Reflection Paper On Special Education

Reflection Paper On Special Education
For my observation, I was at Randolph Elementary in Ms. Heim's fifth grade class. I spent two and a half hours, twice a week, for three weeks at
Randolph. Throughout my time at Randolph, I was able to observe many different exceptionalities. Because each of the fifth grade teachers teach a
particular subject, the students rotate between classrooms for instruction. This allowed me to observe students in two of the classes. I was there
during their writing/spelling time. I was able to observe Ms. Heim's class for an hour a half each day I was there and Ms. Thompson's class for an hour
every day I was there. There were seven students I was able to observe, all with different exceptionalities. During the first couple days of my
observation, I was unable to identify the students in Ms. Heim's class that had any exceptionalities. It wasn't until one day that Ms. Heim was gone that
I noticed a student, Eddie, had a behavior problem. Eddie was acting out and calling the special education teachers names because he did not want to
go to the resource room for math. After discussing this with Ms. Heim the next day, I found out that Eddie does not like change. I also learned that
Eddie has an IEP for behavior problems and learning disabilities. Ms. Heim said Eddie's learning disabilities and behavior problems came from a
brain injury when he was younger and because he has had a very rough childhood. I also learned that when the fifth grade teachers met before the
school year started to
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Education In Special Education
Special education is student centered where the needs of the student come before the disability of the student. Special education teachers create their
classroom and instruction based on who their students are and what services they need in order to be successful in their learning. Merriam–Webster
(2015) defines special education as classrooms and instruction designed for students with special needs. Special education is a service provided by
public schools to students who require additional support through specialized instruction, class materials, and/or changes in their learning environment
in order for them to meet their learning objectives.
Special education teachers maintain challenging expectations for individuals with exceptionalities to develop the highest possible learning outcomes
and quality of life potential in ways that respect their dignity, culture, language, and background. Special education allows students to receive
personalized instruction in their least restrictive learning environment to their specific needs based on their disabilities. Students with disabilities who
receive their education through special education services are equipped with the skills and knowledge needed to become successful in their future
education or careers after high school. Teaching students who require additional support due to their disabilities in order to learn the general curriculum
involve teachers to facilitate differentiation instruction throughout the classroom.

Special Education
From the first day a child is born, parents are there to nurture their child, to support them as they grow and develop. There is a lot to learn about
raising a child under normal circumstances, but when a child has special needs parents must learn this whole new language of medical and special
education terms (Overton, 2005). Parents enter this new world where navigating for the best interest of their child is riddled with challenges and
obstacles that they need to somehow overcome. This is especially true when parents are dealing with the special education program in their child's
school.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities (Smith, Hilton, ...
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What are these special needs, which qualify a student to be considered for special education? Firstly, students with challenges in learning have to be
considered. In a normal class, there could students who find it hard to learn because of some reasons. Such students need specialized attention so that
they are not disadvantaged in the learning process.
When writing special education essays, it is also important to address the issue of communication challenges. These challenges occurs because of poor
proficiency in the language being used, thus causing a communication barrier.
The commonest factor is physical disabilities. Students with disabilities require specialized education for them to gain knowledge and become
productive in the society. These disabilities may include hearing and sight problems. They may also have deformed limbs, as a result of natural birth or
accidents. Additionally, students with emotional, behavioral, and developmental disorders require special education.
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Special Needs In Special Education
Every student is "special needs" to some existent, meaning every child is different and they all learn different ways. However, some students do have
serious learning disabilities. As a teacher, it is important to be able to meet the needs of every child in a classroom. Teachers will encounter diverse
groups of students, some will learn very quickly, other may have a slight learning disability, and some may have serious health problems or other
disabilities. After my field experience, I learned the importance of being able to connect and work with all students. The article also helped to break
down what special needs children look and act like and what additional assistance they may need.
During my field experience, I observed a sixth–grade class with several students who were part of the special education program. There was a
paraprofessional assigned to the classroom to help out these students. However, she was not able to help all of the students by herself. I felt my
cooperating teaching did not try her best to meet the needs of these students. She seemed to act like they were not her responsibility because they
were special needs, and the para was in charge of them. Many times, she expected them to be able to do the same work as the other students and at
the same pace. It was clear they were struggling, but instead of helping them she would get frustrated and upset with them. I know special needs
children are capable of doing some work and I believe it is okay to

Disadvantages Of Special Education
INTRODUCTION
The definition of "special education" in the encyclopaedia of children's health declares:
"Special education refers to a range of educational and social services provided by the public school system and other educational institutions to
individuals with disabilities who are between three and 21 years of age. Special education is designed to ensure that students with disabilities are
provided with an environment that allows them to be educated effectively. Disabilities that qualify for special education include physical disabilities,
such as deafness or blindness; mental disabilities, such as Down's syndrome and autism ; medical conditions, such as oxygen dependence or traumatic
brain injury; learning deficits, such as dyslexia ; and behavioural disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct
disorders."
(The encyclopaedia of children's health, 2017, Internet source: http://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Special–Education.html#ixzz4zu4cTODJ)
Considering that, the purpose of this report is to analyse the main practises and tools that Finnish schools are using in the "special education" field.
The analysis is based on the observation of three schools in Rovaniemi, done in different classes, and tries to compare some Finnish methods with the
Italian ones.
OUNASRINTEEN KOULU
Ounasrinteen Koulu is a new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's important to emphasis their skills in the group and not just put them in a lower position as someone who needs help. Every pupil has his
difficulties and strengths and is a teacher important task to create the right atmosphere to let everybody express their selves in the best way, helping
and supporting each other, but also emerging from the group for the peculiar

