The Roles Of Taj Sultana In The Pakistan Independence...

The Roles Of Taj Sultana In The Pakistan Independence...
Taj Sultana is one of the most important person and has done a lot in the Pakistan Movement 1947. She is one of the female heroic figures of Pakistan
who had an important role in the Pakistan movement in 1947. She worked with Mouhtarma Ms Fatima Jinnah (Quaid–e–Azam's sister who was
founder of Pakistan) for an independent Muslim state. Taj Sultana was a companion of top women activists of 1947Pakistan Independence Movement.
"Taj Sultana and Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain both met each other when they were travelling from Ambala to Lahore. At that time both told one
another about their work for All India Muslim League. At that moment of time, both of them became good friends and decided to work together for All
India Muslim League with one more woman named ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When an independent Muslim country was announced, there was a lot of savage killing of the Muslim men at that time and all the Muslim
women who were kidnapped or held captive were sexually abused because of which most of the Muslim women got pregnant. After this, all the
Muslim women denied to go with the team of Women Muslim League Worker of which Taj Sultana was a major part of. The Muslim women
believed that they would not be accepted in Pakistan because of what happened to them and also as of what happened to their husbands and family
members. But still Taj Sultana and her team of women workers of All India Muslim league helped them by making use of local police and moved in
a procession before and after the independence and rescued more than 5000 seized Muslim women from Hindu's and Sikh's in entire state of India.
Women of All India Muslim League used to arrange some events like "Dohlki" to solace with the rescued Muslim women. Taj Sultana and her team
used to wear a uniform "overall" given to them by Beghum Fatima which identified them as workers of All India Muslim
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The India And Pakistan Conflict Remains One Of The Most
The India and Pakistan conflict remains one of the most unfaltering and unresolved conflicts of our time. Since the birth of the nation in 1947, conflict
ensued over religion and territory dividing the great nation into two independent states, today known as India and Pakistan. The history of relations
between the two nations follows an oscillating track between times of peace and resumptions of wars and crises. Conflict expanded to encompass a
broad range of issues from terrorism to a nuclear arms race through the history of these nations. Having engaged in four wars over six decades the
countries still stand divided over a multitude of issues today, leading to high tensions between the borders. Through the assistance of... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, led the independence movement. At first, its goal was to gain more rights for Indians and more say in
the British administration. However, as its power grew in the twentieth century, it agitated increasingly for complete independence. Mahatma Gandhi, a
rising voice in the Indian National Congress, led the movement under a philosophy of satyagraha, also known as peaceful protest. Two other
independence movements followed in 1930 and 1942, and due to the increasing pressure on British government during World War II,India was granted
its independence in 1947 (Kaul, 2011). Now, it was the time to institutionalize a government for this newly formed nation. After being granted its
independence, the newly formed nation started to face religious conflicts with Muslims on one side and Hindus and Sikhs on the other. According to
the Central Intelligence Agency (2017), the new nation was comprised of approximately 20% Muslims and 78% of Hindus and Sikhs creating tension
between the differing religions. This tension erupted in violence and according to an analysis created by William Dalrymple in his article The Great
Divide (2015), he characterizes the shift in attitude as "communities that had coexisted for almost a millennium attacked each other in a terrifying
outbreak of sectarian violence, with Hindus and Sikhs on one side and Muslims on the other–a mutual genocide as unexpected as it was unprecedented."

External Factors Of Hinduism And Hinduism
Hinduism has continually modified itself due to a number of external forces but also to internal forces. External forces that have helped modify
Hinduism were Buddhism, Islam, British Colonization, Christianity and even modernity. All have played in a role in shaping or modifying Hinduism
and Indian society.
Islam's major push into India began with Mahmud of Ghazni the Turkish ruler. He had established a Turko–Afghan state boarding on Delhi. The
successor to Mahmud did conquer Delhi and in turn made it his capital. This marked the first in a series of Delhi Sultans. Their empire would
eventually reach from Punjab to Bengal. However, there is no evidence to suggest that a mass conversion to Islam took place under this empire. While
some Buddhist monasteries and Hindu Temples were ransacked it was either due to their wealth or down by zealous Muslim rulers. Islam, Buddhism,
and Hinduism generally coexisted and had peaceful interactions.
Once Babar overthrew the Delhi Sultans he established the Mughal series of rulers over India and became the first Mughal. They would then make
Persian the official language of the government of India. Each Mughal ruler had different attitudes towards Hinduism. Some abolished the special taxes
levied on non–Muslims while others would revive the tax. However, the Mughal rulers left their mark on Indian civil governance and architecture.
Some local and regional lineage heads, chieftains and landlords benefited from Maghul ruling. They grew

Research Paper On I Am Malala Yousafzai
"When a boy is born in Pakistan, it's a cause for celebration. Guns are fired in the air. Gifts are placed in the baby's cot. And the boy's name is
inscribed on the family tree. But when a girl is born, no one visits the parents, and women have only sympathy for the mother" (Yousafzai, 18). A
power yet true statement from Malala Yousafzai in her memoir, I am Malala, shows the gap between males and females inPakistan. That gap has led to
many issues in that region, one being girl's educational rights. The historical significance of this issue is shown through the past of Pakistan and the
shocking statistics that go along with it, as well as the long term effects and what is being done today.
Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of them being the long term effects that has resulted because of this issue. Because of their education neglection, they lack many basic skills
that are needed for work. Reading and writing is needed for many jobs, and if they are illiterate they are unable to perform the assigned tasks. Also,
there are some jobs in Pakistan that are specific to women, and because of the lack of skills these jobs are always in need. Another long term effect is
that many girls are forced into marriage at a young age. Their lack of education leads them to marry an older working man because according to
some Pakistani representatives, girls should be prepared to become 'obedient' wives and mothers rather than be educated (Girl's Education in Pakistan,
2013). Poverty and debt is another long term effect that many are facing because of their lack of education. Women are unable to get a decent paying
job to support themselves or their children if they do not have the skills needed for the job. Historical significance is also seen through the Taliban. They
are a group of people who have gained power throughout the years and because of them many actions were created. Undeserved deaths, many
bombings and unnecessary violence, strict rules, and banning of ordinary things are just a few (Who are the Taliban, 2015). One last reason that the
issue of girl's education in Pakistan has historical significance to it is that many have been inspired by it. Malala was just the start of it, and it
inspired girls and women of all ages in not only Pakistan, but all over the world to fight for their education. Many different organizations are working
to help increase the number of girls that attend school all over the world. Some are The Global Business Coalition for Education, A World at School,
and The Malala Fund. Marriage–free child zones are also being set up in countries where girls are being married off at a young

