Club Drugs Essay

Club Drugs Essay
It's 6 o'clock on a Saturday morning and while some teenagers are enjoying the extra hours of sleep,
many are still bouncing around to the sounds of techno music. Thousands of teenagers and even
some adults gather into clubs decorated with black lights, disco balls, and tons of smoke machines.
Their hearts are pounding and their pulse is racing at the speed of light, all compliments of designer
drugs known as club drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse). Changing the molecular structure of
an existing drug or drugs to create a new substance creates designer drugs (Kusinitz 151). The all
night dance parties, known as raves, are about the wildest thing going from midnight till dawn, and
often beyond. Just because these drugs may portray ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ecstasy is a combination of other illicit drugs. Because many different recipes are used to make
Ecstasy, the risk of death and permanent brain damage are heightened when some substances are
combined (NIDA). The bottom line with this drug is you never know what is in the $5–$20 pill you
just bought, so the safest bet would be to do without it. The use of Ecstasy has led to more powerful
drugs such as Ketamine, known on the streets as Special K, or K. Special K emerged as a
recreational drug in the 1970's and was known as Vitamin K in the underground club scene in the
1980's (Kusinitz 44). It resurfaced in the 1990's as Special K in the rave scene (45). Normally found
in an injectable form, it is converted to powder and re–packaged into small ziplock bags or capsules
(46). This powerful hallucinogen is generally snorted, and is occasionally sprinkled on tobacco or
marijuana and smoked (NIDA). "Special K is usually combined with other drugs, such as Ecstasy or
cocaine, to enhance the high. The high, called the "K–Hole", can last anywhere from 30 minutes to 2
hours and can produce hallucinations that include visual distortions and a lost sense of time and
identity"(NIDA). Sold by the vials, K runs around $10–$30 and is available widely throughout raves
(Mass 16). The most common form of hallucinogen and the easiest to get at raves, is LSD.
Commonly known as "acid", it is sold for $3–$5 a hit and can last up to 12
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Essay on LSD
LSD
For thousands of years people have spoke of all types of visions. Whether the visions were from
religious groups, Indian tribes, or self proclaimed prophets; all types of people have seen things.
This was more than likely occurring with the help of different types of hallucinogens. Hallucinogens
have been around since the beginning of time. Some mushrooms, cactus flowers, and even different
types of mold are all able to produce hallucinogenic effects. However, it was only within the last
century that man actually started to produce his own. LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide–25, is a
relatively new substance in society. All known effects show LSD, or acid, as the harmful drug most
people know it as. There are people who believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course the doctors did this not knowing the effects of the drug, long term or short term. With time
knowledge grew, but sadly, so did the curiosity about the drug. This led to a stronger demand for the
drug for people to try to satisfy their own curiosity. To this very day people "try it" just to see what it
is like, or to find out what they will see. Visions are just one of the many effects this drug has on
subjects that take it. In the past L.S.D. and other hallucinogens have been used in professional
studies of the human mind. These studies have had mixed results, that always almost always vary,
depending on the patient and his or her surroundings. When something new comes and is publicized
and talked about, human nature tends to make people experiment. That is exactly what people did
with L.S.D. The mass of the population did it for fun with no real intent to harm them. Psychiatrists
had a field day with the new drug. Psychotherapy was the major field in which L.S.D. played a
factor. All through the Sixties and up into the early Seventies, doctors tried all angles to find a
concrete use in the field of psychotherapy for L.S.D. In the Sixties the drug was even attempted as a
weapon for chemical warfare. The effect of the drug was said to take all rationality out of its victim
making them an easy target. L.S.D. prevailed in 1965 because it was said to do "good" things to
people. First, it could easily bring out inner emotions and repressed memories

LSD Essay
Hallucinogens
In 1943, Albert Hofman took the first "acid trip," from accidentally ingesting his creation known as
LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide. Hofman reported his experience of seeing amazing pictures,
fantastic shapes, and effervescent colors. Since then, hallucinogenic drugs have widely spread across
the drug market. Why are hallucinogenic drugs used so much across the United States, as well as the
rest of the World? What is it about these drugs that alter people's decisions and consciousness? Why
is it that some people would rather spend their nights buying and using these drugs than any other
alternative? It is simply for the astounding effects that these drugs can offer one's mind and alter
their moods. The popularity and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The emotions from an "LSD trip" can change from extreme joy, to detachment, to a state of
excessive awareness (Degracia, 1993). LSD, like any other drug, can alter one's perception and
mood, or magnify your emotions, dependent upon if the drug is considered a stimulant or a
depressant. The hallucination experience usually begins with simple hallucinations, such shapes and
spirals (Ebbitt, 1998). The next stage consists of more meaningful images; some may being seeing
things related to a personal experience or mood. When the hallucination experience peaks, people
have what is called an "out–of–body experience" and begin to imagine dreamlike scenes as though
they were real. These images and experiences become so realistic that some drug users result to
panic and extreme anxiety, but nevertheless, are mesmerized by the incredible images presented to
them (Myers, 2002).
I was able to perform an interview with a student at the University of Denver, who will remain
anonymous. The student was asked questions why he/she is a semi–frequent user of mushrooms,
acid (LSD), and ecstasy. The student was asked to describe his/her experiences with the drugs and
which one was most used amongst her peers.
The student's experience with mushrooms, or more known as shrooms, is that they are a very high
stimulant. The student experiences uncontrollable laughing and smiling while under the influence of
mushrooms. However, shortly after the affect of the mushrooms kicks–in,

LSD Argumentative Essay
The new forefront of neuroscience and psychiatric research has been to reintroduce hallucinogenic
drugs as medicinal remedies for anxiety and depression. Recently, in the last few years, the drug
LSD has been reconsidered as a possible therapy tool for patients with terminal illnesses. So far, the
only notable trial was too small to be conclusive. The people who are candidates for this type of
therapy are those who are approaching the end of their lives and have few options in regards to
numbing their pain. Results from a famous trial held by Swiss doctor Peter Gasser showed that the
anxiety of the patients "went down and stayed down" after the first exposure to the drug. The drug
LSD helped ease end of life anxiety by providing a sense of ... Show more content on
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Even worse, adolescents may become more exposed to the drug, believing it to be harmless and
become lifetime users and abusers. However, while LSD is highly addictive, there is no evidence
that it causes any mental damage or permanent harm to the body besides the occasionally reported
5–6 second flashback and in rare cases of extreme abuse, the slight desensitization of sight, taste,
and smell. While there is the risk of normalizing an illicit drug, if taking lysergic acid in a controlled
therapeutic environment can assist terminally ill patients with finding peace and closure in their final
days, then why not do everything in our power to make sure that they leave this world joyously and
not