Special Populations In Education
This research paper is parallel with my thematic core and curriculum because it based on inadequately youth which falls under Special Populations.
Special populations in education are groups of people with needs that require special consideration and attention in an educational setting. Students can
belong to more than one special population at a time. While no two students will ever have identical needs, awareness of the special populations in
education will help you understand the challenges your students' may be facing and develop ways of meeting them (Online). Passionate to be an
advocate for the inadequately youth, I need to be knowledgeable and aware of the statistics language and social skills have upon economically
disadvantaged students.

Education In Special Education
Most students with disabilities were uneducated a few hundred years ago. When they began receiving education, they attended separate schools and
learned in separate classes. Today, it is common to have students with disabilities learn with other students in called an inclusive classroom. As recent
as a hundred years ago, children with disabilities received little, if any, formal education. In the tradition of segregating students during the middle to
late 19th century, special schools for those with disabilities continued to be created in the early 1900s. These schools claimed to educate children;
however, they primarily served as residential facilities and institutions. Even in 1918, as states began creating a nationwide public school system,
children with disabilities were usually excluded.
Between 1850 and 1950, special classes with people trained to care for individuals with disabilities began to develop as teachers noted differences
among students. During these years, groups of parents of children with developmental disabilities started schools and programs. Although these
developments were sporadic, they began to positively change ideas about teaching these children. Attitudes continued to change in the mid–1920s as
educators began to see the value of education and community involvement for individuals with disabilities. Still, children continued being placed in
institutions as many parents believed these facilities offered the only educational opportunity available to

Special Education And The Benefits Of Technology
Special Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted
children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work
with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are
usually held in a classroom called a resource room. A resource classroom is usually equipped with materials such as braille typewriters, special
computers and many other useful resources. Since the late 1800's, technology has changed in many different ways.
In the 1800's it was very difficult for people to communicate with each other. People could only communicate with if they were in person or by mail.
The development of the radio began in the 1830's; and this allowed people to communicate quickly between any two points on land, at sea, and later,
in the sky, and in space.
In 1895, an Italian inventor sent radio signals more than a mile through the air in the form of telegraph code signals; and in 1901, his equipment
transmitted signals all the way from England to Canada. In 1906, Reginald Fessenden was the first scientist to transmit his voice by radio. In the
1920's, radios could broadcast comedies, adventure dramas, music, and other kinds of radio programming to peoples homes.
From radio to television, technology began to

Special Education Observation
This semester I visited the Reach Academy in West Harrison, New York. My experience observing gave me incredible insight into the world of special
education. The Reach Academy is a residential treatment facility. Many of these students did not work well in the inclusive classroom setting. The
school features students with various different disabilities, including autism, emotional and behavioral disorders, and speech and communication
disabilities. During my fieldwork I observed two social studies special education classroom. I observed an American History class and a global history
class. The first class I visited was a 12th grade American history class. The students planned to graduate this coming June and were also preparing to
take the Regents exams. The class included one special education teacher and one teacher's assistant. Some students in the class had their own aide. The
class consisted of 7 students including students with autism and emotional and behavior disorders. The lesson was on the the Declaration of
Independence. The start of the lesson included the objective of the lesson, which was for students to identify the key points of the Declaration of
Independence. The teacher greeted the class and turned their attention to the board. The board included a quote about independence. The teacher asked
the students to read the quote and answer the following questions, Does this quote support independence? What reasons does he give to support his
decision? What

Inclusion In Special Education
Special education could be simply teaching students with special educational needs (SEN) in special schools. However, Halliwell (2003)
demonstrated that children are considered to have special educational needs if they suffer a learning difficulty which requires special educational
support or provision. Inclusion has been defined through different perspectives. Ainscow et al. (2006) define inclusion on a narrow and a wide scope.
Narrowly, it means promoting and including a particular primarily disabled group of students in mainstream education. Broadly, it means including and
promoting a diverse group of children concentrating on how schools are adaptive to meet the diversity of all students. On the other hand, (Loreman et
al. 2007) regard inclusion as a belief based on the concept of social justice that promotes and guarantees that all students, regardless of their differences,
receive equal inclusive educational opportunities.
A school with inclusive strategy is the one where the achievements, attitudes, teaching and learning of every learner matter (Ofsted, 2000). This means
a highly consideration of pupils' different needs and life experiences. For inclusion to be effectively implemented, schools need to provide an
appropriate and fit learning environment for all students. Stainback and Stainback (1990) asserted that true inclusive schooling means all students
should be included in the mainstream with suitable flexible programmes and continuous support to meet their

