SCM 303

SCM 303
Exam 3 Outline SCM 303
Chapter 12
Demand Planning: Forecasting and demand management
Demand Planning– the combined process of forecasting and managing customer demands to create
a planned pattern of demand that meets the firm's operational and financial goals. Fluctuating
customer demand cause operational inefficiencies, such as: Need for extra capacity resources,
backlog, customer dissatisfaction, system buffering (safety stock, safety lead time, capacity
cushions, etc.)
3 basics tactics to influence demand– influence the timing or quantity of demand through pricing
changes or promotions. Managing the timing of order fulfillment. Encourage customers to shift their
orders from one product to another, or from one service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moving average– a forecasting model that computes a forecast as the average of demands over a
number of immediate past periods.
Figure 12–1 pg. 344 – Know the role that demand planning plays in operations management
Components of demand – patterns of demand over time.
Types of forecasting techniques– qualitative (judgment based) Quantitative (model–Based)
Factors affecting forecast error and accuracy– Time horizon, Level of detail – product, geography,
time.
Exponential smoothing– a moving average approach that applies exponentially decreasing weights
to each demand that occurred farther back in time.
Smoothing coefficient – a parameter indicating the weight given to the most recent demand.
Regressing analysis – a mathematical approach for fitting an equation to a set of data
Mean absolute deviation (MAD) – the average size of forecast errors, irrespective of their directions.
Also called mean absolute error. Calculates forecast accuracy
Mean forecast error (MFE) – Calculates forecast bias

Postponable product– a product designed so that it can be configured to its final form quickly and
inexpensively once actual customer demand is known.
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and replenishment – a method by which supply chain partners
periodically share forecasts, demand plans, and resource plans in order to reduce uncertainty and
risk in meeting customer demand. Involves– Market planning–
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Evaluating GE's Organizational Culture
Organizational Culture � PAGE �10�
Reading an Organization's Culture: General Electric (GE)
Introduction
Every business has its own set of values and beliefs that make up an organizational culture that is
unique to each specific business. "_Organizational Culture_ is a complex set of basic underlying
assumptions and deeply held beliefs shared by all members of the group that operate at a
preconscious level and drive in important ways the behavior of individuals in the organizational
context" (Strategy Glossary, 2006). GE's organizational culture is considered one of high ethical
standard in the corporate world. According to The Age of Ethics (2007) "_GE now has one of the
best ethics compliance programs in existence_, says Larry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Robbins, S. (2005) describes six variables that are routinely evident in customer–responsive cultures
like GE.
Type of Employees: "outgoing and friendly"
Low Formalization: "freedom to meet changing customer–service requirements"
Extension of Low Formalization: widespread use of empowerment i.e. decision discretion to do
what is necessary to please the customer.
Good Listening Skills: "listen to and understand messages sent by the customer"
Role Clarity: "Service employees act as _boundary spanners_ between the organization and its
customers"
Organizational Citizenship Behavior: employees are conscience of customers needs and go above
and beyond the call of duty to satisfy a customer's needs
GE has been able to build such a strong and loyal customer base by meeting each of the six
variables described by Robbins. Variable one, type of employee, is met through GE's efforts to
provide a diverse work environment. In fact, GE was named among the top 40 best companies for

diversity by Black Enterprise Magazine (Employees, 2007). Variables two and three, low
formalization and extension of low formalization, is met through GE's efforts to provide employees
the freedom to become closer to their customers while finding new operational efficiencies and
ways to work toward customer service (Leadership, 2007). Variable four, good listening skills, is

Six Sigma 's Most Central And Got A Handle On Structure
Six Sigma 's most central and got a handle on structure is its critical sense DMAIC approach. This
upgrade takes after the framework and its sporadic state stray pieces, given that the necessities
depict the best deliverables, which deal with the endeavors and the contraption decision to help in
the errand. The DMAIC approach is required to consider flexibility and iterative work, if principal.
As more is found through the 5–make process, demand or theories concerning the key driver of the
issue may be reproved, requiring the wander get–together to come back to them and modify or to
research elective potential outcomes. For case, control driver to a business oblige fittingness issue
may have been considered as an attracting system issue in a specific geographic district. As denied
to making a surged judgment without presumptions by executing another business plan program, the
Six Sigma increment securing respectably proposes substances about the issue first. After some
examination and examination, the gathering finds that the secured driver centers to an issue with
layouts organization together heading, not nonappearance of offers strengths ' data and aptitudes. In
the occasion that the wind wrap followed up on the key supposition, time and money would have
been abused on working up a frustrated approach that would have made poor results; the get–
together 's beat work would have gone to squander. Rather, the party did a mid–course upgrade in
light of truths, adjusted its

Corporate Strategy : My Boss For The Overall Direction On...
To begin, I would review the corporate strategy provided by my boss for the overall direction on
how to execute our organization's functions. I would use corporate's OGSM to develop an
operations strategy concentrating on their strategies and measures as the operations and supply
management's objectives and goals. The operations unit will use the corporate OGSM to determine
how we can contribute to the success of the corporate strategy and plan to meet the company's
needs. Based on the objectives and goals assigned, I would determine which critical measures relate
the most to corporate's vision for the company. I would then evaluate our processes, their results and
their impact on the company to see what processes need the greatest ... Show more content on
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After analyzing all of the data collected, I would develop an operations OGSM and deploy strategies
and measures to the next level of the organization that would be their objectives and goals. I would
ensure that any objectives set and proposed improvements to our processes were within the
company's capabilities. For example: the plan must be financially feasible for the company to carry
out.
I would employ process strategy to meet our goals and objectives. Two of our objectives are to
consolidate manufacturing facilities and to increase productivity by 20%. This can be done using
process choice to structure our manufacturing processes. Since the company only makes one
product, the line process could work to produce high volumes of standardized cans of soup in one
plant. The line process also allows the company to meet another objective of accelerating innovation
by making new products on the same line. Modifying the tomato soup line is feasible because they
can make new similar soups with the same ingredients or by using tomato soup as the base for
different recipes. The line process coupled with a make–to–stock strategy would allow our company
to improve their competitive priorities, including low–cost operations, speedy deliveries, and
consistent quality. The line process can allow the firm to invest in more efficient technology that can
be

