬'‫و‬ T ‫א‬
‫אع‬ (! 7 ¬t‫א‬'™ ‫א‬# ‫و‬‫د‬ 2 ‫א‬
(‫א‬ ; Q & -, R F(n'™ ‫א‬
< ‫א‬ O% (‫א‬ ; & -, / C
‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ — t 3 V .0‫و‬ ' ”5‫و‬
O% ‫م‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ * @& ‫א‬ O% A Š 5 0=‫א‬ yP
Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ y Y‫و‬ M0 Y
& -. ‫وא‬
Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 Q0 . ‫و‬ƒ D‫א‬
µ‫د‬ -% 745+& ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63& -. ‫وא‬
Y+.#=‫א‬> -...
‫ﺃﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫אد‬ -< =‫وא‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬> - 3‫ﺍﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
٩
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻏﲑ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬v & ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
.0% TY ¨)š
‫א‬ Y٤٠‫دو‬39‫و‬‫و‬‫و‬ 3!T' %
F ‫وא‬..
2z ” !n_+_1=!”
^ <’‰ 6 ‫ز‬ %R !v & ‫א‬
−' ´3 S ‫وא‬ ;- ‫א‬
−|A Œ‫א‬
−O% t‫א‬
−‫א‬ - ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ &< ‫א‬ O ’< ‫א‬
% ‫א‬
ˆ Q % TY ¨ Q |M%
‫وع‬ A٢٦Q ‫دو‬
‫د‬ BG'2 , ’M%
‫ن‬ %‫ط‬ ’M%
−' ´‫אع‬ (! 7 ¬
‫אض‬ @(= 3
−‫א‬(‫א‬ ; Q & -, R F(n
−' ´3 S ‫א‬< ‫א‬ O% (‫א‬ ; & -, / C
' ;- ‫א‬A 0‫و‬' t‫א‬R YL' ;- ‫א‬
' ‫א‬ 5 ’ ‫א‬
b < ‫א‬ O% ;- ‫א‬ / Œ‫א‬
(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬ 3 S ‫א‬'™ ‫א‬..
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬.
|M%‫و‬ *‫„א‬Y! w TF0 C'O 7A‫א‬ 0> - ‫א‬‫אزن‬ < ‫א‬ — t 3 V .0‫و‬ ' ”5‫و‬
Mz T ‫א‬ BC‫و‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ > - ‫א‬t‫א‬.
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ƒ ; 3O% ‫م‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ * @& ‫א‬ O% A Š 5 0=‫א‬ yP
Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬
> 3|(.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬:
> - ‫א‬=n4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬...
Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬ Y %Y ‫א‬“‫و‬D‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63& -. ‫وא‬
‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬> - 3Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 Q0 . ‫و‬
D‫א‬5+& ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63> - ‫وא‬µ‫د‬ -% 74
:‚M& ‫א‬S ‫א‬> -−‚M& ‫א‬Y+.#=‫א‬
2-Y O R % @ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ ^FC> -2 ' @0‫و‬...‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž& -. ‫א‬Q5 0‫وא‬....‫ﺃﺷﺮﺡ‬
> - ‫وא‬BY‫א‬ % &3....Ž ‫ذ‬ R 4...
‫ن‬ G ‫א‬ Y %‫€אم‬Y=‫وא‬2@ ‫א‬ Y %‫و‬‫אد‬ -< =‫وא‬
& -. ‫א‬O%Bz‫!وא‬BY‫א‬ ‫א‬X ‫א‬5+ •4 0‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬))))‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬‫ﺑﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺲ‬((((
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
B& ‫و‬! O%‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
-|M%.0
‫א‬ Y
3 M ‫א‬F ‫وא‬
−BG'2z ” !
^ <’‰ 6 ‫ز‬ %
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ‬
−ˆ Q % TY ¨ Q |M%
‫وع‬ A
−‫د‬ BG'
n٤,٧‫ن‬ %
−*−b 0 7M%y ‫א‬' ;- ‫א‬
−*−' ´' ‫א‬ 5 ’ ‫א‬
−*−' ´b < ‫א‬ O% ;- ‫א‬ / Œ‫א‬
−*−' ´(‫א‬ t‫وא‬ 0 -M ‫وא‬ 3 S ‫א‬
-‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
−|M%‫و‬ *‫„א‬Y! w TF0 C
Mz T ‫א‬ BC‫و‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ > - ‫א‬
-‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﻛﺸﻌﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
O' –‫א‬Kn‫و‬Q ( ‫ص‬ t‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ MC ‫دא‬ %‫<„א‬ ‫א‬
7 ‫א‬ Y‫و‬> 3
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
١−9·FM0 v‫א‬> - ‫א‬
٢−Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬ Y %
٣−w < ‫א‬Y %‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬
٤−w ‫د‬Y ‫א‬D‫א‬
‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
−2-Y O R % @ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ' G ‫א‬ ^FC
−wM%‡‫א‬M G ‫א‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ Tž
−‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 5+ %> - ‫وא‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬‫ن‬ G ‫א‬ Y %
−Š' @0 Y %& -. ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
. ‫א‬Q:
Y %:
Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬
Y+.#‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ^' &0(
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20)‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
(
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬(
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬(
‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬(
5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M)‫ﲟﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬(
& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬)‫ﻧﺎﻗﺶ‬(
* <T'٦‫ط‬ @((
B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&)‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬(
B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬٢‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬(
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬(
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬(
4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ =n > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ FM0 v
* @< ‫א‬ C“nZ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫א‬Mz T ‫א‬ 7 ¬ 63t‫א‬
“nZ‫א‬
( (p‫א‬ t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C Š D % 0 & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ O% B&:
b % ¨ ‫ن‬ T' ‫ن‬ 3 ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ VC C t‫א‬ -@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ L
١٠
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬:
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 2 A 7”& -.w( C‫و‬. ‫א‬
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O m' t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 20 - ! O%
. ‫وא‬–‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬–Š' @< ‫وא‬ Q 9< ‫א‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
*******************
> - ‫א‬ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
' S > - ‫א‬ ^' &0Y+.#‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ^' &0
‫س‬ ( 3 „( M > ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93
> - ‫א‬ ' t ´D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M‰
ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20
Q-Y O ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ^FC> - ' F ‫א‬)‫ﲟﺜﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻞ‬(
6 M G ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬‫و‬ . ! B)›)‫ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬(
BY‫א‬ % Š¸ > - ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63 ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬ BY‫א‬ %)‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫א–ن‬ s X ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y %)‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
' t‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 2— 7% ! 3 . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y %m)‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)F- ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 V(‫א‬(
5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M
& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬
µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ @ & ‫א‬ T'=‫א‬ w&4‫و‬٠)‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬* <T'
B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&
-.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0@)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬
B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
B ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ B P‘‫א‬)‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
O% ' & ‫א‬ ” D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M% < =‫א‬)‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺯ‬
> - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( 5 ‫و‬ # & ‫وא‬ + ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 O °<()‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺢ‬
... :4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ =n > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ FM0 v
S ‫א‬Y+.#=‫وא‬> -‫ن‬ A‫%€אد‬
t‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬‫ع‬ —> - ‫א‬* @< ‫א‬ C
6 M G ‫א‬‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬ 7% B_ <'& -. ‫א‬
v & ‫א‬ <3 Š' @< ‫א‬ Y % w < ‫א‬& -. ‫א‬
y ‫א‬ 5n‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y“n‫م‬‫وא‬ ‫א‬
“nV P ‫א‬T'=‫א‬m' t‫א‬
5+& ‫א‬63‫+ق‬ D‫א‬> ‫وא‬
Q% < ‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬> - 3C* @<“n
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺐ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬(
M0 3 Y 7”( ‫!ن‬ S-M'B% & ‫א‬ (‫א‬ t‫א‬ ( &%
Q@' .3 1 G<' = ‫!ن‬ R ‫א‬ ‚ S-M'( (p‫א‬ t‫א‬ %‫א‬ C Š D % 0 & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ O% B&:
b % ¨ ‫ن‬ T' ‫ن‬ 3 ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ VC C t‫א‬ -@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ L
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
−‫ﺃﺧﱰ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
=Y ‫א‬X ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 2 A 7”
=ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O m' t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 20 - ! O%
)< ‫א‬–‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬. ‫وא‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
*******************
)١(> - ‫א‬ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
)٢(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰ‬)' S > - ‫א‬ ^' &0
)٣(‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫س‬ ( 3 „( M > ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93
)٤(‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬> - ‫א‬ ' t ´D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M‰
)٤(ƒ D‫א‬ Mz T ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ “n ‫ن‬ ' + ‫א‬ B& & -. ‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ' 20
)٥(Q-Y O ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ^FC
)٦(6 M G ‫א‬ M & -. ‫א‬
)٧(BY‫א‬ % Š¸ > - ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 63 ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬ BY‫א‬ %
)٨(‫א–ن‬ s X ‫א‬ Y ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y %
)٩(' t‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 2— 7% ! 3 . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y %
)١٠(‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
)١١(5+ ! |M% O% > - ‫א‬ &‰ O' # & ‫א‬ + ‫א‬ O% )C ‚M
)١٢(& M ‫א‬ V P ‫א‬ “n ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y y ‫א‬ 5n M M< ‫א‬
)١٣(µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ @ & ‫א‬ T'=‫א‬ w&4‫و‬
)١٤(B-@< ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ! ž R @0 + 5+ D‫א‬ > ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 B&
)١٥(-.< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬ > - ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0
)١٦(B-@< ‫א‬ B ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ C‹0 X ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ( 3 2&4‫و‬ X ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t‫א‬ %
)١٧(> - ‫א‬ ' ´ “n X ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ |M 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
)١٨(B ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ Q % TY S ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ B P‘‫א‬
)١٩(O% ' & ‫א‬ ” D‫א‬ ‫+م‬ ‫א‬ |M
)٢٠(> - ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( 5 ‫و‬ # & ‫وא‬ + ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 O °<(
)٢١(‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬... :
)١(‚M& ‫א‬S ‫א‬
)٢(± ‫!د‬t‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬
)٣(‫و‬ . !M6 M G ‫א‬
)٤(v & ‫א‬ <3 Š' @< ‫א‬ Y % w < ‫א‬
)٥(‫د‬M
)٦(<M'Š' (“n
)٧(B ¨‫א‬‫س‬ ( '5+& ‫א‬
)٨(Q% < ‫א‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬
)٢٢)(‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺐ‬
)١(M0 3 Y 7”( ‫!ن‬ S-M'
)٢(Q@' .3 1 G<' = ‫!ن‬ R ‫א‬ ‚ S-M'
)٣(b % ¨ ‫ن‬ T' ‫ن‬ 3 ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ VC C t‫א‬ -@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ L

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳉﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﳓﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ‬
<'‫و‬Ž ‫ذ‬:
^ <¢ B ‫دא‬ ‫א‬ |M< ‚& 0 X ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% d
'‫د‬ G<5‫وא‬ < ‫א‬ .F(! O% 23 /-0 ' %‫و‬ MT< ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ O'‫د‬ %M2%‫و‬..
‫م‬ % ‫ول‬D @ 0 - ‫א‬ - ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬ 5‫و‬١٩٧٠B-5 O%
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
' GG‘ 63 7 : ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫م‬ @< ‫א‬ B— ( (p‫א‬ ; ‫ل‬ > ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ 2- .<' X ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ ‰ & ¬ <20
- ‫وא‬ V. )' t‫א‬ MT< ‫وא‬ 1 & @& ‫وא‬ 7' ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﺯﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬..
V. ‫א‬ )' t‫א‬ MT< ‫وא‬ t‫א‬ ‫م‬..
‫א‬ V( “n O' ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫وא‬
/@A - ‫א‬ v 5+ ! ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ 5+ !.
20‫ذא‬ -. ‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ @ -.< ‫א‬ 5+ !..2 -0€ ‫א‬ +TF ‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬B)%:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬:
‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A O% ! ‫ع‬ A ‫!و‬ m;- ' : !
! mY -% _+_ “n T +T ‫א‬ @< ‫א‬:
A & ‫א‬ m;-% ‫!و‬‫ﺇﻛﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬@ ‫א‬ m;-% ‫!و‬
١١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
= d‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬<'‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬:-
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬:
^ <¢ B ‫دא‬ ‫א‬ |M< ‚& 0 X ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% d
'‫د‬ G<5‫وא‬ < ‫א‬ .F(! O% 23 /-0 ' %‫و‬ MT< ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ O'‫د‬ %
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫م‬ % ‫ول‬D @ 0 - ‫א‬ - ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬ 5‫و‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬‫אن‬ M&3 = @%‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻛﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬:‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬....‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬' GG‘ 63 7 : ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫م‬ @< ‫א‬ B— ( (p‫א‬ ; ‫ل‬ > ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ 2- .<' X ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ ‰ & ¬ <20
- ‫وא‬ V. )' t‫א‬ MT< ‫وא‬ 1 & @& ‫وא‬ 7' ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﺯﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
= ‰ /@A &<0 = Bz ‫א‬ yPV. ‫א‬ )' t‫א‬ MT< ‫وא‬ t‫א‬ ‫م‬
= ‰ &<0 ”'! B3B)% ƒ ! ':‫א‬‫א‬ V( “n O' ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫وא‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬:/@A - ‫א‬ v 5+ ! ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ 5+ !
20‫ذא‬ -. ‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ @ -.< ‫א‬ 5+ !
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
ƒ F- ‫א‬ • M< =‫وא‬ * •p‫א‬‫و‬‫!و‬ Y ‫א‬ B<@ ‫א‬...
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
−‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A O% ! ‫ع‬ A ‫!و‬ m;- ' : !
V Y Cp‫א‬ ‫و‬! mY -% _+_ “n T +T ‫א‬ @< ‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ m;-% ‫!و‬‫ﺍﺑﺴﺘﻮﻣﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬A & ‫א‬ m;-% ‫!و‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬= d
ً
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬
=١=‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬
^ <¢ B ‫دא‬ ‫א‬ |M< ‚& 0 X ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% d
'‫د‬ G<5‫وא‬ < ‫א‬ .F(! O% 23 /-0 ' %‫و‬ MT< ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ O'‫د‬ %
(())‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
T' %D‫א‬ v & ‫א‬‫ﺑﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬
^' &0‫ﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻛﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫م‬ @< ‫א‬ B— ( (p‫א‬ ; ‫ل‬ > ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ 2- .<' X ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ ‰ & ¬ <20
- ‫وא‬ V. )' t‫א‬ MT< ‫وא‬ 1 & @& ‫وא‬ 7' ‫א‬
*‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬:
١−‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﺯﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
٢−= ‰ /@A &<0 = Bz ‫א‬ yP
= ‰ &<0 ”'! B3
*‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬:20‫ذא‬ -. ‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ @ -.< ‫א‬ 5+ !
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
−ƒ F- ‫א‬ • M< =‫وא‬ * •p‫א‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬:–!−
V Y Cp‫א‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬‫د‬ ‫א‬ m;-% ‫!و‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‚@ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ y TA93:
@ 0 - F ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬32.3
X ‫א‬T ‫א‬ 2 ‫م‬ @'
-. ‫א‬ b žD‫א‬ . “n Q2 -M0/- ‫א‬
‫م‬ BTF3 & ‫א‬ * < ‫وא‬ b žD‫وא‬ ‫ص‬ BTF3
”'! 2 -@< % ‚ ‫و‬...
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ز‬ 3! + ‫وא‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬
T &5‫א‬ ‫وא‬ & ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻏﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﲡﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬B)%:
2 5‫و‬ ‫א‬ # O% ‫א‬P ‫و‬
‫ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺎﺡ‬../-0 0، {’F ‫وא‬ ‫א‬P 3
O% ‫א‬R 3، V 3 (D‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ,!= #‫وو‬
‫وא‬ ، ' t‫א‬ ± M- ‫وא‬ ، 9< ‫א‬ ‫م‬ Y D 3 ‫א‬ ‫و‬ %‫و‬ ، ‫ن‬ (¹ M ‫א‬ .' ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
• M< =‫وא‬ ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ T;< ‫وא‬.....، ¤‫א‬..
W' ‫وא‬ ( ( @ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫א‬ )0...
‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ ، O% ”< ‫وא‬ ، •% < ‫وא‬ ، ‫א‬ t‫وא‬ ,‫א‬ @U ‫א‬
‫א‬ &- ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ F5 M% ‫+ل‬ O% Ž ‫وذ‬ ، O'
-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ L = d _+_ 63 ‫א–ن‬ ‫ن‬ )Y - ‫א‬ „ U:
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
M& ‫א‬ |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ V(‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫وא‬ ' @0Q<@_ 7”' P ‫א‬
2 A » &' X ‫א‬.
١٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬..B)%:
‫ﻫﺎﻧ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬:
@, M ‫א‬ ¥‫א‬ Š 90
‚@ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ y TA93
−‚ C9A@ 0 - F ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬
> - ‫א‬ 5+ 93..
−y ' .0‫‹و‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2X ‫א‬
‚@ 0 - ‫א‬
−-. ‫א‬ b žD‫א‬ . “n Q2 -M0
‫م‬ BTF3 & ‫א‬ * < ‫وא‬ b žD‫وא‬ ‫ص‬ BTF3
( (p‫א‬ 4 Y ‚ ŠB3”'! 2 -@< % ‚ ‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬:
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬T &5‫א‬ ‫وא‬ & ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬
;4‫وא‬ # ‫ذو‬ ‫א‬P ‫و‬3"0 ¬™ ‫א‬"
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻏﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﲡﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫وא‬ ، V ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ، t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 %2 5‫و‬ ‫א‬ # O% ‫א‬P ‫و‬
‫ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺎﺡ‬
–‫א‬ 7% 5+& ‫وא‬ ، G ‫وא‬ ،‫د‬ ‫وא‬ ، ‫وא‬ ، t‫وא‬..
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬..O% ‫א‬R 3
‫وא‬ ، ' t‫א‬ ± M- ‫وא‬ ، 9< ‫א‬ ‫م‬ Y D 3 ‫א‬ ‫و‬ %‫و‬ ، ‫ن‬ (¹ M ‫א‬ .' ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
، R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫وز‬ ، Y ‫א‬• M< =‫وא‬ ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ T;< ‫وא‬
5+ ! Tun"W' ‫وא‬ ( ( @ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫א‬ )0
‫ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻯ‬‫ق‬ @Y‫و‬ ، O% ”< ‫وא‬ ، •% < ‫وא‬ ، ‫א‬ t‫وא‬ ,‫א‬ @U ‫א‬
F& ‫وא‬ Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫א‬ &- ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ F5 M% ‫+ل‬ O% Ž ‫وذ‬ ، O'
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬:
-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ L = d _+_ 63 ‫א–ن‬ ‫ن‬ )Y - ‫א‬ „ U
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬O%M& ‫א‬ |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ V(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬7%Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫وא‬ ' @0
Q (‫و‬ & ‫א‬ > ˆ‫א‬‫و‬+& ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬2 A » &' X ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
١−‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ‬
„SM < „C % Š !:
T ‫א‬ FM3 <2 ‫א‬
Q3 ^' &< ‫وא‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬
=‫ﺇﳒﺎﺯﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
١−@, M ‫א‬ ¥‫א‬ Š 90
@ 0 - ‫א‬ 3...
٢=^ 90 C F ‫وא‬
!@ 0 3 % ‫ول‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬
!−‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﻠﻲ‬‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ن‬ ‫א‬ R ” !..
*-‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬
، ‚@ 0 - ‫א‬;4‫وא‬ # ‫ذو‬ ‫א‬P ‫و‬
•-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻏﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﲡﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫وא‬ ، V ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ، t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 %
‫د‬-‫ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺎﺡ‬
–‫א‬ 7% 5+& ‫وא‬ ، G ‫وא‬ ،‫د‬ ‫وא‬ ، ‫وא‬ ، t‫وא‬
•-‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
“n‫وא‬ ، ' t‫א‬ ± M- ‫وא‬ ، 9< ‫א‬ ‫م‬ Y D 3 ‫א‬ ‫و‬ %‫و‬ ، ‫ن‬ (¹ M ‫א‬ .' ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
، R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫وز‬ ، Y ‫א‬
E .0"5+ ! Tun
‫و‬-‫ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻯ‬
F& ‫وא‬ Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
W' ‫وא‬ ( ( @ ‫وא‬.
ً
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬
-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ L = d _+_ 63 ‫א–ن‬ ‫ن‬ )Y - ‫א‬ „ U
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
١-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬:
*−‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬
V -. ‫א‬‫و‬Q (‫و‬ & ‫א‬ > ˆ‫א‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
Q @3" :2(!Q ‫א‬ ' % BT3 /-0 0
+TF%‫و‬ 5 A+< ‫وא‬ ± Tu‫و‬Ž ‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬ C R‫א‬‫م‬ %!
‚<Y ‫!و‬ ‫د‬ & ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F< =‫א‬ V0 T% ‫!و‬ ، & ‫א‬ 1 ¨ BT3 ‫!و‬ ، ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ '
7 <¥‫وא‬ V -. ‫وא‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬(w( C ‫وאن‬
2 R ”@ ‫א‬ C‫و‬ Q%=‡‫و‬ ;G ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ Y.
ˆ 4 % Q R‫„א‬ !‫و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ P’<0 X ‫א‬ & ‫א‬.
! ' ”5 b+_ M ‫ص‬ BTF3 1 5 ‫א‬ M%„ ':
C€F ‫א‬ 2<; G%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫אد‬ A! 7 ¬ ‫د‬ & @˜.
‫+ج‬ O% < ' š ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ -¨ '.
M&% ‚ ‫و‬ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 5+ D v & ‫א‬ ' ‫ن‬ ± M74 3
GG’< ‫א‬ 7 ¬ F- ‫א‬ ‚ * < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ ¼3 @ &< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ = C 0‫و‬ 3
G<’ ‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 2&”0 X ‫א‬ /. ‫وא‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ d
„ › ‫دون‬ ‫دو‬ ! 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ¥ 22 0‫و‬.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ‬:
‚ V S ‫א‬ 2< 0‫€א‬ n ‫م‬ @0‫و‬
% ;G ‫א‬ t‫א‬ 6 ˜‫و‬ V( O% ' t‫وא‬ ' 5 ‫א‬O‡ V(.
% ‫א‬ ' @0 <' 2- ‰ X ‫وא‬
MT , M% O% @..
1 , O% ' F3 ‫!و‬ '‫د‬ % ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % w( C R‫א‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬:
2<% 2 n ‫ل‬ C ‫א‬ |M< ‫א‬..
‚4 ‫א‬..
+& ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ Gt‫א‬
;G ‫א‬ „2 L 5+ D‫א‬ @ 3 7 ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ O% O@ < ‫وא‬R‫א‬
23 V +<3 ‫!و‬ @ ‫א‬ yP23 <'‫و‬ V +<'.
١٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬"‫ﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻔﻴﺪ‬"Q @3
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 O% -. ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫وא‬ R -,D‫א‬+TF%‫و‬ 5 A+< ‫وא‬ ± Tu‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬):7 <¥‫وא‬ V -. ‫وא‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬
@0‫و‬ ^ <‘‫و‬ ŠA M<0 1‫א‬ ,D‫א‬ yP BC:2 R ”@ ‫א‬ C‫و‬ Q%=‡‫و‬ ;G ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ Y
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬
b žD‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ V(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ 3ˆ 4 % Q R‫„א‬ !‫و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ P’<0 X ‫א‬ & ‫א‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬! ' ”5 b+_ M ‫ص‬ BTF3 1 5 ‫א‬ M%„ '
C€F ‫א‬ 2<; G%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫אد‬ A! 7 ¬ ‫د‬ & @˜
y 4 % R‫زא‬n V -. ‫א‬ > % ‫א‬ %.
O'P ‫א‬ ‚4 ‫א‬ V .%‫+ج‬ O% < ' š ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ -¨ '
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬M&% ‚ ‫و‬ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 5+ D v & ‫א‬ ' ‫ن‬ ± M
GG’< ‫א‬ 7 ¬ F- ‫א‬ ‚ * < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ ¼3 @ &< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ = C 0‫و‬ 3
‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ‫אع‬ (! ^ <¢‫و‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬:
G<’ ‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 2&”0 X ‫א‬ /. ‫وא‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ d
„ › ‫دون‬ ‫دو‬ ! 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ¥ 22 0‫و‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ;G - M ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ A 0 !‚ V S ‫א‬ 2< 0‫€א‬ n ‫م‬ @0‫و‬
% ;G ‫א‬ t‫א‬ 6 ˜‫و‬ V( O% ' t‫وא‬ ' 5 ‫א‬
;G ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 2 ‫א‬ % & ‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬% ‫א‬ ' @0 <' 2- ‰ X ‫وא‬
M% ! 6M,‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬MT , M% O% @.
‫&+ج‬ %‫+ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ A 0 ‚M&0‫و‬1 , O% ' F3 ‫!و‬ '‫د‬ % ‫د‬ ‫א‬ % w( C R‫א‬
G<’ ‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬ . ‫א‬..
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
A &%yP2<% 2 n ‫ل‬ C ‫א‬ |M< ‫א‬
%‫א‬ C ' ´‫و‬ ' Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬‫אد‬ AD‫א‬‚4 ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ µ‫د‬ -‰ 7 ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬+& ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ Gt‫א‬
5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬;G ‫א‬ „2 L 5+ D‫א‬ @ 3 7 ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ O% O@ < ‫وא‬
‫!و‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ % Tt‫א‬O% BC -5 &%‫و‬23 V +<3 ‫!و‬ @ ‫א‬ yP23 <'‫و‬ V +<'
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
*-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺩ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 O% -. ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ‫وא‬ R -,D‫א‬
Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫„ل‬M%"
*-‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬
@0‫و‬ ^ <‘‫و‬ ŠA M<0 1‫א‬ ,D‫א‬ yP BC
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
*-‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬
b žD‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ V(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ 3
*-‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬"‫ﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻔﻴﺪ‬"‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
!−C€F ‫א‬ 2<; G%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫אد‬ A! 7 ¬ ‫د‬ & @˜
*−y 4 % R‫زא‬n V -. ‫א‬ > % ‫א‬ %
•−O'P ‫א‬ ‚4 ‫א‬ V .%
*-‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
GG’< ‫א‬ 7 ¬ F- ‫א‬ ‚ * < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ ¼3 @ &< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ = C 0‫و‬ 3
‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ‫אع‬ (! ^ <¢‫و‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
*-‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬
G<’ ‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 2&”0 X ‫א‬ /. ‫وא‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ d
„ › ‫دون‬ ‫دو‬ ! 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ¥ 22 0‫و‬
*-‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ;G - M ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ A 0 !
% ;G ‫א‬ t‫א‬ 6 ˜‫و‬ V( O% ' t‫وא‬ ' 5 ‫א‬
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬:
!;G ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 2 ‫א‬ % & ‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬
M% ! 6M,‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬
‫ﺟـ‬-‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫&+ج‬ %‫+ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ A 0 ‚M&0‫و‬
G<’ ‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬ . ‫א‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
!−6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ YA &%
*−ƒ % O% @;< ‫א‬%‫א‬ C ' ´‫و‬ ' Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
‫ج‬−ƒ % O% @;< ‫א‬‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ µ‫د‬ -‰ 7 ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬−5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬
‫ع‬ .@ ‫א‬‫!و‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ % Tt‫א‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬:
B)% 5+ D‫وא‬ +TF ‫وא‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ 2— - ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 VY #:
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬:
‚M 3 ‫%<™ع‬ m _ 1 ,TF% E .' š ،
- ‫א‬ y ‫وא‬ ‚ 1 &< ‫א‬ Q@Y‫و‬.
& -. ‫א‬ * •p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ , S<3 &<0 +TF% O% QY .' %‫و‬
، ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫א‬ # M :=‫א‬ BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬..
M D‫א‬ O% { ’< ‫א‬ ‫و‬ F% ƒ %‫و‬ ، 2| Y ‫وط‬ u BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬
O% Ž ‫ذ‬ QY .' %‫و‬ ، & ‫א‬ m;- G G ' F3 M ! ‫ج‬ <(n BTF%‫و‬ ، ”z ‫א‬
% %D‫א‬ —‫و‬ ! ‫א‬ 2'‫0‹د‬ X ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬ ^z — ‫א‬ ƒ Yn ‫ن‬ 2<%‫א‬.
M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫ن‬ ‫„و‬ ‫א‬ Q ‫ض‬ &<' ‫!ن‬ B <† P ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א=3<„אز‬.
< =‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫!و‬ M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% R‫א‬ B . ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &<' 5
. _‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ % ‫!و‬ y F<3 Q<3 #n Y ‫ل‬ n O%...
، O' < ‫وא‬ 6s 3 @ &< ‫א‬ +TF ‫א‬ R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ز‬ E .'..
‫+ل‬S< + ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬ R ” D 3 :=‫א‬ TF% “n ‫د‬ @' š‫ن‬ 2<%=‫وא‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 5 & C Q -5
‫؟‬ BTC ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‰ B
‫؟‬ Q z —‫و‬ R‫!دא‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‫ع‬P ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ ¨ & ‫א‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‰ ‫!م‬
' . ‫وא‬ %D‫א‬ G5 3 - S ‫א‬ 63 „ < ‫א‬ TF% 0 -M
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ M.#=‫א‬ Bz ‫א‬ ‫(„ع‬ ‫و‬ F% ƒ % TF%‫و‬
‫؟‬ &% 2' ‫!م‬ M ‫א‬ ‫!م‬ ‫א‬ V( 3 &<0 B ‫ل‬ Y ‫و‬ 0‫و‬
%‫و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O% Y ‫!م‬ 20‫ذא‬ Q 5 ;
ˆ Tun 7 ¬ t‫א‬
7 ‫א‬ † T ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ž ;”< ‫א‬ OTU B ‫!م‬‫؟‬
% ; ' @0 Ž ‫ذ‬ B(..
‫د‬ 2' % BC O ‫ع‬ M<%=‫وא‬ M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Gt‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‫„م‬ < 0
١٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
B)% 5+ D‫وא‬ +TF ‫وא‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ 2— - ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 VY #
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ‬:2M% ' ”5 E .':
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
“n R ‫א‬ Y # ‫و‬‚M 3 ‫%<™ع‬ m _ 1 ,
B . ‫א‬ '- ‫א‬ y ‫وא‬ ‚ 1 &< ‫א‬ Q@Y‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺧﺼﺎﺏ‬& -. ‫א‬ * •p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ , S<3 &<0 +TF% O% QY .' %‫و‬
، ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫א‬ # M :=‫א‬ BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬
1 °'‫€و‬ ‫א‬ &3 # ‫و‬5 -& ‫א‬ ‚M% ± M-3.
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ %‫א‬ C ! -% 7% ‫ض‬ &0...
' ‰ &<0 BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬:
% %D‫א‬ —‫و‬ ! ‫א‬ 2'‫0‹د‬ X ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬ ^z — ‫א‬ ƒ Yn ‫ن‬ 2<%‫א‬
M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫ن‬ ‫„و‬ ‫א‬ Q ‫ض‬ &<' ‫!ن‬ B <† P ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א=3<„אز‬
< =‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫!و‬ M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% R‫א‬ B . ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &<' 5
. _‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ % ‫!و‬ y F<3 Q<3 #n Y ‫ل‬ n O%
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬:‫ل‬ Y ; <0:
، O' < ‫وא‬ 6s 3 @ &< ‫א‬ +TF ‫א‬ R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ز‬ E .'
‫ع‬ „ 3 @ ‫א‬ R ” D‫א‬ M3 /-0 ' % 2M% # ‫و‬...
‫+ل‬S< + ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬ R ” D 3 :=‫א‬ TF% “n ‫د‬ @' š
‫ل‬ Y A‫א‬ < ‫א‬ TF% ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ % E .'= :‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 5 & C Q -5
BG† ‚<% ' ˜‫و‬=‫؟‬ BTC ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‰ B
‫؟‬ Q z —‫و‬ R‫!دא‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‫ع‬P ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ ¨ & ‫א‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‰ ‫!م‬
‫א‬ t‫א‬ E .0' . ‫وא‬ %D‫א‬ G5 3 - S ‫א‬ 63 „ < ‫א‬ TF% 0 -M
‫؟‬ ‫ع‬ + ‫א‬ .@( “n w #‫و‬ X ‫א‬ %D‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ M.#=‫א‬ Bz ‫א‬ ‫(„ع‬ ‫و‬ F% ƒ % TF%‫و‬
‫؟‬ &% 2' ‫!م‬ M ‫א‬ ‫!م‬ ‫א‬ V( 3 &<0 B ‫ل‬ Y ‫و‬ 0‫و‬
B m Y O%%‫و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O% Y ‫!م‬ 20‫ذא‬ Q 5 ;
@( ‫אن‬ V8 X ‫א‬ t‫א‬ (..Bˆ Tun 7 ¬ t‫א‬
7 ‫א‬ † T ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ž ;”< ‫א‬ OTU B ‫!م‬
6 F ‫وא‬ M D‫א‬ * < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ n)% ; ' @0 Ž ‫ذ‬ B
‫د‬ 2' % BC O ‫ع‬ M<%=‫وא‬ M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Gt‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‫„م‬ < 0
( (p‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ S0 b‫א‬ Yn ‫!و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ %‫א‬ C..
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
B)% 5+ D‫وא‬ +TF ‫وא‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ 2— - ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 VY #
١-‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
“n R ‫א‬ Y # ‫و‬
B . ‫א‬ '
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺧﺼﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﲎ‬
، ƒ F- ‫א‬ ‫א‬ # M :=‫א‬ BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬
1 °'‫€و‬ ‫א‬ &3 # ‫و‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺔ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ %‫א‬ C ! -% 7% ‫ض‬ &0
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ‬
' ‰ &<0 BC F% O% QY .0 %‫و‬
=% %D‫א‬ —‫و‬ ! ‫א‬ 2'‫0‹د‬ X ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬ ^z — ‫א‬ ƒ Yn ‫ن‬ 2<%‫א‬
=M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫ن‬ ‫„و‬ ‫א‬ Q ‫ض‬ &<' ‫!ن‬ B <† P ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א=3<„אز‬
=< =‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% ‫!و‬ M4 t‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬ 1 , O% R‫א‬ B . ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &<' 5
. _‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ % ‫!و‬ y F<3 Q<3 #n Y ‫ل‬ n O%
٢-‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
، O' < ‫وא‬ 6s 3 @ &< ‫א‬ +TF ‫א‬ R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ز‬ E .'
‫ع‬ „ 3 @ ‫א‬ R ” D‫א‬ M3 /-0 ' % 2M% # ‫و‬
‫+ل‬S< + ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬ R ” D 3 :=‫א‬ TF% “n ‫د‬ @' š
‫ﻣﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬
‫ل‬ Y A‫א‬ < ‫א‬ TF% ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ % E .'
=BG† ‚<% ' ˜‫و‬
=‫؟‬ Q z —‫و‬ R‫!دא‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‫ع‬P ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ ¨ & ‫א‬ ‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ ‰ ‫!م‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ t‫א‬ E .0
‫؟‬ ‫ع‬ + ‫א‬ .@( “n w #‫و‬ X ‫א‬ %D‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ M.#=‫א‬ Bz ‫א‬ ‫(„ع‬ ‫و‬ F% ƒ % TF%‫و‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫؟‬ &% 2' ‫!م‬ M ‫א‬ ‫!م‬ ‫א‬ V( 3 &<0 B ‫ل‬ Y ‫و‬ 0‫و‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬
B m Y O%
@( ‫אن‬ V8 X ‫א‬ t‫א‬ (
7 ‫א‬ † T ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ž ;”< ‫א‬ OTU B ‫!م‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬:6 F ‫وא‬ M D‫א‬ * < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ n
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬:‫د‬ 2' % BC O ‫ع‬ M<%=‫وא‬ M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Gt‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‫„م‬ < 0
( (p‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ S0 b‫א‬ Yn ‫!و‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ %‫א‬ C