Essay special education
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF DISABILITY The contemporary conception of disability proposed in the WHO International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) views disability as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions.
Disability is the interaction between individuals with a health condition (e.g. cerebral palsy, Down syndrome or depression) and personal and
environmental factors (e.g. negative attitudes, inaccessible transportation, or limited social supports). Long ago there was great confusion over the
meaning of terms such as impairment, handicap, or disability. Then, in 1980, the WHO provided great service by offering a clear way of thinking
about it all in a little book... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Measurements of quality of life extend the disability focus beyond the ability to perform "activities of daily living" to include a broad range of
functioning (work, home, play) and also the person's feelings of satisfaction and well–being. This is necessarily a qualitative and subjective concept,
judged by the patient in terms of the extent to which they are able to do the things they wish to do. In this medical context, quality of life is distinct
from wealth or possessions, and to amke this clear you may see the term "health–related quality of life." Reflecting these evolving ideas, the WHO
revised its Impairment, Disability and Handicap triad in 2001, re–naming it the International Classification of Function (ICF). This classification
system provides codes for the complete range of functional states; codes cover body structures and functions, impairments, activities and participation
in society. The ICF also considers contextual factors that may influence activity levels, so function is viewed as an interaction between health
conditions (a disease or injury) and the context in which the person lives (both physical environment and cultural norms relevant to the disease). It
establishes a common language for describing functional states that can be used in comparing across diseases and countries. The ICF therefore uses
positive language, so that "activity" and "participation"

Minorities In Special Education
When a minority group's numbers in special education are statistically higher than they should be, they are considered disproportionate. It can also be
an over–representation or under–representation of minority students identified with a learning disability or other type of disability under the IDEA
(2004). Disproportionality is defined as the representation in special education involves comparisons made between groups of students by race or
ethnicity who are identified as eligible for special education services. According to IDEA (2004), Disproportionality maintains to exist in some of the
categories listed, especially in the areas of the specific Learning Disability (SLD), Emotional Disturbance (ED), and Intellectual Disability (ID).
Among the contribution to the misidentification of minority students for special education, students are classified with disabilities. Students with
disabilities often have poor classroom instruction previous to the transfer to special education, are exposed to inconsistent or subjective placement
policies and procedures, and are put into special education based on income and social class due to the lack of schooling opportunities ... Show more
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Researchers founded approaches to assessment, cross–cultural curriculum, program implementation and intervention and structural changes that
develop proportionality, when applied in a culturally receptive manner. (Briggs, et al., 2008; Joseph & Ford, 2006). Schools need to identify children
in need of additional support prior and improve general education services, in order to prevent the need for special education placement. In addition,
the measures improve a teacher's preparation and direct the variety of biological and factors contributing to disproportionality (Donovan & Cross,

The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay
In this paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of
special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important,
even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don't understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools.
"Negative beliefs many people have about individuals with disabilities may often be based on fear, misconceptions, and lack of knowledge" (Wright,
1998). There are many children who have Special Education in schools and I feel that inclusion is something that parents think about for their
children, weather it is positive or negative thoughts. There is an issue weather inclusion is best for children or if it is hindering the child's academic
performance. I am going to explore if inclusion is better for children with disabilities or if inclusion is not beneficial for children with disabilities. In
my opinion, all educators should have the knowledge they need when it comes to knowing what is best for these children and what will truly benefit
them throughout there life's. when it comes to Special Education, there are parents with disabled children as well as non–disabled children, who have
so multiple opinions about inclusion. By the end of this essay, I want to know what sincerely is beneficial for Special Educational children.

The Importance Of Inclusion In Special Education
The term inclusion is defined as being included within a group or structure. In education, this refers to the inclusion of special needs students with
non–disabled students for the entire, or most of, the school day. In most schools today, students with special needs are separated from the other
students for the majority of the day. The debate of how special needs students should be incorporated in schools has been going on for years. There is
an argument to both sides of this debate, however, both have to consider segregation, inclusion, integration and ultimately respect. For many years
school systems have been attempting to perfect special education. They have been developing new techniques and skills to better suit different
disabilities that a student might have. The question at hand now is if the segregation of students with disabilities from those without disabilities should
be the standard for all schools. Mary and Kenneth Smith, authors of I Believe in Inclusion but..., conducted a study to describe teacher's perceptions of
factors that contributed or hindered success in inclusion based classrooms. The study suggests that students with special needs need more attention
than other students. "Research has indicated that classroom teachers may be very skeptical of inclusion and that they strongly expect that the practice
will present inherent problems." (Smith, Mary K., and Kenneth E. Smith 80–161). Another reason that Smith and Smith make is that with

Special Education Personal Statement
Personal Statement "A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops." – Henry B. Adams. For as long as I can remember, I have
always wanted to play a big part in children's education, which is why I have decided to enroll for an education course. I believe that educators have a
lifelong impact on their students and on the development of resilience. Thus, I aspire to inculcate my love for learning into the next generation, by
influencing and inspiring children all through their formal education.
I have distinctly applied for Special Needs Education because special education has always been what's near and dear to me in the field of education.
Being a special education teacher would be an inevitably rewarding job, in which I get to watch my students grow, as I celebrate their small
breakthroughs and victories with them. These small breakthroughs and victories will improve over time and turn into giant leaps, which will leave a
lasting impact and ultimately change the child's life. Beyond just educating children with special needs, I aspire to educate the public about children
with special needs and special education. By doing so, I hope to remove any uncertainty and fear the public has on this group of children. Not only do
I want to impart knowledge on these special children, I also want to advocate for them, which is something that goes ... Show more content on
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I was exposed to a complete range of early childhood studies, all of which solidified my ardent interest in the field. I also had the opportunity to
study a handful of art and humanities subjects, which have given me a fresh perspective on the world we reside in. By the same token, I will be able
to apply the knowledge gained from my ICT and Multimedia subject in creating a state–of–the–art medium apt for young children in this era of