Lsd Advantages And Disadvantages
Lysergic acid diethylamide, more popularly known as LSD or acid, is a psychedelic drug that has a
long and controversial history in the United States. LSD, a schedule one drug, is a product of
diethylamine and lysergic acid and has its roots in medicine, recreation, and spiritual ceremonies. It
is most well–known for its hallucinogenic and psychotropic properties. On top of its more
traditional claims to fame, it has also been involved in conspiracies concerning the intelligence
agency. LSD was first introduced to the world in 1938 when it was developed by Albert Hofmann, a
Swiss chemist. Hofmann's studies were centered on developing a medically relevant ergot alkaloid
derivative. The discovery of the psychedelic effects of LSD was not discovered ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Synthesis done in an established lab under the care of professional chemists, however, leads to pure
product of high quality. Professional production of this scale is usually only conducted for potential
medications. In fact, LSD was first prescribed as a medication to treat those with mental functioning
problems. Although LSD was first designed as a medication to treat psychiatric disorders, in the past
seventy years or so, it has branched out into other areas of interest, mainly recreational and
ritualistic use. Despite being designed as medication intended to help those with psychiatric trouble,
LSD currently holds no approved medical use. It was determined that the hallucinations and other
side effects far outweighed any benefits that the drug may have enacted. In today's society, LSD is
most commonly seen in the recreational and, more often, spiritual categories of its consumption.
Recreational consumption of LSD reached its peak during the 1960's as the youth culture of the time
had accepted hallucinogenic drugs as the staple for ingestion. The public acceptance in addition to
abundant advocacy from popular public images, notably the Grateful Dead who provided the
primary avenue of distribution through their concerts, carried LSD use to an all–time high. The use
of LSD has dropped dramatically from what it was in the early stages of the 1960's after

LSD, Medicine or Madness? Essay
Freedom was the battlecry of the sixties. Freedom from war, from the social pressures exerted by the
older generation, and perhaps even freedom from oneself. The goal was to live in an uninhibited
environment where experimentation of all sorts could thrive. It was within the context of this
"hippie generation" that lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as "acid" on the street, came to
pervade the lives of millions of American youth. The best known of all psychedelic drugs, LSD had
a profound effect on the outlook of the counterculture that emerged on the streets of San Francisco
in the sixties. It gave people "freedom from the restraints of ordinary consciousness and everyday
sorts of socialized behavior" (Debold and Leaf 1967). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He reported being overcome by "unusual sensations" and described the experience as an
"uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense, kaleidoscopic play of
colors" (Snyder 1986). Realizing that these intense feelings were caused by the chemical that he had
just synthesized, Hofmann returned to the lab and set out to confirm his speculations. Little did he
know that his discovery would have a major impact on the perspective of millions of people just two
decades ahead.
The General Effects of LSD
LSD has been known to induce a wide variety of effects. The intensity of the experience is
dependent on the size of the dose, the mental state of the user, and the setting in which the drug is
used (WWW1). It is an extremely potent substance and can exert a response at a dosage of a tenth of
a milligram (Snyder 1986). At greater dosages, the intense feelings become more pronounced and
last for an extended period of time. Once ingested, the LSD "trip" is uncontrollable and cannot come
to an end by the will of the user (WWW1). LSD is not strictly hallucinogenic, it does not make the
user see things that are not there. Rather, it is an illucinogenic compound. It distorts reality.
The LSD "trip" can be divided into four stages. The first stage is the "initial", which starts within
minutes after ingestion, and lasts for thirty to forty–five minutes, depending on the dosage (Sankar
1975). Usually, a

Behavior Changes and Side Effects in LSD Users Essay
Behavior Changes and Side Effects in LSD Users
In 1938, Albert Hofmann created lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD–
25) at Sandoz pharmaceutical laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.
It was initially created to aid as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant, and it was discovered to
stimulate contraction of the uterus. In 1943, it was unintentionally absorbed into Hofmann's skin,
and he discovered that it was an extremely potent hallucinogen. Although a true hallucinogen is
when a person sees or hears something (without sensory cues) that does not exist, and believes that
the perceptions are real, LSD is considered a hallucinogen which merely alters the perception of
existing sensory stimuli while most users are aware that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"LSD was introduced into the United States in 1948 as a psychiatric wonder drug . . . curing
everything from schizophrenia, criminal behavior, sexual perversions, and alcoholism," (Henderson,
p.3). Sandoz recommended that psychiatrists take LSD in order to gain insight to the ideas and
sensations of their mental patients. LSD was expected to create fundamental changes in attitude and
personality, and shorten the time consuming, expensive process of psychotherapy by enabling
patients to uncover unconscious material more quickly than conventional methods, (Henderson, 47).
It was reported that
"subjects would become less depressed, anxious, guilty, or angry, and more self tolerant, religious,
and sensually aware.
LSD therapy for the terminally ill was used to "help the patient remain alert and aware while
providing relief from pain and discomfort. It was meant to lessen the sense of isolation, and help the
patient reach out to those close to him or her,"
(Henderson, 49). "In the early 1950's, the CIA became interested in LSD as a potential 'truth drug' or
mind control agent. In the
CIA's cold–war Operation MK–ULTRA, experiments were conducted using numerous mind–
altering drugs, and by the mid– 1960's, about one thousand five hundred military personnel had

A Short Note On Anxiety Attacks And Depression
Bob is a 26 year old white male who has been suffering from anxiety attacks and depression. He
indicates that these issues presented themselves 6 years ago after a single use of the hallucenogenic
drug LSD in college. He indicates a fear of flashbacks to that experience and says there in no other
incident that could cause these issues. He also discusses a tumultuous relationship with his father
and two brothers, and was significantly more shy than his siblings while growing up. He maintains
that he has trouble holding down a job, and has little to no relationship with his male family
members at this time.
Presenting concerns:
Bob indicates that he has been presenting with anxiety attacks during the night multiple times per
week. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The negative self– cencept created by accusations of lying and the physical altercations/ lack of
realtionship with his brothers could lead to a dimished sense of self– worth, leading to Bob's
feelings of depression. Murdock wrote that "depression, for example, would be seen as probably
involving a negative self concept that resulted from an excess of conditions of worth" (159). This
indicates that Bob's negative sense of worth could absolutely be the cause of his depressive
tendancies, as well as his constant state of sadness. This sadness and anxiety (as mentioned above,
where Bob sees where his problems are affecting his relationships) are the cause of his inability to
hold down a job, have a stable relationship with his girlfriend, and avoid interactions with his father
and brothers.
Course of treatment and interventions utilized:
Bob presented many of his self–visualized problems in our first session, and became somewhat sad
while doing so. Bob indicated that he thought that he could reasonably complete his time in
counseling after between 10 and 15 sessions, so it was agreed upon that we would function under
the assumption that we would complete 12. In our first session, Bob described his experience with
LSD in great detail, and indicated that this is the only cause of his anxiety that he could think of. He
had trouble beginning to speak about his family life, however after a little encouragement, he was
able to speak