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬:' A <0‫و‬:
‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ ' ž /-0 0=,n ‫ج‬ M' 6Y # ‫و‬
5+ ‫ذא‬ 1‫א‬ ! 23 /-0 ' ‫!ن‬ OTU %‫و‬"B M ‫א‬ 6 ;<3"
# V <T' ‚<%‫و‬"{’F ‫א‬"
7 <¥‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% &% 25 @Y ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬:
R F(n Š ! 74‫و‬ 6Y ‫אس‬ t‫א‬ @-, ,n B M ‫א‬ |M0 TA
‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳔﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺎﺩ‬
%!‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬٣٠-٥٠
، ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬Y _‡ Q(93 Q 2<M A
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬Ž PC‫و‬ ،
@ ‫وא‬ ‫ل‬x < ‫א‬ 74 % ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ % ‫ن‬ &”'.
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬‫ص‬ ’uD‫א‬ •GM'‫و‬
{; ‫א‬ Y =n ‫ض‬ 2 p‫א‬ B-@' = 2A Ž PC‫و‬ * •p‫א‬ ‫م‬ &3 _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ % Y
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬:
‫ل‬ 20 _n‫و‬ 20 .© „ <0 X ‫א‬ +TF ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ Mˆ‫א‬ M@0 ‚ V0€'
1 &' P ‫وא‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ B% C ‫א‬ 3 &<
. ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D 3‫و‬ ‫ن‬ (p 3 O Y! A &% @˜ ‫م‬ M ‫א‬ ! O% ¨ ‫א‬ ‚
ˆ ; M ‫א‬ '‫دو‬D‫א‬ ‫אد‬ n B2 š 2M > ‫א‬ M ‫وא‬ y‫د‬ 20 X ‫א‬
2M%‫و‬ ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ! Ž:
;G ‫א‬ -@< % ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 1 &' ‫!ن‬ ( T%n B) <'‫و‬
. ‫ض‬ ‰ * G Q(‫א‬ ‫ذא‬n‫دون‬ ‫د‬ w5‫و‬
١٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
+TF% B M ‫א‬ |M0 E .':=‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ ' ž /-0 0
=5+ ‫ذא‬ 1‫א‬ ! 23 /-0 ' ‫!ن‬ OTU %‫و‬
&<0 BC F% ‫ض‬ 2 p‫א‬ E .':−6M ‫א‬ &4 3−# V <T' ‚<%‫و‬
‫م‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% 6M ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬−7 <¥‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% &% 25 @Y ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
R F(n Š ! 74‫و‬ 6Y ‫אس‬ t‫א‬ @-, ,n B M ‫א‬ |M0 TA
‫ل‬ @A‫و‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬‫ﺑﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ‬:‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳔﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬.
‫ﻟﻺﳒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬- M 3 2A‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎء‬٢٠-٤٠%!
، ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
، Q Ÿ†‫و‬ B M ‫א‬ 6 ˜ Q 2' ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫ن‬ C ‫ذא‬n..
# & ‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ A"‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬
2(D:@ ‫وא‬ ‫ل‬x < ‫א‬ 74 % ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ % ‫ن‬ &”'
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬
B . ‫א‬ ; G ' ‫و‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'‫و‬ ، W M ‫א‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
< ‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‚ 2 ! • 4 0 OTU X ‫وא‬:
_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬‫א‬1 &' P ‫وא‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ B% C ‫א‬ 3 &<
3 ‫א‬ G< ‫א‬DNA...
+TF ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ± M ‫!ن‬ =nA 2Y .' X ‫א‬2M%‫و‬ ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ! Ž
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬:;G ‫א‬ -@< % ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 1 &' ‫!ن‬ ( T%n B) <'‫و‬
2 ! °z <( Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ V0€'‫و‬:
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ Y *‫א‬ .4‫א‬#. ‫ض‬ ‰ * G Q(‫א‬ ‫ذא‬n
Q + ( T%n A <0 ‫!ن‬.
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٣-‫ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬
:+TF% B M ‫א‬ |M0 E .'
‫و‬ ‫א‬ 7' F%=
‫ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺽ‬
&<0 BC F% ‫ض‬ 2 p‫א‬ E .'
−‫م‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% 6M ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫ض‬ &0‫و‬
‫ﺃ‬.‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬:
‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫אود‬R F(n Š ! 74‫و‬ 6Y ‫אس‬ t‫א‬ @-, ,n B M ‫א‬ |M0 TA
Q<M' %4 ‫א‬‫ل‬ @A‫و‬
−‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮﻥ‬
−' ˜ C!‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬
#−%!‫ﻟﻺﳒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
#−، ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ O' ‫א‬..
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺏ‬.‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬:
−، Q Ÿ†‫و‬ B M ‫א‬ 6 ˜ Q 2' ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫ن‬ C ‫ذא‬n
=*# & ‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ A
‫א‬ |( • M< =‫א‬2(D
=*7M%‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺰ‬
B . ‫א‬ ; G ' ‫و‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'‫و‬ ، W M ‫א‬
ً
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
< ‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‚ 2 ! • 4 0 OTU X ‫وא‬
١-
‫ﺍﳉﻴﻨﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬
*‫ﻫﻮ‬_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وع‬ A Y‫א‬
3 ‫א‬ G< ‫א‬
*+TF ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ ± M ‫!ن‬ =n
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬*‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
2 ! °z <( Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ V0€'‫و‬
=١=‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ Y *‫א‬ .4‫א‬
Q + ( T%n A <0 ‫!ن‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫+ل‬S< =‫وא‬ M# @ ‫א‬ & ‫אد‬ AD 3 # ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &01 , O%
‫ع‬ ( O% ' GM 2 R M3 ‫س‬ › ‫!ن‬ OTU X ‫א‬ B SF< ‫א‬ V0 T%‫و‬ 6% < ‫א‬ C u
O% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬ O% . ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D 3 3 #p 3 O'‫د‬ 2 R G5n‫و‬ '
! @ ‫א‬ * & ‫א‬ Ÿ&-3 2<3 #n 75 < ‫א‬ #‫و‬...* - D‫א‬ Q 0D ‫!و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﳐﺰﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬:' ‫و‬:
5+ L ( ‫א‬ ' F< =‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ” ‫و‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ v(
‫ل‬ d ‫א‬P 3‫و‬ ‫م‬ › ' 5 A‡ •< 0 z Yp‫א‬ MT< ‫א‬"‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬"P ‫א‬
| ‫م‬ @0 ‫و‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% 6&% ‫ض‬ ‰ 3 #p‫א‬ 3 5 M ‚ 1 &< 3 • '
b ; W @' { ’F0 ‫א–ن‬ ‚<Y ' = ‫ذ‬n
O% ' 5 ‫א‬ ( T%n ‚ V S ‫א‬ @3 , ’ ‫א‬ A &% ‫ن‬ T< Ž ‫ذ‬ “n A 4p 3‫و‬
O' )T ‫א‬ B-5 O% B-@< ‫א‬ 5+ D‫وא‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ BC F ‫א‬ ).
7% Q M< ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ Oz T ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ( O% _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ P ‫א‬
7% _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ °%‫د‬ <'‫و‬ ŠM ‫א‬ Š ( O%
Y 2 @( Ž ‫ذ‬ &3 <'‫و‬ -< ‫א‬ 3 -(! ‫ع‬ „0‫و‬ 3 2C 0 . ‫א‬ 3 ”' - ‫א‬
¨ ‫د‬ &<% BC F% Q V0€' P ‫وא‬‫ل‬ Y ; <0 5 - %:
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ‬:
‫ع‬ ( ' ˜ t‫א‬ O%‫و‬
* 5D 3 ‫!و‬ ‫وع‬ 3 ‫!و‬ ‫ل‬ #D 3 R‫א‬ 2.3 0 X ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬.
‫م‬D‫א‬ ‫!و‬ *D‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ “n ‫א‬P2C .0 B— Y +A
......y ¨‫و‬.
..ŠM ‫א‬ O * •p‫א‬ BG
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻘﺪ‬.
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' Y ‚ 5+,n ‫ل‬ -@% ¨ ً' &0 &' • M< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n...‫ن‬ (n ! G% Š
# ‫ل‬ -@ M d™% M¨ %‫د‬ w( C O> ‫و‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ W3 7 < ‰ A @_ Q G0 3 =n G ‫א‬ yP V <T' = Q( A ' F- ‫א‬......
Q<%‫א‬ C W ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ƒ % „ ‫א‬ ‚ ‫وא‬ <&' =! Qz ‫و‬ _‫א‬.(((
5+ ‫ذא‬ 5+ ! ' &% 74‫و‬ ‚
١٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫+ل‬S< =‫وא‬ M# @ ‫א‬ & ‫אد‬ AD 3 # ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &0
¨‫و‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ” ‫وא‬ ^ — < ‫وא‬ 6% < ‫א‬.
:! @ ‫א‬ * & ‫א‬ Ÿ&-3 2<3 #n 75 < ‫א‬ #
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﳐﺰﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ‫+ج‬=٢=@& ‫א‬ ‚ R ”@ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ @')‫ﻛﺎﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﺎﻝ‬) (5+ L ( ‫א‬ ' F< =‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ” ‫و‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ v
‫ل‬ d ‫א‬P 3‫و‬ ‫م‬ › ' 5 A‡ •< 0 z Yp‫א‬ MT< ‫א‬
| ‫م‬ @0 ‫و‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% 6&% ‫ض‬ ‰ 3 #p‫א‬ 3 5 M ‚ 1 &< 3 • '
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ود‬ ‫و‬ - (b ; W @' { ’F0 ‫א–ن‬ ‚<Y ' = ‫ذ‬n
2< &%‫و‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬
O' )T ‫א‬ B-5 O% B-@< ‫א‬ 5+ D‫وא‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ BC F ‫א‬ )
7% Q M< ‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ Oz T ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ( O% _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ P ‫א‬
O% ¨ %‫א‬‫א‬ MO%Oz C7% _‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ °%‫د‬ <'‫و‬ ŠM ‫א‬ Š ( O%
Y 2 @( Ž ‫ذ‬ &3 <'‫و‬ -< ‫א‬ 3 -(! ‫ع‬ „0‫و‬ 3 2C 0 . ‫א‬ 3 ”' - ‫א‬
' - ‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬....¨ ‫د‬ &<% BC F% Q V0€' P ‫وא‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ‬
‫وאن‬D‫א‬ B-5 ‚ ‫دو‬ &M ‫א‬ % V- 0 P ‫א‬.
‫ﳑﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ع‬ ( ' ˜ t‫א‬ O%‫و‬
* 5D 3 ‫!و‬ ‫وع‬ 3 ‫!و‬ ‫ل‬ #D 3 R‫א‬ 2.3 0 X ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬‫ﺔ‬‫م‬D‫א‬ ‫!و‬ *D‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ “n ‫א‬P2C .0 B— Y +A
‫ﺇﻟﻐﺎء‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬‫„وאج‬ ‫وא‬ b p‫وא‬ % %D‫وא‬ z & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 %......
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬‫אض‬ @(= 3‫و‬ - ‫א‬ @ 3..
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻘﺪ‬
‫ل‬ @'"‫ﻛﺎﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﺎﻝ‬"‫9ن‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬P:
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' Y ‚ 5+,n ‫ل‬ -@% ¨ ً' &0 &' • M< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
A & B3 5 ¨ %‫دو‬ M A Q0 M..# ‫ل‬ -@ M d™% M¨ %‫د‬ w( C O> ‫و‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ W3 7 < ‰ A @_ Q G0 3 =n G ‫א‬ yP V <T' = Q( A ' F- ‫א‬
Q<%‫א‬ C W ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ƒ % „ ‫א‬ ‚ ‫وא‬ <&' =! Qz ‫و‬ _‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬:
6G<’ ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 B &'–R -,D‫א‬ ¨ 2 A O‰–5+ ‫ذא‬ 5+ ! ' &% 74‫و‬ ‚
< ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O% 2; 4 0 OTU X ‫وא‬ ، ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3:
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‬
=٢=‫+ل‬S< =‫وא‬ M# @ ‫א‬ & ‫אد‬ AD 3 # ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ &0
¨‫و‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ” ‫وא‬ ^ — < ‫وא‬ 6% < ‫א‬
*‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺽ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬*‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﳐﺰﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
=١=_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ‫+ج‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬:‫ل‬ @'
‫ن‬n‫ل‬ d ‫א‬P 3‫و‬ ‫م‬ › ' 5 A‡ •< 0 z Yp‫א‬ MT< ‫א‬
| ‫م‬ @0 ‫و‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% 6&% ‫ض‬ ‰ 3 #p‫א‬ 3 5 M ‚ 1 &< 3 • '
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
2< &%‫و‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬O' )T ‫א‬ B-5 O% B-@< ‫א‬ 5+ D‫وא‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ BC F ‫א‬ )
٢-
‫ا‬‫ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬:
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬
”' 3O% ¨ %
Y 2 @( Ž ‫ذ‬ &3 <'‫و‬ -< ‫א‬ 3 -(! ‫ع‬ „0‫و‬ 3 2C 0 . ‫א‬ 3 ”' - ‫א‬
' - ‫א‬ ‫م‬D‫א‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
١-‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ‬
‫وאن‬D‫א‬ B-5 ‚ ‫دو‬ &M ‫א‬ % V- 0 P ‫א‬
٢-‫ﳑﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬
* 5D 3 ‫!و‬ ‫وع‬ 3 ‫!و‬ ‫ل‬ #D 3 R‫א‬ 2.3 0 X ‫א‬ 5+& ‫א‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬
‫ﺇﻟﻐﺎء‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
٤-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬
٥-‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬:‫ل‬ @'
))‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' Y ‚ 5+,n ‫ل‬ -@% ¨ ً' &0 &' • M< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
A & B3 5 ¨ %‫دو‬ M A Q0 M
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ W3 7 < ‰ A @_ Q G0 3 =n G ‫א‬ yP V <T' = Q( A ' F- ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‚ ‫ن‬nQ<%‫א‬ C W ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ƒ % „ ‫א‬ ‚ ‫وא‬ <&' =! Qz ‫و‬ _‫א‬
‫ﺳﺎ‬‫ﺩﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬
=*6G<’ ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 B &'
< ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O% 2; 4 0 OTU X ‫وא‬ ، ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
، ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ A F<C=‫א‬ ' ”5 B ;<3 ‫م‬ @0 % M&A
‫؟‬ 23 ‫ون‬ _9< ^ C‫و‬ ‫؟‬ 23 _9<' O%
‚ ' % V .<' 2@ -.0‫و‬ ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ b žD‫א‬ R‫א‬ n ‫ن‬n"‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬"
6 % ‫א‬ ( T' ‫39ن‬ ‚4 E 3 6)Y - ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R -,D‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ^G' • .G% ‫و‬
b žD‫א‬ C F ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ 2( @ <' X ‫א‬ ' 3 &<' A 6.F(.
;G ' ‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ - .< ‫א‬ O% 2 ‫وא‬ E GAp‫א‬
< ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @@†‫و‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬:
& ‫وא‬ M< ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ C F%
;G ‫א‬ ' 3 @ &< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫د‬ 0 < % 5+ % 5n ‚63 @)
» & ‫א‬ - -,‫و‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬
−‫ذ‬ ‘‫وא‬‫زא‬p 3 8‫א‬ ‫א‬ .
O% BC ‚ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ yP -.0
;G ‫א‬ &0A M &3 Ÿ' ‫א‬
_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% ' 5 ‫وא‬ % ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ;A T%‫+ل‬ O% #
TC 7 <¥‫א‬ B F Q5 .( 7 0 &3B
‫א‬ Ÿ' 3 ƒ‫!ذ‬ ‫!و‬ 4 ‫ق‬ tn V- < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚M&0‫و‬‫ل‬ ¹ <( ‫!و‬.
.’ ‡ ‫ن‬ (n Ÿ' &<3 ‫ن‬ (n ‫م‬ @' ‫!ن‬ ‫ل‬ p‫א‬ B @0 O%
VM: ‚ ‚M-% ' &% -.0
‫!ن‬ =n ،‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ O M' ! - ‫א‬ ‫א‬P
2M ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫د‬ &3n‫و‬
y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬ O &- ‫وא‬ Q3 # ‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ T;< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Y ‚M&0‫و‬.
@ ‫א‬ Ž <U Q(‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ +@< = M%‫€א‬Y‫א‬ ‚M&' ;G ‫א‬ ' 3 @ &< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ A
‫ون‬ 3‫و‬ %LT;<0 5 ‫א‬ _90
B&
‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ 3 ‫ن‬ % &' ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ن‬ C ‫ن‬ 4 ‚M&0
O' ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ & ‫وא‬ ، ŠM ‫א‬ O |M ‫א‬ ŸS3 ، 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫אد‬ A! 7 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ A <0 B OT ‫و‬
t‫א‬ ‫د‬ O% O ˜ ‫!ن‬ 2( u O% X ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ M@< ‫א‬ “n ‫ل‬ # ‫א‬ '‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ t‫وא‬
١٧
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
، ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ A F<C=‫א‬ ' ”5 B ;<3 ‫م‬ @0 % M&A
6 < ‫א‬ 6 ‫‹א‬ ‫א‬ E .( ‫!ن‬ M:‫؟‬ 23 ‫ون‬ _9< ^ C‫و‬ ‫؟‬ 23 _9<' O%
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
‚ ' % V .<' 2@ -.0‫و‬ ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ b žD‫א‬ R‫א‬ n ‫ن‬n
b žD‫א‬ C F ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ 2( @ <' X ‫א‬ ' 3 &<' A 6.F(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
Ÿ' ‫א‬/± F ‫א‬
m;- 3 G ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ % & 3
mY - ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ B-5 O%
;G ' ‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ - .< ‫א‬ O% 2 ‫وא‬ E GAp‫א‬
< ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @@†‫و‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬
=‫ﻳﺸﺠﻊ‬& ‫وא‬ M< ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ C F%
;G ‫א‬ ' 3 @ &< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
=‫ﻳﺸﺠﻊ‬‫א‬ ‫د‬ 0 < % 5+ % 5n ‚
» & ‫א‬ - -,‫و‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬
QC‫א‬ ‫د‬n‫و‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‚ ‫و‬
2 BGY X ‫א‬ % &
Ÿ' ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ Q A % B&A
;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0Ÿ' & M% ‫ذא‬.−
Ÿ' ‫א‬ B C O ” ‫א‬−‫!ن‬ V8 Ž ‫ذ‬ @;< ‫و‬O% BC ‚ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ yP -.0
B C 7 <¥‫א‬ ; G% @;< ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬.−‫ل‬ )%:;G ‫א‬ &0
_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% ' 5 ‫وא‬ % ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ;A T%
Q ( 1 2 @@ Y @ ‫א‬ -.0‫و‬ b žD‫א‬TC 7 <¥‫א‬ B F Q5 .( 7 0 &3
‫א‬ Ÿ' 3 ƒ‫!ذ‬ ‫!و‬ 4 ‫ق‬ tn V- < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚M&0‫و‬
Q(‫א‬ ™<&( O;MA.’ ‡ ‫ن‬ (n Ÿ' &<3 ‫ن‬ (n ‫م‬ @' ‫!ن‬ ‫ل‬ p‫א‬ B @0 O%
‫دאع‬ ‫دون‬ ‫!و‬ ™% ¨ G3.
( ( @ ‫وא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' & A0 7 <VM: ‚ ‚M-% ' &% -.0
‚(‫د‬D‫א‬ t‫א‬ “n Q @0 ‫!و‬ F- 3 ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ tn ..
•4‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% Q(‫א‬ ¨ 3‫و‬B& 3 7@0 -. ‫א‬ R . D‫א‬ ‫!ن‬‫!ن‬ =n ،
4 % ' ž ;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ % @% B-5 O% z -%2M ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫د‬ &3n‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬:
y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬ O &- ‫وא‬ Q3 # ‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ T;< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Y ‚M&0‫و‬
@ ‫א‬ Ž <U Q(‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ +@< = M%‫€א‬Y‫א‬ ‚M&' ;G ‫א‬ ' 3 @ &< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ A
2A‫و‬ ‚ ‫و‬ O ‫و‬ Q0‫אد‬ n Ÿ;‰ ‫ل‬ &A93 ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ ‚‫ون‬ 3‫و‬ %L
‫و‬ t‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ y‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬‫אد‬ p‫א‬B&
−‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ 3 ‫ن‬ % &' ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ 7 ¬ ‫ن‬ C ‫ن‬ 4 ‚M&0
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻭﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬، ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ A F<C=‫א‬ ' ”5 B ;<3 ‫م‬ @0 % M&A
6 < ‫א‬ 6 ‫‹א‬ ‫א‬ E .( ‫!ن‬ M
ً
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
‚ ' % V .<' 2@ -.0‫و‬ ' F- ‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 @ &< ‫א‬ b žD‫א‬ R‫א‬ n ‫ن‬n
b žD‫א‬ C F ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ 2( @ <' X ‫א‬ ' 3 &<' A 6.F(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
١-
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬Ÿ' ‫א‬
m;- 3 G ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ % & 3
mY - ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ B-5 O%
٢-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬QC‫א‬ ‫د‬n‫و‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‚ ‫و‬
2 BGY X ‫א‬ % &
١-‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬:−Ÿ' ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ Q A % B&A
−‫!ن‬ ‫و‬ 4‫و‬;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0
Ÿ' ‫א‬ B C O ” ‫א‬
B C 7 <¥‫א‬ ; G% @;< ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬
2% -,‫!ن‬ C ،_‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ O% ' 5 ‫وא‬ % ‫אض‬ %D‫א‬ ;A T%
Q ( 1 2 @@ Y @ ‫א‬ -.0‫و‬ b žD‫א‬
٢-‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﳊﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬:‫א‬ Ÿ' 3 ƒ‫!ذ‬ ‫!و‬ 4 ‫ق‬ tn V- < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚M&0‫و‬
−. -% G3‫و‬Q(‫א‬ ™<&( O;MA
‫دאع‬ ‫دون‬ ‫!و‬ ™% ¨ G3
−( ( @ ‫وא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' & A
‚(‫د‬D‫א‬ t‫א‬ “n Q @0 ‫!و‬ F- 3 ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ tn .
−•4‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% Q(‫א‬ ¨ 3‫و‬
4 % ' ž ;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ % @% B-5 O% z -%
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬
−y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬ O &- ‫وא‬ Q3 # ‫א‬ ;G ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ T;< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Y ‚M&0‫و‬
−@ ‫א‬ Ž <U Q(‫א‬ Ÿ' ‫א‬ +@< = M%‫€א‬Y‫א‬ ‚M&' ;G ‫א‬ ' 3 @ &< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ A
2A‫و‬ ‚ ‫و‬ O ‫و‬ Q0‫אد‬ n Ÿ;‰ ‫ل‬ &A93 ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ ‚
٤-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬:−