Special Education Inclusion
Parents never want to hear that their child has a life–altering disability that will require additional assistance with special services. Roughly thirteen
percent of public school students are receiving special education services. Barbara Boroson, a Scholastic author on Autism Spectrum Disorder, asks the
special education inclusion population, "How has education evolved from exclusion to inclusion" (Boroson, 2017). The issues with special education
inclusion have been going unnoticed for many years and now is the time for a change. Special education inclusion is an issue because it bears against
social and educational values. People all around the world have tried to fix these issues, but their attempts have been unsuccessful. They have tried
making amendments to include special needs students in general classrooms. They have also tried to create ways to individualize criteria for each
student. These attempted solutions have not created a final answer but led us to find the perfect way to solve inclusion's problem.
The problem with special education inclusion is involved in the amount of education each student is receiving. Putting students with special needs into
a general education classroom is minimizing how much they are actually learning. Distractions that come with special needs kids are not allowing other
students to fully participate and listen in class. Teachers can only do so much with what their school districts allow, which leads to another problem.
The opposing

Special Education Philosophy Paper
Describe own special educational philosophy in terms of its metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. My Philosophy of Special Education is
that special education is teaching children who have special needs, which can interfere with their learning abilities. I believe special education
compared to general education is merely an extension of services in helping all children learn. Learning is a process through which we increase our
knowledge as a result of the experiences in our lives. We learn through what we are exposed to and what we try to imitate. It is a process of discovery.
The environment in which we live stimulates our brains to make connections of neurons to continually build upon throughout our lives. Imitation is...
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141). An ice – skater who has a positive experience when beginning to skate will build structures as a skater. But, someone who has negative
experience while trying to skate for the first time will not develop any structures related to skating. Essentially, if a teacher is going to be
successful and learning is going to take place, positive structures should be developed. A good way to develop these structures would be to follow
Mamary's four principles for a quality classroom: 1.Classrooms in which "fear of failure" does not exist. 2.Classrooms in which "fear of rejection"
does not exist. 3.Classrooms in which all "uncaring practices" are removed. 4.Classrooms in which "mindless activities" do not exist. If "fear of
failure" does not exist, students will be more persistent and willing to discover things for themselves. And, as I said earlier, a very important part of
learning is discovering. Students who don't feel rejected will be more outgoing and not afraid to ask questions. When students don't feel comfortable in
their environment, they withdraw from the situation and shut down. On the other hand, if they feel comfortable in their environment, they participate
in class discussions and associate learning with a positive structure. If the students know the teacher cares about them, they will be more apt to do their
best, if not for themselves, to impress the teacher. And the end result is likely that they will decide that they love

Special Education Assignment
Working with students with special needs, as teachers, we need to protect our students' right. Special education teachers are required to keep high
standards and meet best practices. According to the Preliminary Credential Competency Checklist Historical and Legal Foundation 1.4 (2014), two of
the best practices that are enforced in the special education field is to individualize education and evidence–based practice (p.1). Being a teacher in a
special education classroom, there is a diverse level of learners and each student has an individual methods of learning. The role of the teacher is to
verify each students learning is being meet. Individualizing a lesson by making accommodiations or modification for them to learn the curriculum.
Implementing evidence–based practice is using an educational method of learning that will support the students learning based on previous research
that has been completed. Using evidence–based practice in a special education classroom is a key component when a student or students need an
intervention to support them in the academic area they are struggling. Special education teachers are responsible of meeting best practice standards to
*** students academic learning.
My responsibilities this week as continued with teaching whole class lessons and small group instruction. When teaching whole class instructions,
before beginning the math material, I had to keep in mind the different level of students' math level. When starting to teach

Special Education Observation
Description of the experience conducted The observation was conducted at *** in an special education math class. The students were 8th grade
students with learning disabilities who needed support in the field on mathematics. The classroom consisted on the special education teacher, the
classroom aide, and ** students. When I walked inside the classroom, all the student had their desk facing the front of the classroom. The teacher
instructed for the students to take out their chromebooks because students were beginning to become exposed to a new testing program. Ms. ** was
clear in letting students know of the new program they were going to be using and to focus on the tools the program gives them to work with and how
to save their answers along the process. All students were given sufficient time to walk through the new program and to ask questions on how to
complete a specific task. When their time was complete, students moved on to being introduced to slope–intercept form. Students were given a video to
watch to give them an over view of what it was, but also as an introduction to the new material. Ms. * exposed to the students multiple times to the
material by showing students how to do it, allowing them to do it on their own, and working in groups to solve the problem. During the period the *
students were with Ms. * they had the opportunity to have multiple exposure to the new material they were learning.
What did you learn from this experience? Based on the