Lsd Research Paper
LSD: Is it Still Medically Viable? Introduction: The psychedelic drug LSD, short for Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide, was a drug used for the treatment of mental disorders and alcoholism in the 1950s.
After a twenty–year reign, its use stopped why psychiatrist were prescribing the drug like Pez
Dispensers. Unknowingly these doctors were overdosing their patients. The question is, if prescribed
correctly, could LSD still be a useful medicine, or do the risks outweigh the benefits. Doctors and
loved ones of alcoholics might greatly benefit. If the taboo were removed this drug could still be
useful. History: LSD's mind–altering properties were discovered in 1943 by Swiss chemist Albert
Hofmann, when he accidentally ingested a small dose and "thought ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 2009 University of California and Harvard began research once again for medical uses and
chronic headaches. So far reports show that when used correctly all patients report emotional ease
and none have reported panic or delusion. (Medical Uses for LSD, 8). According to "Medical
Daily", LSD shows a positive trend in reducing anxiety in just two sessions. What's more, it seems
that now that LSD is being regulated better no studies are finding the ill side–effects of the 1950s.
Prescribing LSD to combat alcoholism is proving to be very successful (Science Daily). The effects
last several months with the patient not drinking. Scientists believe that repeated doses coupled with
standard alcoholism treatments will give a sustained cure. My Views: LSD should be available for
medical use. If prescribed correctly studies show no side–effects. All the man–made drug of today
have side–effects that are typically worse than the issue they are treating. We do not need to rule out
any medication that does not have these side–effects. I am quite sure that if I had a family member
that was suffering from a personality disorder or alcoholism, I would give them LSD. We need to
allow the psychiatrist to prescribe LSD once more and just strictly regulate its use. If effects last
several months why no give patients only one dose so they cannot use too much

LSD
LSD, also known as Hallucinogens to the common public or Lysergic acid diethylamide, is a
psychedelic drug that can lead to "mystical" visions, feelings of alienation and separation.
Hallucinogens can alter a person's mood or state of mind. LSD is the most psychedelic substance
known and doses of LSD can be measured in micrograms. It is manufactured from lysergic acid,
which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. This halluncinogenic drug is
delivered in a crystalline structure and blended with a natural or synthetic substance that is
formulated alongside an active ingredient of a medicine. Hallucinogens have been used since
ancient times, for religion and medicine. Some commonly used drugs that are under hallucinogens
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A bad LSD trip can trigger psychosis, which in fact, can be considerably dangerous. It is sold in
pills, in liquid form, and in capsules, once taken, the person's senses and feeling of reality start to
change. This hallucinogenic drug, LSD, was specifically developed to act as a respiratory and
circulatory

The Significance Of LSD To The Brain
In terms of LSD's biological and chemical significance, scientists always look to the brain. In
neurology, its significance is this drug's serotonin–blocking capabilities, as well as dopamine
increasing capacities; two naturally produced hormones. This phenomenon works as follows.
Neurotransmitters are like keys to the locks, or receptors, which allows the brain to process or
exchange information. LSD has an uncanny resemblance/structure of several of these
neurotransmitters, most notably (as stated previously) serotonin and dopamine. Therefore, whenever
this drug is ingested or consumed, it has the unique ability to unlock serotonin and dopamine
receptors, thus telling the body to produce said hormones. Because there is now a surplus of these

The Hallucinogenic Effects Of LSD
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a hallucinogen that is produced from lysergic acid, found in the
ergot fungus that is found growing on rye and other grains. The drug is produced in crystal form,
which can be converted to liquid form or put onto absorbent paper to be distributed. LSD is
colorless, odorless, but has a slightly bitter taste. LSD was created by Albert Hoffman, who
synthesized the drug in 1938 looking for a blood stimulant. The hallucinogenic effects were
discovered in 1943, when Hoffman accidently consumed some of the substance.1 LSD was then
used by physiatrists from the 1940s to the 1960s to find some medical use for it, due to its similarity
in effects that are shared with psychosis2. Although no medical purpose was found

Informative Speech On Lsd
Intro The drug that i have chosen is a psychedelic most commonly known as LSD. LSD stands for
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. This drug is most commonly used in the united kingdom but can be
found just about anywhere in the world. This is one of the more risky drugs because there are more
negative than positive effects. History of Controlled Substance A chemist in Basel , Switzerland
named Albert Hofmann synthesized LSD for the first time in 1938. He was looking for a blood
stimulant. No one knew about LSDs hallucinogenic effects until 1943 when Albert Hofmann
accidentally consumed some LSD. Once these effects became known LSD was popularized in the
1960s by individuals such as psychologist Timothy Leary. He encouraged American students to
"turn on, tune in, and drop out." This created an entire "culture" of drug abuse and spread the drug
from America to the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe. Even today, use of LSD in the United
Kingdom is significantly higher than in other parts of the world." ... Show more content on
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LSD possession: Possession of Penalty Group 1A hallucinogenic substances like LSD can result in
jail terms of two years to life in prison with maximum fines of $250,000. MY SOURCE:
https://www.legalmatch.com/law–library/article/lsd–penalties–for–sale–and–possession.html?intake
redesigned=1 Legal Response to Possession/Intent to Sell/Distribution of Controlled Substance First
Offense Not less than 5 yrs, and not more than 40 yrs. If death or serious injury results, not less than
20 years or more than

LSD And Drug Abuse
The existence of drugs has been present in history since the beginning of time. Originally
manufactured as a means for healing people, they have also become something to easily abuse. One
drug that is quite popular among the masses is a drug known as LSD. Although it is not used as
frequently as other popular drugs like marijuana, cocaine, or methamphetamine, it is still a very
popular drug that is abused and is largely trafficked. On the streets it is colloquially known by many
names such as blotters, cid, doses, dots, but is mainly called "acid." The name LSD stands for
'Lysergic acid diethylamide. It is a very potent drug that causes the user to start to strongly
hallucinate. LSD is a very popular drug among younger people and is frequently ... Show more
In the early stages of taking it, the user may feel a sense of anxiety. Some of the physical effects of
the drug include dilated pupils, a higher heart rate, loss of appetite, and increased perspiration
(Drugs, Inc. Facts: Hallucinogens). LSD will mainly affect the user emotionally and distort their
sensory perceptions. The first sensory effect to hit will generally be visual changes. The user could
start to see a wide range of things that can range from bright flashing colors to objects changing
shape or position. The user is also subject to sudden changes in mood. They are very susceptible to
being happy one moment and immediately becoming depressed the next. LSD can also draw people
towards random bouts of depression and despair. According to the article "Drug Fact Sheet: GHB",
"the user may suffer impaired depth and time perception of the shape and size of objects,
movements, colors, sound, touch, and the user's own body image" ("Drug Fact Sheet: GHB"). This
means the user may not be able to realize how fast or slow the time is going or even know if what
they are seeing or hearing is actually real. If a person starts to take large enough doses, they will
begin to start seeing delusions and hallucinations. These