Sigma And Lean As A Change And Change Procedure
ABSTRACT: I will try to theorize that, while Six Sigma and Lean as a change and change
procedure is conveying noteworthy business advantage to expert associations, it has not been
effectively adjusted to convey comparable advantages cross wise over Supply Chain Management.
To exhibits by reference to the writing that most distributed uses of Six Sigma and Lean in Supply
Chain Management are identified with the use of conventional interior Six Sigma and lean
procedures to the inner procedures of a supplier to the "Six Sigma and Lean Organization". In my
paper, the issues specific to an utilization of Six Sigma and Lean in a more extensive Supply Chain
Management setting that I will talk about, with reference to particular Supply Chain ... Show more
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Introduction
Six Sigma Process Improvement is a thorough way to deal with enhancing business forms by
tending to the basic reasons for variety that prompt poor execution as experienced by the client, who
is the beneficiary of the yields. The early types were Motorola and GE in the 1980s. From that point
forward, numerous associations running from assembling to benefit in all areas, have effectively
conveyed Six Sigma to convey quantifiable cost, quality and time based enhancements.
Six Sigma / Lean
Before, Six Sigma and Lean have now and again been seen just about as opponent philosophies,
with some organizations picking either as their essential change vehicles. Two of the most capable
powers in assembling and now the more extensive inventory network are Six Sigma and Lean.
Generally, numerous organizations have embraced either as their essential way to deal with
operational change, or now and again utilized both however as genuinely autonomous devices.
Progressively, in any case organizations are seeing the advantage of joining the two strategies into a
more coordinated procedure that uses the best of every methodology, which can be very correlative.
Numerous trust this Six Sigma Lean technique is the most ideal approach to enhance general store
network results and handle process change all the more comprehensively. Incline, the name given to
the Toyota Production System in the book The Machine that Changed the

Lean Six Sigma Principles On Improving Turnaround Times At...
Researchers Lamm, Eckel, and Amerine desired to explore the effectiveness of Lean Six Sigma
principles on improving turnaround times at a busy U.S. infusion clinic. The team implemented a
three–phase study in which they first analyzed turnaround times for a period of 12 months. Next,
they implemented several Lean tools including a five–day Kaizen event to identify potential ways to
reduce turn around times from 60 to the new goal of 45 minutes. During the last phase the
researches implemented strategies identified during the Kaizen event.
The study revealed positive results! Implementation of Lean principles identified process–
improvement strategies that improved department workflow and successfully reduced chemotherapy
turnaround time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These methodologies have led to procedure changes in response to inconsistencies identified
through Six Sigma's strategies. However, the researchers noted that sometimes changes where
implemented without sufficient statistical evidence to support the change. Yet in other cases some
statistical findings were over exaggerated. Therefore, they advise that care should be taken to
determine the practicality of changes. This study provides the reader with enough evidence to
support the use of Six Sigma in healthcare while highlighting some of the potential pitfalls of the
methodology.
The purpose of this study was to develop long–term solutions targeted at improving care outcomes
in a high–risk Neurotrauma Intensive Care Unit (NTICU). The authors utilized Six Sigma strategies,
specifically Define–Measure–Analyze–Control (DMAIC), to reduce central line use and curb
central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLASBI). The driving factors for the study are
increasing pressures from the Institute of Medicine and the Joint Commission to reduce hospital–
associated infections.
Initiatives derived from the use of Six Sigma's DMAIC process were responsible for reducing the
NTICU CLASBI rate below national benchmarks. Ultimately, these initiatives resulted in a total
savings of $204,092 in costs related to avoidable infections. Project outcomes were also significant
for reducing the overall NTICU length of stay to 7.2 days–an additional cost savings of

Technology Capability Development : Chen Hongsheng, A...
Chen HONGSHENG, a military scientist who is leading stealth technology capability development
for the J20 made an initial unsolicited approach towards our organization fourteen months ago.
Since then HONGSHENG has made six other attempts to make contact for a total of seven
approaches. During those approaches he provided information of intelligence value to two
occasions. On the second occasion he provided personal information which will be used to support
background checks.
Given the current political and security climate this operation will be highly sensitive and therefore
the overall assessed risk of the operation is high. Additional precautions will be taken to ensure the
security of the overall operation. Until additional information on HONGSHENG is available this
operation will be treated as if HONGSHENG has already been compromised. The compromise,
given his desperation could mean that he is providing information to other intelligence
organizations, we will not assue that we are the only organization that he has approached. Even if
HONGSHENG's intent is legitimate, given that he has made seven know approaches, there is a high
probability that he is under suspicion. Therefore, we will not use of existing facilities and the normal
support apparatus. There will be minimal expose of our procedures and contact with our personnel
will be limited. A clear understanding of HONGSHENG's value as an asset must be evaluated prior
to a full investment.
While HONGSHENG

Case Study : 6 Sigma Manufacturing Process
Abstract:– This case study is about 6 sigma manufacturing process by which continuous
improvement of the product is done. Mainly the 6 sigma is about improving the quality, In order to
identify defects or errors. By using 6 sigma 99.9% the defect will not be there in the product. 6
sigma uses quality management and structural methods. The customer satisfaction can be increased
by using this, production cycle can be reduced, reduction of waste and reducing the cost of the
project.
Introduction:– 6 sigma is defined as the measure of perfection from deviation and measurement of
defects in the process. Mainly the 6 sigma measures the deviation of the process from the quality. It
is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process need to be planned and it should be satisfied by the customer.
Employee:–
This process deals with leadership commitment where all the employees in the company are well
trained and focused on the project in order to satisfy the customers.
Training programme:– The employees are trained in statistical tools, strategy and 6 sigma
techniques. There are various training programme levels which are as follows:–
1. Quality seminars:– The quality seminar based on overview and basic sigma awareness
programme. The techniques of the 6 sigma are explained to each and every employee.
2. Training the team:– The teams are divided according to functioning of the project who are
participating in the project.
Team management:– The teams are divided according to the qualification and talent of the
employees. There are three types of groups or belts according to the 6 sigma, they are:–
1. Black belt:– Who are the team leaders of the project, used for designing and implementing the
quality approach.
2. Green belt:– The employees who work for the company part–time only.
3. Master black belt:– These employees are like teachers to the project.
Concepts of 6 sigma:– The following concepts are some of the few

Differences Between Pacifism And Militarism
First point in differentiate between Pacifism and Militarism is in term of ideological oriented. In
pacifism, their ideology is they belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully
resolved. Here means the Pacifism is opposition to war and violence in making decision. The words
of Pacifism are a related to the term of ahimsa (to do no harm) which is a core philosophy in
Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. Whereas, Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or
people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it
aggressively to defend or promote national interests (New Oxford American, 2007). It may also
imply the glorification of the ideals of a professional military class and the ... Show more content on
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They are not care about the people needs but more focus to their intention that can give benefit to
them. For example, country that uses militarism is United State because it has own nuclear weapons
and can make others country fear with its country. In contrast, in good perspective ways, militarism
can motivate people to become more discipline and obey the decision that government make. For
example, in Malaysia we use militarism when implement law or policy such as Road Transportation
Act 1987. It wants educate road drivers to drive safely in roads if they disobey it, they will get
punishment from authority. While in pacifism, it uses peaceful way to solve the problem and not use
the power to enforce people to do what they want. During Rasulluah S.W.T as a leader in Islam
civilization, he like to discuss and ask opinion from people before make decision because it want to
avoid dissatisfaction among people. It wants to create harmonious and peaceful among society and
create good relationship with other countries. Through this way, it will make other country respect
with his ways and can influence people heart without use coercive power to win people heart. So,
Islam as the best example we can use to ensure peaceful in the country and wars is not best
alternatives to guarantee peaceful in the