Reflection Paper For Special Education
Mrs. Bates had been teaching for twenty years. She has worked at Highlands's elementary school for nine years. She said in the school there are only
two special education classroom which are self–contained and inclusion. She was explaining to me that the students at Prairie Hills junior high has more
special education classroom.
On May 18, 2017 I had the opportunity to sit in an IEP meeting with Mrs. Bates who is the inclusion teacher. The IEP meeting was held at
Highlands's elementary school in room 118 in Hazel Crest, Illinois. The meeting was held in a small resource room. The child that they was meeting
about was a boy in the 4th grade his primarily disability was Specific Learning Disability (SLD) and the secondary disability was Speech or Language
Impairment.
I arrived at the meeting at 12:20 p.m. They were sitting down about to get things started. Before the meeting each one of us went around the table to
introduce our self and my host teacher let the parent know that I was going to attend the meeting in advance. The parent that attends the meeting was
the mother. The people that participant in the meeting was the special education teacher, administrator, Speech–Language Pathologist, Social Worker,
Occupational Therapist, and Physical Therapist. The first thing that the Social worker started talking about was the child health the child did not
have any major health problems but there were some things the staff was worry about which were his allergies sometimes act up in class, he has
colds, and he is falling asleep in the classroom. He has been receiving Psychology support from Dr. Drew since February of this year. He discusses
things that make him angry with Dr. Drew. The social worker said he function on an average level but when you look at his appearance it's not
right. She said when she saw him he had his shoes on the wrong foot. The social worker also have a concern about his appearance she said he has
an odor. She also asked if the mother could supervise him when he is taking a bath and when he gets dressed in the morning. She said most of his
problems is the adaption functional is talking to other people, ask for information, and asking for help to complete his work. His voice quality is

The Importance Of Special Education
When I was a kid, I was not so good at writing because I had bad handwriting, poor speech, and was bad at grammar and spelling. It started around
my second grade; my handwriting was so atrocious that my teachers put me into a special education class to improve my motor skills in my hands. I
took that special education class for about four to five years, I did improve my handwriting skill, but when I write too fast it could appear sloppy, but
it is still better than before I had that class though. That class was pretty fun, me and my buddy, that was also was in my class, would practice writing,
search for beads in putty, and play other types of games that involves using our hands. While in that class, I meet a kid named Christopher, he lost his
arms and legs from meningococcal septicemia or meningitis, it made me both happy and sad to know that at least I have hands, arms, legs, and feet.
Luckily for Christopher, he now got some new prosthetic limbs when I left special education class and for what I heard, he is living well now. You see
everyone, Christopher still tried to get better at writing even though he was disable, so there should be no reason you should not try to get better at
least you have hands he did not hands.
During that time when I was in that special education class I was also in another special class to improve my pronunciation of words with the th–
sound. I always loved that class because my special education teacher was so nice to us. We would play

Special Education Reflection
Running Head: REFLECTION PAPER
Reflection Paper
En Tseh Wang
Lehigh University
Special Education 332 (Education and Inclusion of Individuals with Special Needs) has been enlightening for me as a secondary mathematics educator.
In the beginning of the semester, my feelings towards special education were those of apathy and insensitivity. I now understand that my feelings were
due to my lack of knowledge and my judgment based on stereotypes.
I always knew that making fun of students with learning disabilities was wrong. However, I never felt that inclusion of special education students in
general education classes was plausible or made sense. I felt that special education students belonged in their own classrooms; and that ... Show more
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One of the greatest tools that this class has given me is universal design. "Universal design for learning is a process for considering the needs of all
students in the classroom...and designing curriculum, instruction, and evaluation with sufficient flexibility so that each student benefits" (Turnbull,
Turnbull, Shank, and Smith, 2004). I will not be able to teach my general education class with special education students in it, by using universal design

Special Needs For Special Education
Introduction/Purpose
Fitzgerald, Ryan & Fitzgerald (2015) reported that it has been an increase of children identified with special education needs in different countries in
Europe. One of the explanation for this influx is the definition of special needs recently changed, which caused more children to fall under that
category. Since more children qualify for special education, professionals and parents need training and guidance on meeting the needs of those
students. In Ireland, there is a challenge in finding the best comprehensive and coordinated Early Intervention (EI) service because EI models varies
in different areas, which cause inconsistencies (Fitzgerald et al., 2015). The two models that are mostly used in Ireland are the multidisciplinary
team approach (MDA) and the transdisciplinary team approach (TDA). Some of the functions and characteristics of the MDA are the team members
assess, create goals, work with and evaluate the child separately. In addition, the team provides home visits. Some of the functions and characteristics
of the TDA approach are team members collaborate with each other, the team members cross disciplinary boundaries to increase communication and
one team member is designated as a key worker, "which is someone who is available as a link for families attending EI services" (Fitzgerald et al.,
2015, p.200).The purpose of this study is to discover parents' experiences with EI models to identify efficient and effective strategies to implement to