The Influence Of LSD In Music
"I stumbled upon the philosopher's stone, I had the veil of illusion pulled back, and was confronted
by the levels of energy and many realms of consciousness which were available to man. I opened
the Pandora's box of multiple realities."– Timothy Leary. Timothy Leary was a huge influence to the
acid movement. He was formally a psychiatrist, but believe d that psychedelic drugs could help
patients with disorders such as anxiety, depression, mood swings. He is important to the 60's. He
plays a key role in psychedelic rock because he was very involved in the whole scene. No other
music could make you feel the way psychedelic rock can. It's as if the music just flows right through
your body, taking you to places you've never been inside your mind, ... Show more content on
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She was well known for her distinct, raspy voice. Many people express disapproval of her, but
honestly, she had real capacity. She was one of the substantial female stars in her lifetime, and there
weren't many recognized female artists in the 60's. One really needs to give her credit, despite her
controversial personal life of moving from man to man, and being a lesbian at one point. In my eyes,
she was just confused, depressed, and seriously needed help. Her death in 1974 was harrowing, and
I wish she could've lived longer to make more beautiful music. Her songs have a lot of emotion and
soul in her voice and it's so pleasing to the

Lsd Research Paper
Often times, Individuals associate drugs with having side effects such as hallucination. This can be
considered true with a hallucinogenic drug named Lysergic acid diethylamide which is also known
as "LSD". LSD is a drug produced in laboratories in crystal form and is then liquefied for
distribution (Foundation for a Drug–Free World). This drug has had rife side effects overall since it's
existence to mankind. LSD is known for being extremely potent as well as creating mood changes
(Foundation for a Drug–Free World). LSD taken in large doses often result in delusions, visual
hallucinations, sizes and shapes of objects become distorted as well as movements, colors, and
sounds (Foundation for a Drug–Free World). The drug consists of negative ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The study was based on the suggestion that psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD, changes the
semantic processing in the brain. The study used 10 participants under the influence of LSD and a
placebo. By using picture–naming tasks, the researchers test the participants' accuracy and error
correction. The results concluded that LSD had an effect on the accuracy and error correction on the
participants. (Family et al.) The results that the research presented was very thorough, which
included many graphs, tables, and error margins. However, the journal article; although correct in its
conclusion, simplified the results to an extreme that diluted the great effort the researchers went
through. Furthermore, the journal did not include any of the figures or errors that were in the
research, thus leading the reader to believe that the conclusion of that research is concrete fact.
Therefore, the conclusion of the journal article and the research differ in that, the research state, that
more tests and follow–ups are needed, as well as a more in–depth scientific analysis; whereas the
journal article's conclusion stated that information as facts, and not a set of information that needs
further

Lsd Research Paper
Psychedelic Drugs as Treatment for Psychological Ailments
Vikash Budhan
Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey
Professor Kasia Bieszczad
Abstract
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide commonly known as LSD–25 first appeared in the scientific literature
in 1943. "Lysergic acid diethylamide is a hallucinogen derived from lysergic acid, a constituent of
ergot alkaloids. It has consciousness–expanding effects and is capable of producing a state of mind
in which there are hallucinations (false sense perceptions)" (Medical Dictionary). Humphry Osmond
was a psychiatrist who believed that hallucinogenic drugs may be beneficial in treating mental
illness. He investigated d–lysergic acid diethylamide, Osmond noticed that LSD ... Show more
LSD therapy peaked in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and was widely measured as a medical
treatment in psychiatry which could surpass electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery. There
were two forms of LSD therapy that then became popular. One called psychedelic therapy, was
based on Osmond and Hoffer's work, and involved a single large dose of LSD alongside
psychotherapy. Osmond and Hoffer believed that hallucinogens are therapeutically beneficial
because its ability to make patients view their condition from a fresh perspective. The other therapy,
called psycholytic therapy was based on another scientist known as Ronald Sandison. Sandison's
therapy was the administration of several smaller doses, increasing in size, as adjunct to
psychoanalysis. Sandison's clinical observations led him to believe that LSD can aid psychotherapy
by inducing dream–like hallucinations that reflected the patient's unconscious mind and enabling
them to relive long–lost

The Mysterious LSD Essay
Since the 1930's lysergic acid diethylamide, also known as the hallucinogen LSD, has been a topic
of controversy and mystery. The components of LSD are lysergic acid and diethylamide. As part of
the ergoline family, LSD is often classified as a synthetic drug because it is produced only in a
laboratory (Petechuk 10). Users of LSD are people from solid middle– and upper–class
backgrounds. They have many opportunities to pursue higher education and to have successful
careers (Petechuk 9). To most, this statistic would seem unusual, but LSD is notorious for giving
keen insights to life, which is the main interest for its atypical consumers. Another attraction of the
drug is its lack of addictive properties. Addiction is a recurrence for ... Show more content on
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Dr. Hofmann recorded his accidental high and said, At home I lay down and sank into a not
unpleasant intoxicated–like condition, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination in a
dreamlike state, with eyes closed (I found daylight to be glaring), I perceived an uninterrupted
stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of colors. After
some two hours this condition faded away. (quoted in Petechuk 13) Three days later, Hofmann
decided to test out his research again. He took 0.25 milligrams of LSD, this time on purpose. This is
a very small dose in comparison to the dosages required for other drugs. After taking the LSD,
Hofmann experienced unusual sensory experiences, not all of them were pleasant. He then knew
that this drug was very powerful (Petechuk 13). "Between the second World War, when Dr. Albert
Hofmann accidentally got high with his invention of LSD, and in the late '60s there were thousands
of studies conducted by medical and psychiatric researchers looking into the therapeutic benefits of
psychedelic drugs" (Antonia). Hofmann's experiments had opened the minds of many scientists,
making them curious as to what LSD could potentially have in store for the future of medicine. "The
extraordinary mental effects of LSD described in 1943 by Hofmann prompted hope in the following
two decades that a powerful therapeutic tool was at

What Is LSD?
Humans are hungry for experience. There are many people who risk their lives participating in
activities such as skydiving, mountain climbing, and scuba diving simply looking for thrills.
Interestingly enough, these thrill seeking activities and the act of ingesting lysergic acid
diethylamide, or LSD, share a lot in common. Each is seen as a form of exploration that opens new
vistas. Participants often find the activity enormously stimulating and inspiring. Each activity poses
a small but significant risk of serious personal harm, death in one and aggravation of pre–existing
states of mental instability for the other. Untrained, unsupervised use of unchecked substances or
equipment are ill–advised in both cases. However, one of these cases ... Show more content on
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Newly unclassified information has uncovered the MK–ULTRA covert operation. The operation
lasted from 1953 to 1964. During the operation, the CIA performed a plethora of unethical drug
tests. The US government believed that communist Russia, North Korea, and China were using the
drug to brainwash captured Americans (Szalavitz.) So, incredibly, they decided to slip LSD secretly
to Americans – at the beach, in city bars, at restaurants. For a decade, the CIA conducted completely
uncontrolled tests in which they drugged people unknowingly, then followed and watched them
without intervening. After failing to reveal any mind–controlling properties, the experiments were
eventually brought to a