Lean Six Sigma Analysis
Now a day's global market in the world and all companies are looking up making new
improvements that drive bottom line results. In that process all organizations and companies are
turning to process improvement methodologies such as Lean six sigma (LSS). Continual
improvement, as one of the objectives of a quality management system is achieved by the
improvement of all processes and activities at a particular stage of the production cycle. Continual
process improvement is also the only way how to survive and succeed among competitors. The
management of the company will always be looking for opportunities that will enhance the
effectiveness of the company's processes. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the significant
methodologies of quality management, this seeks to increase productivity and improve quality of
process outputs. As a customer oriented managerial strategy, it emphasizes that imperfection is an
opportunity for improvement. The Lean Six Sigma (LSS) system helps to effectively reduce any
defective process, it improves the quality of the provided services ... Show more content on
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The basic principle of improvement by the processes of Six Sigma methodology is by the reduction
of diffusion. The six sigma approach aims to reduce defect levels to only a few parts per million for
an organization's key products and processes. The Six Sigma philosophy is based on the fact that all
processes from design, through to manufacturing and to services provided to customers, display
aberrances, which may result in product errors that cost time and money. These errors are variations
of processes that can be reduced by various methods in order for the real cause of the problem to be
systematically identified and

Military Capability During Peacetime Innovation Essay
Resources, accurate innovation, political support, and privatized development are four crucial
factors for enhancing military capability during peacetime innovation. Nonetheless, countries that
effectively manage internal resources, and are funded through political support will often be at the
forefront of military development. Moreover, accurate innovation is essential to ensure that the
technology developed aligns with the required capabilities to defend the nation. Therefore, countries
with political support in achieving their military vision through accurate peacetime innovation, often
have the upper hand in future military strength. Political support is the primary and foremost key
component in developing successful innovation. Furthermore, military innovation cannot deviate
from the strategic guidance of the nation, without reconstructing the defense strategy and military
vision. Nonetheless, this reconstruction can occur if the current innovation and military development
is defined upon outdated technology. Therefore, peacetime innovation is an opportunity to combat
deficiencies as well as capability gaps in order to maintain the competitive edge against potential
enemies or threats to a nation. Most importantly, the cost of the innovation, training, and
implementation must be feasible through current funding and allocation and approved by
bureaucrats. Spending outside ones means in this factor will result in both incomplete and
inadequate innovation. 1

Case Study On Six Sigma
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Company description
The company is one of the top five pharmaceutical companies in India. It is engaged in delivering
good quality, branded and generic medications trusted by doctors and patients across world. The
company has a good Research &Diagnostic center and is a leading global player in Anti–TB,
Cephalosporin's and ACE–inhibitors and cholesterol reducing agents and has a notable presence in
the areas of anti–inflammatory, diabetes, and respiratory therapy. One unit is located at Mandideep
and engaged in the production of number of antibiotics.
Figure 1: Company in Mandideep Madhya Pradesh
Company has one production plant at Mandideep to produce different antibiotics. Roll compactor is
the machine used ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They went further to state that "There was a considerable interchange of tools and techniques
between lean manufacturing and Six Sigma" (McAdam and Donagan, 2003). Implementation
challenges were highlighted in this study and were similar to those previously discussed. The
researchers simple stated that "this study has found no recipe for success" (McAdam and Donagan,
2003). McAdam and Donagan (2003) significant finding from this study was "that three business
improvement methodologies of different philosophical origins could all be systematically combined
to contribute to organizational goals." They support this finding by explaining that "there was a
distinct lack of evidence, at any level, of complaints of unnecessary overlap and contradictory
goals" (McAdam and Donagan, 2003). They recommend further research is this area because "the
integration and aggregation of these approaches and their effects would appear to have the potential
to produce a coherent approach to business improvement strategy" (McAdam and Donagan,

Strategic Capabilities
Strategic Capabilities 2011 Introduction Strategy is all about planning the next moves, making
decisions – how and where to move forward from the current position. In the past, strategy was
associated mainly with the military sector, the top chiefs of command were making tactical choices
in order to defeat their rivals and achieve victory. In the business sector the purpose of strategy is in
principle the same, planning and building a road or path that will lead us to where ever it is we want
to be in the future and to overcome all obstacles that might lay on the way. However, there is a
difference between those two sectors, soldiers need only to follow orders without seeing or
understanding the big picture, while in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The way they can reach superiority over others could only aspire to reach can be describe in the
Value, Rarity, Inimitability and Non–substitutability of their product or service (known as VRIN).
Strategic Capabilities Methodology. In order to improve and understand organization strategic
capabilities, the organization can learn from others (Benchmarking). That's mean, looking and
analyzing competitors who manage to achieve success (or failure), compared with the current status
of the organization, will produce information that can help the organization to learn to evolve and
develop. This information, for example, can indicate industry trends – does a certain product or
service contain potential or not, what does other do well that we don't. In addition, this information
can point out different disadvantages in our choices, actions and activities. A deeper specific internal
analysis regarding the organization activities can emphasize the organization 's competitive
advantage with a focus on the organization 's value – which Michael Porter defined as the value
chain. There are primary activities

The Role and Nature of Power
Definition of Power
The role and nature of power is often contested in its definition and can be seen as a broad and
generic term. Building blocks of 'Power' include factors such as population, territory, wealth,
political stability and competence, and military strength (armies and navies). , Military power will
be used as the constituent of 'power' for this essay.
There are two important categories of power within the International System. These are
distinguished as Potential and Actual Power.
Potential Power
Based on population size and the level of wealth of a state. Population and wealth are the main
components of military power.
Actual Power
This is based on the military forces that directly support a state.
The Modern International System
The Modern International System timeline is surrounded Conjecture and dispute. However for the
purpose of this essay the systems timeline will be composed of three occurrences. These are:
16th Century
The Global Economic System arose where the European International System expanded overseas.
Expansion of Atlantic trade and Growth in economic riches going tonto Europe
17th Century
Treaty of Westphalia after the 30 year war and the rise of severing modern states
19th Century
Development of a Global Full International system (modern international system) through
Imperialism and American decolonization.
The full Modern international system involved military–political, economic and socio–cultural
interaction. General great