Othe Native Population And Original Form Of Government
oThe native population and original form of government in Pakistan.
The population of Pakistan is 195,685,058 as of March 27th, 2017, based on the latest United Nations estimates. This is equivalent to 2.62% of the
total world population, ranking at number 6 in the list of countries and colonies by population. In 1955, just a few years after Pakistan became an
independent country in 1947, the population was at 40,427,072. This is a rise of approximately 150,000,000 in 62 years. o The colonial era and the
influence of European rulers on Pakistan and its government.
Fifty–six years after independence, Pakistan remains very much a third–world country. These days the youth of the country sometimes express the
belief that Pakistan would have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ruler of the fourth state declared Kalat 's independence as this was one of the options given to all of the 535 princely states by British Prime
Minister Clement Attlee. Kalat finally acceded to Pakistan on March 27, 1948 after the 'strange help ' of AllIndia Radio and a period of negotiations and
bureaucratic tactics used by Pakistan. Second Balochistan Conflict (1958–1959)
Nawab Nauroz Khan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy. This decreased government representation for tribal leaders, from 1958 to
1959. He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan. It was the second of four Indo–Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly
independent nations. They were arrested, charged with treason, and imprisoned in Hyderabad. Five of his family members, sons and nephews, were
subsequently hanged on various charges.
Third Balochistan Conflict (1963–1969)
A Baloch separatist movement gained momentum in the 1960s, following the introduction of a new constitution in 1956 which enacted the 'One Unit '
concept of political organisation in Pakistan. Tension grew amongst consistent political disorder. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army
with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan. Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri led like–minded militants into guerrilla warfare from 1963
to 1969. It was the third of four Indo–Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent

Islam And Democracy Benazir Bhutto
Islam and Democracy: A Reflection
In the essay entitled "Islam and Democracy", Benazir Bhutto argues that democracy and Islam are not mutually exclusive ideas, but can coexist
peacefully. She provides ample evidence to back up this theory, citing both the Quran and the Constitution ofPakistan. Bhutto also provides the reader
with reasons she believes the two are so rarely seen together. She attributes this to both religious extremism and the hypocritical policies of western
countries; in particular, she points out the United States' talent for supporting freedom in other countries only when it directly benefits the U.S.
economy. To give the reader some background information, Bhutto displays an excerpt from the preamble of Pakistan's Constitution. After defining
Pakistan as an Islamic nation by stating that "sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah" (qtd. in Jacobus 175), the Constitution
goes on to lay out some beliefs that coincide with those of Western democracy. The document claims that "the principles of democracy, freedom,
equality, tolerance, and social justice... shall be fully observed... (and the citizens of Pakistan) shall be guaranteed fundamental rights, including...
social, economic, and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief; faith, worship, and association" (175). The preamble goes on to
declare "Pakistan (is)... a democratic State based on Islamic principles of social justice... dedicated to the preservation of democracy" (175–176). This
passage presents the reader with the idea that, fundamentally, Islamic and democratic values correspond. The Quran, Islam's foundation, also preaches
many of the values familiar to democracy. Bhutto references the Quran, stating "(Allah)... created people of different views and perspectives... and
that diversity is good" (178). She goes on to offer her interpretation of the holy book, saying "the message of the Quran empowers people with rights
(democracy)" (178). By using multiple references, Bhutto establishes her knowledge of the governing body of Pakistan and the Islamic religion. It is
difficult for the reader to doubt her authority on the subject. This leads the reader to a question: if the ideals of Islam and

Political Violence
Contents
Violence:2
Violence in Politics:2
1.Political violence in Pakistan:3 1.1.Causes:3 1.1.1.Inequality:4 1.1.2.Illiteracy:4 1.1.3.Social Injustice:5 1.1.4.Poverty:5 1.1.5.Intolerance:6
1.1.6.Media:6 1.2.Facts:7 1.3.Trends of rising political violence in Pakistan:8 1.4.Effects:11 1.5.Remedies:13
Conclusion:14
References:14
Results:................................................................................................15
Violence:
In society when one person thinks of violence, one usually thinks of individual acts of violence. These types of violence are the kinds of violence
most people fear, which causes us to lock our doors at night. But this is not the only kind of violence we are faced with. In today's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This was stated by Minister for Education, Mrs. Zubaida Jalal in her written reply to a query raised by Senator Sardar Latif Khosa in the Senate.
Giving the province–wise and gender–wise detail, the Minister informed that an estimated 60.8% population is literate in Punjab province. The
literacy rate for male and female are 70% and 51% respectively, she added. In KPK, 47.4% population of the province is literate, out of which 63%
are male and 30.8% female. The Minister said that the literacy rate of Sindh province is about 5.15% out of which 60.5% are male and 42.5%
female. The 34% population of Balochistan are literate and the literacy rate of male and female is about 45% and 23% respectively, she added.
This is so because a large number of people belong to the rural areas and don't pay heed to education as they are involved in agricultural sector.
Another reason for illiteracy is Expensive Education. It is the duty of Government to introduce cheaper means of education. Illiteracy is a big reason
for violence. Violence can't be stopped if people are unaware of what they are doing.
3 Social Injustice:

Foundation of state lies on the social justice. In a state like Pakistan social injustice is very common because the system has failed to do justice with
people and different departments. Poor people are being punished but feudal and landlords are not. Punishments are given according to the status, rich
are being saved contrary to the poor.
A country can't

Malala Yousafzai Hero
"The terrorists thought that they would change my aims and stop my ambitions, but nothing changed in my life except this: weakness, fear, and
hopelessness died. Strength, power, and courage were born." Malala Yousafzai was fifteen years old, riding on her school bus when she was shot in
the head by the Taliban. Her only sin was publically advocating for theeducation of young girls in Pakistan. When I was fifteen, my biggest worries
were whether I'd get my homework done by the following morning. School had become a burden, and there are still days in which I'd rather not
show up. On those days, I force myself to put myself in Malala's perspective, and proceed to haul myself out of bed. If one can conjure up such
courage just to maintain her right to attain an education, I can definitely take advantage of her sacrifices. Malala's resilience and tenacity in the face of
adversity prove that she truly is a hero.
A hero is defined as a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. As a child, Malala was raised in
Pakistan by an advocate of education: her father. He ran a school that she attended throughout her childhood. But when Malala was only eleven, many
Pakistani schools were being targeted by an extremist group called the Taliban. Due to these attacks, only 44% of Pakistan's population are literate.
Malala refused to stay silent about the injustices that were being inflicted upon her Pakistani brothers and sisters. Instead,

