Florence Was The Birthplace Of The Italian Renaissance

Florence Was The Birthplace Of The Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance was a period in history unlike most others; this was an era of ingenuity,
expansion, and enlightenment that would revolutionize both society as the people of the
Renaissance knew it to be, and as the future generations of individuals across the globe understand
it today. Florence held itself out to be the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, yet the people of this
renaissance era never lost sight of the Greek and Roman heritage. The following essay will discuss
the varying ways in which Florence was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, and will provide
the reader with examples that demonstrate Greco–Roman ideas and practices in the Italian
Renaissance. One of the most obvious examples in which Greco Roman culture was displayed in the
era of the Italian Renaissance was through the works of art; and more specifically the medium of
sculpture. Take for example, the piece by Donatello, Saint Mark, this piece harkens back to the
artwork of the Greek culture by having the character whom is sculpted to be positioned in the
contrappasto style, where the audience may view "the drapery covering his body beneath,
particularly his left knee as it projects forward... He is, in other words, a fully realized human form";
this technique was predominantly used by Greek artists, and was relatively abandoned by all other
artists after the fall of the Greek empire to the Romans (Sayre, 2015). Yet, the artists of the Italian
Renaissance saw the beauty and value of
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How Did Florence Contribute To The Renaissance
Italian city–states were small independent cities between the 9th and 15th century that gradually
grew overtime. Important cities such as Florence, Genoa and Venice contributed to the Renaissance.
However, Florence was one of the most significant of them all. During this period, money from
wealthy groups such as the Medici family, was used to support famous artists who made this city
important as it is. It was to be said that Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance, in other
words the start of a whole new dimension full of new ideas.
Leadership played an important role to help Florence gain importance. During the 15th to 18th
century, the Medici family was a major influence to Florence even though they were an uncrowned
monarch. The

Brunelleschi In Florence
What was the motivation that led to the discovery?
At the beginning of the 15th century, the leaders of the city of Florence decided that it was time for
them to solve a problem that they had been putting aside for decades. It was time for them to fill the
hole in their massive cathedral, Santa Maria del Fiore. The building of this cathedral began in 1296
but it wasn't until 1418 when they started looking for the right architect for the job to build the
dome. They just didn't know how it could be done. Many architects came from all around Florence
to present their ideas. Filippo Brunelleschi's design ultimately won. Brunelleschi worked as a
goldsmith apprentice as a boy and mastered many other aspects of art. He had just spent several
years

Florence, Italy And Italy
"Florence, Italy is located in the Tuscany section of Italy with an area of thirty–nine square miles. In
2006, there were 366,488 people residing within Florence 's city limits, while the Metropolitan Area
of Florence, Prato, and Pistoia, was home to about 1.5 million people. In the five years between
2002 and 2007, the population of Florence grew by 3.22 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by
3.56 percent. As of 2006, 90.45 percent of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group,
which came from other European countries (mostly from Albania and Romania), constituted 3.52
percent, East Asia (mostly Han Chinese and Filipino made up 2.17 percent, the Americas 1.41
percent, and North Africa] (mostly Moroccan) 0.9 percent. Florentine (Fiorentino), spoken by
inhabitants of Florence and its environs, is a Tuscan dialect and an immediate parent language to
modern Italian." Italy is one of the stronger nations in Europe. It is a boot–shaped peninsula on the
southern corner of Europe and is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy also controls the two
large islands Sicily and Sardinia. The concept of a unified Italy is one that has come to blossom in
recent years. The state of Italy was first organized as a constitutional monarchy under King Victor
Emmanuel II in 1861, and Rome joining in 1870. In 1922, the Fascist party led Mussolini, began to
take control over the country Italy, eventually leading to a tremendous defeat in World War II. The
modern Italian

Florence, Italy, The Birthplace Of The Renaissance
Florence, Italy is often referred to as the "birthplace of the Renaissance" because many early artists
and writers in this period emerged from this city as well as the northern hills of Italy. Florence
became a center for trade, with its most wealthy merchants selling wool. This source of income
provided the rebirth of the city such as the building of large cathedrals, gilded mansions, and
beautiful villas. During most of the Renaissance the Medici family controlled Florence, and through
their political power encouraged the arts and the upcoming developments of the city. The most
influential figure in the Italian court towards the evolution of the ballet de cour was Catherine
Medici. While she held her title as the Queen Mother to her sons, she made sure that Italian
pageants were a part of the French court and included daily dance classes as a requirement of the
courtesans. "At this time there was great conflict between the Catholics and the Huguenots (French
Protestants). Catherine tried to bring peace between the two factions, but neither side wanted
anything but complete victory." Catherine used dance as a way to bring harmony to disagreements,
especially between religious groups, and to help bring both of the royal courts together.
The Moresca is a style of dance that has been documented as early as the twelfth century, and began
to flourish during the Renaissance when the Medici family was in power. The dance is meant to be
performed by all types of people, and

Florence Nightingale
Introduction A human service is a non–profit organization or effort that renders the services for
human needs. We should believe that human services is the greatest gift for anyone else and even
too your own self satisfaction. This profession offers the assistance needed to manage with primary
and social human needs. It is the person's own will that raise him to pay services for human welfare
and help needy people for their survival. Under the human service profession, Florence Nightingale
is the most famous in its history. She is a great statistician and social reformer, and the initiator of
contemporary nursing. Florence Nightingale came into prominence, when she served with her team
in the history event of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the death rates were getting high in most of the highest hospitals of the regions. At the
time of her first winter at Scutari, there were 4,077 soldiers died, in which most of the soldiers died
from sicknesses like dysentery, cholera, typhoid, and typhus, instead of wounds got by battle. In
March 1855, Sanitary Commission had to be sent out by the British government to Scutari, by
watching lack of ventilation and overloading defective sewers. This step was taken after the six
months of Florence arrival. This commission improved ventilation and flushed out the sewers.
Undoubtedly, the death rates greatly declined but she never claimed hygiene as a cause of death and
the reason to reduce the rate of death. After the arrival to Britain, Florence started gathering
evidences before the health of Army. Florence also believed that many of the soldiers were kill by
poor living conditions at the hospital. This drastic experience becomes the reason of great influence
throughout her career.
Conclusion The whole historical study of Florence Nightingale is the tremendous example for
learning about human service profession. It reflects how a lady takes different initiatives and wanted
to go in the depth of the cause. She still conceived that the reason of death rate was due to worst and
poor nutrition, overworking or soldiers and lack of supplements.
References