Reflection On Special Education
Throughout sequence three, we touched on two main topics: policy and assessing diverse students. In the policy module, we focused on learning
about policies that will affect all students, including minorities. We went over policies like No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and Every Student
Succeeds Act (ESSA) and saw how these policies and others like them played out in the classroom. The objective of the class was to learn how
policy affects teachers and schools at the micro and macro level. During TLSC 220, we learned about assessing and supporting students with diverse
needs, mostly English language learners (ELL) and children with special needs. In the ELL section, we were assigned a student who was identified as
ELL and assessed them on their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teachers are impacted by national policies as well. One of these policies is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This is a policy that
provides resources for students with disabilities. These services include pull out/push in teachers, school therapy, extra time, and many others. It keeps
public schools accountable for doing the most they can to protect students with special needs. This act can impact teachers in different ways as
well. It can hinder them because students are periodically leaving the classroom and missing parts of the lesson to go to a pull out service or
therapy. My student I was observing at St. Benedict had to leave class for pull out classes every day along with three other students and my
cooperating teacher expressed to us how frustrating it is to have those students gone for the lesson and then having to teach them separately. These
services do, however, help teachers because the students are getting what they need in school. If they were not getting special help they might be
more disruptive to the rest of the students and the teachers so overall it is good for them. Other local policies, like IDEA, can impact both the way
students learn and the way teachers teach. Lastly, international policies have the ability to impact teachers all over the world. Because policies are
different in every country it is impossible for all students to be on the same level at the same time. For example, in America, most states implement
common

The Importance Of Special Needs In Special Education
I am currently teaching a practicum where my students (who are actually teachers getting their master's degree in special education) are teaching
students with special needs. Some of these teachers are encountering students with autism for the first time and have felt some anxiety about this so
they asked for some ideas and strategies to help them in the classroom. These are some of the suggestions that I have given them that I have used in the
classroom successfully.
1. Use Task Analysis–very specific, tasks in sequential order.
2. Always keep your language simple and concrete. Get your point across in as few words as possible. Typically, it's far more effective to say "Pens
down, close your journal and line up to go outside" than "It looks so nice outside. Let's do our science lesson now. As soon as you've finished your
writing, close your books and line up at the door. We're going to study plants outdoors today".
3. Teach specific social rules/skills, such as turn–taking and social distance.
4. Give fewer choices. If a child is asked to pick a color, say red, only give him two to three choices to pick from. The more choices, the more confused
an autistic child will become.
5. If you ask a question or give an instruction and are greeted with a blank stare, reword your sentence. Asking a student what you just said helps clarify
that you've been understood.
6. Avoid using sarcasm. If a student accidentally knocks all your papers on the floor and you say "Great!" you

Special Education Synthesis
The following are the topics I have chosen to use for my synthesis paper:
Teacher Education: Toward a Qualified Teacher in Every Classroom
Trends Relating to Special Education Service Provisions in Public, Private Schools, and Charter Schools
Impacts of Accountability and Data Driven Models for Special Education Teachers and Students
Teachers, services provisions, and accountability have impacted special education in similar and different ways. In my paper I will look at the impact
each area has on the students, parents, and the teachers. There are links from all three topics to the NCLB act, which has had some recent changes. I
hope to learn more about each area and how they affect both general education teachers and special

Childhood Special Education
Early Childhood Special Education has come so far in the last decade and that is thanks to different screeners, assessments and interventions. ECSE
(Early Childhood Special Education) teachers use different assessment tools to thoroughly evaluate each child's growth across all areas of development
and learning within the classroom. There are a variety of tools that ECSE teachers can use to help with assessing children to see what the child's
strengths and weaknesses are. Some tools that teachers use is; norm– referenced tests, portfolios, checklists and observations. ECSE teachers need to
consider the different factors for each student whether it be linguistics, culture, or other appropriate practices.
Early Childhood Screenings involves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In special education, almost every norm–referenced test compares an individual student's score against national averages. Norm–referenced scores are
not based on the normal standard criterion (example 7 out 10 correct) but are based upon each student's individual score compared to the group of
individuals. (Hidden curriculum (2014) Norm–referenced tests are almost always standardized to preserve a consistent basis for comparison of scores.
(Peters, Z. (2006–2017) Results give information about different areas of developmental strengths and delays, along with descriptions of how serious
the problems are. Whether diagnostic assessment for eligibility is norm–referenced or criterion–referenced, the nature and severity of a delay is
generally represented by a single cut–off score that determines eligibility. (Peters, Z. (2006–2017) Professionals in early intervention programs need to
be aware of all the procedures for summarizing child performance have limitations with respect to their use of demonstrating programs or intervention
effectiveness. (McLean, M., & Donald B. Jr. (2004) It can be very difficult to determine what portions of the improvement is due to maturation.
(McLean, M., & Donald B. Jr. (2004) Using norm referenced testing isn't always functional or teachable for younger children because some of the skills

Pros And Cons Of Inclusion In Special Education
Inclusion in the Classroom Inclusion is the act of having students with disabilities and abled body students in the same classroom. In concept this has
many benefits not only for the students but it also saves time and money for the school, however in practice I do not think inclusion works the way it
was hoped to. Inclusion in theory will put light strain on the classroom because of safe guards such as helper teachers are in place to help out. In my
experience these teachers are in the way most of the time when students are trying to learn, and students feel cheated when the special needs students
are handed a supplemented test making the students feel bad. Lastly that the pros of inclusion in the classroom are set in perfect conditions with good
teachers on both sides special education and general education, however most of the time that is not the case. Cons of Inclusion There are obvious
disadvantages such as the lack of training, general education teacher will have in dealing with disabled students. A teacher trained specifically in
special education could and would provide a much better service to the students that need it. Another issue is "depending on the nature of a child's
disability, it can affect the way that a student behaves. According to the ERIC article, that pupil's misbehavior and disrespect can be so intense that it
disrupts the learning environment" (Koolbreeze, 2017). This type of misbehavior could also be expressed in students without disabilities,