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
y ‫א‬ 5 ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5 {’F ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T'‫ن‬ F3‚ QMT B
‚ ‫د‬ 5 ¨ QMT&<' A y ‫א‬ 5 ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬
½, mž C F ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R‫دوא‬ ‫ول‬ M<3.
ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ tn ‫م‬ &3 Bz @ ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ! - A‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ O% 6 ‹ ‫א‬ ¨ ‫ص‬ ’uD‫א‬ ' ´
، ƒ‫ذ‬L 24 &0 ‫!ن‬ 2( u O% X ‫א‬‫ﺃﻭ‬v X ‫א‬ Ž 0‫א‬ ( T'
A C 3‫و‬ 6 ‹% ‫א‬ ( C ‫وא‬P’<...
20‫אد‬ n ‫ض‬ A ‚ O' –‫א‬ 5
V +< ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬ ‫!و‬ @ 3 Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‚M 2 ‫א‬ O%‫و‬
V <' Q(‫א‬ M 4 ‚M&' = . ‫א‬ V .%
; GM ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -@3 Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ M5n O ‫ع‬ M<%=‫א‬ V -. ‫א‬ ‚.
‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ;G 5+ ! - .<% 2( C
‫ذא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬
‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ @ ‫وא‬ ، +@< =‫وא‬ ' t‫א‬ B)% ، G ‫א‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬.7 ‫وא‬ ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ v ‫=ن‬
63 * •p‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d Q 5+ ! /3‫א‬ 4 0 = Q(D
-M ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ‫אن‬ t 3 ”' • M< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺎﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬w3 _ 7' F0 ‫د‬ †
O =‫و‬ 2( MY‫و‬ Q%! O ‚MS< ' ‫!ن‬ OTU +A
Q@' , 93 • M< =‫א‬ ' ˜‫و‬ ŸA ‚ '‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ '‫د‬D‫א‬ <0 Ž P ‫و‬ Q<' ‫و‬ Q 3!
‫+ل‬ O% Q; 4 0 OTU‫و‬:
'+ ƒ Yn O% B#D‫א‬ -, Q’ ( ‫ج‬ <(n ¾‫و‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' ‰ -M ‫א‬ ‚ Q@ -.0 ‫אز‬ 7% ‫אن‬ t‫وא‬.
Q@ -.0 ‫אز‬ 7% ‫وط‬ F3 OT ‫و‬ F- ‫א‬ ‚ • M< =‫א‬ -.0 OTU
y ‫دو‬ 93 Q M<5‫א‬ ‚ R M3 b žD‫א‬ C F.
١٨
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬،
V5‫א‬ & ‫א‬ ±‫א‬ ‫د‬n ‚ ‫و‬
&5 < ‫א‬ @& ‫א‬
‫!و‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫ذ‬ ‘=
y‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‫م‬
y ‫א‬ 5 ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5 {’F ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T'
‫ل‬ ) ‫א‬ B -‚ ‫د‬ 5 ¨ QMT
½, mž C F ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ R‫دوא‬ ‫ول‬ M<3
ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ tn ‫م‬ &3 Bz @ ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ! - A
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ O% 6 ‹ ‫א‬ ¨ ‫ص‬ ’uD‫א‬ ' ´
، ƒ‫ذ‬L 24 &0 ‫!ن‬ 2( u O% X ‫א‬
A C 3‫و‬ 6 ‹% ‫א‬ ( C ‫وא‬P’<
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻼﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬‫!و‬
b žD‫א‬ Q<C F%
‫!ن‬ ‫دون‬ M ‫א‬
‫א‬ _90 'D ‫ض‬ &<'
‫!و‬ ‫دא‬ ‫ط‬ S4 ‫!و‬
‫ع‬ ( ! O%
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬B F020‫אد‬ n ‫ض‬ A ‚ O' –‫א‬ 5
V +< ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬ ‫!و‬ @ 3 Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‚
‫!ن‬ ‚ C9< ‫א‬V <' Q(‫א‬ M 4 ‚M&' = . ‫א‬ V .%
; GM ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -@3 Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ M5n O ‫ع‬ M<%=‫א‬ V -. ‫א‬ ‚
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﺒﻊ‬‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ;G 5+ ! - .<% 2( C
A‫א‬ 3.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ‬‫ذא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬
‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ @ ‫وא‬ ، +@< =‫وא‬ ' t‫א‬ B)% ، G ‫א‬
G’F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
E -% Y M ‫א‬ yP O% Q A 1 G< ‫وא‬.63 * •p‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d Q 5+ ! /3‫א‬ 4 0 = Q(D
C (‫א‬ t‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
Q ‫د‬ 5 = ”'! -M ‫א‬ Q@ -.0‫ذא‬n =n-M ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ‫אن‬ t 3 ”' • M< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ”' ‫!و‬ z A S3
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺎﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫א‬ ‫ط‬ 3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ 4 “n '.O =‫و‬ 2( MY‫و‬ Q%! O ‚MS< ' ‫!ن‬ OTU +A
& -, ¨ y G3 F- ‫א‬ _ T< ‫א‬ “n ƒ‫0‹د‬Q...‫+ل‬ O% Q; 4 0 OTU‫و‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬'+ ƒ Yn O% B#D‫א‬ -, Q’ ( ‫ج‬ <(n ¾‫و‬
F- ‫א‬ O% Ž ‫ذ‬ B ( T%n ‫ل‬ Y m' t‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3..
‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎ‬..6Y A‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' ‰ -M ‫א‬ ‚ Q@ -.0 ‫אز‬ 7% ‫אن‬ t‫وא‬
‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬Q@ -.0 ‫אز‬ 7% ‫وط‬ F3 OT ‫و‬ F- ‫א‬ ‚ • M< =‫א‬ -.0 OTU
7 ‫!و‬ y G3 -M ‫وא‬ ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‚...
Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -5/‫ص‬ ; ‫א‬y ‫دو‬ 93 Q M<5‫א‬ ‚ R M3 b žD‫א‬ C F
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٣-‫ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
V5‫א‬ & ‫א‬ ±‫א‬ ‫د‬n ‚ ‫و‬
&5 < ‫א‬ @& ‫א‬
‫!و‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫ذ‬ ‘=
y‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‫م‬
٤-
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻼﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
b žD‫א‬ Q<C F%
‫!ن‬ ‫دون‬ M ‫א‬
‫א‬ _90 'D ‫ض‬ &<'
‫!و‬ ‫دא‬ ‫ط‬ S4 ‫!و‬
‫ع‬ ( ! O%
ً
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
١-‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬
−‫ﻣﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
.E -% Y M ‫א‬ yP O% Q A 1 G< ‫وא‬
C (‫א‬ t‫א‬
−‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬Q ‫د‬ 5 = ”'! -M ‫א‬ Q@ -.0
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ”' ‫!و‬ z A S3
٢-‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬
−‫ﻭﺃﺣﺎﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫א‬ ‫ط‬ 3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ 4 “n '
& -, ¨ y G3 F- ‫א‬ _ T< ‫א‬ “n ƒ‫0‹د‬
−١-‫ﺩﻭﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
...F- ‫א‬ O% Ž ‫ذ‬ B ( T%n ‫ل‬ Y m' t‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3
−٢−‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' ‰ -M ‫א‬ ‚ Q@ -.0 ‫אز‬ 7% ‫אن‬ t‫وא‬
−‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬
7 ‫!و‬ y G3 -M ‫وא‬ ‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‚
٥-‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬‫ﻭﺗﻌﲎ‬Ÿ' ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -5

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫وس‬ 6 C M @ 0 - 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬–
½, 5+ ! & C & M ‫א‬–
‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬½, 5+ ! & C–
M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ GM&C(−
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !
( (p‫א‬ B < ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ Y ‫ل‬ Y ‫و‬ 0 X ‫א‬(
A ' ”@ @ F5 M% ‫م‬ %! ‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ •<A..
Y ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ * G p‫א‬−W ‫א‬ ± M3
‫م‬ Y D‫א‬ >< ‫א‬−R ” D‫א‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ز‬.
0 -M ‫א‬ t‫א‬−t‫א‬ 5
B M ‫א‬ |M0−‫ض‬ 2 p‫א‬.
v & ‫א‬ ’ M< % T' %! , ‫!ول‬ ‫و=د‬..
(....−63 G ‫א‬ ‫م‬ &M0
(D‫وא‬ R ” L , <Y‫א‬ ‫¢„ون‬ A 0..
١٩
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬:
@ 0 - S ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬–‫وس‬ 6 C M @ 0 - 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 5+ !–;G ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5+ !–½, 5+ ! & C & M ‫א‬
'‫د‬ ‫א‬ +@< =‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬–ƒ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ tn ‫م‬–‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬–D‫א‬–. ‫א‬–@A‫א‬ ‫א‬)M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ GM&C
-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ = d–& ‫א‬ m;- ‫وא‬ ‫د‬ & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !
;G ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5+ ! ' < %
B M ‫א‬ |M0 ‫س‬ ( '‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ,+A! R‫א‬ !
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:
-. ‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ @ -.< ‫א‬ 5+ !)( (p‫א‬ B < ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ Y ‫ل‬ Y ‫و‬ 0 X ‫א‬
.0‫و‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ 9F( -C ‫دو‬ +..
@ 0 - 3 0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ /-0 0..
A ' ”@ @ F5 M% ‫م‬ %! ‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ •<A
V. ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % - ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬
MG ‫א‬ • @ < ‫א‬−Y ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ * G p‫א‬
M D‫א‬ ± M3−‫م‬ Y D‫א‬ >< ‫א‬
−0 -M ‫א‬ t‫א‬
* •p‫א‬ T;< ‫א‬−B M ‫א‬ |M0
F- ‫א‬ • M< =‫א‬−v & ‫א‬ ’ M< % T' %! , ‫!ول‬ ‫و=د‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬:
‫وא‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ 63 -C ‫ط‬ -0 ‫א‬ ± M..−)63 @ _‫و‬ G ‫א‬(....
* •¹ 6&% O ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫د‬ Y
2 ŸY‫و‬ B M ‫א‬ 6 ˜ ”@3 ‫ن‬ ,+A! < ‫א‬
B M ‫א‬ |M0 ”5 ‫ل‬ Y ‫ن‬ ,+A! 7% ‫س‬ ( ' 0‫א‬
F- ‫א‬ ‫م‬ M–(D‫وא‬ R ” L , <Y‫א‬ ‫¢„ون‬ A 0
‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
−@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬−@ 0 - S ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ 5+ !
'‫د‬ ‫א‬ +@< =‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬:−-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ = d
–;G ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5+ ! ' < %
−B M ‫א‬ |M0 ‫س‬ ( '‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ,+A! R‫א‬ !
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
−-. ‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ @ -.< ‫א‬ 5+ !
−.0‫و‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ 9F( -C ‫دو‬ +
−@ 0 - 3 0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ /-0 0
−A ' ”@ @ F5 M% ‫م‬ %! ‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ •<A
−‫م‬ @0)_(V. ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ % - ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬
−MG ‫א‬ • @ < ‫א‬
−M D‫א‬ ± M3
−‫غ‬ % ‫א‬ %
−* •p‫א‬ T;< ‫א‬
−F- ‫א‬ ‫م‬ M ‫א‬−F- ‫א‬ • M< =‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
−‫وא‬ @ 0 - ‫א‬ 63 -C ‫ط‬ -0 ‫א‬ ± M
−* •¹ 6&% O ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫د‬ Y
−2 ŸY‫و‬ B M ‫א‬ 6 ˜ ”@3 ‫ن‬ ,+A! < ‫א‬
−B M ‫א‬ |M0 ”5 ‫ل‬ Y ‫ن‬ ,+A! 7% ‫س‬ ( ' 0‫א‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫א‬F- ‫א‬ ‫م‬ M
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
”t‫א‬ 2% @0‫و‬ %D‫א‬ ”2M D‫א‬ ‫ط‬ F ‫א‬
2<@ @Y V&F ‫א‬ E‫و‬ € ‫+ل‬ O% |M0 P ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ 3 )‰ ‫و‬..
‫†€م‬ ‫؟‬ €2< % ‫!م‬Q (‫!م‬‫؟‬ Q w(
2M'‫و‬ .<'Ÿ‫ل‬ @A‫و‬:
‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ T %‫و‬ 5 , ‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬”A93B، MTš @' ,..
‫€אم‬Y‫א‬، Q< A‫و‬ B & ‫א‬..
B & ‫א‬(< ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ & @A‫و‬:
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬،%‫و‬Q;M›& -. ‫א‬
OTUQC+2< ‫א‬3Q TF& -. ‫א‬..
2 † X ‫א‬ . D‫وא‬ ‫م‬ ‫א‬ O% Q< @M0‫و‬ 2.0 B ! O% ‫ن‬ (..
B5D‫א‬ 2(9C ‫!و‬ M0 t u -% V < 0 = X ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ B' ˜
* -Y n FY < ‫א‬ * F D‫א‬ B')&u ، y ‫ذ‬ ، • 5() ‫وא‬
¤n
‰ 20‫™א‬ ‫+ل‬S< ‫وא‬ & -. ‫א‬ Ÿ'‫و‬ 0، Q- M'
، B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬PO Q( A، ً‫א‬ -C % @0 @†
V( ‫א‬ B)U P ‫א‬ ‫و‬ M@‫א‬ 3p‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ B.
63 5+& ‫א‬% & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬‫و‬M2 ‫א‬
‫א‬ @& ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G< ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ‫ن‬ '‫د‬D‫א‬ O% < ‫א‬(
' &%‫و‬ 2z‫د‬ -% QM% < 0 P ‫א‬.
، 2(‫و‬ 3 M2 ‫א‬ @< 0 = X ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' & ‫وא‬.
‫אزع‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ”W' ‫א‬V ;A،..
‫ول‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ <&' P ‫א‬
٢٠
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬:−”t‫א‬ 2% @0‫و‬ %D‫א‬ ”2M D‫א‬ ‫ط‬ F ‫א‬
2<@ @Y V&F ‫א‬ E‫و‬ € ‫+ل‬ O% |M0 P ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ 3 )‰ ‫و‬
Bz <% ‫؟‬ ‫زل‬ ‫!م‬ ‫د‬ V&u !‫!م‬‫؟‬ ‫'9س‬‫ل‬ > %‫†€م‬ ‫؟‬ €2< % ‫!م‬
:7 : 2MT‫!ن‬7 <d2M'‫و‬ .<'
−‫و‬‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ T %‫و‬ 5 , ‫+ل‬S< ‫א‬
‫د‬ 5 %!O ‫א‬ &3 ' 5 & <d
4 (O% ‫א‬ 'x •5+ !M2 ‫א‬)B & ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬:
‫ﲤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
،‫ﻓ‬‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬..@3L & -. ‫א‬ V t‫א‬=OTU
p‫א‬ B ‫א‬ 0 O% 3=‫و‬2 † X ‫א‬ . D‫وא‬ ‫م‬ ‫א‬ O% Q< @M0‫و‬ 2.0 B ! O% ‫ن‬ (
B5D‫א‬ 2(9C ‫!و‬ M0 t u -% V < 0 = X ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ B' ˜
‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺤﻦ‬˜* -Y n FY < ‫א‬ * F D‫א‬ B'
±+2< +QC‫א‬ A n‫א‬ n ' t‫وא‬...¤n
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬B & .”%B ! O%:‰ 20‫™א‬ ‫+ل‬S< ‫وא‬ & -. ‫א‬ Ÿ'‫و‬ 0
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Q0+” ‫و‬ Q' ' @3‫ز‬ •=، B & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P
3 Q<( &< ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 M O%‫و‬<V( ‫א‬ B)U P ‫א‬ ‫و‬ M@
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬:
‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ M& ‫א‬ 7 8@ -.< ‫א‬‫!ن‬63 5+& ‫א‬
‫ع‬ M 3 ŠM ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ z„ 3 T ‫א‬ 5+..
) ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ O „ U %)‫א‬ @& ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G< ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ‫ن‬ '‫د‬D‫א‬ O% < ‫א‬
@ -.< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬' &%‫و‬ 2z‫د‬ -% QM% < 0 P ‫א‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬:µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ Ž 0Š D‫وא‬، 2(‫و‬ 3 M2 ‫א‬ @< 0 = X ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' & ‫وא‬
23 6 S<F ‫א‬ ± %‫„א‬' =OC•:−‫א‬‫אزع‬ ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ ”
— ‫א‬ yPˆ B)%D‫א‬ R‫دא‬D‫א‬ O% .-M< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @..‫ول‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ <&' P ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O °<M0 X ‫א‬ - ‫א‬ +0..
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﳝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬
−2<@ @Y V&F ‫א‬ E‫و‬ € ‫+ل‬ O% |M0 P ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ 3 )‰ ‫و‬
Bz <% ‫؟‬ ‫زل‬ ‫!م‬ ‫د‬ V&u !
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
−B & ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |( ' .0
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬‫د‬ 5 %!
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ‬4 (
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﲤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫ن‬ (¹‫™א‬ O%
p‫א‬ B ‫א‬ 0 O% 3=‫و‬
‫ﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬B5D‫א‬ 2(9C ‫!و‬ M0 t u -% V < 0 = X ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ B' ˜
‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺤﻦ‬
3 @ ‫א‬ ¨±+2< +
‫!ن‬ 2|' ‫א‬PT‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ذא‬n OT ‫و‬<C‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
3 Q<( &< ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 M O%‫و‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬
‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ M& ‫א‬ 7 8
‫ع‬ M 3 ŠM ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ z„ 3 T ‫א‬ 5+
‫و!ن‬) ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ O „ U %
@ -.< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬
p‫א‬ 73 . ‫א‬ ‫وאن‬23 6 S<F ‫א‬ ± %‫„א‬
−B3— ‫א‬ yPˆ B)%D‫א‬ R‫دא‬D‫א‬ O% .-M< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @
& ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O °<M0 X ‫א‬ - ‫א‬ +0

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
' & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P & -, ' ˜ ‫ل‬ Y 2M 3 A + ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬ 5‫و‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍ¸ﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬
& ‫א‬ G’F3 # ‫א‬ ‫א‬
z‫دא‬D‫א‬ ‫א‬ 2 ‫وא‬ ، ‫ل‬ C
6 &< ‫א‬ & -,
Q<( T%‫و‬ & ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬ Q3 ‫م‬ @0 P ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
&< ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Y
*‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫א‬ &u n ‫ل‬ ;<0 1 A
% •z‫א‬ ‫و‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 ‫!و‬
‫!و‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ -' % ‫ن‬
2 B' ;<'
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬:−y CŠ' < ‫א‬ M2%
7 <¥‫א‬ B-5 O% @<Œ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
” ‫وא‬ ‫ز‬ & 3 F ‫א‬£
، M2 ‫א‬ - .<% R‫!دא‬ O „ & ‫א‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬2<- .% OTU =‫<„אم‬ = 3
*‫3£دא‬M2 ‫א‬‫ﺃﻭ‬& ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! -.0
، 2C‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺘﺒﺪ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫+ق‬ !MC BTF0 X ‫א‬ ، &< ‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ & -, O% ¯ !..
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬&' =
7 <¥‫א‬ E+#n O @< ‫وא‬ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ ‫و‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ Q A „ P ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ t - 0
، # ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬ B & 3 6, M ‫وא‬ ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ ± ' @0‫و‬ ، % &3..
<’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ ‫אل‬ Y! ' @0 n..
‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ O% QM2% BC Q <˜ ‰ R A ‫א‬ O % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ „
5+ D‫א‬ B ‫א‬ E+#p 7 <¥‫א‬ Y' , O
6 M2 ‫א‬ ± /-”
٢١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
' & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P & -, ' ˜ ‫ل‬ Y 2M 3 A + ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬ 5‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬
..
# G
‫„م‬ 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫و‬ %‫وא‬D‫א‬
B ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬
|M ‫א‬ ŸS3
G’F ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ 2< ¢
< =‫א‬
*‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ‬
‫ل‬ )%:& ‫א‬ *‫£دא‬A
‫ن‬ T0 ‫!ن‬ V8‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬O%
5+& ‫א‬ R1‫د‬ m Y
‫ذ‬ < D‫א‬ 63 /-0 0 X ‫א‬
yP %+0‫و‬)A ‫وא‬ Vt‫א‬
D‫وא‬(
*‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍ¸ﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
*‫ﻧﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬
& ‫א‬ G’F3 # ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−z‫دא‬D‫א‬ ‫א‬ 2 ‫وא‬ ، ‫ل‬ C
−6 &< ‫א‬ & -,
−Q<( T%‫و‬ & ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
−
&< ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Y
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬
¡-# ‫ول‬ ˜ X ‫א‬
2<S G3 M2 ‫א‬ 5+ !
*‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
M2 ‫א‬ - .<% m Y O%
−‫+ص‬ p CB & ‫א‬
−‫א‬ & ‫وא‬@< ‫א‬
−7A€ ‫وא‬Bz‫ذא‬ ‫א‬ O
−VG&< ‫א‬ O &- ‫وא‬y # BT3
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬
& ‫א‬ 5+ !
، Š' < ‫א‬ M2‰ BS<F'
¤‫א‬
‫ﺃﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‬
93‫و‬ 4‫و‬ & ‫א‬
% & ‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ Q%‫€א‬Y‫א‬
*+. ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ %‫و‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬
20‫א‬ @<&%‫و‬V A‫!ن‬
* <0‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬&-0
، 2 O% & ‫א‬ G’F
O% z ‫א‬ A @) ‫א‬ & -,‫و‬
! 2
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
−7 <¥‫א‬ B-5 O% @<Œ‫א‬ ‫!و‬
−‫!و‬” ‫وא‬ ‫ز‬ & 3 F ‫א‬
−‫!و‬، M2 ‫א‬ - .<% R‫!دא‬ O „ & ‫א‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
*‫3£دא‬
، 2C
‫+ق‬ !
M2 ‫א‬ & -, O% ¯ !
‫؟‬ ± < ‫א‬ 3!!!
‫ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ‬‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻲ‬:
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬( P ‫א‬Q‫م‬ ‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬
، # ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬ B & 3 6, M ‫وא‬ ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ ± ' @0‫و‬ ، % &3
‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬'1 2<’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ ‫אل‬ Y! ' @0 n
2 O%‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ O% QM2% BC Q <˜ ‰ R A ‫א‬ O % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ „
W2% ‫„אم‬ n‫و‬ @
! 2 O%..5+ D‫א‬ B ‫א‬ E+#p 7 <¥‫א‬ Y
@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ L ' ' &% 74‫و‬6 M2 ‫א‬ ± /-”
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
' & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P & -, ' ˜ ‫ل‬ Y 2M 3 A + ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬ 5‫و‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
*‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬،..
Ž ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ -'‫و‬# G
‫„م‬ 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‫و‬ %‫وא‬D‫א‬
B ‫!و‬ V -. ‫א‬ ‫!و‬ & ‫א‬
2z‫39دא‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬،..|M ‫א‬ ŸS3
OG’F ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ 2< ¢
&5‫وא‬ ‫!و‬ Q<( '‫د‬ ‫!و‬< =‫א‬
*‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬)‫و‬ ‫א‬
1‫א‬ D‫وא‬ ، O' ‫وא‬ ،
z ‫א‬(¡-# ‫ول‬ ˜ X ‫א‬
2<S G3 M2 ‫א‬ 5+ !
*‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬
/-” Y‫و‬D‫א‬ ‫ل‬ > ‫א‬
' & ‫א‬ ‫א‬P
*‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬& ‫א‬ 5+ !
O %„ % ( ( 5 &0
، Š' < ‫א‬ M2‰ BS<F'
، )(! ‫!م‬ ‫ن‬ C +
T' %! ‫ن‬ C ' G%...¤‫א‬
B › ' A ! n....‫؟‬ ± < ‫א‬ 3
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ‬
m;-% ‫ن‬n‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
، # ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‹ ‫א‬ B & 3 6, M ‫وא‬ ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ ± ' @0‫و‬ ، % &3
‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬:
−2 O%
W2% ‫„אم‬ n‫و‬ @
−‫و‬! 2 O%
@ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ L ' ' &% 74‫و‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬::::
G’F ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ ¨L ‹ ‫א‬ T <š ‫م‬ ’< ' P ‫א‬..
yP %+0 ‫م‬ %! O ' P ‫א‬.. (
Qz‫א‬ ! A‫و‬ 2S G'‫و‬..
..
= 6Y @;<' <’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ * ;#D • ;G ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ^5 ‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ !‫و‬،‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺯﻉ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺯﻉ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺯﻉ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺯﻉ‬
،y .0 - .<%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ A @_ 7%‫و‬ y 4 7% <' P ‫א‬..
2%‫<„א‬ ‫وא‬ <’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ * ;#! ‫ط‬ -”(‫א‬ ! -%
7 <¥‫א‬ y : > 3 &u‫و‬ z 4 O% ‫دא‬..
2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 X ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Œ‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ ‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ š 5+ D‫א‬ < ‫א‬..
( 3 R -,D‫א‬ 3 @( Š z Q% 5 ‫ن‬ ( 5 7% y % ‫ول‬D
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬7%2— <Y‫א‬
، O2 ‫א‬ BC -.M0 X ‫א‬ C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
ُ
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺬﻟﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬( A ‫د‬ 2
# ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ yP 3 &#‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬G;M%‫م‬ < ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬:
R ‫و‬ 6M<& ‫א‬ ، B)% O2 ‫א‬ O%
، 6 < =‫א‬ 6 z G D‫وא‬ M ‫א‬ V. ‫وא‬ ‫ل‬ ,D‫א‬ R -,!‫و‬ Š M ‫א‬..
+z & ‫א‬ 7% @ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ . ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Y 2M 3 A
‫د‬ FM ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ¨ # ‫א‬ & .< ' v ‫א–ن‬ ‚<Y،..
n B# < ‫א‬ B& 3 Q3 ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬:
‫و‬P- ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 ‫א‬ {À A 2M 3 A M< Ž ‫وذ‬
٢٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻡ‬
G’F ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ ¨L ‹ ‫א‬ T <š ‫م‬ ’< ' P ‫א‬
y 4 % ‫م‬ %! O ' P ‫א‬)& ‫وא‬yP %+0 ‫م‬ %! O ' P ‫א‬
‫و‬ ‫א‬(‫و‬ ‫א‬ un ^ À P ‫א‬..
y - !‫و‬ Q0 % &% ‫ق‬ # O% C9<' = P ‫א‬..Qz‫א‬ ! A‫و‬ 2S G'‫و‬
O' –‫א‬ ‫دون‬ Q3+, Ÿ&- Q0‫א‬ -< ‫א‬ O •G ' P ‫א‬..
‫!ن‬= 6Y @;<' <’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ * ;#D • ;G ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ^5 ‫א‬
. ‫!و‬ @ Q< ž R ‫א‬ &F'Q%‫„א‬ p*‫3£دא‬M2 ‫א‬ 5+ !‫و‬
،y .0 - .<%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ A @_ 7%‫و‬ y 4 7% <' P ‫א‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻧﻜ‬‫ﻧﻜ‬‫ﻧﻜ‬‫ﻧﻜ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬::::
W2 ‫א‬−² 0‫و‬2%‫<„א‬ ‫وא‬ <’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ * ;#! ‫ط‬ -”(‫א‬ ! -%
„ ‫א‬ 37 <¥‫א‬ y : > 3 &u‫و‬ z 4 O% ‫دא‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬::::
2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 X ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Œ‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ ‫א‬
— t‫א‬M2 ‫א‬ š 5+ D‫א‬ < ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬:
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬( 3 R -,D‫א‬ 3 @( Š z Q% 5 ‫ن‬ ( 5 7% y % ‫ول‬D
( ( 5 •-#!‫و‬ ، ‫م‬١٩٤٧‫م‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
، O2 ‫א‬ BC -.M0 X ‫א‬ C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ @ & ¬ ‫ن‬ &' <¢ O2 6 )š‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ‬# ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ yP 3 &#
<’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ Ž 0 BC 63 /3 ' QM &3
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬
-C ‫د‬ 63 ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ M< ‫وא‬ ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ ¾R ‫و‬ 6M<& ‫א‬ ، B)% O2 ‫א‬ O%
، 6 < =‫א‬ 6 z G D‫وא‬ M ‫א‬ V. ‫وא‬ ‫ل‬ ,D‫א‬ R -,!‫و‬ Š M ‫א‬
2M 3 A ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ B . ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬
)ž 5+ ‫א‬ % 5! 5‫و‬+z & ‫א‬ 7% @ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ . ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ Y 2M 3 A
‫د‬ FM ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ¨ # ‫א‬ & .< ' v ‫א–ن‬ ‚<Y
.< ‫א‬ %‫א‬n B# < ‫א‬ B& 3 Q3 ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬
% & ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ Q ˜ ‫ق‬ ) %‫و‬P- ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2 ‫א‬ {À A 2M 3 A M< Ž ‫وذ‬
‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ O PF0 ‫!و‬ * ”<0 = ‚<Y..
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
−‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ^— ‫א‬G’F ‫א‬ ‫אض‬ ¨L ‹ ‫א‬ T <š ‫م‬ ’< ' P ‫א‬
−V -. ‫א‬y 4 % ‫م‬ %! O ' P ‫א‬
−, F ‫א‬ /3 4)‫و‬ ‫א‬
−%+ p‫א‬y - !‫و‬ Q0 % &% ‫ق‬ # O% C9<' = P ‫א‬
−& ‫א‬O' –‫א‬ ‫دون‬ Q3+, Ÿ&- Q0‫א‬ -< ‫א‬ O •G ' P ‫א‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬@-'‫!ن‬
. ‫!و‬ @ Q< ž R ‫א‬ &F'
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬،y .0 - .<%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ A @_ 7%‫و‬ y 4 7% <' P ‫א‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬
−F5 M%' ”5‫„אم‬ p‫א‬W2 ‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ 93..„ ‫א‬ 3
ً
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬
ً
ً
ً
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬
١-‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 X ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Œ‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫وא‬ - ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫و'‹د‬2%‫€א‬Y‫א‬n— t‫א‬
٢-‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬
• .G% B ‫د‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬
‫م‬١٩٤٥( ( 5 •-#!‫و‬ ، ‫م‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮﺩ‬‫ﻴﺜﻴ‬‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
، 3‫ﲝﻴﺚ‬، O2 ‫א‬ BC -.M0 X ‫א‬ C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ @ & ¬ ‫ن‬ &' <¢ O2 6 )š
‫א‬Py :=‫א‬‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬
<’ ‫א‬ O2 ‫א‬ Ž 0 BC 63 /3 ' QM &3
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
−-C ‫د‬ 63 ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ M< ‫وא‬ ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ ¾
، 6 < =‫א‬ 6 z G D‫وא‬ M ‫א‬ V. ‫وא‬ ‫ل‬ ,D‫א‬ R -,!‫و‬ Š M ‫א‬
−2M 3 A ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ B . ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬
−)ž 5+ ‫א‬ % 5! 5‫و‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
−‫د‬ FM ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ¨ # ‫א‬ & .< ' v ‫א–ن‬ ‚<Y
−‫!ن‬ =n.< ‫א‬ %
−% & ‫א‬ . ‫א‬ Q ˜ ‫ق‬ ) %
‫א‬ 1‫א‬ D‫א‬ O PF0 ‫!و‬ * ”<0 = ‚<Y