Lean Six Sigma
The establishment of Lean Six Sigma is to take a gander at items/benefits through the client 's eyes
and decide how enhancements can wipe out "waste". Lean Six Sigma takes after a thorough
methodology of DEFINE... MEASURE... ANALYZE... IMPROVE... CONTROL. Through this
procedure we distinguish the 7 sorts of waste that is, Overproduction, Inventory, Extra Processing,
Motion, Defects, Holding up, and Transportation. A group is structured to direct an Action Work Out
to actualize changes that will wipe out the waste. Since "Waste makes Waste" we should ceaselessly
Kaizen (improve) to streamline and streamline our methodologies. We exceed expectations to model
the Toyota Production System (TPS) with the aid of Shingijutsu specialists that show us the ... Show
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As indicated by numerous business examiners and quality change specialists, Lean Six Sigma is the
most mainstream business execution approach ever.
Lean and Six Sigma in Healthcare:
For quite a long time the US medicinal services industry has been working all alone way
disregarding developing elements, for example, rivalry, quiet wellbeing, soaring health awareness
cost, risk, misbehavior protection cost and utilization of DRG for Medicare and protection
installment. Be that as it may, as these components got to be more predominant and rivalry inside
the business increased, numerous US healing facilities have been getting to be progressively mindful
of the discriminating needs of controlling the working expenses and meet and even surpasses the
desires of patient consideration quality. This paper presents a model of Six Sigma methodology to
health awareness quality administration for clinics in the US furthermore abroad.
The human services industry in the U.s has been working all alone customary monetary space
disregarding present developing components, for example, rivalry, quiet security, soaring social
insurance cost, risk from misbehavior claims and more government control on Medicare installment.
Anyhow as of late, these components have gotten to be more predominant and rivalry inside the
business has been strengthened, and numerous US healing facilities has been getting to be

Analysis of The Great Illusion, by Norman Angell Essay
Advances in technology and the expansion of trade have, without a doubt, improved the standard of
living dramatically for peoples around the world. Globalization brings respect for law and human
rights and the democratization of politics, education, and finance to developing societies, but is
usually slow in doing so. It is no easy transition or permanent solution to conflict, as some overly
zealous proponents would argue. In The Great Illusion, Norman Angell sees globalization as a force
which results from and feeds back into the progressive change of human behavior from using
physical force toward using rational, peaceful methods in order to achieve economic security and
prosperity. He believes that nations will no longer wage war ... Show more content on
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His rosy view of globalization at the beginning of the twentieth century is also naïve in that it
downplays the role and the potential strength of nationalism, especially during times of crisis, and
refers to military spending and arms buildup as "economically futile" rather than as dangerous but
necessary, as they in fact were.
While colonialism did not always pay, in many cases it did allow a military power to promote
development of and trade with a colony in ways that would benefit the mother country. Angell
correctly emphasizes the importance of trade to economic prosperity, but incorrectly asserts that
colonizing nations cannot influence trade patterns or reap a profit from the trade that a colony
carries on. Furthermore, Angell focuses his criticism of military spending on demonstrating the
pointlessness of using military force to physically invade and steal gold reserves or take over
factories, or to kill off foreign "competitors" who are vital as producers and consumers in the global
economy. No nation intended to use their military force for this purpose. In reality, European nations
used military force to protect economic holdings, such as safe trade routes and favorable tariffs and
taxes. While he is correct to some degree in saying that military power will not force consumers to
buy products of inferior quality, political power does secure the right to create

Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification Analysis
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification video course l Certification l Training
Description –Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification is the in–depth video program for
Six Sigma methodologies and last stage of master. It helps a company to achieve improve product
quality and increased the profits of the organization.
Keywords – what is Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training video course, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training online, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training online exam, certification of Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training expert, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training
certification exam
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification In this course the theoretical base knowledge
(theory, examples and exercises) use in practical to support project. The Training consist of
enterprise wide deployment, process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It highlights the Project selection, for maximum impact define techniques, leadership and team
management, process management and measures, conversion of practical problem to statistical
problem and to develop statistical solution and convert back to practical solution for implementation
and project management techniques such as presentation of project, project closure and successful
transition by using tools and analysis methods(SWOT, total productive maintenance, measurement
system re–analysis, sustain improvement, hypothesis testing, additional analysis). direct for
improving project any of the critical to x (CTX), feedback from customer and meet customer
request, Six Sigma Roles and Responsibilities, DOE, visual control, kanban–Pull & Takt time,
common DFSS methodology, design for X, robust design and process, porter's five competitive F,
theory of inventive problem,

Military Capability During Peacetime Innovation
Resources, accurate innovation, political support, and privatized development are four crucial
factors for enhancing military capability during peacetime innovation. Therefore, countries that
effectively manage internal resources, and are funded through political support will often be at the
forefront of military development. Moreover, accurate innovation is essential in ensuring that
innovated technology aligns with the required capabilities to defend the nation. Therefore, countries
with political support in achieving their military vision through accurate peacetime innovation, often
have the upper hand in future military strength. Political support is the primary and foremost key
component in developing successful innovation. Furthermore, military innovation cannot deviate
from the strategic guidance of the nation, without reconstructing the defense strategy and military
vision. Nonetheless, this reconstruction can occur if the current innovation and military development
is defined upon outdated technology. Therefore, peacetime innovation is an opportunity to combat
deficiencies as well as capability gaps, in order to maintain the competitive edge against potential
enemies or threats to a nation. Most importantly, the cost of the innovation, training, and
implementation must be feasible through funding and allocation with approval by bureaucrats.
Spending outside ones means in this factor will result in both incomplete and inadequate innovation.
1 Political

Implementing Best Procurement And Acquisition Practices
In order to institutionalize best procurement and acquisition practices in an organization, I would
begin by forming a cross–functional team made up of supply management personnel, finance
personnel, attorneys, human resources, engineers, and other subject matter experts. As was
highlighted in chapter ___ of the class text, this is the best approach for ensuring that the broadest
possible range of ideas and perspectives are incorporated early into the planning process.
Additionally, it ensures that a great idea conceived of by one functional area is viewed from within
the restrictions and/or limitations imposed by another. As with specifications development, this
process allows the team to develop a reasonable, effective, and implementable plan that works
across functional areas and provides the greatest return on investment. One company that has been
particularly successful in implementing best practices is Toyota. I would adopt that companies
approach to implementing best practices by delegating responsibility down to the lowest level. For
example, if anyone on the factory floor spots a deficiency, he or she has the authority to stop the
assembly line so that the condition and its contributing factors may be examined, recorded, and
analyzed. This same principle could be applied to the acquisition process. By empowering rank–
and–file purchasers, contract specialists, contract administrators, and quality control personnel to
approach management and provide input on

Introduction Of A Six Sigma Project Has Been Performed On...
Introduction
A six–sigma project has been performed on Music Co. as the company was experiencing a high
number of tickets relating to its digital release planning system that caused delays in expected
release date. The delays affected customer satisfaction because if the music vendor did not release
their recording on time, it would lead the customer to opt for a pirated version, which also causes
company loss in sales. The company hopes the project team can use DMAIC to analyze and improve
their release process in a timely fashion with fewer errors. They also hope to find out what reasons
caused the delays and eliminate the root causes. The planning involves various human based
processes, so the company wants to achieve as few errors as possible.
Summary
Before they start to utilize DMAIC into this project, they have created a project qualification
checklist to weigh and focus on segments that they should concentrate and improve on. However,
they finalized this project as a must–do and will be able to grow the process but cannot reengineer
the whole procedure.
As stated above, the company used DMAIC to define the problem and solve it. In this project, the
author has also included lessons learned at the end of the project. So the report has been well–
classified into 5 parts accordingly – Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
Step 1: Define phase
In this phase, the project team created a SIPOC diagram to analyze the complete overview of the
operation process.