The Indian Of Indian Bengal
The famous scholar M.A. Rahim has said in his "The History of Bengal Muslims" that, " It is a matter of great wonder that the Hindu politicians who
have raised movements to protect the division of Bengal in 1905 , have claimed for the division of Bengal in 1947.On the other hand, the Muslims
who have supported the decision of dividing Bengal in 1905 have protested against the division of Bengal in 1947." Actually lack of solution of
community disputes, lack of cordial approach of British Government, selfishness of the politicians of two most political parties 'Muslim League' and
'Congress' etc. were the actors led the way of division of Bengal. The Bengal was divided into two parts. The Hindu West Bengal became the part of
India and the predominately Muslim East Bengal (present Bangladesh) became the part of Pakistan. The partition was done on 14–15 August, 1947 in
the reign of Lord Mountbatten. This partition of Bengal also divided the people spoke Bangla in different ascend in different areas.
Political Economical Reasons behind the Division of Bengal
There are numerous political economic reason working behind the division of Bengal. But political reasons were mostly related to this division. They
are:–
The Eagerness of British Government:
Bengal is a prosperous province. With the establishment of British rule and the establishment of Kolkata as capital the importance of Bengal increased
more and more. The West Bengal became an industrially impoverished area. The target

The Conflict Between India And Pakistan
The conflict in Kashmir appears to most as a bilateral territorial conflict between India and Pakistan. The roots of the conflict are often traced back to
August 1947, when the erstwhile British India was partitioned into two new nation–states – India and Pakistan. The foundation of the Islamic Republic
of Pakistan was the 'Two–Nation' theory propounded by Mohammed Ali Jinnah's, the Leader of the All India Muslim League till August 1947, and then
the first Governor–General of Pakistan. The demand for a separate independent state for Muslims living in British India was founded on the
apprehension that they shall be prejudiced against in the Hindu–majority state of India. As per the said 'Two–Nation' theory, all such states and
provinces where the majority of the population was Muslim were to become a part of Pakistan after the British withdrew from India, and the new
nation–state of Pakistan was created. The independence and the accompanying partition of India were affected through the Indian Independence Act
1947 (hereinafter "the Act"). As per the provisions of the Act, the territories of the British India were to be divided into India and the new State of
Pakistan. The division of the territories was in accordance with religious demography of the constituent states. At that time, there were 562 'Princely
States' in the British India, which were nominally sovereign monarchies under a local or regional ruler in a subsidiary alliance with the British Crown.
These Princely

Genocide In Bangladesh Essay
Have you heard of the country Bangladesh? Bangladesh is the country that began because of a genocide. Bangladesh is a South Asian country
originally called East Pakistan that was once part of a country now known as Pakistan because of the genocide. "The Guinness Book of Records lists
the Bangladesh Genocide as one of the top 5 genocides in the 20th century" (G.B.) The Bangladesh genocide happened 1971. When WestPakistan
began a army crackdown on the eastern wing of the nation bassically trying to be the bigger part of both countries. This led to a nine month long war
for Bangladesh, Members of the Pakistani military killed an estimated of three thousand to three million people and raped between two hundred to four
hundred thousand Bengali

Research Paper On Partition Of India
The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire that gave birth to the two independent and sovereign states of the Dominion of
Pakistan which was later split into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Union of India later Republic
of India on 15 August 1947. "Partition" here refers not only refers to the segregation of two nations, but also to the respective divisions of other
assets of army and navy, valuable minerals in central treasury and other administrative possessions of the respective countries. This partition has been
termed as the largest human migration in history to have ever taken place. That being said it also has paid the price of loss of lives which are
innumerable, from being 200,000 to 500,000 recorded deaths and 14 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims being displaced from this partition.... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, the Partition of India and Pakistan, a decision made by lawmakers far from the front–lines, unleashed an episode of brutal depravity that might
be unmatched in recent history. Growing tensions between Hindus and Muslims throughout the 1940s gave a ride for the desire for a Muslim state.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is regarded as the father of Pakistan, believed that a unified nation would only lead to marginalization of Muslims and,
eventually, violence and civil war. An independent state seemed a solution to this danger. However looking at the grave situation of Pakistan today,
was this a good decision or not is a highly debatable point of discussion running past the minds of

In Pakistan, Which Aspires To Be A 'Islamic State', Sectarian
In Pakistan, which aspires to be a 'Islamic state ', sectarian conflict is part of, and interacts with, broader issues concerning the place of Islam in public
life. There are sectarian identities which diversify each group and say who belongs to what sect , for example the believing of attending a mosque or
madarasa. Islamization, or the introduction of 'Islamic ' norms and institutions through government policy or decree, is another factor which has often
provoked and defined sectarian controversies in Pakistan. That Pakistan professes to be an Islamic state means that Islamic laws will be not observed
in that state but enforced by it. This practice was introduced in 1979 by General Zia Ul Haq. [ Zaman , 1998] It doesn't matter ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Siddiqui , blasphemy laws were requested to target minorities. Blasphemy law is a law limiting the freedom of speech and expression
and are used to protect the religious beliefs of a majority group or those who control the law.
It attracted much attention in Pakistan but the misuse would only cause violence. Christians and non Sunni Muslims were being beaten by the public
without any legal fines. Siddiqui states
"In a 2013 study by the Pew Research Center, Pakistan had the highest possible score on the social hostilities involving religions index, which measures
acts of religious hostility by private individuals, organizations, and social groups. This includes religion–related armed conflict or terrorism, mob or
sectarian violence, harassment over attire for religious reasons, and other religion–related intimidation or abuse. This index thus tries to take into
account individual–level hostilities as well attacks by militant organizations." [ Siddiqui , 2015 , Pg 6 ]
Violence motivated by sectarianism has taken many forms in and prominent representatives from each sect have been victims in tit–for–tat targeted
killings. One group has launched armed attacks against another group's schools and homes and funerals and religious processions have been bombed,
as well have neighborhoods that have demographically dominated that area.

Pakist The United States And United Kingdom Of Asia Essay
Pakistan matters because this country is the corridor between the Eastern Asia and the Middle East. It is one of the six declared nuclear weapon state
with one of the largest armies in the world. Pakistan is important because it has been part of five declared wars in the past sixty years with it's
neighbouring country, India. The country is also at war with few of the most dangerous terrorist groups of the world like Al–Qaeda, Talibans, etc. It is
one of the main allies of United States and United Kingdom of Asia. Pakistan is one of the most complex democracy of the world. It's different
ethnicities, languages and regions makes it one of the most diverse nations in the world. The country was founded on the Westminster model, but the
government has been overthrown by military leaders three times since Pakistan's creation. That makes it function differently from Britain. Many
dismissed the Pakistani economy for years because of it's poor frugality and government functionality. It has constantly faced a rapid economic fall in
the past few years, forcing the world to pay attention.
Impacts from the Past
Pakistan is a very old collection of cultures but it is a newborn nation. Throughout the history, most of the time it was not one country. It has been part
of many empires and civilization. As of Egypt and Mesopotamia, the earliest known civilization in Pakistan also began along the river. From 2500 to
1600 BC, the Harappan culture thrived in the southern part of Pakistan on