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬ O' ' ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ Y )C z‫א‬
± ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 5+& ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ƒ D‫א‬ 1‫א‬ ,D‫وא‬‫دא‬p‫א‬— ‫وא‬..2M%:
* ;#! 3 8p‫א‬ G ‫א‬ |A ; ‫'‹د‬ 2 & 0
:M ‫د‬D‫א‬ O% > - ‫א‬ ' ´
7 MG< ‫א‬ * O% <M ‫א‬ 0‫و‬ ، MG ‫א‬ ’ ‫وא‬....¨‫و‬(
: M ‫א‬ < =‫وא‬ ( ( @ ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ VM:O
' 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ &' F< ‫א‬ ,n 23 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n:‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬
( ‫وא‬ z M ‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ <( ^ T< ‫א‬
‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ T0 ‫ع‬ 0 ‫א‬ n ‫'‹د‬ š 4 A ‫א‬..
‫ج‬ <(p 3 &<0 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ M ' ‫و‬ 4‫و‬ 2% ‫א‬ %! ™<&' 23..
• ;G< 2 <(n ‫د‬ n %D‫א‬ V .<' 5 <M ‫א‬ O%
، 23 6 % & 3 #n V- 0 5P ‫א‬ %D‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ n‫و‬ <(p‫א‬ ‫ض‬ Á‫وא‬ ‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ B.&0.
— ‫وא‬ ' ‫دא‬p‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ A C š
% ‫+ل‬ % M2 ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ 74':
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
& ‫א‬
T˜ X ‫א‬ ' &
(
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬B ‫دא‬
‹ ‫א‬
& <¥‫א‬ 75‫א‬−5+ D‫א‬ ' & ‫وא‬
% ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ (‫و‬M2 ‫א‬ 2% @0 X ‫א‬.
، ‹ ‫א‬ 6 z @‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ‬^z — 3 , M ‫א‬
‫ﻷﺩﺍء‬‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬..
D‫א‬ W2 ‫א‬ ± ‫א‬ ' &% ‫د‬ † P ‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
z 2M ‫א‬ °<M ‫א‬، M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! ‫ق‬ )..
7 <¥‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 ‫و‬−7 ‫א‬ Â G% % ‫و‬
٢٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬:
A # ‫وא‬ % Tt‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬‫אد‬ AD‫وא‬ O' ' ‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ Y )C z‫א‬
± ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 5+& ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ƒ D‫א‬ 1‫א‬ ,D‫وא‬
−* ;#! 3 8p‫א‬ G ‫א‬ |A ; ‫'‹د‬ 2 & 0
‹ ‫א‬ 7% 6 % &< ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬
' & 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‰ ‫م‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n)‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬:
7 MG< ‫א‬ * O% <M ‫א‬ 0‫و‬ ، MG ‫א‬ ’ ‫وא‬
' S 2% &0‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬: M ‫א‬ < =‫وא‬ ( ( @ ‫א‬ R ‫א‬ VM:
5+ D‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫م‬
' 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ &' F< ‫א‬ ,n 23 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
ً- _‹0 23 2< ¢ ‫!ن‬ C( ‫وא‬ z M ‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ <( ^ T< ‫א‬
‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ T0 ‫ع‬ 0 ‫א‬ n ‫'‹د‬ š 4 A ‫א‬
< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n‫م‬‫ج‬ <(p 3 &<0 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ M ' ‫و‬ 4‫و‬ 2% ‫א‬ %! ™<&' 23
- &% 1 M#! ‫ج‬ <(n• ;G< 2 <(n ‫د‬ n %D‫א‬ V .<' 5 <M ‫א‬ O%
R . ! O% 23 %..
‫!ن‬ C>'‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ & ‫وא‬ =–‫א‬، 23 6 % & 3 #n V- 0 5
Q V0€':‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ n‫و‬ <(p‫א‬ ‫ض‬ Á‫وא‬ ‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ B.&0
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬:
‫€ض‬ ' ، M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D 3 ‫א‬ ^' &< ‫א‬ R 4‫!ن‬— ‫وא‬ ' ‫دא‬p‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ A C š
، ‹ M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! ‫ق‬ ) % R 4 P M0‫و‬ BTF<0...
‫א‬ -C ‫و‬ 3 + ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 5 5‫و‬-m;% ‫+ل‬ % M2 ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ 74
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
/3‫א‬ ” ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬),p‫א‬& ‫א‬
T˜ X ‫א‬ ' &
± ‫א‬(
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻦ‬:
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺆﺳﺲ‬‫א‬ ‫د‬‫ل‬ Q ˜:−‫א‬& <¥‫א‬ 75‫א‬
−X ‫א‬ À < ‫א‬ Y ‫وא‬، 23 U−% ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ (‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ‬، ‹ ‫א‬ 6 z @
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬%‫+ز‬ ‫א‬ /3‫א‬ ” ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬‫ﻷﺩﺍء‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬D‫א‬ W2 ‫א‬ ± ‫א‬ ' &% ‫د‬ † P ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬z 2M ‫א‬ °<M ‫א‬
B & ‫א‬ ‫د‬−°<M ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬−7 <¥‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 ‫و‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٣-‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬
‹% W:A # ‫وא‬ % Tt‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬
± ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 5+& ‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ ƒ D‫א‬ 1‫א‬ ,D‫وא‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
−
‹ ‫א‬ 7% 6 % &< ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
' & 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‰ ‫م‬ < =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
7 MG< ‫א‬ * O% <M ‫א‬ 0‫و‬ ، MG ‫א‬ ’ ‫وא‬
−' S 2% &0
5+ D‫א‬ ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫م‬
‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‬
−' 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ &' F< ‫א‬ ,n 23 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
−ً- _‹0 23 2< ¢ ‫!ن‬ C
‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ T0 ‫ع‬ 0 ‫א‬ n ‫'‹د‬ š 4 A ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
−< =‫א‬ ‫ن‬n
‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬:−
R . ! O% 23 %
−‫!ن‬ C
Q V0€'
ً
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬-‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫€ض‬ ' ، M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D 3 ‫א‬ ^' &< ‫א‬ R 4
، ‹ M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! ‫ق‬ ) % R 4 P M0‫و‬ BTF<0
‫א‬ -C ‫و‬ 3 + ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 5 5‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬
5+ D‫א‬
D‫א‬
/3‫א‬ ” ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﻭﳝ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
١=
ُ
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺆﺳﺲ‬
2- .<' X ‫א‬7 <¥‫א‬−
٢=‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ‬
<’ ‫א‬:‫ﲢﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬
٣=‫ﻳﻮﺿ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ‬
٤=‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬:-B & ‫א‬ ‫د‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
O% R‫א‬ ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ 2 U X ‫א‬ .F(D‫א‬
، % Œ‫א‬ ، Š' < ‫א‬ ، - Œ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ V. ‫א‬
‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬ ‫א‬P Y‫و‬ . ‫א‬ > D‫א‬)O b ;<(
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d ‫و‬ ‫+م‬ D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !‫و‬ ، 3 !‫و‬ ، -, ‫+ق‬ !
<( + ‫א‬ V( O% ‫+ق‬ L
<’ ‫א‬ M2 ‫א‬ = ¥ 3 .-0 ‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫وא‬ +TF ‫א‬ 2)ž.
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ = d:
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﻟﻸﻃﺒﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬.
5! z _‫و‬ 2M w FC ‰ X ‫א‬R % B)% ‫م‬
½. ‫א‬ ^ 9< ‫א‬ b‫€א‬%G& ‫א‬.
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬339&<’ ‫א‬ ‫د‬:
−@) ‫א‬ A‫א‬ 0‫و‬‫د‬ ‫وא‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎء‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
# ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ( ‫א‬ +A ‫م‬ 2..
، ‫د‬ & ‫وא‬ ” ‫א‬ 63 Y < ‫א‬..
+ ‫و‬ ^ < ‫א‬ ;G ‫وא‬ 6@ ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬.
V. ‫א‬ M2‰ B &'‫ن‬ T' ‫!ن‬:
‫א‬ C‫ذ‬ +5)C‫ذא‬0Q(7-. ‫א‬
‫אل‬ %D‫وא‬ R M ‫א‬ %! O% R u -3 .À = ، 2 ‫א‬
2M% R u n ‫ض‬ &<'
، Q &' ==‫و‬، QM D‫א‬ /@ ' R‫دوא‬
٢٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺴﻊ‬‫ﺸﻤﻞ‬:‫ل‬ D‫א‬ BC‫!و‬O% R‫א‬ ‫אد‬ AD‫א‬ 2 U X ‫א‬ .F(D‫א‬
‹% ‫ن‬ C B ‫دא‬‫!و‬G’u G3..
M2% 5‫و‬ 5+ !:، % Œ‫א‬ ، Š' < ‫א‬ ، - Œ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ V. ‫א‬
‫و‬ % & ‫א‬ — ‫،א‬ G ‫א‬ ، ‫دא‬p‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ، Mˆ‫א‬...
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬:V- 3‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬ ‫א‬P Y‫و‬ . ‫א‬ > D‫א‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d ‫و‬ ‫+م‬ D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !‫و‬ ، 3 !‫و‬ ، -, ‫+ق‬ !
‫د‬ G<5=‫وא‬.....¨‫و‬(..
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬<( + ‫א‬ V( O% ‫+ق‬ L
<’ ‫א‬ M2 ‫א‬ = ¥ 3 .-0 ‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫وא‬ +TF ‫א‬ 2)ž
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬:
2< &% <0 C ) ‫א‬M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ = d
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬
•3 1 A)‫ﺃﺑﻘﺮﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬(‫و‬5! z _‫و‬ 2M w FC ‰ X ‫א‬
‫ﲪﻮﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬(‫و‬3 /-0 %½. ‫א‬ ^ 9< ‫א‬ b‫€א‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
−‫دل‬ -< ‫א‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫א‬ ˜‫و‬
‫ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﺘﻠﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﱰﺍﺙ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬B)%:
‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬< ‫א‬٤٥٣•.
V -. ‫א‬ 5+ D % & ‫א‬ Q<'x <O%Q5 M< ‫א‬# ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ( ‫א‬ +A ‫م‬ 2
،‫ﻳﺘﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬، ‫د‬ & ‫وא‬ ” ‫א‬ 63 Y < ‫א‬
+ ‫و‬ ^ < ‫א‬ ;G ‫وא‬ 6@ ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬S-M' X ‫א‬‫!ن‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬V. ‫א‬ M2‰ B &'
R ” D‫א‬ • ;#R CP ‫א‬ O Y، 'x ‫א‬‫א‬ C‫ذ‬ +5
، ;z‫א‬ ‫א‬ V , ،^ |(* ) ‫وא‬ ‫ن‬ - ‫א‬
E -' = 4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ p‫א‬ÃF324‫א‬ %! O%
4 ‫א‬ R‫א‬ 3nQ<-¨ O% )C!‫+ج‬R M¨D‫א‬
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 7A M% S - ‫وא‬
، |M ‫א‬ ^ ،‫دق‬ #‫אل‬ %D‫وא‬ R M ‫א‬ %! O% R u -3 .À = ، 2 ‫א‬
O% +”A R+ D‫א‬ ‫„ل‬M% u X ‫א‬‫!ن‬2M% R u n ‫ض‬ &<'
، ‫אل‬ %D‫وא‬ E‫وא‬ D‫א‬+0 5 R‫دوא‬ ^G' =‫و‬، Q &' =
5‫د‬ # Q M3 ‫و‬ » &'Q- -Y » &' C.
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
ً
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
=‫ﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺴﻊ‬
‹% ‫ن‬ C B ‫دא‬
=‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬:M2% 5‫و‬ 5+ !
‫و‬ % & ‫א‬ — ‫،א‬ G ‫א‬ ، ‫دא‬p‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ، Mˆ‫א‬
=‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d ‫و‬ ‫+م‬ D‫א‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !‫و‬ ، 3 !‫و‬ ، -, ‫+ق‬ !
‫ل‬ D‫وא‬‫د‬ G<5=‫وא‬
=‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫و‬ 2 %90<’ ‫א‬ M2 ‫א‬ = ¥ 3 .-0 ‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫وא‬ +TF ‫א‬ 2)ž
‫ﳕ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻸﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬
Ÿ&3+TF ‫א‬2< &% <0 C ) ‫א‬
١=‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫א‬ˆ S # • X•3 1 A
)‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﲪﻮﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬
−‫&+ج‬ ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﺘﻠﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﱰﺍﺙ‬
‫ﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬
١=‫ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
*‫א‬V -. ‫א‬ 5+ D % & ‫א‬ Q<'x <
. !” ‫א‬ O،
*‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﱪ‬+ ‫و‬ ^ < ‫א‬ ;G ‫وא‬ 6@ ‫א‬ ( (p‫א‬
*‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
١−‫א‬ ‫م‬ 0R ” D‫א‬ • ;#
٢−Š- ‫א‬ O Y، ;z‫א‬ ‫א‬ V , ،
٣−% <CE -' = 4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ p‫א‬
٤−Q<-¨4 ‫א‬ R‫א‬ 3n
٥−&< ‫א‬ G' Y‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 7A M% S - ‫وא‬
٦−V @ ‫א‬، |M ‫א‬ ^ ،
O% +”A R+ D‫א‬ ‫„ل‬M% u X ‫א‬
٧−ً( %9%@_، ‫אل‬ %D‫وא‬ E‫وא‬ D‫א‬
5‫د‬ # Q M3 ‫و‬ » &'

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
20 - ‫وא‬ O% 93 B ! ‫ذא‬n 2 ¨ F ‫ق‬ @Y '! Ž ‫ذ‬ V0€'
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬X ‫א‬ ' & ‫א‬
Tt‫א‬ 2z 4 OTU
y -< 3 ± ‫א‬
2 O% ً>, ‫!و‬ ً; ;#
( (p‫א‬..
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﺪﺙ‬
O 1‫א‬ s=‫א‬ V- 3
5+ D‫א‬ ' & ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬* £%G’u
‫ﻭ‬
ً
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬* Y ‫ن‬ T0 %
% & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬
‫ول‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ 2&4‫و‬
٣−„ < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬
٦−B & ‫א‬ VY٧−‫ن‬ @0p‫وא‬ ‫א‬
١٠−& ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ ‫א‬R T ‫א‬ M0
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﱪﺭﺍﺕ‬:
6 — ‫א‬ V( O% ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ P M0 A F ‫א‬
C Y C |M ‫א‬ R‫!دא‬ O% ‫0&„ز‬Y‫وא‬ ' C B & ‫א‬
' Y ‫ن‬ 4‫אع‬ 3p‫وא‬ T < ‫وא‬ ! ‫א‬
X ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ y : 2z=‫و‬ O% ‫<&„ز‬A، 6 % &
2z‫!دא‬ 6 ˜ < 3‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬:
6' ‫دא‬p‫وא‬ 6 — ‫א‬ . •4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' ;< ‫א‬
|M ‫א‬ Q3 ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ 3 5 ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |M ‫א‬ 6 ˜
5+ D‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ „'„&0 Bz ‫و‬ O% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬
6 — ‫א‬ 5 - ‫ذج‬ MC O' ' ‫א‬ ± !
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬
<’ ‫א‬ & <¥‫א‬ ‫א‬ V ‫א‬P‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎ‬
7 <¥‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | & -, w-( A BTA
٢٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫‹و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬@ ‫א‬ R 4 ' ˜ <'
، % & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ %..
، 2 SF' X ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫زא‬ <%‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 ¨ u.
، 23 ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ ( ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ |(!‫و‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 2.
20 - ‫وא‬ O% 93 B ! ‫ذא‬n 2 ¨ F ‫ق‬ @Y '! Ž ‫ذ‬ V0€'
‫!ن‬
‫و‬ ( ( @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -< =‫وא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬...
z ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ول‬D‫א‬ ‫م‬ @ ‫א‬ 2&4‫و‬
6 ˜R‫دא‬D‫א‬‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬7 <¥‫א‬ A
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬:
6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ |(D 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬٢−‫دא‬ & ‫وא‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
B & ‫א‬ w5‫و‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬٥−|M R= ‫وא‬ R <(=‫א‬
‫+ص‬ p‫وא‬ ‫„א‬M ‫وא‬ ( %D‫א‬٩−‫و‬ ‫א‬ T <š |A Œ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﱪﺭﺍﺕ‬
2 % @ ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ 6 ˜٢−6 — ‫א‬ V( O% ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ P M0 A F ‫א‬
„ ˜‫و‬ M2 ‫א‬ 6 % & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 M0٤−C Y C |M ‫א‬ R‫!دא‬ O% ‫0&„ز‬
‫'‹د‬ O' –‫א‬ Â G%‫و‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
2<( T% O% ‫و'&„ز‬ ، |M 3 @) ‫א‬ ‫د‬ '„
٦−' Y ‫ن‬ 4
X ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ y : 2z=‫و‬ O% ‫<&„ز‬A، 6 % &
، 23 ‫ن‬ &'2z‫!دא‬ 6 ˜ < 3‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
6 — „ < ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ R‫دא‬D‫א‬ ' @0٢−6' ‫دא‬p‫وא‬ 6 — ‫א‬ . •4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' ;< ‫א‬
' ‫א‬ < =‫א‬ O ”' ‰ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ ” ‫وא‬ B@& ‫א‬٤−|M ‫א‬ Q3 ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ 3 5 ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |M ‫א‬ 6 ˜
5+ ! ¢ VT0 ' O ‫אد‬ ‫א‬R‫„א‬ 74‫و‬٦−5+ D‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ „'„&0 Bz ‫و‬ O% ‫د‬ < =‫א‬
U @ ‫א‬ ' ‫دא‬p‫א‬ &< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ %٨−6 — ‫א‬ 5 - ‫ذج‬ MC O' ' ‫א‬ ± !
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬‫وא‬<’ ‫א‬ & <¥‫א‬ ‫א‬ V ‫א‬P
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫א‬ Qz‫א‬ !‫و‬ y TA! 20 T&(‫وא‬.7 <¥‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | & -, w-( A BTA
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
ً
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬
١-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫‹و‬ ‫وא‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬
5+ D‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫وא‬..
‫ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ‬، % & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ %
‫ﻭﲣﺺ‬، 2 SF' X ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫زא‬ <%‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ @ž 2 ¨ u
‫ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭ‬، 23 ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ ( ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ |(!‫و‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 2
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬20 - ‫وא‬ O% 93 B ! ‫ذא‬n 2 ¨ F ‫ق‬ @Y '! Ž ‫ذ‬ V0€'
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬:−‫!ن‬
B) 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ M0‫و‬ ( ( @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -< =‫وא‬ 5+ D‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬z ‫א‬ ‫א‬
..‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬6 ˜
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
١−6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ |(D 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬
٤−B & ‫א‬ w5‫و‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
٨−‫+ص‬ p‫وא‬ ‫„א‬M ‫وא‬ ( %D‫א‬
٤-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﱪﺭﺍﺕ‬
١−2 % @ ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ 6 ˜
٣−„ ˜‫و‬ M2 ‫א‬ 6 % & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 M0
٥−‫'‹د‬ O' –‫א‬ Â G%‫و‬ ‫ق‬ @Y ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬
2<( T% O% ‫و'&„ز‬ ، |M 3 @) ‫א‬ ‫د‬ '„
2&% 6 % &< ‫א‬
٥-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
١−6 — „ < ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ R‫دא‬D‫א‬ ' @0
٣−' ‫א‬ < =‫א‬ O ”' ‰ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ ” ‫وא‬ B@& ‫א‬
٥−5+ ! ¢ VT0 ' O ‫אد‬ ‫א‬R‫„א‬ 74‫و‬
٧−U @ ‫א‬ ' ‫دא‬p‫א‬ &< ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ %
ً
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬:‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬
=١=7-<< ‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬‫א‬ Qz‫א‬ !‫و‬ y TA! 20 T&(‫وא‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬2A
، ‫وא‬ W' ‫وא‬ À < ‫وא‬..P ‫א‬QF &(
‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬(Q # 2A‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬
‫ن‬ D‫א‬ B&A C ‫ذم‬ F< ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ O% %D‫א‬ ' t"B"
QY u‫و‬QG ’ 0‫و‬
u O3‫وא‬ 3‫א‬ ‫א‬.."
7 < A @) ‫א‬ ' ˆ‫א‬ — t‫א‬ 7% ‫ن‬ ( ‫א‬ A
‫ﻭﻋﺼﻮﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
)‫א‬ 7 <¥‫א‬
y‫د‬ ‰ 2@@† ‫!ن‬ OTU = X ‫א‬
Š- ‫وא‬ OT ‫وא‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬...- < ‫و‬yP
Š3+ ‫א‬ M#‫و‬ OT ‫א‬ R M3‫و‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬ ”˜..
@ A2M 3 Q<5‫و‬BG† % ‫א‬P ‫و‬
.F(D‫א‬ ‫אع‬ (! BT3 ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫م‬ @' m Y
@< 3 ' % ‫א‬P ‫و‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬Q B U P ‫א‬ ! ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ،.
( O% °<M% BG;
Q A ‫א‬ 2 ‫א‬ B”A! Ž A ‫א‬ Y‫وא‬ ( „ M
B & ‫א‬ @0 ‫و‬ 4 O%
<' ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫و‬ ،
B & ‫א‬ @0 -0€ ‫א‬..
، /@A & -, Y - 0..
٦-‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﳒﺎﺯ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬‫ن‬ ;<'‫و‬ ،
R - ! ‫א‬ YD‫א‬ 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ O
‫زق‬ ‫א‬ B G˜
٢٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ¸ﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬
' ”t‫وא‬ A @) ‫א‬ Q<' ‫و‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‬، ‫وא‬ W' ‫وא‬ À < ‫وא‬
y TAD ‫א=(.+ق‬ .@( 2 &8‫و‬..
‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬‫ن‬ D‫א‬ B&A C ‫ذم‬ F< ‫وא‬ 5 ‫א‬ O% %D‫א‬ ' t
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬QY u‫و‬
' < ‫وא‬ A 4p‫وא‬C Q AB&A"u O3‫وא‬ 3‫א‬ ‫א‬
7 < A @) ‫א‬ ' ˆ‫א‬ — t‫א‬ 7% ‫ن‬ ( ‫א‬ A
‫ﻭﻋﺼﻮﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻃﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲝﺚ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬y‫د‬ ‰ 2@@† ‫!ن‬ OTU = X ‫א‬
F- ‫א‬ O% ¬ B ‫دא‬ œ & ‫א‬ Q ‫ض‬ A
‫ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬b+_Š- ‫وא‬ OT ‫وא‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬
b+)3 ‫م‬ @' t‫א‬‫ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬:Š3+ ‫א‬ M#‫و‬ OT ‫א‬ R M3‫و‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬ ”˜
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬:
‫ﺑﺎﳒﺎﺯ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬،@ A
& <¥‫א‬ Ÿ&3 +&A‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬.F(D‫א‬ ‫אع‬ (! BT3 ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫م‬ @' m Y
‫ﺍﳊﺮﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬Q<5‫و‬ B% C ˆ@< 3 ' % ‫א‬P ‫و‬
& <¥‫א‬ 7-< ‫א‬ B & < =‫א‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬7 <¥ A( O% °<M% BG;
(= ، Q †€ % ‫ن‬ TQQ A ‫א‬ 2 ‫א‬ B”A! Ž A ‫א‬ Y‫وא‬ ( „ M
63 -C ‫ق‬ A '‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬B & ‫א‬ @0 ‫و‬ 4 O%
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬<' ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫و‬ ،
u - ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ ‫د‬ '„ !B & ‫א‬ @0 -0€ ‫א‬
B & z 2M ‫א‬ 1 ˆ‫א‬، /@A & -, Y - 0
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺗﻪ‬B &< °<M ‫א‬ 2% @' Q% ’C.
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺄﴰﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‬
t‫א‬ O,‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 1 ‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ ¨)%(Y- <
R‫א‬P¨ O% D‫א‬ Q0 Y، OT %‫و‬ Š- %‫و‬Q M3 ‫م‬ 5 ‫و‬
-M ‫א‬ Q< —‫و‬ w5‫و‬ Q @3 Ž P3)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬(
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
=٢=‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ¸ﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬' ”t‫وא‬ A @) ‫א‬ Q<' ‫و‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
y TAD ‫א=(.+ق‬ .@( 2 &8‫و‬
=٣=‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
=٤=‫ﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
Q4 ‫و‬‫אع‬ 3p‫א‬ _' < ‫وא‬ A 4p‫وא‬
‫א‬ @( m Y7 < A @) ‫א‬ ' ˆ‫א‬ — t‫א‬ 7% ‫ن‬ ( ‫א‬ A
ً
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬:‫ﻭﻋﺼﻮﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
١-‫ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻃﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(١)−‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲝﺚ‬
(Ž ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬...‫ﺣﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬
F- ‫א‬ O% ¬ B ‫دא‬ œ & ‫א‬ Q ‫ض‬ A
(٢)−‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬‫ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
b+)3 ‫م‬ @' t‫א‬
(٣)−‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬‫ﺑﺎﳒﺎﺯ‬
& <¥‫א‬ Ÿ&3 +&A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
& <¥‫א‬ 7-< ‫א‬ B & < =‫א‬
(٤)−‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ‬
‫و‬°<M ‫א‬(= ، Q †€ % ‫ن‬ T
‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬:63 -C ‫ق‬ A '
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬
١−&' =‫ن‬ ,+A!'!
٢−‫ن‬ ,+A! '‫!ن‬B & z 2M ‫א‬ 1 ˆ‫א‬
M O%‫و‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺗﻪ‬
٥-‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺄﴰﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬
t‫א‬ O,‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 1 ‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ ¨
R‫א‬P¨ O% D‫א‬ Q0 Y
-M ‫א‬ Q< —‫و‬ w5‫و‬ Q @3 Ž P3