Dynamic Seal
Issue: Dynamic Seal, a precision parts manufacturer with a reputation for high quality, does not
currently utilize a Statistical Process Control (SPC) system. However, United Airlines (UA), a major
customer representing 14% of Dynamic Seal's business, insists they implement an SPC system or
loose United Airlines' business. In addition Dynamic Seal do not have a sound preventative measure
quality control system in place, preferring 100% inspection to cull bad quality, rather than building
parts correctly from inception.
Goal: Reduce product variance and the need for rework by implementing a company–wide quality
control system that includes an element of Statistical Process Control. A secondary goal is to reduce
waste by focusing on Lean ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6. Machinists set informal equipment specifications, not the QC Dept.
7. The company operates a 100% inspection policy.
8. In–process inspection is infrequent, therefore origin of 25% of defective issues cannot be found.
9. Inspection and assignment of rework involves significant lag.
10. QC system generates significant volumes of paperwork: 80 defective reports (DMR) per week.
11. Product blueprints and Inspection Specs (IMS) often do not match and are not updated.
12. Initial defective rate documents (DMR) are often produced post–rework.
Analysis: Two sets of process data have been collected for initial analysis. Before specific SPC
issues can be addressed the process and equipment should be assessed to see they meet the
capability requirements laid out in the customer specs.
The first process examined uses the Lablond Lathe machinery and requires a machined diameter of
7.7250, plus tight tolerances of + .0005 inches. A Process Capability Ratio (Cpk) analysis of the
lathe's data, results in a Cpk of .379 (exhibit A). A result of less than one indicates the machine is not
capable of matching the tolerances laid out in the IMS spec. Therefore the Lablond Lathe is not
suitable to handle the process it is being used for. Before a more suitable machine is selected, the
Lablond Lathe should be checked for calibration, as should the measuring equipment used. If all fall
within calibration specs, new

Risks And Risk Response Strategies
Having identified the risks and grouped them according to severity, the first trade–off the manager
has to make is the decision to forego managing the less severe risks and focus on those which pose
the most severe threat to the project. More significant risk may include risks which require the entire
redesign of the project, whereas less severe risk may include those which cause little or no material
changes to the project. Since the less severe risks are likely to cause little or no material changes to
the project and use less resources, it is reasonable to trade–off these risks in favour of managing the
more severe risks. On the other hand, these risks will remain and continue to pose a threat to the
project, therefore they should be recorded in the risk register and dealt with as secondary risks. Risk
response strategies should then be implemented to deal with both the severe and less severe risks
which have been previously identified and analysed (Elkington & Smallman, 2002). Hillson (2009)
identifies four possible risk response strategies: avoidance; transfer; mitigation and acceptance. Risk
avoidance involves completely eliminating the possibility of the risk. The simplest and most
common method of avoiding the risk is removing it from the project deliverable. Another common
way of avoiding risks is designing around them. Risk transfer involves giving the responsibility of
the risk to someone or an organisation outside of the project. There are several ways

The Components Of The Right Equipment
right equipment is one thing but also having the correct substances is vital. As in manufacturing
most of the equipment are mechanical controlled systems, alongside with electronics they 'll consist
of actuators, mechanisms, motors, valves and other mechanical parts . So essential substances can be
lubrication to ensure seamless and flawless functionality to coating the equipment to avoid rust or
corrosions depending on what products are being produced.
Transportation: Transportation is essential. 8/10 cases raw materials, essential ingredients, and many
useful items are procured from other facilities, transportation is vital. From the costs for rent or
ownership of the vehicles to the fuel maintenance of them also.
Research and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Uncertainty in Manufacturing:
What does this mean? Uncertainty in manufacturing is when the fate of a company or a product is
not certain. This can be due to the reputation the company has or the product produced has failed to
gain popularity. Quality of the product is vital, consumers expect to buy products with the intention
that it will be reliable. For an example the games console Atari Jaguar which was released in the
early 1990 's. Featuring a 64 bit system it was very powerful for its time, and was significantly
cheaper then rivals. So to the average person you 'd think this would have been a huge success.
However in the marketing campaigns the slogan "Do The Maths" was used as a sales tactic,
unfortunately this lead to potential customers being made redundant, this was seen as a cheeky ploy
on Atari 's part. The design was not ergonomic, the control pad was simply too big and consisted of
loads of buttons which rendered the feel of the pad uncomfortable. Furthermore a very small
selections of game were made to run on Atari 's firmware, the console also didn 't have a great
software to run in the first place. Unfortunately the console was a failure and also led to Atari 's
demise. So by looking at that example, that was believed to be a huge success but since little

The Six Sigm An Approach For Business Improvement Keeping...
Six Sigma is an approach for Business Improvement keeping customer satisfaction as the primary
goal and to find and eliminate variations in parts based on the outputs obtained. Six Sigma is a
strategic process. Implementation of Six Sigma effectively would ensure enhanced customer
satisfaction boosting sales and profit levels.
Six Sigma has two different focuses which includes Management and technical [1]. The
Management focus deals with Project metrics, identifying goals, approving/selecting projects and
selecting the workforce on the project [1]. The technical focus primarily deals with minimizing the
variation and improving process performance. Six Sigma predominantly depends on the
management team inorder to complete the assigned projects in timely manner and to ascertain
meeting specific objectives. The Business improvement involves five different stages. Define,
Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. Six Sigma gives at most importance to detailed results at
the bottomline and predict the impact on the Business environment before the Project is approved.
The four significant aspects of Six Sigma are customer satisfaction, understanding of the Process,
critical decision – making and Business results. Six Sigma is advantageous for companies that rely
on bottom–line results and minimizing the number of defects in the Production process. Six Sigma
serves as the common technique or mode in order to measure quality gains of different organizations
and also to compare one

Roles Of SOF, And The Role Of Special Operations
2.1.2. Roles of SOF
Special operations embody a distinct military capability of strategic value to national security. In a
strategic culture, military special operations and SOF–SOF power–represent a unique type of
military power in the same manner that land, naval, and air power differ and have need of theory
and doctrine to guide their strategy, operations, and professional development. SOF are a distinct
military instrument as are the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Joint Forces. All are founded in
and attentive on the occurences of war and part of the military profession, but are dedicated to
capabilities engrained in differing qualities, attributes, characteristics, and doctrine that allow them
to better overcome friction and achieve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legal and moral and political–cultural constraints can be understood and given appropriate political
and mission consideration as would any other strategic issues. However, SOF cannot operate so far
out of convention that it is not acknowledged as a legitimate actor of the sovereign state. Special
operations and SOF exist on the cutting edge of change and stability in the security environment.
SOF, by virtue of the value of SOF power to national security in the emerging security environment,
are logically policymakers' preferred first responders to a vast range of traditional and nontraditional
threats and choices. The emerging environment is characterized by volatility, uncertainty,
complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) associated with great change. SOF can both deal with and
manipulate these with special operations. However, such periods place a premium on strategic
thinking and execution. In such circumstances, instructions provided, choices made, and actions
taken may have extraordinary effects on security and in molding the future. Special operations must
achieve the desired strategic effects and elude any undesirable second– or third–order effects.
Special operations logically advocate changes and continuities within the setting of their operations,
but always with a consideration of all the potential outcomes and the greater security concerns. SOF