Lsd Research Paper
LSD is the most common hallucinogen and is one of the most potent mood–changing chemicals. It
is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other
grains. LSD is odorless, colorless, and has a slightly bitter taste. Known as "acid" and by many other
names, LSD is sold on the street in small tablets capsules or gelatin squares. It is sometimes added
to absorbent paper, which is then divided into small squares decorated with designs or cartoon
characters ("loony toons"). Occasionally it is sold in liquid form. But no matter what form it comes
in, LSD leads the user to the same place–a serious disconnection from reality. It is a Hallucinogen
that puts you in a state of mind that can be difficult to comprehend to someone who is not currently
under the influence of LSD. (Hallucinogens are drugs that cause hallucinations. Users see images,
hear sounds and feel sensations that seem very real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also
produce sudden and unpredictable changes in the mood of those who use them.) The effects of LSD
is unpredictable. It depends on the amount taken, the environment, and the attitude or personality of
the individual consuming it to define how to the trip will be. It can be either one of the best
experiences of your life, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is derived from ergot, a fungus that grows on certain grains, and a non–organic chemical called
diethylamide. LSD over stimulates serotonin in the cortex and deep structures of the brain, causing
alterations in sensory perception, mood and thought patterns. These alterations appear as
hallucinations, or sensations that seem real but are created by the mind. Often referred to as
"figments of the imagination," these perceptions can involve all or only one of the five senses. LSD
primarily causes visual hallucinations such as distorted colors and

The Pros And Cons Of LSD
This article revisits events occurring 12 to 25 years ago. The events harsh and heartbreaking; the
government used drugs and chemicals to control innocent people. The CIA , responsible for the after
damage after found guilty for domestic testing by the church committees inquiries.
PROJECT PAPERCLIP DECLASSIFIED
1977, Central Intelligence Agency , after an almost month long court proceeding led in part by
Senator Ted Kennedy provided answers to questions related to a 12–25 year undercover experiment
, "Heroin addicts were enticed into participating in LSD experiments in order to get a reward ––
heroin".
Project Mk ultra the CIA's program of mind control and behavior techniques. Our CIA bribed
people into torture and interrogation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had these inquiries since world war 2.
President Harry S. Truman declared to bring the Nazi scientist over after World War 2 because
United States wanted to test the new interrogation and didn't want the Soviets to have that kind of
brain power.
"The CIA's failure to inform the army of a death which resulted a surreptitious administration of
LSD to unwitting Americans, may well have resulted in the institutions of an unnecessary and
potentially lethal program". LSD not only responsible for the deaths of Dr.Olson but also one's on
military test subjects.
Prisoners were test subjects for LSD and only got to do it after a physical examination and general
consent form. " As a reward for participation in the program the addicts were provided with the drug
of their addiction".
A former employee of the intelligence John Gittinger says "LSD. And i can't remember for sure
many of the others, what is the substance of marihuana and cannabis, is that right that can be
delivered other than by smoking"? The substance they used to make them hallucinate through
integrations not only just

Lsd Synthesis
There are many hallucinogens including plants and fungus, however, there are many synthesized
hallucinogens as well. This paper will be focusing on the synthesized hallucinogen called Lysergic
acid diethylamide (LSD). This drug is not coming from a natural plant because it was "first
synthesized in 1938, is an extremely potent hallucinogen. It is manufactured from lysergic acid,
which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains" (Anderson, 2014). Compare to
other drugs, LSD is not as addictive, but this drug has negative psychological side effects as well.
The history of LSD starts with a chemist named Albert Hofmann, 1938; while working with Sandoz
Pharmaceutical synthesized, he was looking for a blood stimulant ("The Truth",

Gasser And LSD
LSD has been studied for decades and the research has produced mixed results. For a lot of
individuals, this psychedelic is relaxing and eye–opening. For others, it leaves devastating side
effects like flashbacks and an increase in anxiety. Scholarly conversation has changed over the
years, yet all came to the same conclusion: LSD can be useful in psychotherapy and treatment of
PTSD, but not on everybody. Peter Gasser and his colleagues conducted an experiment on patients
with terminal illness who either had been diagnosed with depression or anxiety (interrelated
illnesses). Gasser used LSD as the medication in this study to determine its effects on the anxiety of
the subjects. The experiment was a double–blind procedure with two treatment ... Show more
They tested the effects of LSD on individuals and evaluated its mid to long term results. The
experiment was not double–blind but the participants were not aware of which drug was
administered to them. There were two sessions separating dosing by two weeks. Each participant
received LSD one week and a placebo the other. After the initial ingestion participants most highly
ranked "cognitive delusion" as an effect, which was reflected in their Psychological Screening
Inventories (PSI). However, reporting back after two weeks tests showed that the participants'
optimism had increased. Carhart–Harris addresses the paradoxical nature of the hallucinogen by
stating "Based on the PSI results, one might infer that participants' acute LSD experiences were
dominated by unpleasant psychosis–like phenomena; however, this was not the case. Some
volunteers did show frank psychotic phenomena during their LSD experiences (e.g. paranoid and
delusional thinking) but at the group level, positive mood was more common." In fact, as he
mentions, the group had higher scores on the test rating their time as a "blissful experience" in
comparison to the lower amount of anxiety scores. However, Carhart–Harris does point out that
anxiety did somewhat increase in participants under the drug, but was reported less of a sensation
than the peacefulness, "Although still significantly increased, the factor 'anxiety' was the least

LSD: An Analysis
Following the discovery of LSD in 1943 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann, it did not take too long
for people to realize the power and promise of the drug (MacDonald, 1995). It was the first time
ever that radically consciousness–altering drugs were available to and consumed by millions in an
industrial society (Johnson, 2011). Already by the early sixties, the youth countercultures in
California –especially in San Francisco– had embraced the use of psychedelic drugs, with the first
major underground LSD factory created by Owsley Stanley (Johnson, 2011). And yet, though
elements within psychedelia's penumbra had projects and believed in particular aims and values,
according to Grunenberg & Harris (2005), psychedelia was not a movement, it was a mind
manifesting experience that stimulated artists to create a new artistic style.
Around 1964 the Merry Pranksters, a nonchalant group that developed around novelist Ken Kesey,
sponsored the 'Acid Tests', a series of parties held by Kesey in the San Francisco area, and which
were entirely centered on the use of LSD (supplied by Stanley) (Class). Accompanied by light
shows, film projection, and discordant; musical performances by the Grateful Dead were a
commonplace (Class). According to Johnson (2011), Kesey regarded the Acid Tests as more than
just a form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this context, bands like the Pranksters helped to popularize LSD use, thanks to their road trips
across America in a "psychedelically–decorated converted school bus" –which was highly related to
drug distribution, as well as and meeting major figures of the beat movement– and through
publications about their activities, like Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool–Aid Acid Test (1968) (De
Crescenzo & Duncan,

Merry Pranksters And The LSD
When hear the name Merry Pranksters what comes to your mind? Let me guess a group of young
individuals dressed in a joker costume running around throwing water balloons from roof tops or
shaking hands with strangers to taze them. Merry Pranksters were not exactly known for doing that,
but they were group of young adults who did pranks with LSD. For instance, they mixed LSD in a
bowl of Kool–Aid in their parties to get their guests high and this was known as Electric Kool–Aid
Test. "In the 1960s, heroes of the counterculture –– Timothy Leary, Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters,
the Beatles and the Grateful Dead –– embraced the practice of dropping acid, viewing it as a great
way to party and as the path to a higher consciousness" (Ross). At the same time, in the sixties
violence was prevalent from Vietnam War, to protesters rebelling against the government and U.S.
was at a brink of starting World War 3 with the Soviet Union. As a result, this made the American
people pessimistic about their future, so they began to take LSD and drugs. We can see things in
today's culture that were partially inspired by the Merry Pranksters, such as using LSD in order to be
connect with the self, two distinct groups of LSD users and the revival of psychedelic movement.
Merry Pranksters were famous for using LSD and they used higher doses of LSD because they felt
that they were in touch with the nature spiritually and it also gave them sensations that they never
felt before. In reality, LSD is a

