1. VISION
To be a recognized
University in the Asia Pacific
Region by 2022.
2. MISSION
LPU-B, espousing the ideals of Jose P. Laurel,
is dedicated to the holistic development of the
individual constantly in pursuit of truth and acts
with fortitude (Veritas Et Fortitudo) to serve God
and Country (Pro Deo Et Patria). It is committed
to provide quality education and develop leaders,
lifelong learners and globally competitive
professionals who possess the 4C;s – competence,
commitment, credibility and collaboration.
3. CORE VALUES
G – God Centeredness
L – Leadership
I – Integrity
N - Nationalism
4. INTEGRITY IS ………
The quality of being honest and having strong
moral principles; moral uprightness.
5. WHAT IS HISTORY?
Origin . . . . .
It is derived from the Greek word “historia”, which
means to know or to see.
6. TRADITIONAL DEFINITIONS
History if the record of the past
History is a record of the human past
from the time written records began to
appear
7. MODERN DEFINITION
Bridging the gap between the Present and the Past
Explaining causes of things and events
Projecting the future
Interpreting conditions of a given space and time
Promoting Nationalism and Patriotism
8. TASK OF THE HISTORIAN
They seek out the records and survival of mankind’s past
Critically examines it
Imagine how the past looked like; and lastly,
Present the results of their imaginative reconstructions of
the past in ways that do not violate the cannons of the
scientific methods of writing
the historian is not contented to tell us merely what
happened; he wishes to make us see why it happened too.
W.H.Walsh
9. PATTERNS OF HISTORY
1. Linear
• History has a goal or end toward which it is moving forward
• Everything that had happened in the past is in accordance
with God’s plan (Providential theory).
• Man progresses everday in whatever way
• Popularized by st. Augustine, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte
10. 2. Cyclical
• History continuouslyrepeat itself
• Popularized the ancient stoics, Nietzche,
Hegel, Marx, etc.
11. 3. Spiral
Combination of linear and cyclical
While there is certain repetition of
history, there is also
progress towards some goal
Popularized by Vico, Spengler etc.
12. 4. Chaotic
There is no certain pattern in history
History has no pattern or meaning
History happens because they are meant to happen
5. Eclectic
Combination of the different patterns of history
13. USES OF HISTORY
Hindsight (looking backward)
History teaches us lessons in the past which can
help us in the conduct of our present life. It draws lessons
from the past.
Foresight (looking forward)
History not only describe what happened in the
past but also tells us why society changes from one stage
to another.
14. Character building
History gives us certain knowledge and develops
with in us:
1. The courage to face the facts of life
2. the humility to learn from the experiences in the past.
3. the intelligence to act upon our problems
4. the faith to believe in oneself.
Collective memory
history is the story of groups of people, storehouse of
experiences which they develop into social identity and future
prospects. It also helps promote national identity.
15. •History is particularly rich in opportunity it offers for
learning how to think
•History involves the development of perspective
•History teaches judgement
•Historical studies is good in dealing with complexities.
•History is a vehicle for teaching the private citizen the
virtue of loyalty and responsibility.
- Robert Daniels (1981)
16. HOW DOES HISTORY DIFFER FROM ARTS
AND LITERATURE?
•History is based on facts, literature an
arts are based on imagination
17. RELATIONSHIP OF HISTORY
TO OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES
•The social sciences (psychology, sociology, anthropology,
etc.) draw data from history and incorporate the
perspective of history on the changing circumstance of
human behavior.
18. “to foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary
to open the book that tells of her past”.
Dr. Jose Rizal
19. PHILPPINE HISTORY
Pre-Colonization
Spanish Period
Ameriican Occupation
Japanese Occupation
3rd Republic onwards
20. ON A YELLOW PAPER WRITE ANYTHING YOU KNOW
ABOUT PHILIPPINE HISTORY
geography
Filipino people
Culture
Government
Way of life
21. THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS PEOPLE
How come Filipinos have such varied physical features?
Such diverse economic activities? Observers say, one’s
geography (e.g., archipelagic and tropical) can help shape not
only a people’s physical appearance but also their economy,
character traits, history and development.
The Philippines is a tropical and archipelagic country found
in the Southeast Asia. Endowed with rich natural resources
and a warm, hospitable people, it has its own share of
political and economic challenges to meet.
22. PHILIPPINE
GEOGRAPHY
Geography is the science that studies the earth’s form, physical
features, climate, population, and other related topics.
27. PHYSICAL FEATURES
The Philippines (PH) is an island nation located in Southeast Asia
between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam.
•According to the geography of Philippines, the country is made up of
7,107 islands, with a total area of 300,000 sq km. The country's land area
occupies 298,170 sq km while water constitute only 1,830 sq km of the
total area and has a coastline of 36,289 km.
•An important feature of the geography of Philippines is that the country
is part of a western Pacific arc system which is characterized by active
volcanoes. All the islands of the country are susceptible to earthquakes.
•The country's closest neighboring countries are Taiwan to the north and
Malaysia and Indonesia to the south. The country's capital city is Manila
located on Luzon Island.
28. The overall land area is comparable to that of Arizona.
Only about 7% of the islands are larger than one square
mile, and only one-third have names.
The largest are Luzon in the north (40,420 sq mi;
104,687 sq km), Mindanao in the south (36,537 sq mi;
94,631 sq km), and Samar (5,124 sq mi; 13,271 sq km).
The islands are of volcanic origin, with the larger ones
crossed by mountain ranges. The highest peak is Mount
Apo (9,690 ft; 2,954 m) on Mindanao
29.
30.
31. GOVERNMENT
The Philippines is a constitutional republic with three co-equal
branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The executive
branch, headed by the president and Vice-president, administers
the functions of the government through the cabinet that is
made up of departments and headed by department
secretaries.
The legislative branch , which is responsible for enacting bills
into laws, is composed of the Senate (Upper House) and the
House of Representatives (Lower House), led by the Senate
President and Speaker of the House, respectively.
The Judiciary consists of the systems of courts with the
Supreme Court as the highest court in the land and headed by
the Chief Justice.
32. For administrative purposes, the Philippines is subdivided
into regions and provinces, except for Metropolitan
Manila. Each province is headed by governor and has its
own legislative body called Sanguniang Panlalawigan.
The Province in turn, are composed of cities and
municipalities. Cities and Municipalities are further
divided into barangays. A Barangay is the smallest
political unit of the country and headed by a barangay.
33. The country has undergone several constitutional changes.
These constitutions are:
The Malolos Constitution – set up the first republic
The 1935 Constitution - served as the basis for the
transition commonwealth and set up the third republic headed
by Manuel Roxas
The 1943 Constitution - recognized the 2nd republic under
JPL
The 1973 Constitution - extended the term of Pres.
Ferdinand Marcos
The 1987 Constitution - during the presidency of Cory
Aquino up to the present
34. ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
•Caloocan
•Las Pinas
•Makati
•Malabon
•Mandaluyong
•Manila
•Muntinlupa
•Marikina
•Navotas
•Paranaque
•Quezon
•San Juan
•Taguig
•Valenzuela
National
Capital Region
52. MOUNTAIN RANGES
Caraballo del Sur
highest peak at the intersection of
•C
the boundaries of Abra, Ilocos Norte &
Cagayan
•Caraballo Occidentales
divide into the Cordillera Norte &
Cordillera Central and tranverse the
region west of the Cagayan River
•The Sierra Madre
Also known as the Pacific Coast
Range, begins at Baler, Quezon and
crosses Isabelaa, Nueva Viscaya and
Cagayan. The longest continuous range
in the country.
53. PROMINENT RIVERS
•Jaluard
•Agno
•Mindanao
•Jaro
•Abra
•Bicol
•Tagum
•Agusan
•Plaridel
•Catugig Chico River, Cordillera Region
63. Theories on the Origins of
the Philippines
(Geological & Geographical
foundations)
64. A. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
1. Pacific Theory
According to Bailey Willis, a noted geologist, the
Philippine islands were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions. These
volcanoes were found under the Pacific Ocean towards the eastern
region of Asia. The Pacific Theory or the Volcanic Theory says that some
200 million years has passed since the eruption of these volcanoes. This
natural phenomenon caused the splitting of rocks followed by the waters
surrounding them.
This phenomenon also happened in Japan, Taiwan,
Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and New Zealand. These countries from what
is now known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. There are 250 volcanoes around
the region. The Philippines has 22 active volcanoes. It is no wonder then
than earthquakes occur quite frequently around the country. (Custodio
1998)
65. 2. THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
It argues that the Philippines came from the breaking
of a vast mass of land and the drifting away of broken
pieces from each other. The larger ones turned into
continents while the smaller bits & pieces
constituted themselves into islands & archipelagos,
including the Philippines.
66. 3. “LAND BRIDGES” OR WAVES OF MIGRATION
THEORY
According to the theory of H. Otley Beyer, a renowned
archaeologist, the Philippines was once a part of the Asian continent
because of land bridges. This geographical feature was common
during the Pleistocene Period or the Ice Age some 1.8 million years
ago. Waves of migrants from Mainland Asia made their way to the
Philippines crossing these land bridges.
After the Glacial Period, the ice around the continent began to thaw,
causing waters to rise and the oceans to form over the land bridges.
The lands above sea level shaped the islands dotting the
archipelago. This theory also explains the similarities of plants and
animal species found in the country and in some parts of the Asian
regio
67. The theory also identifies five land bridges that connected one area
to another:
Palawan and Borneo
Philippines, Taiwan, and Asia
Borneo and Sulu-Mindanao
New Guinea-Mindanao (Jocano 1975)
The similarity of the natural plants and animals in the
mainland of Asia and that of the Philippines may prove that the
Philippines were once a part of the mainland of Asia.
68. However, German Scientist Dr. Fritjof Voss proved
that the 35 kilometer thick crust below China does
not stretch to the Philippines, contrary to first
wave theory that the first migrators walked along
the land bridges.
69. 4. ASIATIC THEORY
According to the Asiatic theory of Dr. Leopoldo
Faustino, the islands were form through the process
of diastrophism. This explains the movement of the
earth that caused some parts either to rise or sink.
This happens with the folding, faulting, and wrapping
of the earth.
70. 5. THE PHILIPPINES AS A REMNANT OF A VAST
CONTINENT
Certain geographical scientist opined that the
Philippines was a remnant of a vast continent in the
Pacific which sank beneath the waters. This lost
Pacific continent was called Mu or Lemuria.
71. B. MYTHICAL ORIGIN
1. Divine creation
2.Quarrel between the sky and the sea
3.The giant tale
72. Looking at the world
map, explain why the
Philippines occupies a
strategic position in
relation to other
countries in Southeast
Asia and the world.
Give the basic
geographical features of
the Philippines. How do
these features relates
themselves to the
possible origin of the
country?
73. There are several theories given
by scientists as to the origin of the
Filipinos. One of these theories
explains that the Philippines was
once inhabited by the Tabon men
who resembled the Java men and
who lived about 250,000 years ago.
These people lived in caves and used
stones as tools for gathering food.
76. According to a famous American
archaeologist, three waves of
people came to the Philippines
from the Asian peninsula. These
were the Aetas, Indonesians and
Malays.
77. THE AETAS
The Aetas or Negritoes were the first group of people
who came to the Philippines through the land bridges.
They were small, about four feet tall. They had dark skin,
flat noses, thick lips and black kinky hair. They used bows
and arrows as weapons. They used leaves and barks of
trees for their clothing.
The Aetas were a wandering people. They had no
permanent home. Most of them lived in caves at the
mountainsides. Sometimes, they made temporary shelter
made of twigs and leaves of trees. They moved from one
place to another to get food. They gathered fruits, root
crops and edible plants around.
78. THE DESCENDANTS OF THE AETAS CAN STILL BE FOUND IN THE
MOUNTAINS OF LUZON, MINDANAO, PANAY, MINDORO AND PALAWAN.
THEY ARE SOMETIMES CALLED ITA, BALUGA, AGTA OR ATI.
79.
80.
81.
82. From South Asia, the second wave of
migrants, the Indonesian came by canoes and
boats after the Great Ice Age about 3000 B.C..
They introduced bronze and rice terraces.
The third were navigators, potters, weavers
and blacksmiths. They are the Malays who
came before 1 B.C. in Mindanao and Sulu.
Filipinos and Moros were the descendants of
Malays