Essay on Deutsche Allgemeinversicherung Solution
| |2011 |
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| | |
Deutsche Allgemeinversicherung
Process Measurement and Improvement
Introduction
The case is based on an insurance service company which traced back to 1994. The company was
facing problems in controlling and improving service quality and operation performance. This essay
will stress on introducing the SPC (statistical process control) to DAV and providing suggestions on
improving both the SPC and the company's operation performance. The five questions required are
covered and allocated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average of fraction defective is merely a number which cannot tell us what to do with it even
when we get it. Thus SPC is more accurate and systematic to analyze the process of customer
service operation.
2. Primary challenges
There are basically two challenges that implementing the SPC to a service company:
1) Difficulties of deciding and selecting what to measure and
2) Too much uncertainty because of the human behavior
3. Sample: how SPC works
Here is an example of employing SPC (P–Chart) for DAV's PMV project.
The first 12 weeks of the data displayed in Appendix I represent the diagnostic period for the Policy
Extension Group.
From the calculation (See Appendix I), we get the 3–sigma control limits for the process, i.e.
UCL=0.091, LCL=0.014. These control limits indicate that if the error proportion is within the range

of [0.014, 0.091], the process is under control; if not, the process is out of control.
Here is the P–Chart for the data from Week 13 to Week 30.
[pic]
It is then clear that the process is out of control in Week 23 and Week 24.
In addition to process control, SPC can also help lower rank employees to better understand the
different standards of the services and draw their attention to self–control of fraction

Edward Luttwak 's Analysis On Military Force, Military...
Edward Luttwak's analysis of Roman strategy evaluates the link between military force, military
power, policy, and deterrence. Luttwak describes force as the actual application of a state's military
capability while power is derived from the state's perceived ability to impose force. The Romans
employed a combination of force and power to achieve their policy aims regarding security.
Deterrence provides security by relying on power and the threat of force to prevent an adversary
from committing an unwanted act. Today, United States policy leverages the nation's perceived
power, bolstered by its potential to employ force, in order to deter aggression by potential
adversaries and enhance security. To begin, it is important to explore Luttwak's definitions of force
and power. He describes the use of military force as a finite ability to directly apply military means
in order to force an adversary's compliance. A state's ability to use force is thus limited by the size of
its military capability and its ability to concentrate that capability against an enemy. More
importantly, once military forces are committed to an action they are no longer available to pursue
other objectives and are essentially consumed. The implication is that reliance on military force
limits a state's ability to achieve its objectives to the amount of force it can employ at a given time
and place. Examples of the finite nature of military force are numerous. Luttwak points to

Australia And Japan Expressed Their Interest Of Signing A...
Australia and Japan expressed their interest in signing a defence technology cooperation agreement
after Japanese Prime Minister Abe and Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott 's meeting during
Abe's visit to Australia in July (Prime Minister of Australia 2014). This is surprising for the
international society as the Japanese constitution did not allow Japan to export its military
technologies until the Japanese government's recent change to Article 9 (Nye 2014). Even though
the agreement is not signed yet, this news had attracted many attention from around the globe. There
are various kinds of explanations and analyzations on why this two states would choose to release
such information at this time. The argument for this essay would be that the defence technology
cooperation agreement may be one of the many policies that aims on making Japan a normal
country, in response in the rising power of China and the threats from Korea, so that it can play a
better role in balancing regional security. This essay will try to prove this argument by briefly
introducing why Japan is not a normal country within the international society and Prime Minister
Abe's recent efforts to change this situation, how a defence technology cooperation agreement
between Australia and Japan can play a critical role on this matter, why Japan and Australia are
considering choose to sign such agreement with each other, and the incentives for Australia to
support Japan's goal of strengthening its military

Continual Improvement (Total Quality Management)
1. Introduction Statistical process control refers to a statistical method used to separate variation
produced b y special causes and varation produced by natural causes. This is done so that it is
possible to eliminate the special causes and to establish and maintain consistency in the process,
allowing the process to be improved. A Process refers to everything that is done in a workplace.
Multiple factors affect these processes and they are usually refered to as the Five M's. The Five M's
are, the Machines employed, Materials used, the Methods(manuals for labour) provided, the
Measurements taken, and the Manpower(workers) who operate the process. When all Five M's are
conformed(no misadjustments in the machines, no flaws in the ... Show more content on
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It shows how the process changes over time by measuring the number of defects or occurrences
found in the sampled subgroup, per item or group of items. What defects or occurrences mean is that
any characteristics are present but they are not supposed to be there, or some characteristics that are
supposed to be present but are not there. Fig 2.4: C Chart sample Np chart The Np chart is similar to
c chart in a way that the data collected in subgroups are of the same size. However it shows how the
process changes over time by measuring the number of nonconforming items it produces. Fig 2.5:
nP chart sample 2.2 Task 1 2.2.1 Background Info: The government invites two companies to bid for
a contract to produce 100 flight–line avionics maintenance systems. The design is owned by the Air
Force and the Air Force will provide all necessary documentation to the successful bidder. Both
companies understand the requirements of the contract and both are equipped and have the know–
how to manufacture the devices. Company ABC, with no SPC experience, develops a conservative
proposal, accounting for 25% rework in its manufacturing labor costs, padding materials costs by
10% in anticipation of scrap work and allowing for inspection sufficient to expose out most of the
defects – calculated at 20%

Statistical Control Charts Essay
Introduction and History of Statistical Process Control Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method
of controlling the quality of a manufacturing process and is most often affiliated with control charts.
However, SPC in reality is a group of tools and includes additional statistical and
evaluation/measurement methods. Smith, Megahed, Jones‐Farmer and Clark defined seven basic
tools of SPC including; histograms, check sheets, Pareto charts, cause–and–effect diagrams, defect
concentration diagrams, scatter diagrams and of course the aforementioned control charts (2014).
These tools represent the scope and overall purpose/pursuit of SPC which is; "any statistical method
designed to detect changes in a process over time" (Woodall & Montgomery, 1999, p. 377). Since
control charts is often the most discussed of these seven tools; it is important to note there are many
different types of control charts. The main control charts include; process charts which are R–charts
and s–charts, non–conforming item charts also known as p–charts and np–charts and finally average
numbers of non–conformity charts or c–charts and u–charts (Woodall & Montgomery, 1999).
Statistical Process Control experienced its most significant growth and expansion during the quality
revolution in the 1980's (Woodall & Montgomery, 1999). It was during this time period that the
focal point of quality changed from being merely acceptance or customer defined quality criteria to
actual process control (Woodall &