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
˜ 2(D ،=‫و‬ ، ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ 1 u O% /
، ‫א‬ „ 32(D‫אغ‬ A n Y‫ن‬n‫و‬
€<A ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ Y+A %! ‫א‬ „ ‫א‬! ŠM O% -& ±.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻃﻮﻧﻲ‬‫ﱪ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﺗﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻢ‬(‫ﺃﻏﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ A‫و‬ O -0€ ‫א‬ +TF Q ¨¼3 ،...
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻔﻞ‬.
B & ‫א‬ G5 m Y‫و‬ -& ‫א‬ >A
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭﻳﺮﻱ‬ ،‫ﺃﻥ‬:
Q( T3 -& ‫א‬ ^G'‫و‬:
t‫א‬ O,‫א‬ ‫א‬ %‫א‬ T A M ‫א‬ –‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ ‫ز‬ •= ‫و‬ 4..
، ‫א‬ ; R C!..
^M#‫و‬ً”'! & -. 3 -.
TA ‫ن‬D ‫و‬ ) ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <(p ‫'‹د‬ < ‫א‬
6 ( ( ‫א‬ ¨ G5 2(D
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ R 4 C‹% ¨
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
B & ‫א‬ @< ‫א‬ &” ‫و‬ ‫م‬ |M 3 2 ! 0‫وא‬
4 ‫א‬ M' ‫א‬
%+ p‫א‬ O' 3 Ž ‫ذ‬ _90‫و‬...
٢٧
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﳛﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬˜ 2(D ،
= C6M,‫א‬ ‫ز‬ 8‫!ن‬‫א‬ S<F'، ‫א‬ „ 3
D‫א‬ ‫א‬ T U‫ض‬€<A ‫ض‬ D‫א‬ Y+A %! ‫א‬ „ ‫א‬
‫ﺗﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻃﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬‫ج‬ <(p‫א‬ A‫و‬ O -0€ ‫א‬ +TF Q ¨¼3 ،
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻔﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺗﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ‬..B & ‫א‬ G5 m Y
)' t‫א‬ ,‫א‬ @U ‫א‬ 7% ‫ض‬ &<0 |(
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺳﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
2z ” D ‫د‬ & ‫א‬ * - ! A 0..
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺘﱪ‬Q( T3 -& ‫א‬ ^G'‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫=ن‬yt‫א‬ O,‫א‬ ‫א‬ %‫א‬ T A M ‫א‬ –‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ ‫ز‬ •= ‫و‬ 4
‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ B ‫دא‬ t‫א‬ 3 0 ' Q(D
‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﳚﺎﺩ‬
2”&M - ‫א‬ R ' 5! R CP ‫א‬ B 5،2”&3‫و‬، ‫א‬ ; R C!
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺻﻨﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬،^M#& -. 3 Y^M#‫و‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‬TA ‫ن‬D ‫و‬ ) ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <(p ‫'‹د‬ < ‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% ‫ض‬ &<0‫و‬ 4 A % ‫ق‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬6 ( ( ‫א‬ ¨ G5 2(D
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ R 4 C‹% ¨
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:
B% T ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ < =‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫!ول‬..‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫אد‬ A! 63 B & ‫א‬ R‫!دא‬ ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ u‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
..4 A M' % w;-#!..B & ‫א‬ @< ‫א‬ &” ‫و‬ ‫م‬ |M 3 2 ! 0‫وא‬
4 A ¨ ‫ن‬ % 2— ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ @˜..
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺑﻊ‬54 ‫א‬ M' ‫א‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻊ‬20 5
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺂﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬B & ‫א‬ @0...
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭ‬...%+ p‫א‬ O' 3 Ž ‫ذ‬ _90‫و‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
(٧)−‫ﻳﺮﻱ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﳛﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬
” ‫א‬ 7% <0= C
2@Y O% ‫ن‬ C‫!ن‬D‫א‬ ‫א‬ T U
‫ﺗﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
(١)−‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬
(٢)−‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻔﻞ‬
(٣)−‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺗﻪ‬
)' t‫א‬ ,‫א‬ @U ‫א‬ 7% ‫ض‬ &<0 |(
٢-‫ﺍﻷﺭﺳﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
-‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬
-‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬2z ” D ‫د‬ & ‫א‬ * - ! A 0
-‫ﻳﻌ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺘﱪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫=ن‬
‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬‫„ل‬M ‫א‬ B ‫دא‬ t‫א‬ 3 0 ' Q(D
-‫ﻳﺮﻱ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
AB& <32”&
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
(١)−‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y 7% ‫ض‬ &<0‫و‬ 4 A % ‫ق‬ ‫א‬
(٢)−‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬
(٣)−‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
-‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻱ‬B% T ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ < =‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫!ول‬
‫אد‬ A! 63 B & ‫א‬ R‫!دא‬ ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ u
Ž ‫ذ‬ ˆ @˜ ‫¼ذא‬A..
‫א‬ FA ‫ذא‬n %!4 A ¨ ‫ن‬ % 2— ‫ون‬ &< ‫א‬ @˜
-‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺑﻊ‬
-^G<M ‫א‬ ‫و‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‬
-‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬
(١)−‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺂﺭﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬
(١)−‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
7z MG ‫א‬ 5+ !‫و‬ B & ‫א‬ O m' t 3 ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O'P ‫א‬ Bz+@ ‫א‬ O% ‫ن‬ C)O2 ‫א‬(% @%Q<:
OT' v V T ‫وא‬ B & ‫א‬ = AÄ‫ن‬ (¹ Q 5
! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (((((
2A:))))+,$+,$+,$+,$
)C )T ‫א‬ B @ ‫א‬ ‫=ن‬ •3 ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ )C ‫ن‬ C ‫ن‬n ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫=ن‬
T<Y=‫א‬–2A•3 y %
‫ﺍﻻﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺓ‬(
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻤﺎﺋﻪ‬
± M ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 X ‫א‬..ً% |(
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬:-
‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬'‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬..Q< A ‫م‬ @0‫و‬
# ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ 63 A‫א‬ < ‫א‬ @˜ ‫د‬ 5 & -, ‫م‬ |( R C‫و‬ %+ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬
2t # @;< 2 & ‫אد‬ A=‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ W&0‫و‬
- M% ‫א‬ ' X ‫א‬ @' . 3‫و‬ R F' C
' ;< ‫א‬ y‫!دא‬ B & ‫א‬ ، ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ (¹ <(n
& -. ‫א‬ y .
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬،...
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬20 Y -M0 B ! O%،،
< D‫א‬ 5+&
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻢ‬‫ﺩﻳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻥ‬(
M-% |( TAD‫א‬ ‫ق‬ # •-#! m ž
، & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ E • O% 2 V0€ ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ @@† %...
M ‫א‬ @˜ 2A، 23 ;#D '‫د‬ ‫א‬ 7A..
2 A T < ‫א‬ <' R u! F O% Q &A <' ‫א‬ Y‫وא‬ > u ‫وאن‬ ،.
٢٨
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:
7z MG ‫א‬ 5+ !‫و‬ B & ‫א‬ O m' t 3 ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O'P ‫א‬ Bz+@ ‫א‬ O% ‫ن‬ C
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ‬OT' v V T ‫وא‬ B & ‫א‬ = A
-.-.-.-.( /0 / 1 2 %34 5 6( /0 / 1 2 %34 5 6( /0 / 1 2 %34 5 6( /0 / 1 2 %34 5 67777
! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪﺩ‬‫ل‬ )%:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬‫و‬2A
8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >? ,$? ,$? ,$? ,$= %3 @ A= %3 @ A= %3 @ A= %3 @ A((((
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻩ‬:
( ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫!س‬ n - M 3 •3 ‫א‬ ‫ن‬، ‫א‬ ' ‫א‬ „...
7z ”- ‫א‬ œS ‫א‬‫!و‬€F ‫א‬ B ”0=‫م‬T<Y=‫א‬
‫ﲰﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:
)..‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺏ‬(Q3 <C ™<&'‫و‬)‫ﺍﻻﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻭﺓ‬
m' t‫א‬ ‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ T ! ً& %..Q3 <C Š (‫و‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻤﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬)± M ‫39ن‬ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬ ‫م‬ @0 X ‫א‬
% & ‫وא‬ # ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ 63 A < ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5 ً & -,(‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
# ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ 63 A‫א‬ < ‫א‬ @˜ ‫د‬ 5 & -, ‫م‬ |( R C‫و‬ %+ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬
TA ‫و‬‫ﺍﳋﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬(.)2t # @;< 2 & ‫אد‬ A=‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ W&0‫و‬
‫م‬ & ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ &F' ‫!ن‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ن‬ @@†(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬- M% ‫א‬ ' X ‫א‬ @' . 3‫و‬ R F' C
A M ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ Y =n(
‫ﻫﻴﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:' ;< ‫א‬ y‫!دא‬ B & ‫א‬ ، ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ (¹ <(n
O% y † P ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ B ‫ن‬n ‫ن‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫د‬ -<% S0‫و‬ B' ˜ 5+ ”'! 2MT
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
@ @t‫א‬ ; ‫א‬ Ž P3 ‫ن‬ T' B & ‫א‬< D‫א‬ 5+&
‫ﺍﻟﱪﲨﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬:
' # & ‫א‬ T' %D‫א‬ Q 0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬M-% |( TAD‫א‬ ‫ق‬ # •-#! m ž
، & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ E • O% 2 V0€ ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ @@† %
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬M ‫א‬ @˜ 2A
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪﺕ‬2 A T < ‫א‬ <' R u! F O% Q &A <' ‫א‬ Y‫وא‬ > u ‫وאن‬ ،
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٤-‫ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
7z MG ‫א‬ 5+ !‫و‬ B & ‫א‬ O m' t 3 ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O'P ‫א‬ Bz+@ ‫א‬ O% ‫ن‬ C
)١(-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺭﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
A‫ل‬ @))))-.-.-.-.
$$$$! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (! " #$ %& ' (
)٢(-‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪﺩ‬
9999$$$$8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >8 $ 9 :; <4 : = %3$! >
)٤(-‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
=T' ‫!ن‬( ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫!س‬ n - M 3 •3 ‫א‬ ‫ن‬
=‫م‬7z ”- ‫א‬ œS ‫א‬
٥-‫ﲰﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
#O' )T ‫א‬ ™<&')..
m' t‫א‬ ‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬ T ! ً& %
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
% & ‫وא‬ # ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ 63 A < ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5 ً & -,
#‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
# ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ 63 A‫א‬ < ‫א‬ @˜ ‫د‬ 5 & -, ‫م‬ |( R C‫و‬ %+ ‫د‬ @< =‫א‬
% & ‫א‬ ; G ‫وא‬)TA ‫و‬
‫ص‬ ‫א‬...‫م‬ & ‫א‬ Â G ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ &F' ‫!ن‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ن‬ @@†
#‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ود‬ Y ‫دون‬)A M ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ Y =n
٦-‫ﻫﻴﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(¹ Y ‫א‬O% y † P ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ B ‫ن‬n ‫ن‬
‫ﺏ‬=‫ﻳﺮﻱ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫د‬ -<% S0‫و‬ B' ˜ 5+ ”'! 2MT
‫ﺝ‬=‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫אن‬@ @t‫א‬ ; ‫א‬ Ž P3 ‫ن‬ T' B & ‫א‬
٧-‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﲨﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
=‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬' # & ‫א‬ T' %D‫א‬ Q 0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
=‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬
، & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ E • O% 2 V0€ ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬ @@† %
=‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
=‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺪﺕ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
V- ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ 3 7% 6 @ ‫א‬(
‚ 2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% ‚ M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 1‫א‬ ‫وא‬ - ‫وא‬)...‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !
).......•• M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ !‫+ق‬ =‫א‬
% & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ 2A ‫و‬ 5+ =‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜ > ‫وא‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ d)...‫+ق‬ !
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• M2 ‫א‬(
‚ ' # ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬).....|M0 •• R‫א=دא‬ 6 ˜
B & ‫א‬ VY •• |M R <(=‫א‬ •• R‫א=دא‬ 6 ˜
).....B •• . ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
m Å ‫אدم‬ •• B •• . ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫אدم‬ •• B •• . ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
BC •• T<Y=‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• œS ‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• •3 ‫א‬ 5
M 5 •_ ‫ن‬ (+ OT' v B & ‫א‬ = A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ Q3 @' % B & ‫א‬)..... ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‬ ) ‫א‬ •• & -. ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ) ‫א‬ •• B & ‫א‬ ••
m Å ‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ •• B •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ •• B •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
٢٩
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
63 O% ; ;G ‫א‬ 3 =‫א‬ < ‫א‬V- ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ 3 7% 6 @ ‫א‬
‚ 2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% ‚ M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 1‫א‬ ‫وא‬ - ‫وא‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• @ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬(
23 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O% M2% ƒ‫א‬ @< 0 5+ ‫א‬ ' &%‫و‬ µ‫د‬ -%).......
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• @ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬(
% & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ 2A ‫و‬ 5+ =‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜ > ‫وא‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ d
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• M2 ‫א‬
‹ ‫א‬ ‚A M2 ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‰ ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬‚ ' # ‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬
w5 ‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ Y‫א‬ •• R‫א=دא‬(
‫א‬ % % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ # M O% ‚ ' š BC)..B & ‫א‬ VY •• |M R <(=‫א‬ •• R‫א=دא‬ 6 ˜
w5 ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ••(
‫و‬ OT ‫وא‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬ ‚ =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ YM Š- ‫א‬).....
).....m Å ‫אدم‬ •• B •• . ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
M 4 ‫א‬ M' ‫א‬ 5 ‚ 73€' 1 ‫وא‬ Ž ‫א‬).....‫אدم‬ •• B •• . ‫א‬ •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ M < ‫א‬).....BC •• T<Y=‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• œS ‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• •3 ‫א‬ 5
M 5 •_ ‫ن‬ (+ OT' v B & ‫א‬ = A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ Q3 @' % B & ‫א‬
m Å ‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ ••(
G% m Å ‫!دم‬ M %=‫א‬ ‫وא‬ _)....& -. ‫א‬‫وא‬ ) ‫א‬ •• & -. ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ ) ‫א‬ •• B & ‫א‬ ••
M & -. ‫א‬ O% ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ˜ ‫אدא‬ B & ‫א‬)....m Å ‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ •• B •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
M < =‫א‬ 5+& @ @t‫א‬ ; ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬)....‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ •• B •• ‚3‫א‬ ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫א=ول‬ ‫‹אل‬ ‫א‬) :63 O% ; ;G ‫א‬ 3 =‫א‬ < ‫א‬
‚ 2< ‰ ‫ن‬ % @' O% ‚ M2 ‫א‬ 24 0 1‫א‬ ‫وא‬ - ‫وא‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• @ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬
23 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O% M2% ƒ‫א‬ @< 0 5+ ‫א‬ ' &%‫و‬ µ‫د‬ -%
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• @ -.< ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬
% & ‫א‬ ; G ‫א‬ 2A ‫و‬ 5+ =‫א‬ µ‫د‬ - ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ˜ > ‫وא‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ d
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ ! ‫ق‬ ) % •• % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ •• % & ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬ •• M2 ‫א‬
‹ ‫א‬ ‚A M2 ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‰ ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬
w5 ‫א‬ ‫م‬ •• ‫ل‬ & ‫א‬ Y‫א‬ •• R‫א=دא‬
‫א‬ % % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ # M O% ‚ ' š BC
w5 ‫א‬ ‫€אم‬Y‫א‬ ••
‫و‬ OT ‫وא‬ R‫א‬PS ‫א‬ ‚ =‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ Y
m Å ‫אدم‬ ••(
M & -, ‫م‬ |( ‫ق‬ ‫א‬).....
M 4 ‫א‬ M' ‫א‬ 5 ‚ 73€' 1 ‫وא‬ Ž ‫א‬
m Å(
M2% 5+ ‫א‬ O%‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ M < ‫א‬
- %(
M 5 •_ ‫ن‬ (+ OT' v B & ‫א‬ = A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ Q3 @' % B & ‫א‬
m Å ‫אدم‬ •• ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ ••
G% m Å ‫!دم‬ M %=‫א‬ ‫وא‬ _
( & ‫א‬(
M & -. ‫א‬ O% ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ˜ ‫אدא‬ B & ‫א‬
M < =‫א‬ 5+& @ @t‫א‬ ; ‫א‬ B & ‫א‬
m Å(

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
2<;z‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ Q-F0...
7 .< ‫א‬ = 2<;z‫א‬ O ‫د‬ ‫א‬ BGA‫א‬‫!ن‬@ ‫א‬ O ^ < ‫א‬ BGA‫א‬..
2<' ¨‫و‬ 2 2M%‫و‬..
A &%R uD‫א‬2<@ @Y ‚
' @( T 0 T ' M Y ^ <' R ‫א‬% BC'Q &v & ‫א‬..
‫אم‬ ’< ‫وא‬ t‫א‬ z @Y ‫ول‬ M<' P ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ FM ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
20+ %D‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -5 O% ً= 3 GY ‫א‬ ' @M ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬...
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬B)%:
2M% 2|< =‫وא‬ - t‫وא‬ 6@ < ‫א‬ _+_ <&0* CpA & ‫א‬
‫ل‬ # ‫א‬“n@ @t‫א‬..
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬:
‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﱈ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ﱈ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ﱈ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ﱈ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﻮع‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﳤﺎ‬‫و‬‫3ﯿﻮع‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﳤﺎ‬‫و‬‫3ﯿﻮع‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﳤﺎ‬‫و‬‫3ﯿﻮع‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﳤﺎ‬‫و‬
‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ﲔ‬x‫ﻘ‬x‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬y‫ﳝﻨ‬‫ﲔ‬x‫ﻘ‬x‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬y‫ﳝﻨ‬‫ﲔ‬x‫ﻘ‬x‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬y‫ﳝﻨ‬‫ﲔ‬x‫ﻘ‬x‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬y‫ﳝﻨ‬...
‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ﯾﻔﺤﻬ‬‫ﯾﻔﺤﻬ‬‫ﯾﻔﺤﻬ‬‫ﯾﻔﺤﻬ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﲈ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﲈ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﲈ‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﲈ‬‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ
‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫#ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬‫#ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬‫#ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬‫#ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬.
A!..
> 3 &F ‫وא‬ Š M 3 @) ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫وא‬ Y‫א‬ G ‫وא‬ F 3 <0 @< % G’u‫و‬
( T< =‫وא‬ - ‫א‬..
;- ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ;<' y S3‫و‬“nC‫א‬ ž
‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬!!
‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‬2MT ‫و‬v
=n‫™א‬ ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O% °' < 3
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬.
٣٠
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬2<;z‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ Q-F0
7 .< ‫א‬ =‫!ن‬7 .< ‫א‬ = 2<;z‫א‬ O ‫د‬ ‫א‬ BGA‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬2<' ¨‫و‬ 2 2M%‫و‬
7 d BT ‫א‬‫!و‬3 ‫ل‬ @ ‫א‬ ‚ 7 d Q-u9‫ن‬:
1 2' P ‫א‬ @& ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ O% * 4“nA &%
‫ﺭﻭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺯﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ن‬n' @( T 0 T ' M Y ^ <' R ‫א‬
‫אم‬ ’< ‫وא‬ t‫א‬ z @Y ‫ول‬ M<' P ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ FM ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
20+ %D‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -5 O% ً= 3 GY ‫א‬ ' @M ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫א‬ t 3 • 0 =
' 3 0‫و‬ &0 > 3:2M% 2|< =‫وא‬ - t‫وא‬ 6@ < ‫א‬ _+_ <&0
‫ع‬ M<3 O%‹0 =TAD‫א‬R‫א‬ –‫وא‬‫د‬ &0‫و‬V !
‫ﳎﺴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ام‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ام‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ام‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ام‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫اﳍﻤﺠﯿﲔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮﺣﺸﲔ‬‫اﳍﻤﺠﯿﲔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮﺣﺸﲔ‬‫اﳍﻤﺠﯿﲔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮﺣﺸﲔ‬‫اﳍﻤﺠﯿﲔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮﺣﺸﲔ‬........‫ﳕﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﳕﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﳕﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﳕﺎ‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬‫ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬
‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬
‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬:−& ‫و‬ Y 3 B% &<0 4 ( = @A!
> 3 &F ‫وא‬ Š M 3 @) ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫وא‬ Y‫א‬ G ‫وא‬ F 3 <0 @< % G’u‫و‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬:Q <'‫و‬ VG&< ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬“n^M& ‫א‬‫و‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬;- ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ;<' y S3‫و‬
@ @t‫א‬ ›‫و‬..
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻏﺮ‬ ‫وﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌﻌ‬‫و‬ ‫•ﻠﺤﳬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫ﻏﺮ‬ ‫وﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌﻌ‬‫و‬ ‫•ﻠﺤﳬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫ﻏﺮ‬ ‫وﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌﻌ‬‫و‬ ‫•ﻠﺤﳬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫ﻏﺮ‬ ‫وﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌﻌ‬‫و‬ ‫•ﻠﺤﳬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬‫ﰶ‬‫ﰶ‬‫ﰶ‬‫ﰶ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬‫ت‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﲝﻮر‬
☺‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
ƒ F- ‫א‬ ²' < ‫א‬ % ‚ 2 &% •”0‫و‬=n
< =‫وא‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ 0 t‫א‬ * < ‫وא‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ن‬n‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
TAW(!7 .< ‫א‬ =
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫!ن‬ =n:7 d BT ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬1 2' P ‫א‬ @& ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ O% * 4
‫ل‬ @'‫و‬:‫ﺭﻭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺯﺍﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫אم‬ ’< ‫وא‬ t‫א‬ z @Y ‫ول‬ M<' P ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ FM ‫א‬ Ž ‫ذ‬
20+ %D‫א‬ ‫ل‬ -5 O% ً= 3 GY ‫א‬ ' @M ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬
n‫ن‬‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬
> 3' !:‫א‬ t 3 • 0 =
' 3 0‫و‬ &0 > 3
„2 !‫+م‬ n:‫ع‬ M<3 O%‹0 =
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬‫ﳎﺴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﲒ‬ ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﱔ‬ ‫و-ﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬
‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﱔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ i‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬p‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
+z 5 ‫د‬ .< '‫و‬:‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫اﳌﺮء‬‫اﳌﺮء‬‫اﳌﺮء‬‫اﳌﺮء‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﳛﺎول‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬x}‫ﯿ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﳈﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﳛﯿﺎ‬ ‫ا€ي‬
‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬‫ﻓﺔ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎل‬ ‫ا€ي‬ ‫#ﻟﺮﴈ‬ ‫#ﻟﺒﴫ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺸﻔﻪ‬3‫ﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫†ﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‡ذ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬
−> 3 &F ‫وא‬ Š M 3 @) ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫وא‬ Y‫א‬ G ‫وא‬ F 3 <0 @< % G’u‫و‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬
O 90‫و‬Q %@ @t‫א‬ ›‫و‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺪﻕ‬:‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﰼ‬
-<0‫ن‬ ‫ذ‬D‫א‬ƒ F- ‫א‬ ²' < ‫א‬ % ‚ 2 &% •”0‫و‬
< =‫وא‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ود‬ 0 t‫א‬ * < ‫وא‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
@ ‫א‬ O' ‫א‬!‫א‬ @< ‫א‬P=Q A ¡'‫ز‬
t‫א‬ O B % =‫و‬..‫ل‬ @'&0))))‫د˜ﻦ‬ ‫وذ‬‫د˜ﻦ‬ ‫وذ‬‫د˜ﻦ‬ ‫وذ‬‫د˜ﻦ‬ ‫وذ‬
‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬((((!t‫א‬ 6-0 @< %
‫ن‬ 3‫و‬ R‫א‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ B, - ‫א‬ O%
% & ‫א‬ ‫א‬...
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ A‫و‬
‫ن‬ 3‫و‬ 2 ˜‫و‬2 ‫א‬ (!ˆ #!‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
ً
‫ﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﻮﺿﻮ‬‫ﻋﻲ‬
& -, * - 93‫!و‬(‫!و‬< ‫א‬
ˆ @< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63‫و‬ @ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63 ‫ط‬ -0 ‫א‬ Ä‫و‬
‫ﺝ‬–‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬‫ﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ' %‫!و‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﻃﻴﻘﺎ‬
Q0 ' |(‫و‬ Q ' @%‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ u
W ‫א‬ ‫وق‬P ‫א‬ ‚A‫و‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
:
G ‫א‬
R uD‫א‬
0 X ‫א‬
‫ل‬ 3 &F ‫א‬
&F ‫א‬ ‫א‬P B ; A
& -, '‫و‬
A
X ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ ‫د‬ †‫و‬
O% B ‫א‬ 23 „ <'
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬:‫و‬m;-'
O ‫א‬ # ^ <¢
‫د‬ ‫א‬ Q ‫ذ‬ K @<M'‫و‬
'‫و‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬‫و‬=
y Y‫و‬ ‫وق‬P ‫א‬ ‚ ‫م‬ @'
B3B@& ‫א‬ ‚”'!‫=ن‬
5_D‫א‬‫س‬ @0 = W ‫א‬
y ' ‰O% Š M ‫א‬
‫س‬ Yp‫א‬V ;AB3
Q<- M3 ‫س‬ @0“nG ‫א‬
B@& ‫א‬ 2 ) <' X ‫א‬ -z S ‫א‬.
‫א‬ 3 1 &' % M'@‫!و‬
6Ä % W&0‫و‬‫!و‬@) 3 '
@ ‫א‬ A Q3 G< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬ Q< 5 ' @<3 6Ä A m;-'
٣١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
% @< =‫وא‬ -) ‫وא‬ ‫وאم‬ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ T ‫وא‬d A‫ل‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ل‬ @'!z 5 %!T <%
Q -—‫א‬ % 2 M' 3
@ ‫א‬ O' ‫א‬
t‫א‬ O B % =‫و‬
‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬) () () () (‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﳱﺎ‬
‫ن‬ 3‫و‬ R‫א‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ B, - ‫א‬ O%
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻛﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬(-%);ً !% & ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ Y Q A m;- ‫א‬ „C€'‫و‬@ ‫א‬ & -,2A M#!‫و‬' &%‫و‬
O% BT3 /-0 '‫و‬ .M ‫א‬‫+ق‬ D‫א‬‫ل‬ ‫א‬ A‫و‬
m;- 3 <5R uD‫א‬‫ن‬ 3‫و‬ 2 ˜‫و‬
@ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 0 ‫אع‬ (!
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
0 ‫א‬ z S ‫א‬ G ‫א‬‫א‬PO& -, * - 93
ˆ @< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63‫و‬ @ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63 ‫ط‬ -0 ‫א‬ Ä‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬:
‫ﺏ‬–‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺝ‬
‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬‫ﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
O% O P ‫א‬ G&0 X ‫א‬
‫و‬m;-'
‫א‬‫!و‬” ‫א‬
C ‫א‬‫ن‬ (¹
'‫و‬m;-‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ' %
‫و‬m;-'Q0 ' |(‫و‬ Q ' @%‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ u
W ‫א‬ ‫وق‬P ‫א‬ ‚A‫و‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬:
V'P20‫+ق‬ D‫א‬
‫!و‬A‫+ق‬ D‫א‬
‫!و‬Tt‫א‬
& ‫א‬‫!و‬
@ ‫א‬ Tt‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫و‬m;-'G ‫א‬
63 C€F ‫א‬R uD‫א‬
‫א‬0 X ‫א‬
‫ل‬ 3 &F ‫א‬
&F ‫א‬ ‫א‬P B ; A
ً (& -, '‫و‬
ً‫א‬ 0 ‫ل‬ ‫א‬A
X ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ F ‫א‬ ‫د‬ †‫و‬
O% B ‫א‬ 23 „ <'
• -@ ‫א‬
.M ‫א‬
‫!و‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
Bz ” ‫א‬ A &%
2z M<5‫א‬ C‫و‬
<„Š M ‫א‬ 23 C
Bz‫ذא‬ ‫א‬ A &%‫و‬
M<<Š M ‫א‬ 2M y„
‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑﻫﻢ‬
“n‫ل‬ ‫وא‬ • ‫وא‬ • t‫א‬ 5•-#9A‫א‬ 3 1 &' % M'
‫د‬ &' ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ A“n( ( ‫א‬ T ‫א‬axios6Ä % W&0‫و‬
@ ‫א‬ A Q3 G< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬ Q< 5 ' @<3 6Ä A m;-'
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
١-‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬
ÃF ‫א‬ 5:5y
‫ع‬ < ‫א‬ 5‫و‬:
QMÄ
¬2&:5
% @< =‫وא‬ -) ‫وא‬ ‫وאم‬ ‫א‬
‫ل‬ T ‫وא‬
‫ل‬ @'
Q -—‫א‬ % 2 M' 3
٢-‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬
☺‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ل‬ Y Q A m;- ‫א‬ „C€'‫و‬
‫و‬O% BT3 /-0 '
‫و‬2'm;- 3 <
☺@ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 0 ‫אع‬ (!
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺜﺎﱄ‬
2<- M3“n0 ‫א‬ z S ‫א‬ G ‫א‬
☺ˆ @< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63‫و‬ @ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63 ‫ط‬ -0 ‫א‬ Ä‫و‬
☺‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬–‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫و‬m;-'6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
O% O P ‫א‬ G&0 X ‫א‬
‫ع‬ 5 ‫א‬9. ‫א‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﺭﺳﻄﻮ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
!‫و‬ÅE‫א‬ F ‫א‬.M ‫א‬
3‫ن‬ ( ‫=و‬!–‫א‬‫!و‬
‫دא‬D‫א‬2A‫دא‬D‫א‬
# & ‫א‬‫ع‬ 5 ‫א‬ O%
R . !T < ‫א‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‬
ً
‫ﻤﻴﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬
☺|M ‫א‬ .0 @ ‫و‬“n
‫ﺍﻻﻛﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬‫د‬ &' ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ A
‫ﻓﺎﻻﻛﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬@ ‫א‬ A Q3 G< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫و‬ Q< 5 ' @<3 6Ä A m;-'