Lsd Essay
LSD is an intensive debilitating drug commonly known for its mind–altering effects on both human
beings and animal species. It is associated with images vivid in colour and distorted in shape, as
well as several famous persons including guitarist Jimmy Hendrix and innovator Steve Jobs. LSD is
the most widely used and known alternate name for this drug, and for several good reasons. Its
scientific name, Lysergic acid diethylamide, is a bit daunting. However, if you want a real mouthful,
try pronouncing its IUPAC name: 9,10–didehydro–N,N–diethyl–6–methylergoline–8β–
carboxamide. Alternate names for this drug include purple haze, electric kool–aid, acid, tabs, looney
toons, and boomers, according to the National Drug Intelligence Center. These ... Show more
Like most amides, LSD is a very polar molecule and exhibits all three intermolecular forces:
hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole bonding, and London dispersion forces. As a result of said
polarity, LSD is water soluble because like dissolves like; both water and LSD are polar, enabling
LSD to be soluble in water and other polar liquids. However, because this drug is rather large, it is
not as soluble as smaller amides because most of the molecule is non–polar; only the functional
groups/organic families exhibit the polar properties. Another one of it's various properties is how
LSD is solid at room temperature and has a relatively high melting point of 82.5 °C. The size of this
molecule, along with hydrogen bonding, is what accounts for this high melting point. In its physical
form, LSD is colourless and odourless; the colourful patterns and designs seen on blotting papers
and pills containing this drug are added post–production to showcase one of the mental effects of
LSD which is described in further detail under Human

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
1. What is the agent? (LSD)
LSD, d–lysergic acid diethylamide, is one of the most potent hallucinations (1–11). Since LSD has
the similar chemical structures with serotonin (5–hydroxytrypatamine), it can work as an agonist on
serotonergic receptors (1) to trigger various forms of toxic effects including altered affective states,
delusions, auditor and/or visual hallucination, paranoids, and detachment from reality (8). LSD is a
semi–synthesized drug since it is the result of the combination of naturally occurring substance and
artificially manufactured chemicals (3). Lysergic acid is the natural component, deriving from a
fungus, called ergot growing on grains, such as rye and wheat, and diethylamide is a synthesized
non–organic chemical (3).
The chemical formula of LSD is C20H25N3O, and its molecular weight is approximately 323.432
g/mol (10). According to the chemical structure showing in the aforementioned resource, LSD is a
small molecule with neutral charge (10). Due to two facts that LSD works as an agonist on
serotonergic receptors in central nervous system and it can be absorbed by the manner of dermal
exposure, it is reasonable to infer that LSD is lipophilic drug and it can easily cross blood brain
barrier and placenta (10).
Albert Hofmann, a Swiss ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the major effect of LSD is to alter normal consciousness, such as hallucination and hyperactive
or euphoria (6,7, 8 &10). So, central nervous system is one of its targets, and LSD needs to enter
BBB. Secondly, LSD can be metabolized by animal's organ system, possibly by liver, and its
metabolites, such as N–desmethyl– LSD, 2–oxo–LSD, 2–oxo–3–hydorxy–LSD and hydroxy–LSD,
are usually inactive (8 & 10). In other words, LSD can be possibly detoxified by first–pass
metabolism, and in order to have toxic effects on CNS, it has to pass BBB and directly work on

Have You Dropped Acid During The American Counterculture...
"Have you 'turned on'? Are You Experienced? Have you passed the Acid Test?" (Stephenson 41). All
three of these questions ultimately asking the same question during the American counterculture
movement: Have you dropped acid? The counterculture movement was a time of new ideas, self–
expression, and change. Traditional values of America were questioned and the norm was not the
norm anymore. Women began to challenge the role of traditional housewife with some women and
men dropping out of society all together. Groups of hippies started to form that embraced a
completely new lifestyle including growing long hair, wearing tie dye shirts, and consuming LSD.
Starting at the center of the counterculture movement, Haight–Ashbury in San Francisco, the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And some people have very transcendental experiences where trippers get the feeling "as if their
psyches were opened up by a bolt from above or within, as a roiling wave of stimuli floods their
sensorium to the point of overflow" (Hayes 82). Each individual has a unique experience that is
unlike any of the others. As acid became more and more prevalent, communities with new ideas
formed and began to evolve the ideas of the 1960s.
One of the leaders of the pro–LSD movement, Timothy Leary, knew that the drug could change
society. The strong inquisition that arises while tripping led to a shift in thinking about the culture
the people resided in. They started drifting away from the uniformity of the 50s and found
themselves expressing what they truly wanted. Leary agrees with this idea:
The fact is that, in terms of human evolution, people not on psychedelics are not fully human.
They've fallen to a lower state, where they're easily programmed, boundary defined, obsessed by
sexual possessiveness which is transferred into fetishism and object obsession. We don't want too
many citizens asking where the power and the money really goes. Informed by psychedelics, people
might stop saluting. "Take your political party, your job, whatever, and shove

Lsd Pros And Cons
If you were to guess a disease one in five American citizens suffer from, what would be the first
condition that comes to mind? Heart disease? Diabetes? The truth is, according to the National
Institute on Mental Health, 43.4 million people live with mental illness in the United States, a
staggering number that is almost equal to those diagnosed with heart disease or diabetes combined.1
Untreated, people with mental illness run the risk of losing their jobs, developing other chronic
diseases in the future, or increasing the chance of suicide. Given this surmounting need, scientists
are continuously researching new ways to offer hope and relief to the millions of people coping with
this illness every day. Although their recreational use was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A variety of studies have shown to exemplify the usefulness of marijuana, although it is still highly
monitored by the Drug Enforcement Administration. Published in the American Chemical Society
journal, new findings show how the active ingredient, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can inhibit
amyloid –peptide, a plaque buildup that has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, a neurological
disorder that is expected to rise as the population ages.13 Furthermore, marijuana has been linked to
alleviating pain for those with HIV, cancer, and arthritis, in addition to helping soldiers cope with
PTSD.14 As more and more states now vote to push for legalization of marijuana for at least
medicinal purposes, the new attitude towards drugs seems to be pushing scientists to create more
natural, yet still effective,