Improving Customer Satisfaction Without Changing The...
This case study deals with improving customer satisfaction without changing the support cost per
call. The problem was resolved using a Six Sigma DMAIC problem solving methodology. The basic
equation of Six Sigma, Y = f(x), defines the relationship between a dependent variable 'Y' or the
outcome of a process and a set of independent variables 'x' or possible causes which affect the
outcome. In this case study, 'Y' is the new account growth, whereas 'x" is the number of transfers,
wait time, and service. The Company The subject company is an IT Call Center, which is in a highly
competitive industry due to it being the fastest growing industry in the world. With competition
being so fierce, this creates low prices in the given market. Subsequently, for an organization to
maintain market share and profitability, it must offer the best service in the market. The call center
provides services to a variety of customers such as online and telephone services. The
responsibilities of a call center are to handle questions from clients with problems. The company
purchased industry data from a clearinghouse, which gathers a variety of information about
customer satisfaction and call center technical and business performance. By comparing their
company to the industry standards, they discovered their customer satisfaction was average or below
the industry standard. The company's satisfaction rating is 73% on a 100% standardized score,
whereas the industry average is 76% and best in

The Six Sigm Concepts Of Supply Chain Management
Topic: Six Sigma
1.0 Introduction
What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? Supply Chain Management is the synchronization of a
firm's processes with those of its suppliers and customers to match the flow of materials, services,
and information with customer demand. To provide the highest degree of customer satisfaction at
the lowest possible cost is the flow in supply chain in management of material and information. The
commitment of supply chain partners is important and requires to work together to coordinate order
generation, order taking, and order fulfillment in Supply Chain Management. To maximize customer
value and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace is the active streamlining of a business'
supply–side activities in Supply Chain Management. Development and implementation supply
chains by suppliers is the effort represents Supply Chain Management that are as efficient and
economical as possible. To product and development, the information systems are needed to direct
these undertakings which is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From initial creation to final sale, Supply Chain Management oversees each touch point of a
company's product or service. Through efficiencies or lose value through increased expenses, proper
SCM can increase revenues, decrease costs and impact a company's bottom line with so many
places along the supply chain. So SCM can help company to manage and revise its supply chain
efficiently to stay ahead of the changing trends and continue to add value to its bottom line. Besides
that, technology portion has invested in supply chain which use to synthesize relevant data and to
forecast customer purchase behavior which is a forward–looking implementation in SCM to meet
the expected demand. It also reduces the cost of warehousing and transportation which excess

The Air Force ( Eaf )
Egyptian air Force (EAF) is undergoing a prime convert in the field of technology and information
warfare which requires the steady understanding of new technology and innovation and switch of
equipment. However, material superiority merely is not sufficient. A greater importance is the
development of organizations, training and education, leaders and personals that effectively take
advantage of the technology. Thoroughly fancy equipment is nice, technology will not achieve full
scale improvement without knowledgeable people. Professional education can link that gap. In the
bilateral exercises with the air forces of United States, France, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab
Emirates, our men and machines put up outstanding performances making ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They would be required to understand the political, economic, diplomatic, technological and
military environment. Most of the operations would be joint operations, and a cyber–warfare would
add another challenge. Therefore, there is today a need to evolve an effective Professional Military
Education (PME) program to develop future Aerospace leaders who are able to quickly understand
the complexities of the prevailing situation and appropriately apply the highly potent capabilities of
Aerospace power to achieve the desired results most cost effectively. This paper focuses on
Professional Military Education (PME) requirements of the officer cadre in view of the
transformation of the Egyptian Air Force by 2030.
Egypt will reemerge as a major regional power in the early 21st century and its EAF organizations
capabilities will influence to a significant degree the outcome of future wars in our region. No other
profession demands more of manpower, than the military profession. It is noteworthy that, despite
the responsibilities attached to the man in uniform, very little has been written about the kind of
education that he undergoes. While EAF 's vision 2030 gives the force structure in the future
battlefield scenarios it neither talks about how the EAF would be providing PME to the future
leaders nor the infrastructural requirements to meet the demands. Today, we stand a transitional
period, as the machine age

Operation and Supply Chain Management
OPERATION & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Sec I– strategy & sustainability
1. OSCM
2. strategy & sustainability
3. product & service design Sec II– manufacturing, service & health care processes *4.
strategic capacity management *4A. learning curves 5. process analysis 5A. job design & work
measurement 6. production process 6A. facility layout *7. service processes *7A. waiting line
analysis *8. health care processes 9. six sigma quality 9A. process capability and SPC 10. projects
Sec III– supply chain process *11. global sourcing & procurement (purchasing) 12. location,
logistics, & distribution
*13. lean & sustainable supply chains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Management and staff jobs on OSCM working for Chief Operating Officer (COO): * plant manager:
oversees the workforce & physical resources (inventory, equipment, information technology) *
hospital administrator: oversees HRM, staffing, finances * branch manager (bank): oversees all
aspects of financial transactions * department store manager: oversees all aspects of staffing and
customer service * call center manager: oversees staffing & customer service activities *
supply chain manager: negotiates contracts with vendors and coordinates the flow of material inputs
to the production process and the shipping of finished products to customers * purchasing manager:
manages day–to–day aspects of purchasing such as invoicing and follow up * business process
improvement analyst: applies the tools of lean production to reduce cycle time and eliminate waste
in the process * quality control manager: applies techniques of statistical quality control such as
acceptance sampling and control charts to the firm´s products * lean improvement manager: trains
organizational members in lean production and continuous improvement methods * project
manager: plans and coordinates staff activities such as new product development, new technology
development, and new facility location * production control analyst: plans and schedules day–to–
day production * facilities

The Capability Approach By Amartya Sen
Amartya Sen.
Amartya Sen is a highly respected, award winning economist, writer and philosopher. A voice of the
poor and malnourished, energetically engaged in the issues of the general public's poorest
individuals, he has contrived answers for nourishment lack and starvation. At present a Professor of
Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University, Sen has likewise been a Professor at the London
School of Economics and The University of Oxford. He has won a variety of prestigious awards
including the Bharat Ratna, the most prominent civilian award in India. In 1954, he was granted the
Adam Smith Prize. In 1998, he was the beneficiary of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic
Sciences that he got for his commitment to the field of 'welfare ... Show more content on
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Regardless of whether individuals take up the alternatives they have, the fact that they do have
valuable options is significant. For instance, regardless of the possibility that the dietary condition of
individuals who are fasting and starving is the same, the way that fasting is a choice ought to be
perceived. In this manner assessment must be sensitive to both genuine accomplishments and
successful opportunity.
4. Evaluation of how well people are doing must seek to be as open–minded as possible. Each
individual's reality is different and complicated and any evaluation should portray this complexity
into consideration. This leads to the deliberate 'under–theorization' of the Capability Approach that
has been the source of some criticism.
A critical part of Sen's argument for the Capability Approach identifies with his critique of
alternative philosophical and economics accounts. Specifically, he argues that, whatever their
specific qualities, none of them give an examination of prosperity that is suitable as a general idea;
they are all centered on the wrong specific things (whether utility, freedom or essential
merchandise). Sen's reactions of economic utilitarianism and John Rawls' primary goods are
especially vital in the development of his record and its