The Importance Of Special Education
It is of utmost importance for the educational leaders and policymakers to be knowledgeable of the law that governs the operation and conduct of their
organizations. Educators work with public money to educate children and are held responsible for doing it appropriately and in accordance with the
law. Special education administrators especially need to be well versed in state, federal and case law governing special education because they are not
only responsible for protecting students' right to free and appropriate public education but also to maintain a balance with their school district's
resources. They need to have a good handle on what services (expense) are absolutely necessary to meet students' needs while protecting their right to
education in least restrictive environment. They also have the responsibility to share knowledge with general education administrators about
identification and placement processes for special education and then work with them to develop most effective service delivery model. Since special
education services cater to a vulnerable section of our society, there is a moral obligation in addition to the legal obligation to protect the rights of
students with disabilities.
I watched very closely when our district (Shakopee Public Schools) struggled through a budgeting error of $4.5 million earlier this year. The special
education department went through some staffing cuts too but those were attributed to attrition. My first

Special Needs In Special Education
One would think that through the achievements within special education that our culture would be more willing and understanding of students with
special needs. Even with great strides and progressive steps to improve the experience within the education for students with special needs society still
does not fully understand what challenges students with special needs face daily. Culture wants to be accepting within its comfort level and does not
understand that to help students with special needs or disabilities one must change to the student's level of understanding and comfort. Within
observations of general classrooms, it is still apparent that teachers want to accommodate all students, but some are still lacking the understanding and
knowledge of how to modify their teaching style to help students with disabilities to reach their maximum potential. Culture is still seeing students with
disabilities as being limited within their education not fully understanding that each student has different potential and needs specialized instruction
(Personal Communication). Within the course and through field observation the greatest thing that has been observed is that each special education
student is unique, and each has their own academic achievements and struggles. Within the course one learns that each student has their own challenges
and one also learns that there are many different strategies to teach students with disabilities. Even though students may be limited within

Ip Special Education
Another change in special education involves the inclusion and acceptance of students with disabilities in public school settings. An essential aspect of
integrating special education students into public schools is the idea of Individualized Education Programs (IEP). If a child is enrolled in a special
education program, it is mandatory that they be assigned an IEP. This legal document, required by law, outlines the child'slearning needs, the services
that will be provided for them, and how their progress and achievement will be measured annually. "The IEP lists the academic and functional skills
that the IEP team thinks your child can achieve by the end of the year. Annual educational goals should help your child participate in the general
education classroom" (Stanberry). An IEP is an accurate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taking advantage of the technology provided for students with disabilities has benefitted them greatly in the areas of personal learning and
accomplishments. Before the Least Restrictive Environment Act was enacted, qualifications and classifications of students with disabilities had been
significantly behind. After new changes, the social benefit it had on many students involved in special education was very evident in their behavior and
understanding of the material being taught. The Least Restrictive Environment Act essentially establishes the rights for handicapped children to be
educated with their non disabled peers to the greatest extent appropriate. "The requirement in part was an impetus for previously self–contained
special–education programs to be integrated into the regular education schools and into the regular education classrooms" (Nitsch). This act has a
prominent role in closing the gap between special education and general education classrooms, to which we still follow

Integrating Special Education Children
Disadvantages of Integrating Special Education Children in Regular Classrooms Few topics have as much controversy as inclusion of children with
special needs in regular classrooms. Few professionals question the appropriateness of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes.
However, significant debate about which students should form part of the general education classes and the time they should spend in those classes
persists. This has led to two groups, one for, and the other against inclusion. There are those who think that all students belong to regular education.
This group claims that all students have a right to attend school with their peers and this can only occur within a single system where all students form
the learning community. Secondly, the group claims that all students can benefit from education through supportive learning in inclusive settings.
Third, they cite stigma as unfavorable to the children's welfare. Lastly, they observe that the approaches used in special classes do not significantly
differ from those used in regular classes (Zwaagstra et al. 13). Conversely, the other group believes that only students who meet certain standards should
be included in regular classes. The group supports inclusion only under unique conditions. This group observes in regular classrooms instructors cannot
offer some of the services that students with disabilities need. Additionally, they claim that instructors in regular classrooms may lack the

A Career In Special Education
Special education teachers remain in high demand. Although there are numerous special education teaching jobs, there aren't enough individuals in the
field to fill these positions. Children suffering from mental or physical disabilities often need special learning method and require more time and
energy from their instructors. Currently, approximately ten percent of individuals working in this field lack the necessary credentials, and states are
authorizing temporary licenses. Teachers with a temporary license are then given a predetermined period of time to complete their license. As the
need for teachers in this field is expected to grow by approximately 35 percent over the coming decade, those wishing to become a special education
teacher will find they have numerous job opportunities.
Growth In Special Education
Dr. K. Lynn Boyer, is the Council of Exceptional Chldren's National Clearinghouse for Professions in Special Education director. Dr. Boyer states there
are roughly 380,000 teachers currently employed in the field. An estimated 13 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this time, universities train approximately 22,000 teachers to work in special education teaching jobs every year. This is only 50 percent of the
number needed to fill these positions. Further exacerbating the problem is the departure rate of educators currently working in the field. Studies show
that a special education teacher is significantly more likely to leave his or her profession than mainstream educators. This is due in part to a lack of
support on the part of school administrators, mounting paperwork, minimal resources and more.