LSD In The 1960's
The 1960's began a new Psychedelic Era. It was filled with hippies who is someone who is free
spirited who usually is under the influence of some kind of drug. In most cases, these drugs would
be marijuana or some kind of hallucinogenic drugs like LSD, or psilocybin mushrooms. Pot was
illegal in the United States for ages before the sixties. However, LSD Changes were brought to the
decade because of the uses of these drugs. Including the way people acted, their outlook on society
and
Major culture differences emerge in the 1960's when being compared to the 1950's. Children of the
sixties wanted to rebel against society for equal rights. Equal rights that would include more
freedom for African Americans and women's rights. These would be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It later transformed into what would be called psychedelic rock.
Experimenting with marijuana and LSD became an active attribute to the lives of teenagers. Drugs
let them disconnect from their parents and live freely for a period of time. There has been a survey
done to show relatively the amount of students in school who had taken pot and acid;
"By 1969, 31 percent of students said they had smoked pot, and between 10 and 15 percent had
experimented with LSD. At least 10 to 12 million smoked marijuana and between 1 and 2 million
dropped acid." (Bromell, Tomorrow Never Knows)
Music and hippies are two ideal images that come to mind when hearing about the 1960's. It is no
surprise, the majority of the popular music was composed by those hippies. Marijuana was being
used by major musicians in the early to mid sixties.
1964 was a year that paved the way for music history. It was the first time that The Beatles smoked
pot, being introduced to it by Bob Dylan. In the next year, Dylan released his iconic album Highway
61 Revisited. This erupted into the psychedelic mindset of teenagers and adults. Having his albums
be heavily influenced by the use of pot lead the way for the future of folk and rock n' roll music.
Having marijuana offer an insight into the musician's own mind and expand their creative abilities
into realms and thoughts they never knew

Lsd Research Paper
LSD Research: Does LSD have a medical purpose? Lysergic acid diethylamide, More commonly
known as LSD–25 or simply, LSD was first synthesized by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the
Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland on November 16th 1938. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug
which affects the nervous system. Hofmann discovered the drug 5 years before the psychedelic
properties were known, as on The drug is ingested in many different ways, it can be absorbed
through the skin (however very uncommon and less effective), taken orally or absorbed through the
eye or ear (very impractical and uncommon), however the most popular way of taking the drug is to
be absorbed orally through tiny "Blotter" paper tablets no bigger than the size of your fingernail. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Haislip, a deputy assistant administrator of the DEA, However there has only been one recorded
death due to the use of LSD. There however is one solid thing LSD users will never have to fear and
that is addiction. LSD has been scientifically proven to be physically non addicting any any way,
However one can become mentally addicted which is not severe and can be treated. It is very rare
that anyone would have any major issues with mental addiction. Stanislav Grof was one of the
leading researchers on the therapeutic applications of LSD in the 1950s and '60s. He studied the
effect of hallucinogens on mental disorders, including addiction. But after the illegalization and
movement to a schedule 1 drug in the late 60s, Grof abandoned his research. Nancy Reagan was no
help to research in the 80s with the "Just say no" campaign as it prompted more fear and a bigger
taboo ego for the drugs status in society and more fear of research due to all of the new regulations /
restrictions to research the drug. No one wanted to go through all of the requirements. Use of the
drug rapidly declined until the early 90s where it picked up again and the opportunity for more
research possible because it gave more light on research for small research companies all over the
country. In the early 2000s in light of the many researches being done, a company picked up Grofs
research. The main idea of this new start on research was to see how Depression and anxiety in
cancer and terminally ill patients. It helps them cope with their inevitable death and some are even
said to full on accept death and show no fear after. One major thing that LSD is being tested to help
is a disorder called a Cluster headache" also called a "Suicide headache" These headaches are said to
be some of the most painful headaches imaginable, they get their name from the agony and
unbearable pain, some report wanting "to

Essay On LSD
Research in the field of cognitive neuroscience regarding the effect of certain psychedelic drugs on
semantic activation has produced somewhat contradicting results. For some studies, as mentioned by
the Neiloufar Family et al. (2016), an increase in semantic associations and focus has been found.
Other studies, such as that of Spitzer et al. (1996) that served as a reference for the study conducted
by the Neiloufar Family et al. (2016), found an enhancing effect on the indirect semantic priming in
the drugged individuals, as well as more unpredictable psychological functioning and brain activity.
The Neiloufar Family et al. attempted to replicate this effect of spreading semantic activation within
participants that were under the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What was meant by this is that these errors and self–corrections can reveal the relations between the
actual picture content and the individuals thought processes (e.g. if the image was of a hat but the
individual answered with the word "head", a near relationship is shown). The results of this
experiment suggest a link between the effects of psychedelics, such as LSD, and an increased spread
of semantic activation that leads to a generalizing effect. The ability to use precise and specific
language in identification became more difficult for the individuals. Although the overall accuracy
of the individuals within the task was quite high, the errors and self–corrections allowed for the
conclusion that a more generalized activation of semantic areas was present. The small sample size
within this experiment does not allow for sufficient generalizations among individuals in the
population. As was mentioned within the limitations of the study (Neiloufar Family et al., 2016), a
more consistent time interval between injection and task onset should be incorporated to control for
"peak" drug effects and performance within that time frame. An overall more structured time
schedule for this type of experiment could be beneficial in gaining a more accurate time log of the
effects of the drug. Neuroimaging equipment, such as an

Lsd Research Paper
What was it about the 1960's that prompted the widespread use of these drugs especially LSD? The
widespread use of the drug LSD was formally introduced by Albert Hofmann, a well known chemist
that was working in the Sandoz Pharamaceutical around 1938, in hopes of creating a blood
stimulant. The stimulant however, had hallucinogenic effects in which were discovered until 1943
when Hofmann aciddentally consumed LSD. Finding that an oral dose of little as twenty–five
micrograms is capable of producing hallucinations. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) was
popularized in the 1960s by many individuals and Psychologist Timothy Leary, who convinced
students to "turn on, tune in, and drop". This phrase created an entire counterculture of the

LSD an the Sixties Generation
Is it acceptable for one individual or a group of individuals to come together and fight for a common
cause? Or are they just seen as young people who are too high on drugs who do not know what is
actually going on in the world today? Throughout the 1960's there was a new generation emerging, a
generation that demanded change and fought for this change when it did not happen. Even though
there was an influence of drugs on this young generation it did not mean they were any less capable
to stand up and fight for what they believed in. Many of these young individuals had these
revolutionary and spiritual thoughts while they were on mind–altering drugs. They believed that
they one day could change the world they lived in. Many people associate the 1960's with drug use
and assume it was just a hedonistic search for personal happiness. Given the larger context, with so
many social movements and challenges to the status quo floating around, could it have been more
than that?
Within the 1960's a new form of drug was created and was said to be an essential pharmaceutical
that should be in every doctor's bag. This drug was called lysergic acid diethylamide, but is more
commonly know as LSD. Albert Hofmann, as Swiss chemist, created this new drug in hopes that he
might have found a profitable analeptic that could cure migraines. However, this was not the case.
Hofmann decided to dose himself with the drug to see if it would help subdue headaches. He
quickly discovered that this new