Research Paper On Lean Six Sigma
Now a day's global market in the world and all companies are looking up making new
improvements that drive bottom line results. In that process all originations and companies are
turning to process improvement methodologies such as lean six sigma. Continual improvement, as
one of the objectives of a quality management system is achieved by the improvement of all
processes and activities at a particular stage of the production cycle. Continual process improvement
is also the only way how to survive and succeed among competitors. The management of the
company will always be looking for opportunities that will enhance the effectiveness of the
company's processes. Lean Six Sigma is one of the significant methodologies of quality
management, this seeks to increase productivity and improve quality of process outputs. As a
customer oriented managerial strategy, it emphasizes that imperfection is an opportunity for
improvement. The Lean Six Sigma system helps to effectively reduce any defective process; it
improves the quality of the provided services and makes the ... Show more content on
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The basic principle of improvement by the processes of Six Sigma methodology is by the reduction
of diffusion. The six sigma approach aims to reduce defect levels to only a few parts per million for
an organization's key products and processes. The Six Sigma philosophy is based on the fact that all
processes from design, through to manufacturing and to services provided to customers, display
aberrances, which may result in product errors that cost time and money. These errors are variations
of processes that can be reduced by various methods in order for the real cause of the problem to be
systematically identified and

Production and Operation Management
生產與作業管理期末報告
Case Study: Hot Spot Plastics Company
0013142陳品翔 0013116廖冠倫 0013148 邱聖凱 0013151 林梓洋
PARTⅠ
Company introduction: Hot Shot Plastics
Hot Shot Plastics, Inc. filed as an Articles of Incorporation in the State of California and is no longer
active. This corporate entity was filed approximately fourteen years ago on Monday, June 05, 2000,
according to public records filed with California Secretary of State.
Products:
Manufactures processed plastics Plastic cutting machinery, Plastic grinding machinery, Rubber or
plastic mills, Rubber or plastic extrusion dies, Plastic injection molds, Thermoforming molds,
Ejector pins, In mold decoration IMD cylinder, Blow molding machines, Coating machines,
Extruders.
PARTⅡ
Case ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Solution:
Exhibit 1 and 2 shows the X̅ –chart and R–chart with a plot of all sample means and ranges of the
samples. All the points are well within the control limits, although sample 24 is close to the X̅ lower
control limit and samples 17 through 22 are above the target.
3. Twelve additional samples of curetimes data from the molding process were collected from an
actual production run. The data from these new samples are shown before. Update your control
charts and compare the results with the previous data. The X̅ – and R–chart are drawn with the new
data using the same control limits established before. Comment on what the new charts show.
Solution:
Exhibit 3 and 4 shows the X̅ –chart and R–chart with a plot of all (includes previous and new)
sample means and ranges of the samples.
The previous data shows the curetime during the molding process is stable and under control. In
contrast, the additional data is out of control, and considerable fluctuation in the data.
In this statistical process control, we set control limits three standard deviations above the mean and

three standard deviations below. This mean that 99.7 percent of the sample means are expected to
fall within these process control limits. Thus, if one sample falls outside this obviously wide range,
we have strong evidence that the process is out of control.
The data from new samples show the present process is out of control

A Report On The Flow Chart Diagram ( Table D )
In meeting with the process owner and sponsor, we immediately advised per our analysis, added in
'white' in the Flow Chart Diagram (Table D), further process to correct material issues and keep the
project moving.
Evaluation
Note – We find in the map a significant drain on finance to labor and resources, due to incorrect
material, prolonged project time, causing further overhead and loss in profit. We redirected our
investigation to further questions to the key players in the ordering and estimating of materials. This
accounts for a majority of the devastating overhead and lost time of the stakeholders. Further note –
a bottleneck with the supplier and unskilled workforce are also evident. We will utilize the
measurement phase to help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pareto Chart Diagram (Table B) shows a strong correlation between incorrect materials and labor
costs. The control chart below shows the process system in control and needing to change or the
process would continue.
The overage in hours is staggering, at $130,000 per year (being $2,500 per week) or 5,200 hours on
an average. A further overage of materials and direct labor cost totaling $120,000 per year in
incorrect materials, for a total of $250,000 combined in reduction of costs, increasing resources of
the company and client satisfaction. After we brain stormed on Supplies, process activities, output
activities, and customer feedback (SIPOC) and developed further strategy for decision–making.
According to Pyzdek,T., & Keller, (2010) "a (SIPOC) is a flowcharting technique that helps identify
those processes that have the greatest impact on customer satisfaction" (p. 94). That drastically
affects the project cost and impact of the (BVA) Business value analysis. Upper and lower control
limits identified with an X–bar and R chart to validate the process capability with a process mean of
34.84Hr and standard deviation of 1.874Hr.
We concluded that the lack of a continuous process improvement(s) program (CPI) has directly
related to outer influences crippled this organization. A Cause and Effect Diagram produced focus
efforts that directly affected on the overage of hours. This focus of incorrect materials has an impact
on the process as a whole and

Applying Affinity Diagram : A Technique For Organizing...
Glossary of Definitions
Affinity Diagram – – A technique for organizing individual pieces of information into groups or
broader categories.
ANOVA – Analysis of Variance. A statistical test for identifying significant differences between
process or system treatments or conditions. Comparing the variances around the means of the
conditions being compared does it.
Army Human Resources Command (HRC) – A command within the U.S. Army focused on
improving the career management potential of Army Soldiers. From basic training through
retirement and beyond, active duty and reserve Soldiers now have one agency to manage an entire
career.
Attribute Data – Data which on one of a set of discrete values such as pass or fail, yes or no.
Average – Also called the Mean, it is the arithmetic average of all of the sample values. It is
calculated by adding all of the sample values together and dividing by the number of elements (n) in
the sample. Bar Chart – A graphical method, which depicts how data falls into different categories.
Black Belt – A person who receives approximately four weeks training in DMAIC, analytical
problem solving and change management methods. A Black Belt is a full time Six Sigma team
leader solving problems under the direction of a Champion.
Breakthrough Improvement – A rate of improvement at or near 70% over baseline performance of
the as–is process characteristic.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR) – is the analysis and redesign of workflows

SCM 303

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