Independence Day of Bangladesh
On 26 March, 1971 the independence of Bangladesh was declared and the Liberation War began. The people of then–East Pakistan took part in this war
to liberate Bangladesh from the oppression of military leaders of Pakistan. Independence for Bangladesh was gained through a nine–month civil war
against the Pakistani Army, which resulted in the loss of about 3 million lives.[2] The Mukti Bahini (Bengali "freedom fighters"), with military support
from India, defeated the Pakistani Army on 16 December in the same year, which is celebrated as Victory Day.
Bangladesh and Pakistan
The creation of Pakistan contained the germs of discord between "West Pakistanis" and Bangalis. Initially, the population of East Bengal supported the
creation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The demand for an independent state for Indian Muslims became a living force among the Muslim masses because of its appeal to Indian Muslims that
they would have separate development free from what was described as Hindu domination and exploitation, with an opportunity for economic
prosperity.
On March 23, 1940, the Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution, moved by Fazlul Huq of Bengal, which called for political independence by
creating two states for Muslims. It stated:
"the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North–Western and Eastern Zones of India should be grouped to constitute
'Indian States' in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign."
The Lahore Resolution, which later came to be widely discussed and debated, was effectively by–passed by the Delhi Resolution. Moved by
H.S.Suhrawardy of Bengal and adopted in the Muslim League Legislators' Convention on April 9, 1946, it stated:
"any formula devised by the British Government for transferring power from the British to the people of India...will not contribute to the solution of the
Indian problem [unless]...the Zones comprising Bengal and Assam in the North–East, and the Punjab,

Human Intelligence Operations Within Pakistan Against The...
The Lashkar–e–Taiba in South Asia
SGT Michael T. Monroe
ALC Class 15–008
Author Note
SGT Michael T. Monroe, A Co., 24th MI Bn, 66th MI Bde, INSCOM
SGT Michael T. Monroe is at 14th Platoon, ALC Class 15–008, NCOA.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to SGT Michael T. Monroe, ALC Class 15–008, NCOA, Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613.
Contact: michael.t.monroe11.mil@mail.mil
Abstract
This paper discusses how political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment and time factors affect human
intelligence operations within Pakistan against the terrorist group Lashkar–e–Tabia. This paper goes on to identify the conditions, effect and response of
previously mentioned factors while conduction human intelligence operations. By developing specifically tailored human intelligence responses to the
conditions and effects a human intelligence team will be able to use the environment and population to amplify any existing advantage. When no
advantage exists to the human intelligence collector the response will dictate how the human intelligence team will be able to reduce any disadvantage
or if possible turn that disadvantage into the collector's advantage.
The Lashkar–e–Taiba in South Asia
Introduction
This paper analyzes the human intelligence (HUMINT) application in Pakistan and the disputed area of Kashmir as it relates to collection against the
Pakistani based terrorist group Lashkar–e–Taiba. Factors

Pakist Why Pakistan Matters? Essay
Pakistan
Why Pakistan Matters?
Pakistan matters because this country is the corridor between the Eastern Asia and the Middle East. It is one of the six declared nuclear weapon
states with one of the largest armies in the world. Pakistan is important because it has been part of five declared wars in the past sixty years with its
neighboring country, India. The country is also at war with few of the most dangerous terrorist groups in the world like Al–Qaeda, Taliban, etc. It is
one of the main allies of the United States and United Kingdom of Asia. Pakistan is one of the most complex democracies of the world. It's different
ethnicities, languages and regions make it one of the most diverse nations in the world. The country was founded on the Westminster model, but the
government has been overthrown by military leaders three times since Pakistan's creation. That makes it function differently from Britain. Many
dismissed the Pakistani economy for years because of its poor frugality and government functionality. It has constantly faced a rapid economic fall in
the past few years, forcing the world to pay attention.
1600 BC, the Harappan culture thrived in

Liberation Of Bangladesh Essay
The year 1971 started with high hopes around the world for peace, prosperity and all round development in all spheres. On the eve of 1971 there
were jubilations all over the world from Melbourne to San Francisco, crackers turned the nights illuminating into multicolour, as if Celestial bodies
themselves came down to greet people. Beer Mugs after mugs were gulped down to bid adieu to 1970 and welcome the New Year. Another fresh
new year was here, another year to live, to love and laugh again, to live each day with full zest, without any fear and with full optimism that the new
year and the new day is full of surprises and merriment. People all over the world visited Churches, Temples and Mosques to pray God for them and
the rest of the world for the best, but perhaps India and Pakistan were destined to see each other with bloodied eyes. The militaristic, political
confrontation between these two countries saw the biggest triumph for India, humiliating and unbearable defeat for Pakistan and the creation of a new
nation Bangladesh who went through their most horrible days, from the erstwhile East Pakistan.
The liberation of Bangladesh from the cruel clutches of Pakistan was the main reason for conflict between India and Pakistan. India being a sandwich
between East Pakistan and West Pakistan could not turn his eyes from the genocide perpetuated against the civilians of East Pakistan by West Pakistan
junta.
The partition of India in 1947 by Britishers , based on the theory of

Afghanistan Pros And Cons
By 1992, the Communist government had collapsed and the Peshawar Accord declared Afghanistan to be the Islamic State of Afghanistan. However,
many groups refused to acknowledge the new government and the country soon fell into a civil war that lasted through the 1990s.
Post the Soviet War, civil administration inAfghanistan descended into chaos and lawlessness because government departments, the police system,
justice systems and education systems did not have time to reform. This led to areas being controlled by different armed factions, who in turn were
supported amply by governments and groups in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan and the US.
It was in these conditions during the early 1990s in Kandahar, that the Taliban emerged as a political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Taliban emerged as a powerful movement in late 1994 when Pakistan chose the Taliban to guard a convoy trying to open a trade route from
Pakistan to Central Asia. Pakistan began providing weapons, military training, and financial support, the Taliban gained control over several Afghan
cities and successfully captured Kabul in September 1996. The Taliban continued to control most of Afghan territories with intermittent fighting with
Afghanistan's Northern Alliance, led by Ahmed Shah Massoud, the former defense minister under the coalition government led by President
Burhanuddin

The Link between Violent Video Games and Behavior
Get ready for another week of the Info Channel. Our topic for today, is South Asia. This is the channel that teaches you about the history, people, and
fun facts of the world.
We'll be right back, after the commercial.
Have you ever pondered about the unfairness in India? Have you ever heard of the caste system? The caste system is the categorization of social
groups in India. The first cast is the Brahmin, consisting of people that have a job relating to religion such as priests. The next cast is the Kshatriya,
with warriors and rulers. The next is Vaishya, formed of merchants and traders. The last is Shudra, consisting of peasants and unskilled workers. The
untouchables do the dirtiest jobs, and are so low class that they aren't even put into a caste group. People in different caste groups can't marry each
other. Although foreigners don't have to worry about following this rule if they visited India, it is unfair for Indians. Call now to 1–800–123–4567 to
take a part in stopping this unfair Indian tradition.
South Asia. A place of mysteries and wonders. What are we going to teach you about today?
Let's start with India... and America. Although they seem like two completely different countries, there was one similarity: Gandhi and Martin Luther
King Jr.. Born on October 2, 1869, Gandhi became the leader of India's Independence Movement. He planned peaceful boycotts, trying to drive
British forces out of India. He was jailed from 1922 to 1924, and assassinated in 1948