LSD Synthesis Essay
Ever since the beginning of Nixon's War on Drugs, psychoactive substances have been given a bad
rap. This is especially true for psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin (the psychoactive compound found
in magic mushrooms), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and of course the list could go on and on. But as
research has recently begun again on these compounds, scientists are finding more and more reason
for these substances to be reevaluated. In addition to helping with anxiety and depression,
psychedelics are today most well known for their effects on the brain's creativity levels. In light of
this, should psychedelics be evaluated and considered for legal use in society, as a tool for all of us,
and especially artists, to increase our creativity? The Birth of LSD Albert Hofmann was a German
scientist who began working at the Sandoz Pharmaceuticals research laboratory in Basel,
Switzerland, in 1929. According to his own writing in "The Discovery of LSD and Subsequent
Investigations on Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens," he had been working on various
pharmaceutical substances, extracted from ergot fungus. He discovered drugs that lowered blood
pressure, and others that increased brain function in the elderly, from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Alex Grey is one of the most well–known psychedelic artists of the modern age. Grey studied and
worked at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. He also worked for five years at the
Harvard Medical School preparing cadavers while studying anatomy, and afterwards taught Artistic
Anatomy and Figure Sculpture at New York University for ten years. He is open about his active
and previous use of LSD, and how it has affected not only his life in general, but specifically his
approach to his artwork and how it affects his creative

Lsd Research Papers
The researchers conducted their study at the alcoholic unit of the New Jersey Neuro–Psychiatric
Institute at Princeton, New Jersey. Participants were recruited by offering patients admitted to the
institute the opportunity to take part in the experimental LSD program. A total of 28 alcoholics were
admitted to the program, and their results were compared to that of a group of 34 alcoholics who
took part in a standard comparison program provided by the Alcoholic Unit. Details about the
patients were recorded such as their ethnic background, age, and marital status. Subjects were
placed into groups of four. The first week was structured as an orientation week, and at the end of
the week, two of the members were randomly chosen to be administered ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was done through various methods including the writing of an autobiography describing their
past and present, delivering monologues regarding their views of people around them including
themselves, and questionnaires about their experience with LSD/their attitudes about their lives.
During each day that the experiment occurred, at 12:00 pm a research psychiatrist would walk
around and talk with the subjects who had received LSD to ask what they saw in the prints on the
wall of the room they were in and to talk about their feelings and ideas. At 2:00 pm until about 4:30
pm a group therapy session would be conducted involving all alcoholics from both groups
regardless of if they had been administered LSD that day or not. In these sessions a research
psychiatrist and/or a sociologist would be present, but largely the purpose of the group was to allow
a highly structured but leaderless conversation to occur between the alcoholics in the program.
Aside from these group therapy sessions, the subjects who received LSD were isolated in a safe
room where they could be

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Research Paper
If you ever wanted to follow Alice's path down the rabbit hole the quickest way there is with
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, otherwise known as LSD. To the general population it's simply a taboo
drug that runs the risk of making the user absolutely bonkers. It is a very mysterious substance that
does expand consciousness and understanding life, your own mind and the world at large, but
should be used under great care and supervision. Initially it was used by the CIA in controversial
and quite mysterious means. Many have claimed to have spiritual awakenings from the drug and
even the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, Bill Wilson, felt it could be used for those suffering
from alcoholism, addiction and even simply depression to reach the step of finding a higher power.
Through research and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its origins are just as controversial and mysterious as the drug itself. It spawned a whole new
movement and possibly could be attributed to changing the world by changing mind frames and
perspectives.
LSD is undoubtedly an extremely powerful substance. For the inexperienced user it can create a
world of mass confusion and fear. It is a substance that should be used only under the safest and
secure conditions. It takes advantage of some of the normal processes of the brain by releasing and
detecting certain chemicals termed neurotransmitters. With LSD, it's most important sites are
receptors of the neurotransmitter, serotonin, which is responsible for controlling behavior, mood,
sleep, appetite and blood flow (Strange). It has psychotomimetic actions that mimic the symptoms
of psychosis, including delusions and/ or delirium as opposed to just have only hallucinations
(Wikipedia). The effects of LSD are unpredictable because the user's sense of reality and correct
perception of the environment is greatly altered and skewed. The changes can have traumatic or
euphoric effect

Lsd Subculture In The 1960s
In 1966 Great Britain, several art forms began to spring up within the LSD subculture, and music
and art were being produced and performed. As Andy Roberts puts states, the environment "was
being created by LSD users for the LSD user." [18] Most musicians and artist used LSD to open up
creative pathways for writing and creating art and used lyrics and artwork to express their rebellious
and dissatisfaction with the government. LSD was common among psychedelic rock artists such as
The Beatles, Jefferson Airplane, Pink Floyd and the Grateful Dead among others; this helped in
increasing the popularity of LSD during the 1960s. Musicians in America were writing songs about
social protest and anti–war, due to roaring voices of the youth expressing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
[19] Although they created a more mellow genre, their lyrics voiced their disapproving opinion of
society as some musician and bands did. Music greatly affected the minds of young people and once
they caught a wind about LSD, they wanted to know more and find another escape from rigid
society and new avenues of self–expression. The media explained to the younger generation what
LSD is and how it could help enhance the free and rebellious lifestyle they wanted so desperately to
be a part of, so users began to use LSD to enhance their senses and experiences, just like musicians
had been doing. The experience created another sense of community and belonging which the youth
of the counterculture had always wanted. Britain and American influenced each other in the LSD
music scene. Psychic expressions of art, design, and performance flooded London and its
Underground art scene, just like in New York. [20] Halls in London filled with artist, poets, and
musicians expressing themselves and opinions about the world, and some were using LSD to help
reach a deeper contention themselves and their

Lsd Environmental Effects
When observing LSD's impact on human health, one would expect the environmental impact of this
drug to be equally as detrimental. This, however, is not the case. LSD poses very little harm on the
environment; there are almost no consequences of this drug escaping into the ecosystem. If leaked
into large water streams, LSD's solubility enables it to disperse enough that it has insignificant
repercussions on aquatic life. If leaked into lakes or ponds, LSD poses more of a treat onto aquatic
life, but not a deadly one. As stated in commercial uses, water concentrated with LSD has no
negative physical effects on fish other than making them surface. However, because amides like
LSD contain alkaline/basic properties, the drug retains the ability of making the Ph of water more
basic. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, thanks to our carbon emissions contributing to acid rain, waters that are too basic
naturally neutralize due to this harmful type of rainfall, thus fish and other types of aquatic life are
not usually effected for long by basic waters. For these reasons, LSD leeching into waters is not as
big of a deal as it may seem. Furthermore, if someone were to say drop a couple "blotters" on the
ground and several animals got a hold of them, the animals would not die or become harmed in
anyway. Several studies of the effects of LSD on cats, dogs, mice, and even elephants show no
adverse results on their physical bodies, including metabolism or brain damage; all was "good in the
hood" as modern young adults say. The only difference in these animals was their behavior. The
animals on LSD showcased hyper and playful conduct, and only few showcased aggressive
behaviors. Therefore, if wildlife somehow got a hold of some LSD, the most that would happen is
hyperactivity. If the animal Is prey, however, tripping on LSD causes them to be more vulnerable to
predators, allowing them to be easy targets for a good

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