The Early Renaissance Art in Florence
The early Renaissance art in Florence focused on an elaborate, Gothic style of painting; very formal
and traditional, yet there was always something that seemed to be lacking. Perspective and depth
were two very important qualities in painting, yet up until the time of young Masaccio, (born
Tommaso Guidi), paintings were beautiful, but seemed to just be art that hung on the wall. In
Masaccio's work, "rather than recede in space, the figures seem to come forward" (Cole 120). He
may not have known it at the time, but his style of painting would influence many painters well after
his death; Donatello, Michelangelo, and so on. Masaccio may have only painted for a total of 8
years, but during those 8 years he revolutionized not only the ... Show more content on
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It has undergone many repairs, and has been to many places, so it can sometimes be hard to really
see past all of the new and really see what Masaccio created. Yet, really looking past what has been
changed, a viewer can really see Masaccio's talent: "Masaccio's perspective design of the vault was
created within the surface geometry. The foreshortened pattern of coffers could be calculated using
simple geometry" (Polzer 1). Masaccio was not just an artist, but also used basic math and geometry
skills to really create that realism in his works. This shows that he was also very intellectual as well
as creative, and became part of another era of painting that used skills such as geometry, and not just
creativity, in creating art. The Holy Trinity truly creates the illusion of Christ being crucified right in
that archway, and that the viewers could just walk right in and become a part of the painting. As
James Ackerman says, "the magnificent vault arching over the austere figures in Masaccio's fresco
[is] an utterly convincing illusion of architectural form extending into space" (Achkerman 171). In
this piece, Masaccio's use of vanishing points and linear perspective draw the spectator's eye to the
center of the painting, right below the

Florence Nightingale Research Paper
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820. She came from a family which
belonged to affluent social elite circles. By the time she was 16 years old, it was clear to her that
nursing was her mission, it was her divine purpose. However, when Florence expressed her desire to
her parents, they were not satisfied. They actually forbade her to pursue nursing. Someone of
Florence's "social stature was expected to marry a man of means, not take up a job that was viewed
as lowly menial labor by the upper social classes." (Bio., 2014) At the age of 17, Florence declined
the proposal of a "suitable gentleman" saying that while he stimulated her intellectually and
romantically, her "moral...active nature...requires satisfaction, ... Show more content on
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(Bio., 2014) This book lead to a transformation of the War Office's administrative department. The
British Government awarded Nightingale with a prize of $250,000 of which she decided to use to
fund the establishment of St. Thomas' Hospital and inside of the hospital was the Nightingale
Training School for Nurses. Nightingale became a figure of public admiration. Many were
enthusiastic to follow her example, even those who were in wealthy upper class. Thanks to
Nightingale, nursing was no longer frowned upon by the upper classes. Nursing had, in fact, come
to be viewed as an honorable

Florence Research Paper
There are numerous arts and architecture that celebrate the medieval and the Renaissance history of
Florence. Florence has a past not known to many, you could say it's the untold history that dates
back to the Roman empire. Before the Medici's rise to power, the books of Machiavelli and Dante,
and the David's sculpted by Michelangelo and Donatello Florence was a Roman republic. Their
influence on the city is overlooked and forgotten in books. The intention of this research paper is to
shed some light on that forgotten past, to uncover the traces of Roman empire in Florence and the
thrilling stories of some of the games in the Colosseum.
To understand the background of Florence, it is essential to explore how the city got its name.As the
famous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ancient basilica was located directly in front of the baptistry eight meters closer to the present
cathedral ("Crypt Of Santa Reparata" 1). The foundation of the basilica is believed to the vow of
King of the Goths in thanks for the victory over King Radgaisus in around 405 AD ("Crypt Of Santa
Reparata" 2). The basilica was rebuilt in Carolingian times after being damaged in the wars between
the Goths and Byzantium (2).The basilica had three aisles with colonnades that separated the central
nave from the sides, and an enclosure separating the apsidal choir from the public worshiping area,
with an extension down the nave a communion serving area. The floor of the Santa Reparata is
covered with polychrome mosaic with geometrical decorations

Florence and the David Statues
The city of Florence has gone through many invaders, illnesses and many other deaths not related to
the battlefield. They had survived it all they believed that they had God on their side and have
always come out on top, much like the biblical story of David in battle against Goliath. This
influenced Florence to take on David as their symbol and used it to portray the success of Florence.
Many artists have created sculptures portraying works of David. It has been depicting it in so many
different manners, that there is at least one surviving example from each major art periods. Although
there are many we will only be focusing on two works of David. First is Donatello's classically
inspired youthful boy depiction of David, and the second is Bernini's heroic warrior. The Medici
family was the most powerful political family of Florence. They saw themselves as being the reason
for Florence's supremacy and wanted to used Florence's symbol of David as their own. The Medici
were aware of Donatello's earlier sculpture of David in Florence's town hall and commissioned
Donatello to create them their own sculpture of David. Donatello's bronze sculpture of David
possesses both the relaxed contrapposto and the nude beauty of the Classical period and the style of
the Greeks. He was the first Renaissance sculptor to portray nude male figure. "In the Middle Ages,
the clergy regarded nude statues as both indecent and idolatrous, and nudity in general appeared
only rarely in art"

Florence Nightingale Research Paper
On May 12, 1820 Florence Nightingale was born into a wealthy family located in Florence, Italy. In
her family it was frowned upon to work outside the home, but as she grew up she often helped the
poor and ill in her village. In Spring of 1844 Florence eventually came to conclusion that being a
nurse was her God–given calling. Most people today would call becoming a nurse as a good goal,
but back then it was the idea was considered impossible. The hospitals were a place where people
avoided and it was dark and dirty. Florence wanted to change that all. If Florence wanted to be a
nurse that meant she had to work very hard on top of the fact there had been no such thing as a
female nurse before. She broached up the idea of becoming a nurse