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
@ ‫א‬ C Q&% w ‫ذא‬ m Y
‫م‬١٩١٠‫م‬
Ž ‫ذ‬ &3 v & ‫א‬
@ ‫א‬..‫و‬‫אزد‬ ‚@ ‫א‬
@ ‫א‬ 1 G0‫א‬ ŸA ‫و‬ • 0‫و‬ ' @05+ D‫א‬@ . ‫א‬ G 3
‫و‬ • Š M ‫א‬ ‫و‬ • O' ‫א‬ B)%
‫ل‬ ‫وא‬(‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬..
M &% ' F3 A G< 4 % # B‫!م‬#
‚ A G< ‫א‬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ @' ^ C‫و‬ ‫؟‬ 232(!‫!و‬%‫و‬ ‫؟‬ uB#!
–‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻄﻠﻖ‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻢ‬
ŸA '@ - M ‫א‬ ' |M ‫א‬‹'C
‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫و‬ ‫ذاﺗﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ذاﺗﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ذاﺗﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ذاﺗﻪ‬ٔٔٔٔ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ن‬‫داة‬ٔ‫داة‬ٔ‫داة‬ٔ‫داة‬ٔ‫ﺸﺎف‬œ‫اﻛ‬‫ﺸﺎف‬œ‫اﻛ‬‫ﺸﺎف‬œ‫اﻛ‬‫ﺸﺎف‬œ‫اﻛ‬
•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫رﺷﺎد‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫رﺷﺎد‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫رﺷﺎد‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫رﺷﺎد‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬
C!‫و‬ 4 ‚‫!ن‬F- ‫א‬ &'‫!ن‬
‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪدت‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ا-ﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﲑ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪدت‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ا-ﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﲑ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪدت‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ا-ﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﲑ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪدت‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ا-ﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﲑ‬
‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﶈﺴﻮس‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫اﶈﺴﻮس‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫اﶈﺴﻮس‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬‫اﶈﺴﻮس‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬
)١٨٧٤•١٩٢١‫م‬(‫ل‬ @'‫ن‬n
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
' G5:‫ﺑﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﲢﺪد‬ ‫وﱔ‬‫ﺑﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﲢﺪد‬ ‫وﱔ‬‫ﺑﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﲢﺪد‬ ‫وﱔ‬‫ﺑﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﲢﺪد‬ ‫وﱔ‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬
‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬
١٨٧٣•١٩٥٨‫م‬(
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻞ‬
‫!ن‬::::
‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳖﺎ‬ٔ[‫ﺑ‬‫ﳖﺎ‬ٔ[‫ﺑ‬‫ﳖﺎ‬ٔ[‫ﺑ‬‫ﳖﺎ‬ٔ[‫ﺑ‬‫ﻧﺪرك‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ‬‫ﻧﺪرك‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ‬‫ﻧﺪرك‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ‬‫ﻧﺪرك‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﲆ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬:@ @t A‫!ن‬:
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬...
m Y2(!& ¬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ @< %...
4 % G% ˆ75‫א‬ ‫א‬.
٣٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺃﺷﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫م‬
( D‫א‬Ž' ' A‫ﻧﻴﺘﺸﻪ‬@ ‫א‬ C Q&% w ‫ذא‬ m Y
( !‫م‬١٩٠٠‫م‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫€א‬ •‫א‬T' %!‫و‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬( AR sn‫و‬Ž ‫ذ‬ &3 v & ‫א‬
‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ A ‫وאد‬ O%' |( 2 C Q< A@ ‫א‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺸﻪ‬‫אد‬ n@ ‫א‬ 1 G0‫א‬ ŸA ‫و‬ • 0‫و‬ ' @0
y @- O% 6@' ‫„ع‬ ‫وز‬@ ‫א‬ ”%
@ ‫א‬ - ‫אم‬ ’< = &-0‫و‬‫د‬ &<% = d‫و‬ O'‫د‬ %‫و‬ • Š M ‫א‬ ‫و‬ • O' ‫א‬ B)%
“n.M ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬‫+ق‬ D‫وא‬‫ل‬ ‫وא‬
R ‫א‬ 2% ’< '% ‫א‬ Q0 Y‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺴﺎءﻝ‬:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫؟‬M &% ' F3 A G< 4 % # B
5+ D‫א‬‚ A G< ‫א‬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ @' ^ C‫و‬ ‫؟‬ 23
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ ‫و‬5+ D‫א‬‫؟‬
☺‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﺰ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬‫ﺏ‬–
‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻘﺮﺍﻁ‬ŸA '
‫!ن‬‫•ﻠﴚء‬‫•ﻠﴚء‬‫•ﻠﴚء‬‫•ﻠﴚء‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬
•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬•‫اﻟﻔﻀﯿ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫#ﻛ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬‫ﯾﻘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬‫ﯾﻘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬‫ﯾﻘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬
1+< 3 @ ‫א‬ ' @0 1+<‫אد‬ AD‫א‬( %‫ز‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ً+)%5
5 ˆ ‫ن‬ T0 =‫و‬ 6&% ‫د‬ A M 5 ˆ ‫ن‬ T'
m _ ‫א‬
‫ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ‬C!
‫•ﻠ‬‫•ﻠ‬‫•ﻠ‬‫•ﻠ‬????‫ﻣ±ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﻣ±ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﻣ±ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﻣ±ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﲑ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘ‬
‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫ات‬‫ﲑ‬‫اﳋ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺶ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ا€ي‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻢ‬
z . A ‫א‬ C t‫א‬ ‫ز‬))))‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬
‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬
‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫§ﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬
¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶((((
ŠC %‫ﺷ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠﺮ‬)
‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳾء‬‫ﳾء‬‫ﳾء‬‫ﳾء‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﱰ‬§‫ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬œ‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﱲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
@ ‫وא‬' G5
‫ﳛ‬‫ﳛ‬‫ﳛ‬‫ﳛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬‫¢ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫دﻫﺎ‬ 2&% <'...9AC‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬‫ﻪ‬x‫ﻓ‬ ‫¹ﺮﻏﺐ‬‫ج‬‫ﻣﻮﺭ‬)١٨٧٣
'‫!ن‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰷﻣ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬
C!‫و‬‚‫!ن‬
‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬‫ﳣﲒ‬¬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ا‬
‫#ﳊﺪس‬‫#ﳊﺪس‬‫#ﳊﺪس‬‫#ﳊﺪس‬
‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬////‫ﺴ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﲑ‬§‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﲑ‬§‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﲑ‬§‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﲑ‬§
- ( ‫ن‬ T0 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @
‫אد‬ AD‫א‬1+< ‫وא‬2( %‫!ز‬
20 -¨ ‫و‬ 2<A @_‫و‬¯ ”'!
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻳﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
@ ‫א‬ @0 X ‫א‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫א‬ O ‫د‬ # m Y..
0‫א‬P ‫א‬ Y M 3 BG<!Oz C
m Y
‫و‬4 % G% ˆ
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬
‫ن‬ D‫א‬^ ‫ود‬‫ﻟﻮﺗﺴﻪ‬١٨١٧•١٨٨١‫م‬
‫و‬‫ﺭﻳﺘﺸﻠﻲ‬١٨٢٢•١٨٨٩‫م‬
‫و‬‫א‬F<(‫א‬ ‚y
☺‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﺸﻪ‬‫و‬ @ ‫א‬ A ‫وאد‬ O%
☺‫ﻓﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺸﻪ‬
y @- O% 6@' ‫„ع‬ ‫وز‬
☺@ ‫א‬ - ‫אم‬ ’< = &-0‫و‬
• ‫د‬ G<5=‫א‬A 4p 3“n
‫ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬R ‫א‬ 2% ’< '
☺‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺴﺎءﻝ‬
‫א‬ 2@- '5+ D‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 %‫س‬ M ‫א‬ ‫و‬
٣-‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‬–‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬=1+< 3 @ ‫א‬ ' @0 1+<
A @_‫و‬ ( T%‫و‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬
5 ˆ ‫ن‬ T0 =‫و‬ 6&% ‫د‬ A M 5 ˆ ‫ن‬ T'
‫د‬ A M‡‫و‬)0Cm _ ‫א‬
‫ﻣﺆﻳﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﺭﺍﺱ‬z . A ‫א‬ C t‫א‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫3ﯿﺎء‬‫ﺷ‬ٔK‫ا‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﯿﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻌﻪ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻌﻪ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻌﻪ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻌﻪ‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ‫ي‬ٔ
¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶¶ ‫3ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬}‫ﻟ‬# ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﴍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ¶
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﺭﻭﺥ‬‫ﺳﺒﻨﻴﻮﺯﺍ‬)١٦٢٢•١٦٧٧‫م‬(2&% <'
‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺷﺊ‬‫ﺷﺊ‬‫ﺷﺊ‬‫ﺷﺊ‬‫ﻧﻪ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻪ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻪ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻪ‬ٔK‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﳰﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK‫ﻧﻨﺎ‬ٔK
‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎﺱ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺰ‬)١٥٨٨•١٦٧٩‫م‬(‫ﻗﺎل‬‫ﻗﺎل‬‫ﻗﺎل‬‫ﻗﺎل‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬
‫اﺗﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﺗﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﺗﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﺗﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫و‬ٔ‫و‬ٔ‫و‬ٔ‫و‬ٔ‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬‫ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬A- ( ‫ن‬ T0 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @
2(D1+< 3 ^ <‘‫אد‬ AD‫א‬
2MC %!‫و‬20 -¨ ‫و‬ 2<A @_‫و‬
☺‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
@ ‫א‬ @0 X ‫א‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‫א‬ O ‫د‬ # m Y
0‫و‬0‫א‬P ‫א‬ Y M 3 BG<

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻥ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬
Š (‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ن‬ 3 ‫א‬P ‫א‬
'‫و‬ 23 8O 2
1 “‫وא‬
2 A ‫م‬ &%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
2A Q<@ @Y ‚
Ž › X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
Q2 0‫و‬ Q% %„3
23 2< ' X ‫א‬
‫אد‬ A!7 <¥‫א‬
63 < =‫א‬
‫ل‬ &AD‫א‬
O% ‫وא‬
B < ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬
< =‫א‬.
M0 Y..
Q0 % @%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C 2 ‫م‬ @' X ‫א‬ „z C ‫א‬..
7 <¥‫א‬ 4 B)›.
1 &' % ‫+ل‬ O%•3‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬..
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ص‬٢٩
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬
R‫א‬ <3=‫א‬ .@( 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P O% B& < 75‫א‬ ‫א‬..
‫אل‬ 5!‫ﻭﺑﺎﳋﲑ‬‚‫ل‬ &A!‫ﻭﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬
2 !‫ن‬ T†
' & ‫א‬ Ž <3 B% C ‫و‬ ‚ ‫ن‬ ( T' =
...
‫ض‬ S ‫א‬ O%‫و‬“nE 4 ‫א‬
Q &: X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 2 ‫دא‬ V T< X ‫א‬
1‫א‬ F< ‫وא‬ G& ‫א‬ 7% œ' &< ‫א‬ ‚ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5‫ق‬ A‡Q A ‫م‬ @< ‫א‬
A & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 75 % ' ;< ‫و‬ ‫و‬ T ‫א‬ ( &% 7 ‫39و‬S ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ d'
BC 63 C€F ‫א‬ w3‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ Y‫א‬ yP ‫و‬‫ق‬ (D‫א‬‫א‬
‫ل‬ ‫א‬(‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬@ ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬
3€ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬2 !‫و‬' %:
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
٣٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬:
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻥ‬
Ž ‫ذ‬ <'
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ B <3
Ÿ&3 7%
‫ن‬ G ’< '
2 (Dً 5
23 ‫ن‬ %„< '
A‫و‬ ‫ون‬ '‫و‬
20 ”<@%
+A -&<3
R ‫و‬
‫ع‬ < =‫א‬:
2AR„
O% z
‫س‬ D‫א‬& ‫א‬
% @ ‫א‬ A @)
D7 <d
‫م‬ @0Š (
‫و‬ 3‫ن‬ 3 ‫א‬
'‫و‬ 23 8
G5...
2 A ‫م‬ &%
2A Q<@ @Y ‚
Ž › X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
Q2 0‫و‬ Q% %„3
‫ﻧﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ‬‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬:@ ‫א‬ % |M% 1+< ‫א‬
!Q0 % @%‫و‬ 7 <¥‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C 2 ‫م‬ @' X ‫א‬ „z C ‫א‬
6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ &' F< ‫א‬ - 0 @ ‫א‬2(D=‫!و‬‫א‬ !‫و‬7 <¥‫א‬ 4 B)›
‫ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬1 &' % ‫+ل‬ O%
& ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ O%‫و‬! -0 ' ‫א‬ % ‫א‬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ Y‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬
A‚ „C 0%!R‫א‬ <3=‫א‬ .@( 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬P O% B& < 75‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ن‬ T† &5‫א‬ ‫א‬ 20 Y:‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬‚‫אل‬ 5!
‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‚ X ‫א‬ ' & ‫א‬ 2' Q( T02 !
= t‫א‬ O% )C' & ‫א‬ Ž <3 B% C ‫و‬ ‚ ‫ن‬ ( T' =
@ ‫א‬
P ‫א‬‫!ن‬ ‫ول‬ †‫س‬ M ‫א‬ Y O% 2G ’< '
2 @M.... :R ‫א‬ O%“n(+& ‫א‬......‫ض‬ S ‫א‬ O%‫و‬
‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬‫دو‬!m Y2(!Q &: X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 2 ‫دא‬ V T< X ‫א‬
1‫א‬ F< ‫وא‬ G& ‫א‬ 7% œ' &< ‫א‬ ‚ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 5
A & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 75 % ' ;< ‫و‬ ‫و‬ T ‫א‬ ( &% 7 ‫39و‬
' F- ‫א‬ƒ D‫א‬BC 63 C€F ‫א‬ w3‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ Y‫א‬ yP ‫و‬
+ ‫א‬ 2 M0 ‚‫ود‬..
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬)t‫א‬–‫א‬–‫ل‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ ˆ w # 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬b žD‫وא‬3€ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ ¥‫א‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ 2 &<3
23 F<'‫و‬ 2- <T'‫و‬
2 ”'‫و‬ 8 0
“ny ,n
± & ‫א‬
‫+ل‬ O%
>FM< ‫א‬
< =‫א‬
Ž ‫ذ‬ <'
‫س‬ M ‫א‬ B <3
Ÿ&3 7%
‫ن‬ G ’< '
2 (D
23 ‫ن‬ %„< '
A‫و‬ ‫ون‬ '‫و‬
20 ”<@%
☺‫ﻧﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ‬
Š ' @ ‫א‬ BT3 ‫و‬!
‫ن‬nyP6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ &' F< ‫א‬ - 0 @ ‫א‬
١-‫ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
& ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ O%‫و‬
٢-‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬
A
☺‫¼ذא‬A‫س‬ M ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ C‫ن‬ T† &5‫א‬ ‫א‬ 20 Y
‚‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎء‬...‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ‬
☺¨2(!= t‫א‬ O% )C
٣-‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬@ ‫א‬
☺‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻮﻑ‬P ‫א‬
2 @M
٤-‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
٥-‫ﺍ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳎﻬﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬
A & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 75 % ' ;< ‫و‬ ‫و‬ T ‫א‬ ( &% 7 ‫39و‬
' F- ‫א‬
+ ‫א‬ 2 M0 ‚
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% )T ‫א‬ ˆ w # 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬)‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
2M Q)ž ‫+ل‬ O% z @t‫א‬ ^FT3 <2' 2-Y # B&: X ‫א‬..
..
m;- ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%O%* - D‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‹אل‬..
- ‫وא‬ z '„ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‫‹אل‬ ‫و‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
<’ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 7% B% &< ‫א‬ ‚ O P ‫א‬ 5
A & ‫א‬ VY‫و‬ @ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬.
-&#..
‫ن‬ # <' % ‚ ‫ق‬ 0=‫א‬ M ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 2 ' X ‫א‬ z @t‫א‬ )TQ n
< ‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‚ 2 ;4 0 OTU.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﲨﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫و‬ M ‫م‬ @0‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫ﺩﻳﻮﻱ‬‫و‬
Ž' ' A‫ﺷﻴﻠﺮ‬‚‫ﺃﻥ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
!‫!ن‬‚ ^5 <' @ @t‫א‬ &%
‫0‹د‬ X ‫א‬ ž ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬2 n
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ذא‬nw( C
&5 < ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ @˜‫و‬ 75‫وא‬ O ™&0
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﺔ‬
‫ذא‬n‫و‬& ‫א‬ E M ‫א‬ ‫א‬P @;<' v
@ @Y T ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 O A93‫ل‬ Y
2M% { ’< ‫א‬ V ‫وو‬
‫و‬ ‫ل‬ @'‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬Ž ‫ذ‬ O ‫%&™א‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اب‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ا‬‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اب‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ا‬‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اب‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ا‬‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اب‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ا‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬
7% /3‫0€א‬ w( C
M@z @Y‫و‬ MA &% BC
‫ذא‬nMC 3 M&.< ‫א‬
‫א‬R M3 °z <( @s ‫!ن‬
20 &5 0
٣٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬2M Q)ž ‫+ل‬ O% z @t‫א‬ ^FT3 <2' 2-Y # B&: X ‫א‬
‫وא‬ :‫א‬ 2-Y GQ3 / Œ‫א‬ v & ‫א‬ O..
‚ R uD‫א‬ 63 ‫אزن‬ ' 2A‫س‬ !2< %
“nB & ‫א‬ A &%“‫و‬D‫א‬m;- ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬:
6 ‫‹א‬ 63 „ < ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%6 !) :‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬(‫و‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫‹אل‬
‫و‬)‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬(- ‫وא‬ z '„ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‫‹אل‬ ‫و‬
2 BG† X ‫א‬ z @t‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
60 2‰ @ ‫א‬ Ž 0 /-0 0 _ O%‫و‬6< !:١−‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬!<’ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 7% B% &< ‫א‬ ‚ O P ‫א‬ 5
M< ' ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 %“nA & ‫א‬ VY‫و‬ @ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬&' 5 2M m;-0 X ‫א‬ً‫א‬ %!-&#
‫ن‬ # <' % ‚ ‫ق‬ 0=‫א‬ M ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 2 ' X ‫א‬ z @t‫א‬ )T
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬< ‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‚ 2 ;4 0 OTU
‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﲨﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﺑﻂ‬‫!ن‬”@ ‫א‬
; ;# ‫ن‬ T0‫ذא‬nw( C
z @Y 7% M0ƒ !
BTC M<A &% B-5 O% T%
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﺪﺱ‬
, -M< ‫א‬ ( 4 ' ‫א‬
/3‫و%€א‬ B% T<% R M3 !
% @% O% ‫ن‬ T<' R‫„א‬ D‫א‬
‫ط‬ -M< =‫א‬ 2.3 ' °z <(‫و‬
z ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 3 ‫م‬ @ A..
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﱰﺍﺑﻂ‬
= -& A @ @; Y ‫א‬
, 3 ‫ن‬ T0=n‫ذא‬nv
M<A &% ‫ع‬ d 7% B% T<0
‫!و‬(‫د‬ @< ‫א‬
‫و‬ M ‫م‬ @0
Ž' ' A
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬!
‫0‹د‬ X ‫א‬ ž ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
&5 < ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ @˜‫و‬ 75‫وא‬ O ™&0
‫و‬‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ‬
; (‫ذא‬n‫و‬
@ @Y T ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 O A
2M% { ’< ‫א‬ V ‫وو‬
‫و‬ ‫ل‬ @'
‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻲ‬x‫اﳊﻘ‬
‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬‫ﻛﲈ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬x¼‫ﺳ‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬‫اﳌﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻓﻖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫اﳌ‬
OT%!@;< ‫א‬ O%
‫ن‬ 3 t‫א‬‫!ن‬”@ ‫א‬
4 ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 .0
‫ذא‬n7% /3‫0€א‬ w( C
M@z @Y‫و‬ MA &% BC
ƒ D‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
١–‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
☺‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻋﻲ‬
2(DB&:‫وא‬ :‫א‬ 2-Y G
‚ R uD‫א‬ 63 ‫אزن‬ ' 2A
& ' Q(‫א‬ C“n
☺‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
6 ‫‹א‬ 63 „ < ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%
‫ﳕﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
2 BG† X ‫א‬ z @t‫وא‬ % & ‫א‬ ‫+ل‬ O%
60 2‰ @ ‫א‬ Ž 0 /-0 0 _ O%‫و‬
٢−‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫!ن‬M< ' ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 %
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬‫ن‬ # <' % ‚ ‫ق‬ 0=‫א‬ M ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 2 ' X ‫א‬ z @t‫א‬ )T
☺‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
75‫وא‬ 7% 3 .<' %
4 %
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬‚ * <T ‫א‬
”M ‫א‬‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫د‬ % * <T ‫א‬
‚ B& 3
”M ‫א‬% %n
‫ﻓﻬ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍ‬@ @Y
!@ @Y O ™&'
4 %
‫ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻕ‬‫ﺍﳋﱪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬7% 3 .<'
‫د‬ ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫س‬ ‫א‬!% %
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬‫ﻘﻴﻘ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ذא‬nOT%!
‫ن‬ 3 t‫א‬
4 ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3 .0

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻻﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ن‬ 5 <' ‫א‬ ( C ‫و‬ ‚<Y3 Q™‫!و‬
..
‫ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬‫ـ‬
R & ‫א‬ &-< ‫א‬−‫<@+ل‬ =‫א‬ E‫و‬ w U‫و‬−
@M ‫א‬ š ‚ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺃﻭﻫﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮ‬‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
@& ‫א‬ ' Y‫و‬ FM ‫א‬ ' Y‫و‬(B ‫א‬
0‫א‬P ‫א‬ Q +@< ‫א‬ ‫س‬ U‫و‬ B& 'BC ¨ B@& ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ %‫و‬ ‫ود‬ 3‫و‬ ‫א‬ Y O% & -. ‫א‬ ' ˜(‫ن‬ (p A‚ ‫د‬ 5
@& ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ 5 BS< '‫و‬ Q<' ž &F' M Y ' ;< ‫א‬ ‚ V S< ‫א‬2 V S<..
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍﺗﻪ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ‬
Q@Y O ‫ع‬ A ‫وא‬ @ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ (-&< ‫א‬
@& ‫وא‬ M ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ V'P&< ‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ˆ 4 %
6 z . ‫א‬# & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‚<Y ‫אط‬ @ ‫و‬
' C:
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬BTC..
‫وאن‬ Q - M 3 ‫د‬ % 2A ‫د‬ % Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫ن‬ A
Q<A &% &%‫و‬ 1 & ‫א‬ {’FQ ‫א‬ Y
Q - M 3 u 2A u Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫وאن‬ Q - M 3 2A Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫ن‬ A”'!
- M 3 u ‫ن‬ C ‚<Y - M 3 W <' % BTA
‫ون‬ –‫א‬Q(‫א‬..
٣٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻻﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬‫ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ن‬ 5 <' ‫א‬ ( C ‫و‬ ‚<Y
‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ Q0 5‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬P3 /-0 0 ‫و‬ & ‫א‬..
/FM0‫و‬ ‫و‬ -0X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ V ‫א‬P ‫א‬ ‫د‬ &0
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 ‫א‬ w ‫و‬ M0Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ G& ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬
š ‚ @ ‫א‬
( @ ‫א‬−‫و‬' T ‫א‬ (‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
−R & ‫א‬ &-< ‫א‬
@M ‫א‬ š ‚ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﺃﺟﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫د‬ ‫א‬ 7<›' t 3)' Y! ‫א‬@& ‫א‬ ' Y‫و‬ FM ‫א‬ ' Y‫و‬
‚ ‫د‬ 5 Q(‫א‬ ‚ t‫א‬‫!ن‬0‫א‬P ‫א‬ Q +@< ‫א‬ ‫س‬ U‫و‬ B& '
)‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ %‫و‬ ‫ود‬ 3‫و‬ ‫א‬ Y O% & -. ‫א‬ ' ˜
@& ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ 5 BS< '‫و‬ Q<' ž &F' M Y ' ;< ‫א‬ ‚ V S< ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬25 4 1 5 ‫وא‬yQ@Y O ‫ع‬ A ‫وא‬ @ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ (
2@ ‫א‬ # BC V u‫و‬y‫א‬ Cp‫א‬‫!و‬@& ‫وא‬ M ‫وא‬ ( - ‫א‬ V'P&< ‫א‬
|M% O%‫!ن‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫א‬ ‫و‬ Y‫א‬..
O +”A ‫א‬P ‫و‬‫!ن‬O% P‘‫א‬ # & ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
2< 52— PM% ‫א‬6 z . ‫א‬
C ‫وא‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ # ‫و‬..' C
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬Ž P3 G5‫و‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Š ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺍﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫وאن‬ Q - M 3 ‫د‬ % 2A ‫د‬ % Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫ن‬ A
Q - M 3 ‫د‬ % ¨ 2A ‫د‬ % ¨ Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬- M 3Q<A &% &%‫و‬ 1 & ‫א‬ {’F
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬'‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫اﻟﴩ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬
Q - M 3 u 2A u Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫وאن‬ Q - M 3 2A Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫ن‬ A
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬- M 3 u ‫ن‬ C ‚<Y - M 3 W <' % BTA
‚<Y - M 3 u W4€&' % BC‫و‬ Ž!Q A‫ون‬ –‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
٢-‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
☺‫ﻳ‬‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺼﺪ‬‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫ذ‬ ‘‫א‬ ‚ Q0 5‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬P3 /-0 0 ‫و‬ & ‫א‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
/FM0‫و‬ ‫و‬ -0
Y‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 ‫א‬ w ‫و‬ M0
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬
-T ‫א‬ ‫<@+ل‬ =‫א‬−‫و‬š ‚ @ ‫א‬
Q -@0‫و‬ @M ‫א‬−‫و‬( @ ‫א‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬R @0 ‫א‬‫א‬T
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ذ‬n‫ن‬n‫د‬ ‫א‬ 7<›
‚ ‫د‬ 5 Q(‫א‬ ‚ t‫א‬
' ;< ‫א‬)
@& ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ 5 BS< '‫و‬ Q<' ž &F' M Y ' ;< ‫א‬ ‚ V S< ‫א‬
٣–‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺣﱰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
OQ'!2@ ‫א‬ # BC V u‫و‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ‬
=|M% O%
=O +”A ‫א‬P ‫و‬
=<02< 5
C ‫وא‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ # ‫و‬
‫ﺃ‬–‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﺎﺟﻮﺭﺍﺱ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
−‫ل‬ @'‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﰻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬
−‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺍﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
Q - M 3 ‫د‬ % ¨ 2A ‫د‬ % ¨ Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5
−‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
−‫ﻭﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬
−Q - M 3 u 2A u Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫وאن‬ Q - M 3 2A Q(‫א‬ Ãu O ‫ل‬ 5 ‫ن‬ A
−‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻰ‬‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‚<Y - M 3 u W4€&' % BC‫و‬ Ž