Pakistan And The Nuclear Bomb : Motivations Exposed...
Pakistan and the Nuclear Bomb: Motivations Exposed through a Constructivist Lens
Intro
It is easy to try to frame the actions of the Pakistani government in its quest for nuclear weapons from a realist perspective. Essentially, this is to say
that a realist views any state as a rational actor which desires to gain and maintain its own status as a world power player in a system of international
anarchy – which is to say there is no entity superior to the state. Additionally, each state will seek to maximize its own self–interests vis–Г –vis its
military and non–military political capabilities in order to ensure state survival and continuity of the governing regime.
Body
As Alexander Wendt said, "anarchy is what states make of it". In order to demonstrate whyPakistan's pursuit of becoming a nuclear weapon state is
constructivism, it is vital to understand the history between Pakistan and India.
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is considered to be a rising star within the international community. According to the Central Intelligence Agency
World Factbook, "The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was
never satisfactorily resolved." The emergence of this persisting rivalry began with the partition of British India, which mostly divided Pakistan and
India along ethnic and religious lines. The relationship between India and Pakistan further devolved with three conflicts, starting in

Genocide: The Cause Of Mass Murders In East Pakistan
Though a broadly used term, genocide did not exist before the terrors of the Holocaust. Afterwards, the United Nations decided to give it its present
definition, a mass killing of a large group of people, usually of the sam religion, ethnicity, or race. In the process, they tried to extinguish all mass
murders around the world, but still many acts of genocide were conducted, for example the genocide in Bangladesh. It began in 1971, in East Pakistan.
The whole genocide began as an attempt to crush forces that were seeking freedom and independence for East Pakistan. West Pakistan released a
campaign of mass murder to kill millions of Bengali. The Muslim Generals then decided that they wanted Pakistan to become pure, and they killed
anyone who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The current governing party is the Awami League (AL), which is center/center–left. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies from the
right–of–center to conservative grouping in Bangladesh.The extreme right or left, while not supported by a large fraction of the populace, are typified
by having very dedicated followers. To the left are the pro–Soviet Bangladesh Communist Party, factions of the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, and other
socialist groups advocating revolutionary change. To the right is a group of Islamist parties, including Jamaat e Islami and Islami Oikyo Jote, who
calls for an increased role for Islam in public life. The fifth major party is the party founded by ex–military ruler General Ershad, the Jatiyo Party (JP)
is ideologically not too different from the AL or the BNP but operates independently. The Pakistani government wanted to stop any Bengali people
from seeking freedom, so they decided to kill them. The Awami League, who was supposed to defend the East Pakistan Military men, became targets
when President Khan thought the Awami League was a threat to his government.Then, in rage, the Awami League fought back against the Pakistani
Military. It all officially began on March 25, 1971, with Operation Searchlight. The goal of the operation was to take control of all the major cities by
March 26, then, within a month, eliminate all political or military leaders. The first to be killed was a group of hundreds of students and teachers, who
were rounded up, then shot to death by the Pakistani Military men

The Conflict Of Indian Muslims
Communities are established upon the foundations of shared language, geography and history, not solely religion. An example of failed attempt to
build a nation on the basis of religion is
"Israel". Since Jews settled there from all over the globe, with difference ethnicities, backgrounds and languages etc., the country is engaged in constant
internal conflict and disagreements, which has made it clear that nations cannot be built upon the basis of religion.
On the other hand the two–nation ideology stated that Muslims and Hindus in the Indian subcontinent are two separate "nations" with their prime
identity being religion. The ideology was a founding principle of Pakistan Movement. Defining an ideology in which religion was a determining factor
of Indian Muslims was coined by Jinnah who declared it as an awakening of Muslims to create a separate country.
But what is ideology? It is characterized as a collective set of principles, ideas and moral values that constitute the goals and aspirations of a society,
group, or person; it shapes their actions and motives for the future and gives meaning to their lives. The concept of ideology is present in everything
from politics to sociology.
As the world changes, older and widely accepted ideologies are brought to question and when established beliefs are challenged, it leads to heated
disagreements and a lot of confusion as it strikes at the core of any issue, movement or

The Role Of Armies In The Kargil War
The Kargil war was a conflict between India and Pakistan. The two countries' Armies were greatly involved in this conflict, with Pakistan having a
bigger role to play in the war. It is important to note that Pakistan begun preparing for this war as early as February 1999 by selecting, training and
deploying troops into the Kargil region. It is also imperative to understand the main intention behind all these preparations. The main aims of this grand
plan were to isolate Siachen, to cause disruptions at several places in the main road connecting Leh and Srinagar, and to interrupt NH–1A. All these
were meant to set the stage for attacking the valley through military and terrorist actions with the main objective of executing their main agenda
dubbed 'Op Topac'– which was to gain control over Kashmir valley.
As discussed by Raghavan & Shorey (2002), the Pakistani troops could not approach the valley directly by taking the routes through either Kupwara or
Baramulla because of the presence of heavy snow and Indian troops. Therefore, the country's army opted for the Kargil sector as the main route through
which they could pursue their plan. Pakistan's success in this battle would mean that the country would gain confidence and prepare itself to launch the
final attack against its enemy and liberate Kashmir. Moreover, if the country managed to seize Kashmir Valley, it would put them in a better position to
avenge its shameful defeat in the 1971 conflict.
The Kargil area is

Pakist Pakistan For Counter Terrorism And Sino Pak...
Pakistan by virtue of its geographic location started its international collaborated in 1990s during the Afghan war. After the war ended, it had to face
the post war consequences as a burden of more than 3 million Afghan refugees, ever growing drug trade in neighborhood as well as Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) ofPakistan. Indeed the militia which fought against erstwhile USSR in Afghanistan was abruptly abandoned who
found safe haven along Pakistan Afghan borders. After 9/11 the situation got complicated, Pakistan was to be fighting against those who were once
trained in collaboration with CIA. Despite worst domestic pressures, Pakistan continued its commitment to international community in its counter
terrorism efforts. Beside others, Ramzi Yousef and Mir Amal Kansi, the prime perpetrator of terrorists' attacks on World Trade Center and United States
embassies in Africa were apprehended by Pakistan. "Despite being the victim of terrorism itself, Pakistan has been cooperating with the international
community and the US in counterterrorism efforts" . After 9/11 China sought cooperation from Pakistan for counter terrorism and Sino–Pak
cooperation and 'combating terrorism, separatism and extremism' agreements were signed in 2005 and 2006. Meanwhile, Pakistani forces killed Hasan
Mahsum, head of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement and captured many suspecting to carry out terrorist attack in China. Role of Pakistan in its
collaborative efforts fighting terrorism