Slide 1: The Early Years * Known for her contributions to the nursing and mathematical fields as
well as an important link in English feminism in the early 1850s while struggling with her self–
definition and the expectations of an upper–class marital and family life. * Born May 12th 1820 into
a wealthy upper middle–class family in Florence Italy, she was named after the city in which she
was born. * As a child, Florence was very close to her anti–slavery lobbyist father. Being the
youngest of two girls, and having no son, her father treated her as his friend and companion. Her
father, William Nightingale, a wealthy English landowner, took responsibility for her education and
personally taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Crimean War (Blue Slide) * Most of the conflict in the Crimean War occurred on the Crimean
Peninsula, which lies on the southern tip of the Ukraine, and the pro–jects into the Black Sea. The
Crimea was an important military position for the Russians, bc their naval fleet could access the
Mediterranean Sea from the Region. * Britain was not the instigator of the Crimean War. They
followed Emperor Napoleon III of France into it. It was the first war the British fought against a
strong enemy, Russia, since defeating the French at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Because the
British Army's victories had all been over smaller and poorly equipped armies in Africa and India,
they were ill–prepared for the Crimean conflict. * The temporary quarters en route to the war had
been in a disease–ridden pat of Bulgaria. Soldiers were required to leave their kits behind upon
proceeding to Crimea. The supplies that were lost were not replaced. Soldiers arriving in Crimea
after crossing the black sea where often near death on arrival and many died in the crossing. * The
army then rationed supplies to the soldiers who were required to build fires, prepare and cook their
own food while being ill with multiple diseases. * Nightingale's contribution to army reform was
prompted by the extreme conditions in the British Army's provision of food, shelter, clothing,
blankets and medical supplies for the

Florence Art School Research Paper
Florence requires more advanced education in the arts. I propose that a new academy be constructed
in the city with the purpose of teaching these skills to citizens from across Europe. The main
concern for this academy is the curriculum. First of all, there should be an emphasis on Humanism,
because it's a belief system growing in popularity that has been advancing the arts so far and has
been restoring Roman design elements in all mediums of art, most notably observable in
architecture and perspective. Next, I should specify the materials that will be taught. There will be a
focus in architecture, painting, metalworking, ceramics and sculpture. There will also be a language
requirement, calling for students to learn classical Latin and Greek while at the Academies, allowing
for them to read original Roman and Greek texts. This will allow them to draw inspiration for their
work. As someone who learned the secrets of Architecture by studying Ancient Roman structures
and texts, I can attest to their ingenuity and knowledge, some of which, remains undiscovered. In
addition, I propose that a library be constructed in order for students to have access to original
Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman texts and sources. Finally, some ... Show more content on
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The campus should be located in Florence, as Florence is the cultural hub of modern civilization,
attracting artists, money and travellers. Florence is also pretty central when it comes to European
geography making it a great place to attract foreign students, encouraging student diversity allowing
for a wider variety of artwork. The building should be designed by the students in order to allow
students to practice and perfect their skills as architects and artists like I did with my orphanage in
Florence. This will also allow students to showcase their work and therefore gain popularity and
fame before leaving. As previously mentioned, a vast library should be included on

Colleen Worth Florence Nightingale January 28, 2008
Throughout history, wars have emphasized the need for nurses. During the Crimean War (1854–
1856), the deficiency of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain. Florence
Nightingale played an impressive role in addressing this problem.
Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on May 12, 1820 into a rich, upper class, wealthy and
intellectual family. She believed she was "called by God to help others and to improve the well–
being of mankind." She was determined to become a nurse despite societal restrictions and
opposition from her family. She received three months of training in nursing in Kaiserwerth in 1847.
After studying in Paris with the Sisters of Charity, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She used this money to develop the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which opened in 1860.
Its graduates traveled to other countries to manage hospitals and institute nurse–training programs
(Kozier, 2004).
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as "the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist
him in his recovery" (Kozier, 2004). Nightingale considered a clean, well–ventilated, and quiet
environment essential for recovery. She linked health with five environmental factors: pure or fresh
air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light. She believed that deficiencies in these five
factors produced lack of health or illness. She also stressed the importance of keeping the client
warm, maintaining a noise–free environment, and attending to the client's diet (Kozier, 2004).
Florence Nightingale was considered the pioneer of modern nursing. She sets an example for nurses
everywhere of compassion and commitment to patient care. Throughout her life she continued to
improve health standards. In recognition of her hard work she was awarded the Royal Red Cross in
1883 by Queen Victoria. She received many honors throughout her life including the Order of Merit
in 1907 (Florence Nightingale Museum Trust, 2003).
References
Florence Nightingale Museum Trust. (2003). Florence Nightingale. Article retrieved January 28,
2008, from http://www.florence–nightingale.co.uk/flo2.htm
Hunt, L., Martin, T.,

Florence Nightingale Essay
Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy. Her parents named her after
the city she was born in. She was born on May 12,1980, she was raised mostly in Derbyshire
England. Many people when they hear Florence Nightingale think about her as a nurse and for her
fight for better hospital care. Florence did a lot more in her life than achieve better hospital
conditions, and become a nurse. She was a brilliant mathematician, and used statistics to apply them
to achieve her reforms. Florence was a well–educated woman in a number of fields other than math;
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using her calculations she determined that an improvement in sanitary conditions would lead to a
decrease in deaths. During her time this was the first time a woman had came up with such a
productive theory to reduce the mortality rate. Florence was dedicated to improving the health and
living conditions of the British army, the sanitary and administration of hospitals, and the way
women were looked at if they wanted to pursue a profession in nursing. Florence Nightingale also
raised the educational status of women by opening up the Nightingale School Home for Nurses in
Saint Thomas's Hospital in England. This was the first educational facility dedicated towards
nursing for women. The women of the 19th century didn't usually get an education equal to the
education of a man. Florence's family didn't think that way though. Florence also raised women's
educational status by being educated by her father who gave Florence and her sister a vast classical
education. One person that definitely needs to be mentioned is James Sylvestor, he was Florence's
math tutor. He is the man who is responsible for teaching Florence mathematics that she used in so
many different ways to achieve different