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬
7 ' y„ ›‫و‬“nB5 Oz C Q(‫א‬
‫אس‬ t‫א‬ O% Q 090 X ‫א‬
Q Y O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ @ @Y‫و‬ Q ( @ @Y ± Q @ B &'..
‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‚
6@ ‫א‬ G%‫و‬ @ @t‫א‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻠﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬:
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
¨‫!ن‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻛﺲ‬)١٨١٨–١٨٨٣‫م‬(Q(‫א‬ 5!‫و‬
B)% % ‚ ‫„وא‬C:‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ¸ﺘﻤﻊ‬@A‫א‬ !
‚ „C 0 < ‫א‬‫!ن‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
Q D‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬..
”t‫א‬ yP V O ™&' P ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬B)U ‫א‬P ‫و‬
‫ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻭﻳ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‬‫ﺓ‬
QM 3 2F5 M &5 < ‫א‬ = <Y=‫א‬ BC‫و‬ 2M 3 ‫אزن‬ '‫و‬ MT ‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | ‫א‬ BC ‫א‬ ' Ž ‫ذ‬
- M 3 z 2M ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ † P ‫א‬
Q ‫ض‬ ' /S4 O |M ‫א‬ ŸS3 t‫א‬
Q0‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O ‫ل‬ > %‫و‬ <¢‫و‬ ‫<„م‬ % 2A Q /S4 Ä ‫ن‬ C ‚<Y‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ O%Q &A!‫و‬.
٣٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬6z . A ‫א‬ M
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﺾ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‚ C‹‫!ن‬%‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
^5 <'QC‫א‬ ‫د‬nM y‫د‬Yp‫א‬‫אس‬ t‫א‬ O% Q 090 X ‫א‬
Q Y O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ @ @Y‫و‬ Q ( @ @Y ± Q @ B &'
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿ‬‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿ‬‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿ‬‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫ﺴﺎﱐ‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎﱐ‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎﱐ‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎﱐ‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﱔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﱔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﱔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﱔ‬
Q0 -‫اﻟﺸﻬﲑة‬‫اﻟﺸﻬﲑة‬‫اﻟﺸﻬﲑة‬‫اﻟﺸﻬﲑة‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ا‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻓﻜﺮ‬ٔ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬‫א‬ ;M ‫א‬ ‫א‬P ‚
M% 2A _ O%‫و‬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ 63 Q 5‫ط‬6@ ‫א‬ G%‫و‬ @ @t‫א‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
Q M3 Q< % 7( #
Ž ‫ذ‬ O‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﺴﺎن‬ٕ‫ﻻ‬‫ا‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬p‫ﯾﻮ‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬p‫ﯾﻮ‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬p‫ﯾﻮ‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬p‫ﯾﻮ‬‫ان‬‫ان‬‫ان‬‫ان‬
‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫ﺑﻘﻔﺰﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﻘﻔﺰﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﻘﻔﺰﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﻘﻔﺰﻫﺎ‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫ٕﱃ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫א‬ - ' ‫د‬ ‫א‬nQ(‫א‬‫ذא‬n‫ن‬ C‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
R ‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ X%‫و‬ ^ C ' ˜ 7 .< ' =“n‫د‬ ‫א‬
y‫د‬ ‫و‬ &3 7 .< '‫!ن‬Q M3 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ % 7MG'
‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻩ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬:'x Y‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫ذ‬- M 3 -zQ D
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬@ @t‫א‬ ”t‫א‬ 7% ‫م‬R+<' P ‫א‬‫!و‬”t‫א‬ yP V O ™&' P ‫א‬
BG'“n‫و‬‫אد‬ AD‫א‬‫وא‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
& ¬ F- ‫א‬ 63 BA T< ‫وא‬ ‫ون‬ &.
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﳚﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬‫ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﲟﺤﺾ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ‬‫ﺍﳊﺮ‬
QM 3 2F5 M &5 < ‫א‬ = <Y=‫א‬ BC‫و‬ 2M 3 ‫אزن‬ '‫و‬ MT ‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | ‫א‬ BC ‫א‬ ' Ž ‫ذ‬
7% Q<5+ -< =‫א‬O' –‫א‬‚‫!ن‬- M 3 z 2M ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ † P ‫א‬
% ^5‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ^5 % D4 Q Q U‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Q ‫ض‬ ' /S4 O |M ‫א‬ ŸS3 t‫א‬
Q0‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O ‫ل‬ > %‫و‬ <¢‫و‬ ‫<„م‬ % 2A Q /S4 Ä ‫ن‬ C ‚<Y‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ O%
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺏ‬–‫ﺳﻘﺮﺍﻁ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
−‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﺾ‬
−‫ﺃﻛﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬
−‫אط‬ @ 7A M ‫و‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬
−S-M' +A _ O%‫و‬‫!ن‬^5 <'
−‚ &A‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫!ن‬Q Y O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ @ @Y‫و‬ Q ( @ @Y ± Q @ B &'
‫ﺃ‬–‫ﺩﻳﻜﺎﺭﺕ‬-‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
=T'‫د‬ Q M' ‫ل‬ 5‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬‫ٕن‬‫ا‬
=% ‫א‬P ‫و‬y C!Q0 -
=‫ل‬ ‫א‬ B@& AR uD‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬
=‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﱪﺕ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬Q M3 Q< % 7( #
™ 5‫و‬‫ﺳﺎﺭﺗﺮ‬)١٩٠٥•١٩٨٠‫م‬(Ž ‫ذ‬ O
‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫و‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫و‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫و‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﺮ‬˜ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫و‬ ‫˜ﻜﻮن‬‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫ن‬ٔ‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬‫اﻟﱵ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﺰة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻮ‬‫˜ﻜ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫א‬ - ' ‫د‬ ‫א‬
R ‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ X%‫و‬ ^ C ' ˜ 7 .< ' =
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻪ‬y‫د‬ ‫و‬ &3 7 .< '
‫ﻭﺫﻫﺐ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬
S-M' P ‫وא‬‫!ن‬BG'
< ‫وא‬ O% ”< ‫א‬ 5& ¬ F- ‫א‬ 63 BA T< ‫وא‬ ‫ون‬ &
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
٤–‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬
#−‫و‬QM 3 2F5 M &5 < ‫א‬ = <Y=‫א‬ BC‫و‬ 2M 3 ‫אزن‬ '‫و‬ MT ‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | ‫א‬ BC ‫א‬ ' Ž ‫ذ‬
&4‫وא‬ Q ( 63‫و‬7% Q<5+ -< =‫א‬
% ^5‫א‬ ‫א‬ O% ^5 % D
Q0‫א‬ < ‫א‬ O ‫ل‬ > %‫و‬ <¢‫و‬ ‫<„م‬ % 2A Q /S4 Ä ‫ن‬ C ‚<Y‫و‬ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ O%

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
20 2%!‫א‬ ‫א‬ Y!
‫א‬ 7% '‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ O . ‫א‬ 7% ' t‫א‬
% T ‫א‬ > ‫א‬ °<M< 0 % T ‫א‬ ' t‫א‬
^FT ‫وא‬ 2; 4 0 ‚ + ‫א‬ ‫ص‬2< 5 Ot‫א‬...
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
y % C Y
7”'
B !BTF3
^@' v‫م‬ %n
'x O B& ‫א‬ < ‫א‬
T 0 &3
.< ‫א‬ 7% 3 0‫و‬
y < ‫א‬ ‫م‬‫!و‬
y 4 < ‫א‬ .< ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
n B& @& ‫א‬šQ<‫ودون‬ B& 3
‫ط‬ S4 D ‫ع‬ ” ‫א‬...‫ﻓﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬‫אم‬ 5p‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
@ ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ &(‫א‬ 7% B& ‫א‬)/S” ‫א‬(‫א‬
‫ود‬ Y b+)3 ' t‫א‬ /-0 0:
@< ‫א‬ M< G’u O ™&' P ‫א‬ z @ < ‫א‬
( (p‫א‬; ;G ‫א‬m Y O% ! -0
Q0‫א‬P3 ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬..Q(93‫و‬‫د‬ 5‫و‬ < =‫א‬ ‚ ‫د‬ 5
‫دود‬ C R‫ل‬ &A!'‫אد‬ n ¨..
‫ود‬ Y‫و‬, u B)›!' ;2 (
‫و‬ ” 3 + ‫א‬ Q ' š...
' t 3 &F' ‚<Y 2 V S< ‫وא‬ 22 ‫א‬ %
‚<Y & -. ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 A &‰ .-0 % M0 Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ O% R„ F-C Os‫و‬
‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ yP A &%‫و‬ ^FC F- ‫א‬ 7 .< ' % @
' t 3 &u Y % ‫0„دאد‬ % @3 23 . Œ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ |2 :.
٣٧
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬
‚<%¾ ‫و‬ 5‫و‬ ‫س‬ M ‫א‬ ¾ -&< ‫א‬20 2%!
W(nB”A!‫א‬ 7% '‫د‬ -& ‫א‬ O . ‫א‬ 7% ' t‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬&' F ‫وא‬ B@& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2F3 Y
% T ‫א‬ > ‫א‬ °<M< 0 % T ‫א‬ ' t‫א‬
Y X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬^FT ‫وא‬ 2; 4 0 ‚ + ‫א‬ ‫ص‬
‫ﻫﻮﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬.A‫!ن‬y % C Y
0 B ‫א‬‫دون‬ & -. ‫א‬ %‫!ن‬7”'
‫א‬ Y!‫א‬± ;<' 2A 2@' ,“nB !
Y‫و‬ z @ 0‫ﻃﺎﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬^@' v
& -. ‫א‬ Q<C Yt‫א‬n‫א‬z
:OTU' ; 6 ( 63 „ < ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﲟﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
Q@- ' % ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ QT ' ± BT
‫א‬Bz‫א‬ -..M Y‫و‬2 A T '
‫א‬ ‫א‬ Q @ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Q0‫אد‬ ¼3 Y! <À‫و‬
‫אد‬ p‫وא‬ T ‫א‬ < % ' t‫א‬ †...
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
n B& @& ‫א‬
‫ط‬ S4 D ‫ع‬ ” ‫א‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
@ ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ &(‫א‬ 7% B& ‫א‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬=‫ود‬ Y b+)3 ' t‫א‬ /-0 0
‫ﻧﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺄﻧﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬@< ‫א‬ M< G’u O ™&' P ‫א‬ z @ < ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬t A( (p‫א‬
'„' S ‫א‬ t‫א‬ 2<M0!&u ! -' m Y O%Q0‫א‬P3 ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
‫وאن‬ t‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ ‚Q &A!= & (‫א‬ <( w‫!و‬‫دود‬ C R
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ˆ B3‫ود‬ Y..‫ود‬ Y‫و‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻞ‬‫و‬ ” 3 + ‫א‬ Q ' š
' ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 ± M ‫و‬‚‫ن‬ (p‫א‬' t 3 &F' ‚<Y 2 V S< ‫وא‬ 22 ‫א‬ %
‚<Y & -. ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 A &‰ .-0 % M0 Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ O% R„ F-C Os‫و‬
‫و‬ M<% ’ 0 OTU3‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ yP A &%‫و‬ ^FC F- ‫א‬ 7 .< ' % @
' t 3 &u Y % ‫0„دאد‬ % @3 23 . Œ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ |
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
#-‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬
"‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬"
"‫ﺭﻭﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ‬"
"‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬"
"‫ﺳﺎﺭﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ‬"
#−AO% ' t!Y X ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬‫ن‬ (p‫وא‬
t‫א‬:W& ‫א‬ ‫א‬P23
‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬
0 B ‫א‬
‫א‬ Y!
Y‫و‬ z @ 0
& -. ‫א‬ Q<C Y
‫ﺟ‬‫ـ‬-‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﲟﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬AQ@- ' % ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ QT ' ± BT
63 < =‫א‬ ( T%n‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Q @ ‫و‬ t‫א‬ Q0‫אد‬ ¼3 Y! <À‫و‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬‫אد‬ p‫وא‬ T ‫א‬ < % ' t‫א‬ †
‫ﺩ‬–‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬
١=‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
=‫ﻧﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ون‬ 3‫و‬!‫ط‬ S4
=‫א‬P ‫و‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
'„' S ‫א‬ t‫א‬ 2<M0
‫وאن‬ t‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ ‚
٢=‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
=‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
=‫و‬‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻞ‬
' ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 ± M ‫و‬
=‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬‚<Y & -. ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 A &‰ .-0 % M0 Y‫و‬ & -. ‫א‬ O% R„ F-C Os‫و‬
‫و‬ M<% ’ 0 OTU
' t 3 &u Y % ‫0„دאد‬ % @3 23 . Œ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ |

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
G ‫א‬ 1 23 ¾ ž‫وא‬ M‫!و‬M ‫א‬ ! 3‫و‬ „M ‫א‬
2< ‫و‬ 20 5‫و‬ E ' ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 &0 wMC
E ' ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 Ž<A &‰ & -. ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ yP
T ' % 5 ‚ &A 2<2 ‫وא‬ X ‫א‬ -&G ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | ‫א‬ y
Q & 0 P ‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ > % B ;<0 % @3 ‫א‬ Y ‫ن‬ T0
‫وאن‬‫ن‬ (p‫א‬t‫א‬ Q & Ä‫ﺃ‬‫ﻥ‬:
2( C 2M <(‫א‬ @A Ž PC w( C
6(‫א‬ @ ‫ع‬ ” ‫وא‬5+ D‫א‬
@ &' F< ‫وא‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬Q< ( (nQ<' Y 2&% @A‫و‬
M X ‫א‬ ^5‫א‬ ‫א‬‫!ن‬<Á‫!و‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬S-M' =‫!ن‬BG (
Q & 0 P ‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ > % B ;<0 % @3 ‫א‬ Y ‫ن‬ T0..
‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬..‫ول‬ † ‫و‬ Q(‫وא‬
w5 ‫א‬ Š (‫ذ‬n‫ن‬ (¹ OTU =‫!ن‬* 2'
' t‫א‬ O% @ ‫א‬ Š ( ‚
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬‫ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﲟﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫א‬ 4n‫و‬.
Q0‫א‬ < ‫وא‬ Q<' Y š ™ y‫د‬ ‫و‬...‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬‫ـ‬...Q# Y
”'!‫ذ‬‫א‬( (n2<' Y ‫س‬ ›
Kn‫و‬|M% ' Yw(9Av % Y
٣٨
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
Ÿ&3‫و‬ Ž(‫א‬ VŽz 5 #!5¾P !G ‫א‬ 1 23 ¾ ž‫وא‬ M
‫אج‬ %D‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫ن‬ A <(‫א‬ ‫ذא‬ A E ' ‫وא‬‫¼ذא‬A2< ‫و‬ 20 5‫و‬ E ' ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 &0 wMC
Ž<' Y @Y 5 Ž( A M ‫א‬R‫زא‬nE ' ‫א‬ 6(‫א‬ 5 Ž<A &‰ & -. ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ” ‫א‬ yP
P ‚ . ‫א‬T ' % 5 ‚ &A 2<2 ‫وא‬ X ‫א‬ -&G ‫א‬ & -. ‫א‬ 1‫و‬ | ‫א‬ y
' t‫א‬ O% Q|Y ‫ن‬ T' % @3 &'‫و‬.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﻥ‬w(9AQ & 0 P ‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ > % B ;<0 % @3 ‫א‬ Y ‫ن‬ T0
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻙ‬‫وאن‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬2(D‫ن‬n2( C 2M <(‫א‬ @A Ž PC w( C
“n4 A..‫ن‬D:
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬6(‫א‬ @ ‫ع‬ ” ‫وא‬
( ( @ ‫א‬ &' F< ‫وא‬ _‫א‬ ‫وא‬ 1‫א‬ D 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫وא‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬@ &' F< ‫وא‬ 6(‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬‫א‬ < =‫א‬ O%‫!و‬M X ‫א‬ ^5‫א‬ ‫א‬
Q -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ 6 ;<% 2 @(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎﻳﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ذ‬n2(n‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬
–‫א‬w(9AQ & 0 P ‫א‬ B& ‫א‬ > % B ;<0 % @3 ‫א‬ Y ‫ن‬ T0
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﲡﺎﻩ‬
Q ( ‫وع‬ F% @˜Kn2 C ( (¹ <Àw5 ‫א‬ Š (
y : > 3O' –‫א‬..
-A ˜ % @3 Y Ž(‫א‬O' Æ' t‫א‬ O% @ ‫א‬ Š ( ‚
O Ž< > % <Ž &A!‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬
‫م‬ ‚ Ž# Y @3 YR‫א‬P'nO' –‫א‬
Q@ @˜‫و‬Q0‫א‬ < ‫وא‬ Q<' Y š ™ y‫د‬ ‫و‬
' Y ‚ &< ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚O' –‫א‬2(D' 2M ‫א‬”'!
% › Q )% 20‫א‬ < ‫وא‬..ً
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺍ‬‫ن‬ (¹ @ .% ' Y 0 = OTKn‫و‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
=‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬:Ÿ&3‫و‬ Ž(‫א‬ V
V 3 B' <0‫אج‬ %D‫א‬
T;<<Ž<' Y @Y 5 Ž( A M ‫א‬
ˆ+S< ‫א‬ Q C‫و‬P ‚ . ‫א‬
‫ن‬ (p‫א‬' t‫א‬ O% Q|Y ‫ن‬ T' % @3 &'‫و‬
٣=‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
=‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻨﻔﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
=‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬
w ˜‫و‬ ' Y“n
=‫ﻓﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
( ( @ ‫א‬ &' F< ‫وא‬ _‫א‬ ‫وא‬ 1‫א‬ D 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫وא‬
=‫ﻭ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
=‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
Q -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ 6 ;<% 2 @(
=‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎﻳﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‬
=‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
!O Y–‫א‬
=‫ﺇ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
Q ( ‫وع‬ F% @˜
O%‫س‬ Yp‫א‬y : > 3
=‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬-A ˜ % @3 Y Ž(‫א‬
=‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬0O Ž< > % <
‫ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻬﻢ‬w(!‫و‬‫م‬ ‚ Ž# Y @3 Y
=‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬PA‫ذن‬nQ@ @˜‫و‬
' Y ‚ &< ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚
% › Q )% 20‫א‬ < ‫وא‬
=‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬"‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺃ‬
ً
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺍ‬
”0...

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬:T3
Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫אذ‬
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫!ذ‬ A‫א‬ 0 B
-& ‫א‬ yP E u‫א‬
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫א‬ W& ‫وא‬ @ ‫אج‬.
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
63 C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ B) <' ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
& ‫א‬ 2 V S' ==‫د‬ ‫א‬ G’u =‫د‬ O% @ ‫א‬ w ˜%.Ž ‫ذ‬ 63
. "-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
= O%‫وز‬ 7 <d‫و‬ ‫د‬ A O% ^ <‘ @ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
@ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ C! %‫و‬ u‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ,+A‫وא‬ ‫אط‬ @.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫אذ‬ '‹0 B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
٣٩
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
@ ‫وא‬ ^ < ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫م‬ &M0.'‹0 B.Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫אذ‬
^ < 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
M ^ < ‫א‬ 1)Š'‫و‬ '‫زא‬) .
TA ‫ط‬ F( ^ < ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
<¢ 5 &% ^ <.-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
> - ‫א‬ BC M' =.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
> - ‫א‬ BC M' ^ < ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫وא‬ =‫א‬^ < ‫א‬ 5 &% O% ‫ن‬ T0 5.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫د‬ -C ‫א‬ <.Ž ‫ذ‬ A
T'‫د‬ M 6FY < ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ 5=‫א‬ O („ › ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
‫م‬ @< Ã.- ‫א‬ ' . ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬.Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫!ذ‬ A‫א‬ 0 B
^ < ‫א‬ -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %.
^ < ‫א‬ * ¨ -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %.
@ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
‫د‬ &<% V(‫א‬ S ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ yP E u‫א‬
@ Y+.#=‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
) ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ G<@0.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫م‬ &M0‫א‬ W& ‫وא‬ @ ‫אج‬
! 5 73 ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
t‫א‬–‫א‬–‫ل‬ ‫א‬)
.M ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ B)› t‫א‬ 5.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ B)› ‫א‬ 5.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫ن‬ 5 ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ m;-.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
63 C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ B) <' ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
‫א‬ T ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ .0 •4‫و‬.
& ‫א‬ 2 V S' ==‫د‬ ‫א‬ G’u =‫د‬ O% @ ‫א‬ w ˜
m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ - ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬ O% ‫אول‬"F< (. "
/@A ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ C ‫م‬ ’ 0.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 63 „ %.
- ( 5 ˆ @ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ )%= 3 B ‫د‬0‫ذא‬.
@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O ‫زא‬ M- ‫و‬ z . A ‫א‬ ™&'.
= O%‫وز‬ 7 <d‫و‬ ‫د‬ A O% ^ <‘ @ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
@ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ C! %‫و‬ u‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ,+A‫وא‬ ‫אط‬ @
@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ M0 0‫א‬P ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
£&% 4 %‫و‬ 0‫ذא‬ - ( @ ‫א‬.Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫אذ‬ '‹0 B
2 ‫א‬ (‫وא‬ @ ‫א‬ & -, -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %.
@ 3 ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ /-0€'.-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
‫אغ‬ A O% 2— @ ‫א‬ A.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
& ‫א‬ G ‫دو‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
@ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 E u‫א‬)A & ‫א‬ VY) .
6 ‫א‬ 60 2‰ /-0€' @ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 K.
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
!=‫و‬:09' V ‫א‬
1-@ ‫وא‬ ^ < ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫م‬ &M0
2-^ < 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
3-M ^ < ‫א‬ 1
4-TA ‫ط‬ F( ^ < ‫א‬
5-<¢ 5 &% ^ <
6-^ < ‫א‬> - ‫א‬ BC M' =
7-> - ‫א‬ BC M' ^ < ‫א‬
8-‫وא‬ =‫א‬
9-‫د‬ -C ‫א‬ <
10-T'‫د‬ M 6FY < ‫א‬ ‫אم‬ 5=‫א‬ O („ › ‫א‬
11-‫م‬ @< Ã.- ‫א‬ ' . ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬
12-^ < ‫א‬ -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %
13-^ < ‫א‬ * ¨ -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %
14-@ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
15-‫د‬ &<% V(‫א‬ S ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W& ‫א‬
16-@ Y+.#=‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
17-) ‫א‬ < ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ G<@0
18-‫א‬ W& ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫م‬ &M0
19-! 5 73 ‫א‬
20-5 63 „ %)t‫א‬
21-.M ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ B)› t‫א‬ 5
22-‫ل‬ ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ B)› ‫א‬ 5
23-‫ن‬ 5 ‫ل‬ ‫א‬ m;-
24-63 C€F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ B) <' ‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
R u=‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ . ‫אو‬ ;# B
25-‫א‬ T ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ .0 •4‫و‬
26-& ‫א‬ 2 V S' ==‫د‬ ‫א‬ G’u =‫د‬ O% @ ‫א‬ w ˜
27-m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ - ‫م‬ ’< ‫א‬ O% ‫אول‬
28-/@A ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ C ‫م‬ ’ 0
29-@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 63 „ %
30-- ( 5 ˆ @ ‫א‬ ‫אن‬ )%= 3 B ‫د‬
31-@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O ‫زא‬ M- ‫و‬ z . A ‫א‬ ™&'
32-= O%‫وز‬ 7 <d‫و‬ ‫د‬ A O% ^ <‘ @ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬
33-@ - M ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫وא‬ C! %‫و‬ u‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ,+A‫وא‬ ‫אط‬ @
34-@ ‫א‬@ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ M0 0‫א‬P ‫א‬
35-£&% 4 %‫و‬ 0‫ذא‬ - ( @ ‫א‬
36-2 ‫א‬ (‫وא‬ @ ‫א‬ & -, -0€ ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ %
37-@ 3 ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ /-0€'
38-‫אغ‬ A O% 2— @ ‫א‬ A
39-& ‫א‬ G ‫دو‬ @ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
40-@ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 E u‫א‬
41-6 ‫א‬ 60 2‰ /-0€' @ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 K

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﲨﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺔ‬
)١٢‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬(
‫د‬ &<% |‰ > - Q-Y O ™&' ‫!ن‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ .< ‫א‬.* B ‫د‬٣)%!
/@A(
)٩‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬(
%! % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ 93 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ V0€'..B ‫د‬
-@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t ً5 ) %..* <T'٣‫د‬ M3
2 T˜ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 ± M ‫و‬ @ .% w ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬.Ž'! 3 V@
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬)٩‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬(
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 7% > - ‫א‬ . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y % ! 3
‫ن‬ ,+A!(
–‫א‬ - ; 5+ D‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O%.
5‫د‬ # ' ”5 BC‫و‬ ; ;# , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 5.‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬
½' < ‫א‬ z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ |Y+ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % C‫אذ‬
‫א‬ T < ‫א‬ O% M&M› F- ‫א‬ ŠM ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫!و‬ ‫!ن‬ ‫ن‬ T 3 '.6 )‰ •4‫و‬
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ {z G O%
2< <( ‫ق‬ G ًÅ Y ! z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% BTF0
٤٠
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬٢٠١٦-٢٠١٧‫ﲨﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ً
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
)...‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬(
w ‫د‬ % R 4 M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % 1
( (p‫א‬ „M ‫א‬ @3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
‫د‬ &<% |‰ > - Q-Y O ™&' ‫!ن‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ .< ‫א‬
• M< =‫א‬ V0€'+TF% F- ‫א‬)B Y٣/@A
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬...
‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O Q A‫د‬ M € 3 ! C‫אذ‬
%! % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ 93 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ V0€'
> - ‫א‬ Ž< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ R 4 { ’< ‫א‬-@ ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @t ً5 ) %
2 T˜ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 ± M ‫و‬ @ .% w ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 7% > - ‫א‬ . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y % ! 3
@ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ F( ‫س‬ ( ' „(
ً & -, ً% |( ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |( . ! ™< ‫א‬
O% BC M @ .% 4 % @ ‫א‬ & -,)‫אط‬ @–‫ن‬ ,+A!
ً
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬)...‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬(
–‫א‬ - ; 5+ D‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O%
4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ 4 ' ‫א‬ ' &< 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
5‫د‬ # ' ”5 BC‫و‬ ; ;# , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 5
. ! M ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ @< + Q ‫א‬ @M ‫א‬ œ5 (.
‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬...
½' < ‫א‬ z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ |Y+ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % C‫אذ‬
‫א‬ T < ‫א‬ O% M&M› F- ‫א‬ ŠM ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫!و‬ ‫!ن‬ ‫ن‬ T 3 '
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ {z G O%
.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ B YM
2< <( ‫ق‬ G ًÅ Y ! z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% BTF0
@.M% µ‫د‬ -% ‫وא‬ 2' - ‫א‬ <&0
V' < ‫א‬ O% - ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ‫=ن‬ ‫و‬ '
' ‫א‬ V t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 9F( M A
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬)...
١−w ‫د‬ % R 4 M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ D‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % 1
٢−( (p‫א‬ „M ‫א‬ @3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
٣−‫د‬ &<% |‰ > - Q-Y O ™&' ‫!ن‬ ' @ ‫א‬ G ‫א‬ ‫ع‬ .< ‫א‬
٤−• M< =‫א‬ V0€'
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬:‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
١−‫אن‬ t‫א‬ ‫ق‬ @Y O Q A‫د‬ M € 3 ! C‫אذ‬
٢−%! % & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ 93 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ V0€'
٣−> - ‫א‬ Ž< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ R 4 { ’< ‫א‬
٤−2 T˜ ‫א‬ ‫و‬ 4 ± M ‫و‬ @ .% w ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
١−# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ 7% > - ‫א‬ . ‫وא‬ ‫+ل‬S< =‫א‬ Y % ! 3
٢−@ 0 - ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ F( ‫س‬ ( ' „(
٣−ً & -, ً% |( ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |( . ! ™< ‫א‬
٤−O% BC M @ .% 4 % @ ‫א‬ & -,
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
١−‫ض‬ ‫א‬٣–‫א‬ - ; 5+ D‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O%
٢−4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ 4 ' ‫א‬ ' &< 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
٣−5‫د‬ # ' ”5 BC‫و‬ ; ;# , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 5
٤−. ! M ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ @< + Q ‫א‬ @M ‫א‬ œ5 (
‫ﺍﳋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺎﻣﺲ‬:‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
١−½' < ‫א‬ z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ |Y+ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % C‫אذ‬
٢−‫א‬ T < ‫א‬ O% M&M› F- ‫א‬ ŠM ‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‫!و‬ ‫!ن‬ ‫ن‬ T 3 '
٣−)‫ل‬ &%(‫د‬ Y٣# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ {z G O%
٤−.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ B Y
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ‬
١−2< <( ‫ق‬ G ًÅ Y ! z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% BTF0
٢−@.M% µ‫د‬ -% ‫وא‬ 2' - ‫א‬ <&0
٣−V' < ‫א‬ O% - ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ‫=ن‬ ‫و‬ '
٤−3 (' ‫א‬ V t‫א‬ ‫م‬ 9F( M A