I Am Malala The Girl Who Stood Up For Education
For all of the progress that the movement to increase the education of girls around the world has made in the last few decades, there was an important
piece missing that could have increased the international awareness of the movement: A face
After the horrific events of October 9, 2012, however, the movement got its face: Malala Yousafzai.
Yousafzai survived a bullet to the side of her head that were administered by members of theTaliban on that day in October. Through her perseverance,
she became an international icon and the new symbol for girls who fought for their right to an education.
Malala's memoir, I am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban, featuring Patricia McCormick, portrays a detailed
account of the events in her life in Swat Valley,Pakistan that led up to her near death.
Society in Pakistan is one that is by tradition male–dominated. Men are the breadwinners for their family, they are the ones with jobs, and they have
say in the government. Women, meanwhile, are limited to a domestic lifestyle in which they are the caretakers for children and rarely are seen alone
in public. Because of these roles, the education of girls is much less of a concern, leading to many women going to school for little, if any, time.
This was the society into which Malala was born in 1997. Fortunately, her father wasn't someone to go along with the societal norms. He saw the value
of an education for all people, not just men, dedicating his

Relationship Between China And South Asia
Introduction:
Since the mid 20th century an unlikely formidable alliance had slowly began to flourish in South Asia. China and Pakistan's alliance began in the early
1960's through the early 1970's when conflicts between India vs. China and Pakistan had intensified. The Sino–Indian war that took place in 1962
ended as fast as it began. Along with the war that had taken place between India and Pakistan in 1965 and in 1971 when another indo–Pakistani war
erupted and East Pakistan claimed independence and is known today as Bangladesh (Hagerty, 2002). In this comparison China and Pakistan had
identified their similar interests with their historical and geographical concerns in maintaining "India's power and influence" within Southeast Asia
(Federal China Security Affairs Group [FCSAG], 2010). These are known as Geo–Political interests. There are many definitions of geopolitics but this
one more specifically entails "the competition over the control of territory and extraction of resources" (Jonatan, 2012) China and Pakistan have built a
friendship that is, "higher than mountains, deeper than oceans, sweeter than honey, and stronger than steel" (Tharoor, 2015), they are collaborating on
military technologies and supporting one another's economic interests. Although the contrasts of these two countries greatly outweigh this entente,
with concerns over insurgencies in Pakistan such as it being a safe haven for the Afghani Taliban, saidUnited States President Barack Obama in

The Civil Disobedience Movement
Mean while when the talks were going on secretly, Gen. Yahya Khan delayed the convening of parliament so that political parties can find a solution;
it was seen as a deliberate attempt by Bengalis to keep the power away from their hands, and teach a lesson to the political party of Mr. Rahman, who
in a massive rally at Race course ground Dhaka on 7th March, had announced for civil disobedience movement. But before the two gentlemen could
present the new coalition proposal, General Yahya Khan finding no worthwhile political solution, ordered action against Mr. Rahman, people of East
Pakistan and appointed General Tikka Khan as the commander of forces and Governor to suppress the movement. It seems that Yahya had used the last
session of negotiations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rahman while in England had a secret meeting with Indian foreign officials and diplomats for the support in creation of Bangladesh, the meeting
arranged at a far distance away from the praying eyes of ISI, about 130 Kms. away from London in a small town, over looking the vast fields covered
with snow, made his tears roll down and dropped on the map of East Pakistan before him, Mr. Rahman said with a gloomy sigh "When we shall be
free?".
Mr. Bhutto too left East Pakistan empty handed, but with a smile on the face, that at least he came out successful in depriving Bengalis their due. Little
did he know, his cunningness in near future will tear apart his own country into two? But politicians are always politicians, to foresee the ramifications
are miles away from them.
Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto belonged to a prominent family of Sindh and was born out of wedlock between a rich land owner Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto and
mother Lakhibai who was a Hindu, but later on converted to Islam. He belonged to the most famous clan of the Sindhi Rajput, they are a clan of the
Bhatti Rajputs, and as such are Chanderavanshi. They are mainly situated in Larkana city. His father was the Prime Minister of Junagarh State and an
influential person during British period. Bhutto had his early schooling from Cathedral & John Cannon School, Worli Bombay now Mumbai. Bhutto
earned his B.A. (Hons.) from University of California, USA later on went to Lincoln's

The Women 's Rights Movement
Although countries throughout the world have accomplished full equality for men and women, the women's rights movement in Pakistan has just
begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society.
Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women's voices having half the weight of a man's in
court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir ("Sharia", 9). Groups like the Pakistani Women's Rights Organization are
striving for the removal of laws or practices that justify cruelty towards women. They are also raising awareness of issues displaying discrimination
against women in order to gain supporters in Pakistan and throughout the world. Women's activist groups and individuals have increased in number
throughout the years due to their powerful, public outcries. They all share one common goal: achieve full equality for women in Pakistan ("Human
Rights Issues", 1). Unfortunately, with the augmentation of the women's rights movement, there has also been an increase of violence in the country of
Pakistan. In 2009, there was a thirteen percent increase of violence by non–supporters of the women's rights movement. These cruel activities involve
riots and harassment towards women's rights activist groups. There are three main reasons why people oppose the establishment of women's equal
rights in

Allama Iqbal Essay 2
Sir Mohammad Iqbal, better known as "Allama" (scholar) Iqbal, is a unanimously celebrated poet and thinker all over the state of Pakistan. He is
considered among the founders of Pakistan, and often credited for the very idea of an independent state for Indian Muslims, "Quaid–e–Azam" (the
great leader) Mohammad Ali Jinnah being the man who realized Iqbal's vision and founded "Pakistan" (the land of the pure) in 1947.
Born in Sialkot, Punjab, now part of Pakistan, Iqbal belonged to a family of reasonable means and very strong Islamic values. He was educated in a
variety of subjects which included philosophy, history, art, religion, poetry and prose in a variety of languages. Later, he travelled to Europe and
became a student of law as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some Muslim leaders such as Maulana Ala Maududi disagreed with him on the point of separation, and they never saw eye to eye with Iqbal on this
point, but the fact remained that the reason these leaders had united was because the Muslims were in desperate need of some political guidance and
autonomy. So the only conflict that remained was on how much independence would be enough, and Iqbal advocated complete separation, so that such
a dilemma would never afflict the Muslim community again.
Being a man of Iqbal's mind frame and stature could not have been healthy for his personal life. Married at the age of fifteen (as was customary in his
family), he had two children with his wife, but they ultimately divorced in 1916; the couple had never been happy in twenty–four years of marriage. He
could not have had a very close relationship with his children either, being constantly occupied with his legal career, political aims and finally his
poetry, which often took him on international travels. Recently, this point was affirmed in an interview with his son, Javid Iqbal.
However, in his book Javid–Nama (Book of Javid) he does address his son, although only as a means of addressing the younger generation at large to
heed his words of wisdom. After the divorce, his children remained in the custody of their mother, although Iqbal continued to support the three
financially for the rest of his life. His private life may not be ideal

Pakistanarian Militancy Statement
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:
Sectarianism and militancy has become a major security issue for Pakistan. The history of sectarian conflict in Pakistan is as old as the existence of
this country. But the militant culture in Pakistan has been on the rise for more than a decade. Sectarian killings and extremism has posed a serious
threat to society. This has not only affected the society but also its institutions.Pakistan has witnessed various trends of militancy from intolerance to
extremism, radicalization and violence. The coordination of al Qaeda with the Taliban and the induction of sectarian extremist groups into this have
proved to be a deadly mix and have given a complicated tilt to the militancy issue.
The increasing sectarian violence and militancy in Pakistan has converted a tolerant society into an increasingly intolerant society. The need for
embracing diversity and pluralism has been felt to avoid straining the social fabric irreparably. Sectarian militancy and extremism has not only created
disharmony in the society and is acting as repellent from Islam for followers as well as disbelievers but is also a threat to internal security.
SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF STUDY ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After 9/11 and joining Pakistan the war on terror, there has been a significant deterioration in the security situation in Pakistan . The term militant
can be described as followers of group or religion or a party who aggressively and violently promote an idea in the name of a movement (and many a
times have an extreme approach to solution for their goal). The various movements that seek to apply militancy as a solution, or who use militancy to
rationalize their solutions for issues in the modern world, seldom share common tactics. Militant groups may use force or violence directly, either to
defend themselves or otherwise and have justifications for the use of force using the ideological expression of their particular

West Pakistan Genocide
"Kill three million of them, and the rest will eat out of our hands" (qtd. in Hensher). In keeping with this declaration of General Yahya Khan, West
Pakistani soldiers began a campaign in 1971 to torture and kill millions of Bengalis and Hindus in East Pakistan. West Pakistan had significant concerns
regarding the unrest of the independence movement in East Pakistan, and had decided to halt the protests by force. After the first attacks at Dhaka
University on the night of March 25, 1971, until the surrender of Pakistani forces to the Indian military on December 16, West Pakistan succeeded in
their plan to inflict extreme suffering on the Bengali ethnicity. The East Pakistan genocide of 1971 involving West and East Pakistan was a result of the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of brutally exterminating nearly three million people, West Pakistan should have sought non–violent negotiations to defuse the tense situation
in East Pakistan. Also, outside powers such as the US could have discontinued their support of West Pakistan and condemned the horrific events in East
Pakistan to discourage the perpetrators of the genocide. In the future, international cooperation and diplomacy must be implemented to prevent the
extreme suffering of millions of people and halt the causes of genocide before murder and military intervention are necessary. Currently, one particular
conflict strongly resembles the East Pakistan genocide, namely the war in Syria. The civil war in Syria has caused 60,000 deaths, mostly rebel
soldiers and Sunni civilians, as the oppressive government of Bashar al–Assad continues to halt uprisings and murder citizens (Genocide Watch). In
order to stop further suffering, determined international negotiations and increased understanding between religious groups will be necessary.
Situations such as the events in Syria often begin with events in which a group of people are viewed as inferior and unworthy of living. In the East
Pakistan genocide, these events were evident through the statements of the main perpetrators such as Yahya Khan, as they portrayed the Bengalis as
lesser beings and unworthy of living. In order to prevent senseless suffering and the countless loss of lives in the future, and also to ensure a
successful and harmonious society, individuals must accept the differences of others, and regard all people as equally deserving of a fulfilling

Pakistan, India and The Disputed Region of Kashmir Essay
Any country's foreign policy is determined by myriad factors that includes geographical position, relations with other countries, domestic and
international affairs and along strategic dimensions. Pakistan is no other exception to this; now this thought paper will discuss what sort of flaws are
there is Pakistan's foreign policy regarding the undisputed territory: Kashmir. The long conflict ravaged part which has caused several wars between
India and Pakistan.
Pakistan, ever since its inception, has been proclaiming a right on the territory of Kashmir. Indeed Jinnah argued that "the new nation would be
incomplete without Kashmir...and the 'K' in Pakistan stood for Kashmir," While we hear Pakistan's commitment to help the poor Kashmirs,... Show
India did intensify its firings on the villages of Kashmir by justifying how it was trying to prevent Pakistan trained militants from taking over Kashmir
and entering its territory. Pakistan claims Kashmir to be part of its territory but the fact that the Kashmiri militants are seen as extremists and rebels are
putting the Kashmiri cause behind the scene since the international community has been projected with the image that the Kashmiri Movement is
dangerous and needs to be smothered, thus the peaceful image of the innocent Kashmiri people being slaughtered in cold blood with their struggle for
freedom has been projected in a more violent, vile way and has little sympathy from the International front. Jonah Blank puts it into simple words as to
what the two nations view regarding Kashmir: "Politicians in both capitals see only the Kashmir they desire to see: for Pakistanis, a Muslim land
pining to join its Islamic neighbor and welcoming the intervention of mujahideen; for Indians, a state ravaged by terrorism and sedition but now largely
brought under control. Both visions are clouded by self–delusion."
The Kashmir

The Abdul Hamid Kh A Leader And The Mass Movement Of East...
Heading, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan was a politician Popularly known as Maulana. Bhasan one of India 's grassroots binsasataki British politicians
and the mass movement of the hero, who in 1947 made life in Pakistan and Bangladesh, established in 1971, has played an important role in politics.
The people 'tribune of the oppressed ' is popularly known as. 1954 AD is one of the main leaders of the United Front constituents. Played a prominent
role in the establishment of an independent Bangladesh. Most of the time, as well as leftist political life he was involved in politics Communist
maopanthi. So many of his followers, the "red Maulana" call. He was a visionary leader and was assured that the decade of the fifties, Bangladesh and
Pakistan as part of a paralyzed state. AD 1957 conference kagamari western rulers of Pakistan 'oyalakumusasalama as the first separation of East
Pakistan played a historic bell.
B
he was born in 1880 in Sirajganj district. His father, Haji Sharafat Ali Khan. He also studied a few years in the local school and madrasa had no
formal education. He began his career as a primary school teacher at Kagmari in Tangail. He worked in a madrasa at village Kala Haluaghat
Mymensingh district. His political ideal was socialism. His political influence on Islamic socialism and his strategies of political solidarity. . He has
passionately embraced the ideology of communism, the struggle for life, for the oppressed and abused people who had dedicated his life,

Failure Of Pakistan As An Effective Ally Of North Atlantic...
This essay aims to explain the failure of Pakistan as an effective ally of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the fight against the Taliban/ Al
Qaeda. This essay is broken into three parts in order to better understand the fight against the Taliban/ Al Qaeda. In the first part, we look at the
formation of the Taliban/ Al Qaeda in the region followed by its relationship with Pakistan and finally the post 9/11 situations in the region. It also looks
to study the Pakistan – United States and Pakistan – India relationship.
As mentioned by Riedel (2008, pp 32–36), the jihadist terrorist movement gained momentum during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the
1980's. During this period, Pakistan was a key to victory in overcoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wander (2008) provides a very good historical timeline of Al Qaeda in his article, in this we are able to trace the formation of Al Qaeda to the year
1988 when they immediately carried out their first terrorist act Aden in December 1992 followed by the United States in February 1993.
With the help of Pakistan, the Taliban were successful in gaining control of a majority of Afghanistan though the Taliban proved to be a difficult
ally for Pakistan as they continued providing a safe haven for Islamist radicals including Al Qaeda. In the wake of 9/11, Pakistan was coerced by
the Bush administration to pick either the U.S. or Taliban. To which Pakistan formally pledged alliance to the U.S. though this was not driven by a
change of stand on Taliban but rather on the believe that if Pakistan failed to stand by the U.S. then it would push to U.S. to seek closer relations with
India which Pakistan feels to be a threat to its fight in Kashmir (Katz n.d.). In an article by D'Souza (2006, pp.528) notes how Pakistan went from one
of the three countries that recognised Taliban leadership in Afghanistan to a complete reversal post 9/11. Though the Taliban had taken over
Afghanistan, their rule was short lived due to Al Qaeda aggression in the U.S., this had turned Pakistan plans of having Afghanistan as a safe heaven
ruined.
Pakistan is a unique in the way that it is not only a

Afghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear...
Afghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR
and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into another conflict. This time it was the West led by
the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in driving out Russia from Afghanistan.
The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of Asia and tri junction of three strategic regions, and its trade route
linking and branching out to Central, West and South Asia has earned an attractive spot in the eyes of the world powers. This prompted Amir Abdur
Rehman to remark, "Afghanistan is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning United States was very suspicious of the success of Afghan Mujahideen but in order to make the Soviets suffer as much as possible, it
decided to support them at a later stage. Pakistan was an equal partner in the Mujahideen's war against USSR, from hosting around four million Afghan
refugees to provision of training and military support.
The Geneva Accord of 1988 paved the way for withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. That turned out to be the only significant achievement of
the Accord. The peace in Afghanistan was still very doubtful. The most important tasks such as the reconstruction of a war–ravaged country,
establishment of a new political system and the return of refugees from the neighbouring countries were left unattended. Afghanistan was left on its
own to resurrect from the ashes. With the victory within their reach, the Afghan Mujahideen were caught unprepared to take the leadership of the
country. The fall of last Soviet–backed government in Kabul, instead of heralding peace, brought about another war. Old political, social and ethnic
divisions surfaced and infighting amongst various groups erupted. The freedom fighters and Mujahideen of yesterday became war lords. And finally an
altogether new force emerged on the political map of Afghanistan which became known to the world as Taliban.
The Taliban infused with chaos and tyranny of

Why Pakistan Matters? Pakistan Essay
Why Pakistan Matters?
Pakistan matters because this country is the corridor between the Eastern Asia and the Middle East. It is one of the seven declared nuclear weapon
states with one of the largest armies in the world. Pakistan is important because it has been part of five declared wars in the past sixty years with its
neighboring country, India. The country is also at war with few of the most dangerous terrorist groups in the world like Al–Qaeda, Taliban, etc. It is
one of the main allies of the United States and United Kingdom. Pakistan is one of the most complex democracies of the world. Its different ethnicities,
languages and regions make it one of the most diverse nations in the world. The country was founded on the Westminster model, but the government
has been overthrown by military leaders three times since Pakistan's creation. That makes it function differently from Britain. Many dismissed the
Pakistani economy for years because of its poor frugality and government functionality. It has constantly faced a rapid economic fall in the past few
years, forcing the world to pay attention.
1600 BC, the Harappan culture thrived in the southern part of

Status of Women in Society
Status of women in society
As a woman I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman, my country is the whole world." Virginia Woolf
God has created every thing in pair. He has blessed man with physical erudite and women with the spirutal power. Which make women more
emotionally strong caring loving and whizz full person. One must not forget that every legend is once a student of mother as Napoleon said
"Give me strong mothers and I will give you unbeatable army".
All over the world, women have played significant roles in their countries' development. They have contributed to the economic growth of ... Show
At the same time, middle– and upper–class women were increasingly confined to the home with little to do except to take care of their children. Their
husbands no longer worked inside the house, but were absent during most of the day. These idle women often played the role of frail, sensitive
creatures who had "the vapours" and fainted in any "indelicate" situation. On the other hand, many of them also became critical of their position in
society. They found time to devote themselves to various religious and moral causes and even to become interested in abolition and the women's rights
movement. Eventually, both working–class and bourgeois women insisted on change and contributed to the success of feminism. This success still is
not total, and, as we all know, even in the industrialized countries women continue to fight for equal rights. Today, however, in addition to economic
issues, problems of sexual self–determination have come to the foreground.
It must be remembered, of course, that the relatively liberated and affluent women of Europe and North America are only a small minority of women
in the world today. Women in many non–Western countries, and especially in the so–called Third World generally live in a state of subjection and
misery. Most of their energy is consumed by a hard and unrelenting struggle for sheer survival. Thus, for them, any talk about "sexual liberation" in the
Western sense

India And Pakist An Ideal Comparative Pair Essay
In 1947, India and Pakistan became newly independent states, leaving behind British colonial rule. Due to the shared geographical location,
background and culture between these nations, these two countries have often been compared against each other. However, since earning
independence, India and Pakistan have undergone significantly different political trajectories. This paper will explore various factors that have
impacted the nation–building of these countries and understand why India has been successful in practicing democracy, while Pakistan has been
afflicted with military and autocratic governments. India and Pakistan share cultures and histories yet have stark differences in political regime type,
making an ideal comparative pair for inquiry.
Historical Narrative
Oldenburg describes India and Pakistan as "fraternal twins" due to their shared levels of extreme poverty and extreme inequality in 1947. However,
the struggle to be free of British rule was distinct which set a vital precedent for the subsequent regimes of Pakistan and India. The British withdrawal
was hasty due to their realization they could no longer afford to hold on to its over–extended empire. One of the main reasons for the creation of a
separate Muslim nation in the Indian subcontinent was due to the conflicting religious views of Hindus and Muslims. These issues had existed prior to
British colonial rule, however the differences were exacerbated by British policy. Britain as a colonizer, followed

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