Historical Perspective Of Renaissance Florence
Historiography
The scholars who have documented the history of Florence in the Italian Renaissance observes
Machiavelli in his Florentine Histories (Istorie fiorentine), tending to begin work there. The works
of Machiavelli and Guicciardini have been useful in the studies of Renaissance Florence, through
the direct translation of Latin, giving history from the view of these humanist historians of 15th
century. Other authors have focused on the works of Bruni, Bracciolini and Scala, as in a relatively
modern outlook to the study of Renaissance Florence has seen the difference in perspective of what
occurred in Renaissance Florence leading historians to take a deeper look at these humanist. Authors
looking at the historical perspective of Renaissance Florence tend outline the aspects of the past and
present state of studies in this field of the Renaissance and Renaissance Florence. In recent years,
American scholars have concentrated on the methods and ideas in history rather than the specific
problems of these Florentine information gaps. Historians within the modern study tend to only
focus on the primary sources within the region, rather than try to look outside the area for references
to said events. The tradition study of Florentine historiography tends to only focus questions asked
and answered about Bruni, Bracciolini and Scala. In Dr W 's Book, he states historians tend to ask
certain questions:
What interests and engages the author?; What is the substance of his

Florence Italy Research Paper
In 2008 my husband and I went to Florence, Italy. Prior to going, I did some research about a few
particular sites we should visit and why they were important. Florence has been considered the
birthplace of the Italian Renaissance (Walther, Suckale, Eschenbur, Williams). The key tipping point
of that birth was the creation of IL Duomo that Fillipo Brunelleschi designed. We visited it while we
were there. The structure was massive. It is the largest massonry dome in the world. When I saw the
article options for this assignment I was anxious to learn more about this amazing building.
The problems Brunelleschi faced were immense. First, no one had ever built a dome at this size and
scale. Often, the domes that were built during, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this existing architecture, flaws were built in that Brunelleschi had to work around, such as the
enormous height of the original building and the non linear 8 sided figure he was supposed to build
it on top of.
Third, since a structure of this magnitude and height had never been successfully attempted in
Europe, he had to invent a wide array of tools, cranes, and platforms just to build the dome itself.
Fourth, gravity fought him every step of the way. It wanted to pull the dome down which caused
him to work with exacting specifications to keep it up. He had to create a design that fought the
gravitational pull to the earth.
Fifth, though he was a genius, Brunelleschi was not an architect, he was a gold–smith and
watchmaker (Mueller).
With these hurdles in mind, he had some big problems to overcome. Previously, he had gone
throughout Italy studying architecture, sculpture and art. He understood mechanics and
mathematics, from being a watchmaker, that gave him the scientific frame of mind to call upon all
of his other disciplines in order to understand how to overcome the problems he faced. According to
Tom Mueller, who wrote "Brunelleschi's Dome" for National Geographic, he "apply(ed) his
theoretical and mechanical knowledge to observation of the natural world, he single–handedly
worked out the rules of linear

Florence : The Birthplace Of The Renaissance
Florence, The Birthplace of the Renaissance
In Europe, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, much of the continent fell into a cultural
recession. For many centuries science, mathematics and the arts were extremely stagnant. Beginning
in the mid 14th century, the Italian Peninsula began to undergo a transformation evident in the
works of artists, writers and scholars. This era is known as the Renaissance and was a revival of the
classical world following the appropriately named Dark Ages. Renaissance thinkers became known
as humanists, interested in learning about religious and non–religious studies and celebrated worldly
achievements. Florence, Italy was the center for many of the advancements that took place during
this time period and was the birthplace of many of the Renaissance individuals we know today. The
economic, political and artistic influences of the Medici family, combined with it's ideal
geographical location for trade, made Florence emerge as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
The Medici Family was an extremely wealthy family who played a key role in developing
Florence's political system. They controlled much of Florence throughout the Renaissance and
supported the growth of the arts within the city. Giovanni de Medici began in the banking business
and by 1397 he was the banker of the Papal Court. (p.338 Crowley, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee.
Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. 3rd ed., Pearson, 2004.) Centrally located in
Florence, Giovanni and

The Dome Of Florence : The Influence Of The Renaissance
The movement that was called the Renaissance is defined and represented as the cultural rebirth that
occurred in Europe from around 1300 – 1700 A.c.. This period was based on the rediscovery of the
literature, and culture of and from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. In this time period,
architecture and art flourished extremely. This was because and due to the fact that patrons of art
wanted to display their wealth to and around the World. This would prove their worth. Some artisans
that grew and thrived in the Renaissance were Michelangelo, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Albrecht
Dürer, Raffaello Sanzio, Leonardo da Vinci, Filippo Brunelleschi, and so many other skilled artists.
Filippo Brunelleschi, one of these skilled artists, built a revolutionary dome during the Renaissance;
the unique structure was called the Dome of Florence. Although, this dome was not like any other
building that would be made during this time, for domes were considered impossible to create. In
fact, no one in that time period had ever thought of building a dome shaped building. The idea to
build a dome came from the Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece period; structures like this were very
common in that time period. This dome was built through advanced technique and agriculture. It
brought many people together as the unique structure was built, for they wanted to watch the
construction of the dome and a big advancement for the future.
The idea of this dome was that it could hold it's shape without

Influence Of Florence
How did florence gain leadership of Renaissance?
The Renaissance (Rebirth) declined throughout most of the Europe. The renaissance is an Italian
idea, and the Italian Renaissance generally covers the periods from the beginning of the 14th
century to the end of the 16th century. And florence is the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance.
The artistic and economic changes that are associated with the Renaissance, first began in the
Florence. Trade, crusades and the expansion of commerce in city states (11th and 12th centuries
)helped florence a lot in economy. Geography also made florence a model of Renaissance culture
because it was central Italy, agriculture thrived in tuscany and Lombardy and Florence conquered
Pisa in 1406 (access to sea , expansion of trade)
Medici Family (Ruler of florence during renaissance) Florence was a major financial Centre for
around 60 years and was dominated by the Medici family. The Medici family were wool merchants
and bankers and they became patrons of art and lie at the heart of the ... Show more content on
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They studied the writings and works of the Greeks and the Romans and realized that earlier
civilizations had lived differently. This new way of thinking was called Humanism. The defining
concept of the Renaissance was humanism and was the philosophical backbone of the Renaissance
.Humanism became quite popular during the Renaissance. The Humanists also had a great effect on
education. They supported studying grammar, poetry, and history, as well as mathematics,
astronomy, and music. Humanism relied on flexible thinking and being open to all of the
possibilities of life and less concerned with the thinking of the past. The Florentine people were very
proud of their form of government in the early 15th century. A place that respects the opinions of
individuals, and individualism was an important part of the Humanism that thrived in Florence in
the 15th

Donatello's David: Florence Italian Renaissance
One of the very first example of David used as a sculpture is seen in Florence Italian Renaissance.
The sculptor, Donatello, was the very first artist who created David as a statuary, freestanding nude
male figure. Donatello's work of David took about twenty years to complete, from 1440–1460. In
his work, Donatello casted David in bronze, and it is displayed in the courtyard of the Medici Palace
in Florence. In the middle ages, nude statues represent "both indecent and idolatrous, in general,
appeared only rarely in art –– and then only in biblical or moralizing context; for example, the story
of Adam and Eve" (Kleiner 456). Donatello portrays David not as a Greco–Roman God, hero, or
athlete. Instead, he portrays David as a youthful biblical slayer of Goliath, which is the symbol of
Florence Republic. David represents the Medici identifying themselves with Florence or at least,
they are responsible for Florence's prosperity and freedom. "Donatello's David possesses both the
relaxed classical contrapposto stance and the proportion and sensuous beauty of the gods of
Praxiteles, a famous Greek sculptor" (Kleiner 456). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Verrocchio's David contrasts strongly in its narrative realism with the quiet classicism of
Donatello's David" (Kleiner 457). Verrocchio portrays David as a youthful hero in a leather doublet,
rather than in nudity, who stands with pride. Verrocchio's David is also much more detailed with
adolescent musculature compared to Donatello's David. Verrocchio's David was eventually sold to
the Florentine

Florence Nightingale Contributions
Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy. She was an outstanding nurse
and inspired many women to become nurses. She established her own school in 1860 for nurses
called the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at the St. Thomas Hospital in London, England.
Nightingale was the first woman to ever to be awarded the Order of Merit in 1907 and the Freedom
of the City award in 1909. She is credited with inventing the pie chart. Florence Nightingale was the
first woman to be elected into the Royal Statistical Society. She is known by many as the "Lady
with the Lamp" and the philosopher for modern nursing. International Nurses Day is celebrated on
May 12, Nightingale's birthday, in honor of her accomplishments.
Florence Nightingale was named after the city in which she was born. She had only one sibling, an
older sister named Parthenope. The Nightingale family was a part of a British elite social circle.
They were very wealthy and had two comfortable estates, one in Derbyshire and another in
Hampshire, both located in England. Nightingale's father was very invested in her education, and by
an early age she could already read and write in French, German, Greek, Italian, and Latin. At
sixteen, Florence felt a calling from God to decrease human suffering. Even though her mother was
from a family of merchants who were very social, Florence Nightingale was very awkward in social
situations. She wanted to start a career in nursing, but her family did not

Giralamo Savonarola and the Development of the...
THESIS STATEMENT
The moral fanatic and religious fundamentalist, Giralamo Savonarola, inhibited the development of
the Renaissance in Florence and brought the city back into the Middle Ages.
PURPOSE STATEMENT
Through scholarly research of Florentine politics and daily life during the rule of the Medici, it is
affirmed that Giralamo Savonarola used religion and fear to inhibit the progression of the
Renaissance in Florence.
INTRODUCTION
Religion provides hope for those who are hopeless. It aims to welcome those who are alienated and
feel that their life has no purpose. Religion served the same function in the Middle Ages and
Renaissance as it does today. However, religion was embraced more during the Middle Ages by
desperate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lorenzo and his humanist circle had a great influence on artist in patronized including Botticelli.
During the Middle Ages, the church commissioned most of the art being produced which limited the
subject matter and censorship. Now, however, the Medici were the chief patrons using art as a
political declaration rather than a religious idea. Commissioned by the Medici, Donatello's David
was the first free–standing nude sculpture completed since antiquity (Gilmore 83). The work
symbolized the shift of the arts from the church to the political forum. As art and learning thrived,
morals and grace declined in the eyes of the church. Many religious traditionalist viewed Florence
as an evil and godless city. These fundamentalists eagerly waited for a great reformed to restore
Florence to a religious city.
PREACHER AND REFORMER Giralamo Savonarola was born in Ferrara in 1452. He was brought
to Florence by Lorenzo after Pico della Mirandola encouraged him to bring Savonarola to the city.
In Ferrara, Savonarola was a traditionalist and a moralist and renowned as a preacher and a prophet.
Upon his arrival, Savonarola did not intend on reforming the city and returning it to a religious
centered state. Yet, after witnessing the atrocities of Florence, he became a reformer and an
outspoken enemy of the Medici family. Savonarola believed with a passionate conviction that God
ruled the world and he personally felt responsible to turn people away from sin towards God.

Florence Nightingale Accomplishments
In a time that was economically and socially dominated by men, Florence Nightingale was a female
that overcame many obstacles and persevered to become a world renowned social reformer and the
founder of modern nursing. By examining Nightingales life, it is easy to see how she dramatically
redesigned the medical administration of Europe and became the face of modern nursing. This paper
will examine Nightingales major achievements, the influence she had in the 19th century, ability to
conform contemporary ideas, and finally how her accomplishments proved to be revolutionary
within Europe and the world. Born into a wealthy family on May 12, 1820, she knew from an early
age that she wanted to do enter into the medical field of work. Florence experienced many
difficulties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With her families' approval, Florence became the superintendent of a nursing home in Harley Street.
The break out of the Crimean War and the Battle of Alma, led to the complete breakdown of
medical arrangements in the hospitals in Scutari. Due to some luck and good timing Florence had
the opportunity, along with 37 other nurses, to travel to Scutari and assist in the hospitals. In 1855,
by the end of her stay in Scutari, she had completely transformed the system in which the hospitals
ran (Strachey, 114). By reorganizing the food, laundry, clothing systems, changing the overall
hygiene and ventilation of the hospitals and fixing administrative issues, the hospitals now ran
smoothly and mortality was down from 42% to 22% (Strachey, 120). Nightingales' work did not go
unnoticed, as she returned home to a letter from the Queen and a brooch designed by the Prince
Consort. As the years went on, Florence's health deteriorated, but that did not halt her work within
the academic and political community. She wrote notes on her own titled: 'Notes affecting the
Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of

My definition of nursing is that of someone who genuinely cares about the well–being of others and
helps heal those who are ill. Nursing is both an art and a science because in order to understand a
patients diagnosis you must know the pathophysiology and basic lab values. The science part of
nursing allows us to make judgments on medication orders doctors prescribe, procedures, and
practices. Art is also apart of nursing because as nurses we must have intuition, compassion, and
warmth towards our patients. It is what allows us to therapeutically communicate with our patients.
A person can have the science part, but not master the art and therefore, that person may be
uncompassionate towards a patient. I have see nurses in clinical settings ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Florence Nightingale was an admirable leader because despite her gender she kept striving for what
she wanted in a world ruled by men. She had determination, honesty, integrity, and respect from her
peers. She fought diligently for women to receive an education and developed renowned ways of
how to prevent and treat illnesses. She made improvements that benefited society, the population
and as well as her peers. She was a leader that put others before herself and wanted equal success
for all. She was committed to her mission and with that she showed that a nurse should have
compassion. This relates to nursing being both an art and a science. She emphasized the need for
empathy, as she believed that being empathetic could also help improve with recovery. Nightingale
took initiative in the work she did and as a leader you need to take action and be proactive. An
important contribution Nightingale made that has impacted our education and also improved the
environment was her hadnwashing theory. She implemented hand hygiene and that helped prevent
infection and illnesses. Florence Nightingale is an example of which nurses should follow. We must
be leaders and take action. Nursing is not just a job, but it is a profession where you protect the
rights of others and at the same time help people in their

The Renaissance : Florence, The Birth Of The Renaissance
Starting the fourteenth century, until the seventh century a period of new ideas spread in Europe,
this period is known as the Renaissance, the word itself means rebirth, or reawakening. This word is
perfect for describing this period as it was the rebirth of art, and culture in Europe, from the dark
ages. This period brought many new changes in the world of art and sciences. Painter such as
Leonardo de Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Donatello, and so many more came out during this
period of time. While art is normally seen during the Renaissance, there were many scientific
breakthroughs during the time that can be seen in the arts during the Renaissance.
The Renaissance started in the city of Florence, The reason for Florence being the birth of the
Renaissance, was because the region of Florence experiencing major changes in social and
economic development. With these changes brought new minds that sparked an interest in the
Roman past. Along with being a major trading city, with many guilds ready to display their wealth.
Making Florence the perfect city to start the beginning of a new era, an age of new ideas, and a
sense of humanism, the Renaissance.
New interest in Roman art, brought in new ideas of technology and science. Some of these new
discovery in the sciences can be seen within varies works of art. With most artist incorporating new
ideas of science within their works, without realizing the effect that it had within the world. These
innovations of science can

Florence Nightingale Essay
Florence Nightingale's Lessons for Global Health Nursing: A Case of the Gambella Region
Introduction In the Gambella region, cholera is a permanent problem. The area is known for
overpopulation and destitute sanitation, which provides an ideal breeding ground for the Vibrio
cholerae bacillus. In 2014, along with the native residents, more than 185,000 South Sudanese
refugees have been vaccinated against cholera. It was Ethiopia's first–ever mass cholera
immunization that also reached South Sudanese refugees. Since then, the Médecins Sans Frontières
(MSF) have provided medical care, water and sanitation services, not just to the Ethiopian people,
but also to the South Sudanese refugees in Pagak and Matar transit centres as well as in Letchuor,
Kule and Tierkidi refugee camps and in Itang (MSF, 2014; Web). The purpose of this paper is to
discuss Florence Nightingale 's ((1820–1910) theories in the context of the MSF cholera
immunization program in Ethiopia's Gambella region, focusing on the links between the issues of
health, water, sanitation, and prevention of communicable diseases. It is argued that the solution to
the contemporary deadly relationships between microbial life, poor water and inadequate sanitation
in developing countries is based on 1) the sound principle of hygiene/sanitation (i.e. environmental
nursing promoted by its heroine Florence Nightingale), and 2) prevention strategies carried by the
communal partnership between various national

The Influence Of Brunelleschi's Dome In Florence
In my studies, I decided to research Brunelleschi's Dome in Florence, Italy, its beginning and
inspiration, and how it was constructed. I was amazed by the building of this structure and how the
idea of such a structure came about. It all started in 1418 when the Florentine Fathers noticed that
their Cathedral had been an open to the sky throughout its existence. They decided to cover this big
hole but had no idea how to do it. They were inspired by the Parthenon and its infrastructure, and
wanted to build a dome to represent their power and spiritual aspiration. They didn't know if their
cathedral could hold the weight of a dome (since the Parthenon was made of concrete), and it it
would have to have major support. None of them knew where to start, so they had a contest to see
who could come up with the best plan and idea to execute ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Brunelleschi was a "hot–head" and knew he was a genius. His pride badly influenced the judge's
impression of him and his plan. The competition grew tedious, but Brunelleschi was persistent and
knew his idea would work. He was known for being a genius, because "As a boy, during his
goldsmith's apprenticeship, he had mastered drawing and painting, wood carving, sculpture in silver
and bronze, stone setting, niello, and enamel work" (Mueller, 2014). With much consent, and much
convincing, the Florentine Fathers gave Brunelleschi a chance to prove his ideas. His plan was this:
He wanted to construct two domes, one within another. This would be done to minimize the
scaffolding and the weight distribution. He would then support the inner dome and with bindings
(much like a wooden barrel has) around using metal, stone and wood. After, to minimize the weight
of the dome, he would then use more porous rock (like volcanic rock) after building for 46 feet. His
plan required no timber scaffolding, and no supports that would be based inside the

Florence : A Burst Of Individualism
In the thirteenth and fourteenth century, the trade between cities in Europe grew to new heights,
which created enormous wealth. The Renaissance occurred through the fourteenth century until the
seventeenth century and said to be "a burst of individualism"(3). The most distinct symbols of the
Renaissance occurred in Florence where trade and banking are directly linked to the success of the
arts during the time period. Many families grew extremely rich and powerful through the trade and
banking. The most well know family was the Medici's, who developed to be the most powerful and
most crucial influences of the Renaissance.
The origin of the Medici bank was in Florence, Italy and its locations was one of the biggest
contributors to the banks success. Florence was accessible by road for trade or along a river, known
as The Arno that connected to the Mediterranean Sea. The cities biggest product that the merchants
traded was cloth. Cloth was the cities main product because the factories were able to use the water
from the river to run their factories. Florence was connected to the cities of Rome and Pisa by river
and roads as well for trade. Both Rome and Pisa are located close to the mouth of The Arno River, a
short travel from the Mediterranean Sea making them large trading ports. In comparison to other
cities, the wealth and trading routes of Florence made it easy for the bank to run their business.
During this time period, the church acted as a form of government and they

Parks, recreation, and management tactics and levels of expectations are constantly adapting with
the ever growing society that we live in. The field of recreation is especially evolving because of its
relation to the medical field. Possibly one of the most influential people in the medical field was
Florence Nightingale. Although the achievements she accomplished in her lifetime may seem small,
they certainly impact how not only recreation functions today, but the entire medical field. Florence
Nightingale was born into a wealthy family in Florence Italy in 1820. During the 19 century the
original role of women shifted due to the Industrial Revolution. Instead of working alongside their
husbands on a farm, they stayed home while their husband went to work in order to watch over the
servants while they completed domestic duties. Nightingale went against all of the norms of society
in order to complete, what she believed to be, her God given calling of nursing. During the time,
nursing was a degrading job that only poor people did. Nightingale went to school, rejected a
marriage proposal, and worried her parents with her life decisions. Because of her dedication to her
studies, she would have been considered a "blue stocking", which had negative implications such as
being unfeminine and having dried up ovaries. Nonetheless, she persisted with her passion, and
during the Crimean War in 1854 Nightingale was asked to gather a team of nurses in order to care
for soldiers.

Medieval Times: Florence And Siena
During the medieval times, Florence and Siena were wealthy cities. This prosperity was shown to
the neighboring towns and citizens through the arts and architectures that ushered in the new
Renaissance era. Florence was a much more popular area, with many large sights to view. Even so,
Siena endured the challenge of not being engulfed in the shadow of Florence by perfecting its' own
charm and splendor. Even though these cities were so close to each other, they did a great job of
getting along while expressing their own individuality.
These cities used their main areas or town halls as the breaking grounds for expressing their new–
found prestigious city state and power. As a result, the importance of learning about art became a
major necessity

Research Paper On Florence In The Renaissance
Florence: Heart of the Renaissance By Yusra Farooq
During the 15th century, Florence was the home of the Renaissance and the birthplace of our
modern western world. You can enjoy much of the greatest art created, during that exciting age,
today like Michelangelo's David or Botticelli's Birth of Venus. There's also Ghiberti's glorious 3D
bronze gates, Fra Angelico's serene beauty of paintings and the Duomo that kicked off the
Renaissance. After the fall of ancient Rome, Europe wallowed in centuries of relative darkness.
There was little learning, commence, or travel. Then, in about 1400, in Florence, there was a
Renaissance. This exciting rebirth of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome swept from Florence
to all across Europe. Artists rediscovered the wonder of nature and the human body. Their art
expressed the optimism and confidence of the new age. The Western civilization made up for lost
centuries with huge gains in science, economics, and art. Florence was the center of it all and for a
good reason; it was where capitalism was replacing feudalism and being the middleman of trade
between west and east, the city had money and it knew what to do with it. Wealthy merchants and
banking families, like the Medici who ruled Florence for generations, commissioned splendid art to
show their civic pride. And Florence unleashed an explosion of innovation by recognizing and
paying creative genius like no one else.
The Renaissance was an age of humanism. A time of confidence,

Florence Nightingale was born May 12th, 1820 named after Florence, Italy, where she was born. At
just one–year old Florence moved to England because her father owned Lea Hurst, a country house,
in Derbyshire and was extremely wealthy. When Florence was five years old, her mother Fanny
convinced her husband to move to Emely Park where the Nightingales would have more
entertainment. Although this made Fanny happy, Florence was miserable with the consistent guests
and chatter. She preferred to be alone with her thoughts. Growing up she was only taught the things
a good wife and mother would need to know, including; music, dance, needlework and art lessons.
In the 1800s women weren't expected to receive an education based on the core subjects, they
learned things that would help them become the best care taker they could be. Since Florence was
considered upper class, it was highly unlikely for her to ever have a job. But as Florence grew older
she became very neat and organized. She enjoyed numbers and placing data into tables. At the age
of eight she taught herself French and always did the right thing because she believed that's what
god wanted. Once Florence turned twelve her father, William Nightingale insisted on her and
Parthenope, her older sister, to be well educated. William taught his two daughters the following
languages; Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and German. Then he had them learn all about history,
philosophy, ethics, composition, the bible, and mathematics.

Florence Italy Research Paper
Florence, Italy has been visited by millions of tourist each year. what is so fascinating about this
city? Florence is known for their Renaissance art and architecture. It is also where the Italian
Renaissance Movement was given birth. This city displays an art museum throughout the city
streets. ("10 Top Tourist Attractions in Florence.") There are many interesting places to visit when
people decide to visit this beautiful city of Florence, Italy.
A beautiful place to visit in Florence is the Palazzo Pitti. "The Palazzo Pitti is a large 15th century
palace situated on the quieter south bank of the Arno river The palace was long the residence of
Florence's rulers until 1919, when it was handed over to the Italian state, which transformed

The Influence Of Brunelleschi Cathedrals In Florence
As a construction management major I thought it was only fitting that I choose this topic.
Interestingly enough, a lot of the question that were asked during the Brunelleschi's time are still
being asked today when it comes to construction.
Finding a solution to build an artistic roof that would fully cover the interior, and keep the outdoor
elements from entering, instead of having a massive whole in their cathedrals was the motivation
that led to Brunelleschi's invention of the dome that is used on a few cathedrals in Florence.
The questions that were asked were how are they going to build a dome that was almost 150 feet
across? How are they going to build this dome and successfully place them from 180 feet from the
ground? Would the weight

Florence Prescription
As a nurse, I have the responsibility to show up at work and care for the patients that are dependent
on my help. In order to do that successfully, I have to be fully committed to not only my patient but
profession as well. Arriving to work on time, advocating for my patients, and making the correct
choices when faced with ethical dilemmas are a few ways I can display commitment.
The second is initiative. Florence is a prime example of why this is so important. When she knew
conditions weren't safe for soldiers during the Crimean War, Florence took the initiative to change
the situation. Despite the much negativity against her, she continued her work until conditions were
changed. As a nurse, I will voice my opinion when things need ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They always found being engaged within a workplace fosters confidence and in the case of this
group of graduates, a growing independence (McKenna & Newton, 2009). When a participant
Louise was asked how 'belonging' made her feel, she replied, "You know what's going on. You're
aware of it. You're not afraid to jump in, you just do it."
References
McKenna, L., & Newton, J. M. (2009). After the graduate year: a phenomenological exploration of
how new nurses develop their knowledge and skill over the first 18 months following graduation.
Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25. Retrieved from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxymu.wrlc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=57a243af–c0d3–
4f81–addf–041456493db3%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4206
Tye, J., & Schwab, D. (2009). The Florence Prescription: From Accountability to Ownership. Values
Coach

Charles Of Valois And The Invasion Of Florence
On 1st of November 1301, Charles of Valois invaded Florence, with the official purpose to bring
peace between the two internal political factions but, in contrast, he reached the political power on
the city, on which he ruled and enacted hard laws. In addition, on 9th of November 1301 the French
Prince appointed Conte Gabrielli da Gubbio (member of the Black Guelphs) as supreme magistracy
of Florence, allowing this latter to recall in Florence the exiled Donati family, who had been
previously banned from the city as guilty of conspiracy against the White faction (June 1301). The
above episode is mentioned in Dante's Comedy as the prophecy by Ciacco : "He then: "After long
striving they will come/To blood; and the wild party from the woods/Will

Public Rituals In Renaissance Florence Essay
Public ritual in Renaissance Florence involved many actors and took many forms. They could be
civic rituals performed by the citizens of the city, or popular rituals where anyone could participate.
They could also originate in the private sphere and were made available to the public. Public rituals
had various purposes, but most importantly they reproduced hierarchies which conditioned the
organisation of power within the Florentine polity, and ensured civil peace and harmony. This was
particularly important in Renaissance Florence as no one monarch ruled the city, and therefore no
singular figure embodying authority and morality could be looked up to by the people. Keeping law
and order was the ruling class' major concern, and public rituals ... Show more content on
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The portrait of Giuliano de Medici by Raphael, a tempera and oil on canvas, can be dated back to
around 1515 (Fig. 2). The portrait includes a background depiction of Florence, which is revealed
behind a green curtain. As part of a marriage arrangement with Philiberte of Savoy, it is not
surprising that Florence would be depicted as an asset of Giuliano's. However, the picture was
painted shortly after the carnival of 1513, and it highlights the sort of relationship that the Medici
family wanted to re–establish with the city and its people, using public rituals to achieve this.
Giuliano's gaze is directed to the part of the curtain revealing the city, thus asserting his status as
legimate ruler, watching over the people of Florence. This painting and the carnival of 1513 convey
similar messages. When Girolamo Macchietti executed a portrait of Lorenzo the Magnificent, he
used a similar device (Fig. 3). Lorenzo stands tall with Florence in the background, and he looks
forward benevolently. What the Medicis attempted to achieve with public rituals, they successfully
managed to reflect in their portraiture. With their backs turned to the city, they would have appeared
to contemporaries as larger–than–life leaders protecting Florence's interests and history. The link
between the two portraits is interesting because the carnival of 1513 was a clear attempt at

The Black Death Plaques Florence
The Black Death Plaques Florence:
Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio Analysis The notorious Black Death in the fourteenth century is
often described as the "great mortality" for its fatal infestation into Asia and Europe. The true
impacts it had on the western civilization in one mere day is best described in the first excerpt "Day
the First" in the historical text, The Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio by Giovanni Boccaccio.
Boccaccio greatly emphasizes the resulting civil disorder as an entire civilization crashed in one
day, plagued by infamous Black Death. Not only did the plaque cause an unprecedented amount of
deaths, it also caused a total shift in religious, social, and cultural frameworks present in the city of
Florence Italy. The descriptive nature of the text in "Day the First" elaborates on the bewilderment
the plaque brought with it. The "pestilence" as Boccaccio calls it, was known about in the eastern
regions. There was a form of action taken to preserve the health of Florence Italy, as described by
Boccaccio in the direct quote,
And there against no wisdom availing nor human foresight (whereby the city was purged of many
impurities by officers deputed to that end and it was forbidden unto any sick person to enter therein
and many were the counsels given for the preservation of health) nor yet humble supplications, not
once but many times both in ordered processions––(Margol and Heineman, Boccaccio Describes
The Plaque In Florence 1348, Ch. 11.3).
However, with bewilderment to the people, the plaque still rampaged the west. As hinted at in the
text, many believed the pestilence was a result of humanities iniquitous dealings and God's wrath.
Upon analyzing the text, the little known about the plaque in the east, was very different compared
to the one that manifested in Florence. Due to the religious influence at the time, this was once again
viewed as a punishment from the heavenly bodies above. As evident from the text, physicians had
no cure and it became clear that the contagion was not limited to man, but also animal. As a result, a
great deal of pressure was put on the church for redemption. But to no avail, more people fell ill.
This caused city–wide panic as everyone began to behave

Florence Was The Birthplace Of The Italian Renaissance

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