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
> - ‫א‬ ' t B ‫א‬ % .< ‫א‬ B & ‫وא‬ > - ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ B P‘!.B ‫د‬
- ‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ O : M ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ Y! M.#=‫א‬ * •p‫א‬ &'
> - ‫א‬ ' t ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬ ˆ‫و‬ M0 X ‫א‬ 7 4‫א‬ ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬.
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 6-0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ± M.B ‫د‬٦2M%.
2 — ; ‫ل‬ Y b+_ E€5!.
0 ¬™ ‫א‬ M T.-& ‫א‬ B Y.
m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ > - ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y % 2—.
)' t‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' &% O% ‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬.
‫د‬ ‫א‬ B)%D‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< =‫א‬ “n.
4 ' ‫א‬ & -, 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' |M ‫א‬ O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y.
3‫ذ‬ C ' ”5 7 ¬‫و‬ ; ;#.‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬.
-& ‫א‬ yP B Y.
.‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬.
Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2A T ‫א‬ y :=‫א‬ Ÿ&- ‫א‬ ‚M-0.œ5 (.
B% ‫א‬ < ‫ن‬."
- ˆ ‫!ن‬ =n 0 3‫و‬ ‫א‬ MT0 '‫%„א‬ O% ¨ 3..
٤١
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬٢٠١٦-٢٠١٧‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ً
w ‫د‬ % R 4 % & ‫א‬ — 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
@ Y+.#=‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ !.
> - ‫א‬ ' t B ‫א‬ % .< ‫א‬ B & ‫وא‬ > - ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ B P‘!
- ‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ O : M ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ Y! M.#=‫א‬ * •p‫א‬ &'
.2M% ' ”5 b+_ B Y.
> - ‫א‬ ' t ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬ ˆ‫و‬ M0 X ‫א‬ 7 4‫א‬ ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 6-0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ± M
> - ‫א‬ Ž< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫+ل‬ O%.2 — ; ‫ل‬ Y b+_ E€5!
& ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ ‚ @ @t‫א‬ &% ^5 <' • ‫د‬0 ¬™ ‫א‬ M T
m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ > - ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y % 2—
)' t‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' &% O% ‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! _‫א‬ % 1 20‫د‬ ‫א‬ B)%D‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< =‫א‬ “n
@ .% ' Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' Y &0.
ً
* ; @.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ D‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬.
4 ' ‫א‬ & -, 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' |M ‫א‬ O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y
, -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 53‫ذ‬ C ' ”5 7 ¬‫و‬ ; ;#
* < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ n M 20 ‫א‬ % V8 ‫وط‬ u ± M.-& ‫א‬ yP B Y
w ‫د‬ % R 4 z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ _ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % ‫د‬ Y.
‫م‬ < =‫א‬ O% 3= mž R‫א‬ n MM & ‫א‬ ž.
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% ‫س‬ @ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 3 5.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬
M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2A T ‫א‬ y :=‫א‬ Ÿ&- ‫א‬ ‚M-0
M ‫ق‬ 0=‫א‬ @' , O ™&' ‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ ‫0+زم‬"B% ‫א‬ < ‫ن‬
0‫א‬P ‫א‬ 2Y 4 4 ' ‫א‬ 23 ' ”5 ‫د‬ G ‫א‬.
6 <¢ O' &% B- .M% Š 9<'
- ˆ ‫!ن‬ =n 0 3‫و‬ ‫א‬ MT0 '‫%„א‬ O% ¨ 3
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
١−w ‫د‬ % R 4 % & ‫א‬ — 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
٢−@ Y+.#=‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫ض‬ !
٣−> - ‫א‬ ' t B ‫א‬ % .< ‫א‬ B & ‫وא‬ > - ‫א‬ |M ‫א‬ B P‘!
٤−- ‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ O : M ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' ”@ ‫א‬ Y! M.#=‫א‬ * •p‫א‬ &'
V. ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ d.
!−> - ‫א‬ ' t ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ ( @ ‫א‬ ˆ‫و‬ M0 X ‫א‬ 7 4‫א‬ ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
*−M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 6-0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ Ÿ&3 ± M
‫ج‬_> - ‫א‬ Ž< ‫א‬ ‫د‬ ‫+ل‬ O%
& ‫א‬ °z <M ‫א‬ ‚ @ @t‫א‬ &% ^5 <' • ‫د‬
!−m' t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ > - ‫ن‬ G ‫وא‬ ‫€אم‬Y=‫א‬ Y % 2—
*−)' t‫א‬ -. ‫א‬ 5+ D‫א‬ ' &% O% ‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫ج‬−M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ! _‫א‬ % 1 20
‫د‬−@ .% ' Y ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬ ' Y &0
١−* ; @.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ D‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
٢−4 ' ‫א‬ & -, 0 X ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ' |M ‫א‬ O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y
٣−, -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‫ن‬ T0 5
٤–* < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ n M 20 ‫א‬ % V8 ‫وط‬ u ± M
‫ﺍﳋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺎﻣﺲ‬:‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
١−w ‫د‬ % R 4 z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ _ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % ‫د‬ Y
٢−‫م‬ < =‫א‬ O% 3= mž R‫א‬ n M
٣−& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% ‫س‬ @ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 3 5
٤–M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ 2A T ‫א‬ y :=‫א‬ Ÿ&- ‫א‬ ‚M-0
!−M ‫ق‬ 0=‫א‬ @' , O ™&' ‫ل‬ & ‫وא‬ & ‫א‬ ‫0+زم‬
*−0‫א‬P ‫א‬ 2Y 4 4 ' ‫א‬ 23 ' ”5 ‫د‬ G ‫א‬
‫ج‬−)‫ل‬ &%(6 <¢ O' &% B- .M% Š 9<'
‫د‬−)‫ل‬ &%(- ˆ ‫!ن‬ =n 0 3‫و‬ ‫א‬ MT0 '‫%„א‬ O% ¨ 3

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬٢٠١٦
20 5+ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |% O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y.
Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫!ذ‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 B.
@ . ‫א‬ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ - M ‫א‬ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 63 „ %.
A @) ‫א‬ ' ˆ‫א‬ ‚.
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ™% œ5 (.
@ ‫א‬ ‚A.
3‫و‬ 3 /-0 0 = d
# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ {z G O%
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% ‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬.
.
5 ‫وא‬ z+ &% ‚
m' t‫א‬.
‫א‬ 3 O' F& ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬"MA. "
٤٢
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬١(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ً
20 5+ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |% O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y
@ Y+.#=‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )‰ O 3.
t‫א‬ G% < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬.Ž0‫א‬ ™% C‫!ذ‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 B
‫ل‬ ‫א‬ @3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
@ . ‫א‬ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ - M ‫א‬ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 63 „ %
— t‫א‬ 1 W2 ‫א‬ V ‫א‬ ‫א‬ B Y • ‫ج‬A @) ‫א‬ ' ˆ‫א‬ ‚
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ™% œ5 (
B & ‫א‬ “n ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ! O% 0 ¬™ ‫א‬.
& -, . ! M F- ‫א‬ 63 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬.
^5 % ^ < !"% ‫ج‬"O"„3 ‫س‬ % 0"@ ‫א‬ ‚A
M F ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ &% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬"‫אس‬ 0‫و‬ 3."
ً
4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬.
- ; 5+ D‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬.
‫!ن‬ ‚ O 3@ .( -..3‫و‬ 3 /-0 0 = d
œ5 (٣# & ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ & ‫א‬ {z G O%
& # & ‫وא‬ ' @< ‫א‬ |M 0‫א‬ 63 ‫ق‬ A
‫دو‬ ‚ O 3A & ‫א‬ B )› ‚A .M ‫א‬.
‫!ن‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬:& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% ‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬
@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ &<% .M ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ ( ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬.œ5 (.
M < ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'"B-"5 ‫وא‬ z+ &% ‚
w3 ) ‫א‬ 3 <t‫א‬ TA /-0 0T < ‫א‬& ‫א‬m' t‫א‬
@ .(™ ‫א‬ • .G% /-0 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 O' F& ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ @ ‫א‬
7, 5 .M% V 0 ‫א‬ ¨ .M ‫א‬.
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
!−20 5+ 93 M2 ‫א‬ VY # ‫<„אم‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |% O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y
*_@ Y+.#=‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
•−M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 ‫ون‬ O3‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )‰ O 3
‫د‬–t‫א‬ G% < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬
n−‫ل‬ ‫א‬ @3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
*−@ . ‫א‬ 4 ‫א‬ @ ‫وא‬ - M ‫א‬ 0‫א‬P ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ 63 „ %
— t‫א‬ 1 W2 ‫א‬ V ‫א‬ ‫א‬ B Y • ‫ج‬
‫د‬–% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 93 ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ™% œ5 (
!−B & ‫א‬ “n ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ! O% 0 ¬™ ‫א‬
*−& -, . ! M F- ‫א‬ 63 ‫وא‬ ‫א‬
‫ج‬−^5 % ^ < !
‫د‬−M F ‫وא‬ ‫א‬ &% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫ن‬ (p‫א‬
!−# ‫د‬ Y4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬
*−- ; 5+ D‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
•−)‫ل‬ &%(‫!ن‬ ‚ O 3
‫د‬–)‫ل‬ &%(œ5 (
!−)‫ل‬ &%(& # & ‫وא‬ ' @< ‫א‬ |M 0‫א‬ 63 ‫ق‬ A
*−‫دو‬ ‚ O 3
‫ج‬−‫!ن‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬
‫د‬–@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ &<% .M ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ ( ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬
!−M < ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'
*−w3 ) ‫א‬ 3 <t‫א‬ TA /-0 0
‫ج‬−@ .(™ ‫א‬ • .G% /-0 ‫א‬
‫د‬−7, 5 .M% V 0 ‫א‬ ¨ .M ‫א‬

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
( (=‫א‬ „M ‫א‬ 5 ‚A B@& ‫א‬ ! ‚.‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ Q&% <0 B.
.w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !.
‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬.
-& ‫א‬ P B Y.
.6 )‰ O 3.
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !.
‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬.
‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‚A .M ‫א‬ %‫א‬ # Š M ‫א‬ ' A ŸA.‫؟‬ '‹0 B
% @ ‫א‬ 7% @.M% 25 0‫א‬ ‚A ‫ط‬ -M< =‫א‬ °z <( ‫ق‬ # <&'.
@.M ‫א‬ w3‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ ‚ G0 ‚A “–‫א‬ V t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'.
2M ‫„م‬ 0 °z <( “‫א‬ M &% % @% O% V 0 ‫א‬.
٤٣
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬٢(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ً
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ ! 1.
D‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% t‫א‬ 5.‫ض‬ !.
Q& <d ' O Q ( ‫'&„ل‬ ‫!ن‬ 1 ‫א‬ 7 .< ' =.
( (=‫א‬ „M ‫א‬ 5 ‚A B@& ‫א‬ ! ‚
< =‫א‬ >FM< ‫א‬ O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ 2- <T' ‚ < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬.
O m;- ‫א‬ ' |( O% 3 .< ‫א‬ ' |(@ @t‫א‬.‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬
B & ‫א‬ 5 ‚ ‫ون‬ O3 C! • ‫ج‬.-& ‫א‬ B Y.
O% +C 63 ‫ن‬ 5:B& ‫א‬ ' Y‫و‬ < D‫א‬ ' Y.
M ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ' ;< ‫אدא‬ B & ‫א‬"B. "
- M ‫א‬ @ ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫و‬ ‫אط‬ @ O% +C ‫ز‬ s!.
F- ‫א‬ Y ‚A ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |( . ! ŸA.
> ‫א‬ 7% ( (=‫א‬ ' t‫א‬ 5 ‫0<+زم‬.
ً
‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ' ”5 # C‫!ذ‬.
* t‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚A & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 'PS< ‫א‬.
-' < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‚A ‫%„دو‬ —‫و‬ ˆ ‫وض‬ ‫א‬.-& ‫א‬ P B Y
' ‫ون‬ 5 PM% - t 3 + ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ < !.
< ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'O' &% ‚ B- M.w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !
* ; ‚@.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ D‫א‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬.
‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬"& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G Y!.‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬
‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‚A .M ‫א‬ %‫א‬ # Š M ‫א‬ ' A ŸA
% @ ‫א‬ 7% @.M% 25 0‫א‬ ‚A ‫ط‬ -M< =‫א‬ °z <( ‫ق‬ # <&'
@.M ‫א‬ w3‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ ‚ G0 ‚A “–‫א‬ V t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
M <t‫א‬ <&0"‫=3+س‬"A‫د‬ G ‫א‬ ! -% ‚.
¨ .M ‫א‬ B@<M'2M ‫„م‬ 0 °z <( “‫א‬ M &% % @% O% V 0 ‫א‬
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
!−% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ ! 1
*−D‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% t‫א‬ 5
•−Q& <d ' O Q ( ‫'&„ل‬ ‫!ن‬ 1 ‫א‬ 7 .< ' =
‫د‬–C!"‫אط‬ @"( (=‫א‬ „M ‫א‬ 5 ‚A B@& ‫א‬ ! ‚
< =‫א‬ >FM< ‫א‬ O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ 2- <T' ‚ < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬
O m;- ‫א‬ ' |( O% 3 .< ‫א‬ ' |(
B & ‫א‬ 5 ‚ ‫ون‬ O3 C! • ‫ج‬
‫د‬–O% +C 63 ‫ن‬ 5
!−M ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ' ;< ‫אدא‬ B & ‫א‬
*−- M ‫א‬ @ ‫ن‬ ,+A! ‫و‬ ‫אط‬ @ O% +C ‫ز‬ s!
‫ج‬−F- ‫א‬ Y ‚A ‫ق‬ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ |( . ! ŸA
‫د‬−> ‫א‬ 7% ( (=‫א‬ ' t‫א‬ 5 ‫0<+زم‬
‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ' ”5 # C‫!ذ‬
1* t‫א‬ ‫م‬ ‚A & ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 'PS< ‫א‬
•−-' < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‚A ‫%„دو‬ —‫و‬ ˆ ‫وض‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬–' ‫ون‬ 5 PM% - t 3 + ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ < !
< ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'
* ; ‚@.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ D‫א‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬
‫ج‬−&0"‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬
‫د‬–‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‚A .M ‫א‬ %‫א‬ # Š M ‫א‬ ' A ŸA
‫ذא‬ ‫و‬.
!−% @ ‫א‬ 7% @.M% 25 0‫א‬ ‚A ‫ط‬ -M< =‫א‬ °z <( ‫ق‬ # <&'
*−@.M ‫א‬ w3‫א‬ ) ‫א‬ ‚ G0 ‚A “–‫א‬ V t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
‫ج‬−M <t‫א‬ <&0
‫د‬−¨ .M ‫א‬ B@<M'

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ =‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ 74‫و‬.
# ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‚A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ @_ ‚M&0 ‚0‫א‬P ‫א‬ ‫<@+ل‬ =‫א‬ 5.-& ‫א‬ B Y.
‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬.
‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!.
2< M< ‡ w E€5!.
‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ (+ ‫ج‬ <(‫א‬.
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ =‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ B)%D‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< D‫א‬.
Q< % 7( # ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ 0.
‚z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ ‚-' < ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ' .0 ‚A.-& ‫א‬ B Y.
' ' ‫א‬ TM CD‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ ‚A ‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬.
R CP ‫א‬ ‚A .M ‫א‬ ƒ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ Y ‫ض‬ &%‫و‬ '‹% '
9. ‫وא‬ ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ ‚ ‫م‬ @'.
ƒ G ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬ ‚ ƒ‫د‬ ‫א‬ G0 ‚A * t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'.
٤٤
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬٣(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ً
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ # M ‫د‬ Y.
@ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬.
‚A + ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬M2 ‫א‬ 5+ =‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‫א‬ 74‫و‬
# ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‚A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ @_ ‚M&0 ‚0‫א‬P ‫א‬ ‫<@+ل‬ =‫א‬ 5
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ' ; ‚5 @<uD‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
' |( ƒ Y! 3 .< ‫א‬ ' |( B)›@ @t‫א‬.‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ ' &% ' ˜ ‫ل‬ Y + ‫א‬ ^ < !.‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‚A 5+ =‫א‬ ‫א‬ -< =‫א‬ M0 OTU • ‫د‬.2< M< ‡ w E€5!
B"‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ . ‫א‬ 3 ‫ن‬ (+ ‫ج‬ <(‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ 5+ =‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ B)%D‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< D‫א‬
2@ ‫وא‬ . ‫א‬ ‫س‬ › > 3 ‚A ^ < ‫א‬ M'.
Q< % 7( # ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ 0
ً
-' < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‚A ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ^z —‫و‬ ‫د‬ Y.
* ; ‚@.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ =‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬.
- t‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 ‰ + ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬.
B'‫و‬"‚z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ ‚-' < ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ' .0 ‚A
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y.
' ' ‫א‬ TM CD‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ ‚A ‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬
Ž % ‫+ل‬ O% & ‫א‬ .<'.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
A “n R & ‫א‬ @(!R CP ‫א‬ ‚A .M ‫א‬ ƒ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ Y ‫ض‬ &%‫و‬ '‹% '
‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!.
M ‚ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬"3 3 ‫ل‬ C"9. ‫وא‬ ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ ‚ ‫م‬ @'
‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A A &%+ ‫א‬ O R MS< =‫א‬ OTU.
ƒ G ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬ ‚ ƒ‫د‬ ‫א‬ G0 ‚A * t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
T < ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ KD ‫א‬ G% .M ‫א‬ &'.
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ # M ‫د‬ Y
@ ‫ج‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
•−‚A + ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬
‫د‬–# ‫א‬ Q0‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5 ‚A ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ @_ ‚M&0 ‚0‫א‬P ‫א‬ ‫<@+ل‬ =‫א‬ 5
!−w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ' ; ‚5 @<uD‫א‬ ‚M& ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
*−' |( ƒ Y! 3 .< ‫א‬ ' |( B)›
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ ' &% ' ˜ ‫ل‬ Y + ‫א‬ ^ < !
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‚A 5+ =‫א‬ ‫א‬ -< =‫א‬ M0 OTU • ‫د‬
!−M B & ‫א‬"B
*−M2 ‫א‬ 5+ =‫א‬ _‫א‬ 3 ‫<„אم‬ =‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% ‫د‬ ‫א‬ B)%D‫א‬ ‫אم‬ ’< D‫א‬
‫ج‬−2@ ‫وא‬ . ‫א‬ ‫س‬ › > 3 ‚A ^ < ‫א‬ M'
‫د‬−Q< % 7( # ‫ن‬ (=‫א‬ ‫!ن‬ '‫د‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ƒ 0
!−-' < ‫א‬ ‫م‬ & ‫א‬ ‚A ‫ض‬ ‫א‬ ^z —‫و‬ ‫د‬ Y
*−* ; ‚@.M ‫א‬ ‫س‬ =‫א‬ C‫!ذ‬
- t‫א‬ ‫ع‬ 4 ‰ + ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < ‫א‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬
‫د‬−'!"( 3" "B'‫و‬
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G O% _+_ ‫د‬ Y
' ' ‫א‬ TM CD‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 ‫א‬ ‚A ‚ M.#=‫א‬ R CP ‫א‬ ‫دو‬ ‚ 6 )‰ B ‫د‬
‫ج‬−Ž % ‫+ل‬ O% & ‫א‬ .<'
‫د‬–A “n R & ‫א‬ @(!
‚ M.#=‫א‬.‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!
!−M ‚ & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬
*−‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A A &%+ ‫א‬ O R MS< =‫א‬ OTU
‫ج‬−ƒ G ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬ ‚ ƒ‫د‬ ‫א‬ G0 ‚A * t‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
‫د‬−T < ‫א‬ ‫ط‬ KD ‫א‬ G% .M ‫א‬ &'

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬.
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 3 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < D ‫א‬ ™% ± M.B ‫د‬
.
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !.
Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
-& ‫א‬ B Y.
B & ‫א‬ “‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O%.œ5 (.
‫ن‬ ,+A! ƒ! ‚A „M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D 3 ‫א‬ YD‫א‬ 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ {<À.
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‰ ‫<„אم‬ D‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% R‫دא‬D‫א‬ 6 ˜.
‫א‬ 2- T0 ‚< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ Y! O' L.
‚A ‫ض‬ !w ‫د‬ % R 4.
5+ =‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ –‫א‬ - t‫א‬ _‫א‬.O 3
<t‫א‬ ! -% „ ‫ز‬ “n 4 ' ‫وא‬ R '„ ‫א‬ ‚A .< ‫א‬ ƒ‫!د‬.œ5 (.
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫و‬P . ! < ‚A Ž3 3 {.
6' &% ‫س‬ ! ‚ B- M < ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
-& ‫א‬ B Y.
‚, -M< =‫א‬ ‚4 ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‚A u -% ‫وض‬ ‫א‬ -< ‫א‬ <'.
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G ƒ Y! ‫س‬ @ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 3 5 ™<&0.
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0،
٤٥
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬٤(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ً
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
@ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 ' |( O% /3‫€א‬ ‫א‬ ' |(.‫ل‬ )‰ •4‫و‬
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 3 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < D ‫א‬ ™% ± M
@ _‫و‬ , -0 ‫א‬ @ 3 ‚ ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ /-0 '.-& ‫א‬ B Y.
D‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% ‫א‬ 5.w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !
7 <¥‫א‬ 2 ‫م‬ @' ‚< ‫א‬ „z C ‫א‬ O% @ ‫א‬.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬
ƒ! ‚A B & ‫א‬"‫ون‬ O3"5 ‫ن‬ (¹ ‚.&'.-& ‫א‬ B Y
0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0 • ‫د‬B & ‫א‬ “‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ O%
‫ن‬ ,+A! ƒ! ‚A „M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D 3 ‫א‬ YD‫א‬ 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ {<À
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‰ ‫<„אم‬ D‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% R‫دא‬D‫א‬ 6 ˜
‫א‬ 2- T0 ‚< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ Y! O' L
@ .% ' Y ( (p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬.
ً
‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A ' ”@ ‫א‬ {z G C‫!ذ‬.
@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ &<% .M ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ ( ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬.‚A ‫ض‬ !
5+ =‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ –‫א‬ - t‫א‬ _‫א‬
<t‫א‬ ! -% „ ‫ز‬ “n 4 ' ‫وא‬ R '„ ‫א‬ ‚A .< ‫א‬ ƒ‫!د‬
ˆ+ O% .<' ‚< ‫א‬ Ž ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y& ‫א‬.
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫و‬P . ! < ‚A Ž3 3 {
6' &% ‫س‬ ! ‚ B- M < ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'
A & ‫א‬ B )› ‚A ‫و‬ 3 .M ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'.-& ‫א‬ B Y
‚, -M< =‫א‬ ‚4 ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‚A u -% ‫وض‬ ‫א‬ -< ‫א‬ <'
‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A A &%+ ‫א‬ O R MS< D‫א‬ OTU.
& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G ƒ Y! ‫س‬ @ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 3 5 ™<&0
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺕ‬-‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ 5+ 3 ‫د‬ G@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
@ @t‫א‬ O m;- ‫א‬ 5 ' |( O% /3‫€א‬ ‫א‬ ' |(
•−% & ‫א‬ — ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ 3 |M ‫وא‬ ‹ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ < D ‫א‬ ™% ± M
‫د‬–@ _‫و‬ , -0 ‫א‬ @ 3 ‚ ‫א‬ T ‫א‬ /-0 '
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﺜﺎﻧ‬‫ﻲ‬:‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
!−D‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ O% ‫א‬ 5
*−7 <¥‫א‬ 2 ‫م‬ @' ‚< ‫א‬ „z C ‫א‬ O% @ ‫א‬
‫ج‬−ƒ! ‚A B & ‫א‬
0 ¬™ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ &0 • ‫د‬
!−‫ن‬ ,+A! ƒ! ‚A „M ‫א‬ ‫ل‬ D 3 ‫א‬ YD‫א‬ 6M,‫א‬ ‫א‬ {<À
*−M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ _‫א‬ ‰ ‫<„אم‬ D‫א‬ z‫א‬ A O% R‫دא‬D‫א‬ 6 ˜
‫ج‬−&-< ‫א‬ &0‫א‬ 2- T0 ‚< ‫א‬ ‫א‬ @ ‫א‬ Y! O' L
‫د‬−@ .% ' Y ( (p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬
!−‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A ' ”@ ‫א‬ {z G C‫!ذ‬
*−@ ‫א‬ ‫د‬ &<% .M ‫א‬ O% ‫ع‬ ( ‫ن‬ ‫א‬ .M ‫א‬
‫ج‬−5+ =‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ O% ' & ‫א‬ –‫א‬ - t‫א‬ _‫א‬
‫د‬−<t‫א‬ ! -% „ ‫ز‬ “n 4 ' ‫وא‬ R '„ ‫א‬ ‚A .< ‫א‬ ƒ‫!د‬
ˆ+ O% .<' ‚< ‫א‬ Ž ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫و‬P . ! < ‚A Ž3 3 {
‫ج‬−6' &% ‫س‬ ! ‚ B- M < ‫א‬ .M% Š 9<'
‫د‬–A & ‫א‬ B )› ‚A ‫و‬ 3 .M ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
!−‚, -M< =‫א‬ ‚4 ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬ ‚A u -% ‫وض‬ ‫א‬ -< ‫א‬ <'
*−‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A A &%+ ‫א‬ O R MS< D‫א‬ OTU
‫ج‬−& ‫א‬ A & ‫א‬ {z G ƒ Y! ‫س‬ @ ‫א‬ | ‫א‬ 3 5 ™<&0
‫د‬−* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0

‫د‬‫א‬٠١٢٨٣٢٥٥٠٩٥
‫א‬ ‫אد‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫د‬
-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!.
> - ‫א‬ 7% B% &< BY‫א‬.w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫ض‬ !.
V -. ‫א‬ 23 ^G<' ‫!ن‬ V8 5+ ‫א‬ # w E€5!.
Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬.
A B|0‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # 2< <(‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% 7 ¬ ‫ن‬ T0 5.B ‫د‬
& ‚ÅD‫א‬ 1 ˆ‫א‬ ‚ ‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬ ‫!ن‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ ).
-& ‫א‬ B Y.
‚ & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ % 3 z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‚A *PT ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫א‬ &<'.
2' - ‫א‬ ;# -_‫א‬ ‚A 6 ‫™א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬D‫א‬ ‚ R & ‫א‬ <&'.
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0.
٤٦
.M ‫وא‬ ‫א‬*( ) ‫א‬ m ) ‫א‬ ^G*‫אد‬ n:‫د‬/
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%*٠١٠١٤٠٠٧٧٠٠‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬٢٠١٧
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬٥(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ً
@ & ‫א‬ T'L ‚ D‫א‬ ! - ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y.
= d Y! ‚ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ &0-, - ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ =‫א‬
M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ ' &% & -, ‫ل‬ Y + ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬.‫ذא‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ '‹0 ' A ƒ!
t‫א‬ G% ‚ < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬.Ž'! 3 V@.
‫א‬ “‫!و‬ Q £< ‫وא‬ Š' @< ‫א‬ Y %> - ‫א‬ 7% B% &< BY‫א‬
@ 0 - ‫א‬ 9F( ‚A ‫دو‬ +.‫ل‬ )‰ B ‫د‬.
V -. ‫א‬ 23 ^G<' ‫!ن‬ V8 5+ ‫א‬ # w E€5!
' ˆ‫א‬ ‚ — t‫א‬ ‚A ‫دو‬ 1 • ‫د‬.œ5 (.
4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ ‚A ^ — < ‫وא‬ < ‫א‬ Y % 2—.
D‫א‬"M< ‫א‬ @A‫א‬ ‫א‬ # M Y!.
- ‫א‬ M P ‫א‬ G 3 M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ _‫א‬ % <20.
p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬ 5 ‫0<+زم‬> ‫א‬ 7% ( (.
ً
3 < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ u C‫!ذ‬.
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫א‬ 74‫و‬ ‫وط‬ u C‫!ذ‬.
# ‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A 4 ' ‫א‬ ' ”@.Ž ‫ذ‬ ‚ B ‫د‬
- ; 5+ =‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ B Y.
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ _ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % ‫د‬ Y.
A B|0‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # 2< <(‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% 7 ¬ ‫ن‬ T0 5
& ‚ÅD‫א‬ 1 ˆ‫א‬ ‚ ‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬ ‫!ن‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )
A & ‫א‬ B )› ‚A ‫و‬ 3 .M ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'.-& ‫א‬ B Y
‚ & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ % 3 z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‚A *PT ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫א‬ &<'
2' - ‫א‬ ;# -_‫א‬ ‚A 6 ‫™א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬D‫א‬ ‚ R & ‫א‬ <&'
9. ‫وא‬ ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ ‚ ‫م‬ @' 3 3 M & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬.
* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0
0 - T %+ p‫א‬ ‫א‬ V<T%
‫ﺙ‬-‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬:‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
@ & ‫א‬ T'L ‚ D‫א‬ ! - ‫א‬ ‫د‬ Y
= d Y! ‚ & ‫א‬ m;- ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ &0
•−M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ ' &% & -, ‫ل‬ Y + ‫א‬ ^ < ‫א‬
‫د‬–t‫א‬ G% ‚ < ‫א‬ ‫ج‬ <( @ ‫א‬
!−‫א‬ “‫!و‬ Q £< ‫وא‬ Š' @< ‫א‬ Y %
*−@ 0 - ‫א‬ 9F( ‚A ‫دو‬ +
‫ج‬−V -. ‫א‬ 23 ^G<' ‫!ن‬ V8 5+ ‫א‬ # w E€5!
' ˆ‫א‬ ‚ — t‫א‬ ‚A ‫دو‬ 1 • ‫د‬
!−4 t‫א‬ G& ‫א‬ ‚A ^ — < ‫وא‬ < ‫א‬ Y % 2—
*−! -% &'"D‫א‬
‫ج‬−- ‫א‬ M P ‫א‬ G 3 M2 ‫א‬ ‫+ق‬ ‫א‬ _‫א‬ % <20
‫د‬−p‫א‬ ' t‫א‬ 5 ‫0<+زم‬
!−3 < ‫א‬ R‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫وط‬ u C‫!ذ‬
*−w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A ‫א‬ 74‫و‬ ‫وط‬ u C‫!ذ‬
‫ج‬−# ‚4 ' ‫א‬ M ‫א‬ ‚A 4 ' ‫א‬ ' ”@
‫د‬−- ; 5+ =‫وא‬ < =‫א‬ M ”< ‫א‬ B Y
w ‫د‬ % R 4 ‚A z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ _ ‫א‬ ‫م‬ 2 % ‫د‬ Y
A B|0‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # 2< <(‫و‬ 5‫د‬ # , -M< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ % @% 7 ¬ ‫ن‬ T0 5
‫ل‬ )‰.
‫ج‬−‰ B ‫د‬& ‚ÅD‫א‬ 1 ˆ‫א‬ ‚ ‹-M< ‫א‬ 5‫د‬ ‫!ن‬ ‚ ‫ل‬ )
‫د‬–A & ‫א‬ B )› ‚A ‫و‬ 3 .M ‫א‬ ‫م‬ @'
!−‚ & ‫א‬ 75‫א‬ ‫א‬ % 3 z‫א‬ @< =‫א‬ t‫א‬ ‚A *PT ‫وא‬ ‫ق‬ G ‫א‬ &<'
*−2' - ‫א‬ ;# -_‫א‬ ‚A 6 ‫™א‬ ‫وא‬ ‫د‬D‫א‬ ‚ R & ‫א‬ <&'
‫ج‬−9. ‫وא‬ ‫و‬ Œ‫א‬ ‚ ‫م‬ @' 3 3 M & ‫א‬ °2M ‫א‬
‫د‬−* t‫وא‬ .M ‫א‬ 63 5+& ‫א‬ ‫س‬ ! O% d™ ‫א‬ &0

مذكرة فلسفة شاملة للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي

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مذكرة فلسفة شاملة للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي