This document discusses end-to-end architectures and their importance for portable services across multiple devices. It uses navigation as an example service and describes how an end-to-end architecture like GST would allow the service to be implemented and utilized on different platforms like vehicles, phones, and PDAs. The document outlines key aspects of GST including common interfaces, collaboration among different players, and how it enables services to migrate across devices running OSGi.

1. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Services in a multi-device world
Why End to End Architectures matter
An SAIC Company
Dave Marples
GST Chief Architect
Chief Scientist
Network Systems Research
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
One Telcordia Drive
Piscataway, NJ, 08854
Voice: +44 1623 428 689
Fax: +44 7005 805 807
E-mail:
dmarples@research.telcordia.com

2. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Presentation Format
• What are users looking for?
• An example user service ; Navigation
• Where OSGi fits amongst all of this
• An example End to End Architecture – GST
• Using GST to implement the navigation example

3. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
What do users want?
• Users want to have their application data presented to them
consistently on whatever devices they have available;
– How many phone books do you have right now? (PC, phone, PDA,
handwritten….)
– Are you constrained to a single machine for reading and writing your e-
mail?
– ….
• They recognize that capabilities might be limited by the nature of the
devices they have available (c.f. Don Norman and the Swiss Army
Knife) but are happy to live with those constraints
• Application data often needs to be processed locally before it can be
presented to the user as useful information – we need an application
platform as well as a data platform.
• They really don’t care about underlying platforms or technologies
and, in fact, too much information about these scares them and
switches them off!

4. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Navigation as an example portable
service
Route Planning Mile 0 99 Mile 100
Home Vehicle PDA/Phone
Map Data
Route Information
Cheapest Most Expensive

5. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Implemented the ‘traditional’ way…
Map Data
Route Information
Data
Logic
Web Server
€ € € € € €

6. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Implemented using portable services…
Map Data
Route Information
Data
Logic
Control
System
€ € €

7. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Things that help implement Service
Portability…
• Common data representations
• Common management interfaces
• Common execution environments
• Dynamic collaboration
• Automatic deployment and provisioning
… all of these things, when commonly specified, contribute
towards creating an End to End Architecture

8. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Where does OSGi fit?
• OSGi provides an environment in which a
significant proportion of the diversity of individual
platforms is abstracted away – the same code can
run in many environments
• Code can be created for one environment and can
still operate in others, despite the heterogeneity in
the deployment
• From a user perspective, code can migrate from
one device to another, even though the reality
(screen size, I/O devices etc.) is that the code
being executed may change significantly

9. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
What does OSGi Enable?
• A service platform where code can
execute independently
• Application updates with no platform
downtime
• Recognition of a dynamic world with
capabilities entering and leaving the
environment
• Implicit Multi-environment support (home,
automotive, mobile etc. etc.)

10. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
An Example E2E Architecture : GST
(Work in Progress!)

11. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
What is GST specifying…?
Line Protocols
Messaging
Programmatic
APIs
Functional
Operating
Environments
Core
Standard
802.3, Bluetooth,
ZiBee, WiFi, HSCSD,
GPRS…..
HTTP, SOAP, ASN.1,
CORBA...
C#, Java, C, C++…
IETF RFCs etc.
OSGi, .NET…..
ReferenceImplementation
OSGiR3based

12. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
The Goal of GST…
OperatorOperatorOperator
In-vehicle
terminal
Service
provider
Service
provider

13. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
The GST System
System
Operational System Realization System
Entities in each
system Interact with
each other to animate
it
Content Centre
Service Centre
Client System
Service Application
Telematic Control Unit
I/O Device
Development Centre
Certification CentreVehicle Management Centre
OEM Software
Repository
Billing Centre
Service Platform
Control Centre
Payment Centre Payment Service Centre
Clearing Centre
User Credential
Store
Software Repository
GST Standards
and specifications

14. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Typical Interaction...
Content Centre
Service Centre
Control Centre
Client System
End User
Client System
Content Delivery
Service Delivery
Service Deployment
Service Execution
Peer to Peer
Operation
Service Consumption

15. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
End to End Architecture of GST
IO Device
Telematics
Control Unit
Vehicle
Service
Centre
Client System
Management
Authentication &
Authorization
User
Subscriptions
Billing
Centre
Payment
Centre
IO Device
Interface
(IOD-I)
Vehicle
Interface
(V-I)
Vehicle to
Vehicle Interface
(VV-I)
User Authorization
Interface
(UA-I)
Service
Authorization
Interface
(SA-I)
Service
Consumption
Interface
(SC-I)
System
Management
Interface
(UA-I)

16. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Infrastructure
Providers
Mobile
Terminals
Vehicle
Users
Emergency
Services
Consumer
Offline---------------------------------------Realtime
ControlCentre
Authentication
Payment and
Billing
Subscription
Management
Client System
Management
What it means in the real world…
ServiceCentre
Service Creation Data Sources Administration
Delivery
Making a service
available to use
Rendering a service
to the end user
Deployment

17. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
What’s Novel about an E2E
Architecture?
• End to End Architectures require multiple
players to collaborate to create an
ecosystem…in the case of GST;
– Car Manufacturers & their OEMs
– Communication infrastructure providers
– Mobile Handset manufacturers
– ISPs and billing infrastructure providers
– …
• These ecosystems are most easily fostered
either by the emergence of a leader creating de
facto standards or via industry collaboration
(OSGi, GST…)

18. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Navigation : Route Planning Step
IO Device
Telematics
Control Unit
Vehicle
Service
Centre
Client System
Management
Authentication &
Authorization
User
Subscriptions
Billing
Centre
Payment
Centre
IO Device
Interface
(IOD-I)
Vehicle
Interface
(V-I)
Vehicle to
Vehicle Interface
(VV-I)
User Authorization
Interface
(UA-I)
Service
Authorization
Interface
(SA-I)
Service
Consumption
Interface
(SC-I)
System
Management
Interface
(UA-I)
Data
Logic

19. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Navigation : Vehicle Step
Telematics
Control Unit
Vehicle
Service
Centre
Client System
Management
Authentication &
Authorization
User
Subscriptions
Billing
Centre
Payment
Centre
IO Device
Interface
(IOD-I)
Vehicle
Interface
(V-I)
Vehicle to
Vehicle Interface
(VV-I)
User Authorization
Interface
(UA-I)
Service
Authorization
Interface
(SA-I)
Service
Consumption
Interface
(SC-I)
System
Management
Interface
(UA-I)
Data
Logic

20. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
Navigation : Pedestrian Step
Telematics
Control Unit
Vehicle
Service
Centre
Client System
Management
Authentication &
Authorization
User
Subscriptions
Billing
Centre
Payment
Centre
IO Device
Interface
(IOD-I)
Vehicle
Interface
(V-I)
Vehicle to
Vehicle Interface
(VV-I)
User Authorization
Interface
(UA-I)
Service
Authorization
Interface
(SA-I)
Service
Consumption
Interface
(SC-I)
System
Management
Interface
(UA-I)
Data
Logic

21. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
To recap…
• End to end architectures allow the functionality of a service
to be rendered onto many available devices, depending on
what devices happen to be local to the user
• In general, an E2E architecture requires the collaboration of
many corporations to achieve the objectives…with the
intended end result that a larger market is created for each
than would otherwise be possible.
• OSGi allows execution, and not just data, to migrate too –
thus saving costs and enhancing reliability when
communication links are involved
• GST is an example of an End to End Architecture which will
support applications running on diverse and dynamic
platforms

22. © copyright 2004 Telcordia Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
…finally
The GST project is a work in progress - our
understanding of the world will change and
develop over the next two and a half years –
come and give your input at the next GST Forum
meeting in April in Munich.
http://www.gstforum.org/
.. any questions??