Educational Education And Special Education
According to the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, 89% of children with moderate learning difficulties, 24% of children with severe
learning difficulties and 18% of children with profound multiple learning difficulties are educated in mainstream schools. Something so prevalent must
surely be effective. However, that is not always the case. It's disheartening watching these mainstreamed students struggle socially and academically.
Either looked over or coddled by general education teachers; teachers without the proper training, no less, expected to properly instruct these students
with intellectual disabilities. Kids that are always expected too much of or doubted indefinitely. These are the children that don't belong in a general
education classroom. While mainstreaming, the act of blending general education and special education classes, can possess benefits for both general
education and special education pupils, it should not be implemented in school systems as it creates a more disruptive environment that campaigns for
inhibited learning. But that's only the inauguration of the series of issues present here. The concept of mainstreaming is based on the fact that a student
with disabilities may benefit both socially and academically from being assigned to a general education classroom rather than a special education
classroom (Perles). A mainstreamed student may have slight adjustments in how they are assessed, but they learn mostly the same material and

Special Education In The 1890s
In order to have a good understanding of Special Educational Needs and how the education system accommodates for children with SEN, it is
important to know how it has developed over the past hundred or so years.
In 1886, the Egerton Commission was set up to view the educational provision of children who were deaf, blind or dumb. By 1888, the Egerton
Commission had begun including the education of those from Гўв‚¬Лњexceptional circumstancesГўв‚¬в„ў who would appear to need
Гўв‚¬Лњexceptional methods of educationГўв‚¬events which unfolded around this time had a large impact on how special needs was viewed and still
affects special education needs provision now. Around this time the idea of segregated education was formed and this is the basis for the
Гўв‚¬ЛњspecialГўв‚¬в„ў ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1889 it was suggested that children who were considered to be feeble–minded children were to continue to be educated within the mainstream
system but within education classes and children considered to be educable–imbeciles were to be educated in special institutions. These
recommendations led to the opening of of special schools in the 1890s.
In 1898, the government expressed a lack of defining criteria for these groups and therefore the difficulty in defining labels and correct education for
children with special education needs. This led to the Departmental Committee on Defective and Epileptic Children to create the subgroup –
Гўв‚¬Лњthe ability to earn a livingГўв‚¬в„ў.Children who were considered as able to earn a living were children previously labeled as feeble–minded
whereas children who were imbeciles or idiots were considered as unable to earn a living.
By 1913, the Board of EducationГўв‚¬в„ўs Chief Medical Officer decided to group children into five categories: the mentally normal child, the dull or
backward child, the feeble–minded child, the imbecile child, the idiot. This shows that educators were beginning to have a greater understanding of
different abilities. the Board of Educators was also beginning to understand that the lack

General Education And Special Education
Co–Teaching Expectations
Division of Labor
General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is
learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a
lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their
concerns for their students and contact the parents together to allow the parents to understand it is a team working as a unit.
Space & Furniture
As both teachers should have a desk to complete work, the desk should be on opposite ends of the classroom for instance, one in the back of the
classroom and one in the front as each teacher should be the eyes for each other. The classroom desk should allow room for both teachers to move
around freely along with a table for small group learning and/or one–on–one help. In certain situation a table may cause the room to become too small,
grouping a group of five student's desks together will allow the inclusive teachers to conduct small group lesson for the students to complete together,
which will allow the general and special education teacher to work with a group of students who need additional help.
Classroom Routines & Discipline
At the beginning of each marking period, both the general and special education teacher should discuss

Philosophy Of Special Education
It is believed that all students have specific, varying needs and learning styles. As an educator, it is my duty to meet the needs of every individual and
make accommodations; especially in regards to a student with an exceptionality. Special education should not be a separate division of a school but
rather an integral piece to complete the entire structure. Students with exceptionalities should be given the exact opportunities that an able–bodied
student would have in areas such as, but not limited to, education and extracurriculars. They should be encouraged to participate with their fellow peers
and build relationships with students of all personalities and characteristics. Maintaining a level playing field in all aspects of a student's

OSERS Special Education
Fortunately, since 1975 Special Education has been a priority for the United States. They have created many organizations and programs that help
many kids since their birth. The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS), " understands the many challenges still facing
individuals with disabilities and their families. Therefore, OSERS is committed to improving results and outcomes for people with disabilities of all
ages. OSERS supports programs that serve millions of children, youth and adults with disabilities," (" U.S Department of Education") An example of
what U.S government had established in some organizations as a purpose for a better life for these kids with disabilities. They dedicated their time on
all the children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Center for Parent Information and Source states, "Since the enactment of the original legislation in 1975, children and youth (ages 3–22) receive special
education and related services under Part B of IDEA... Our nation's special education law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
sets high standards for their achievement and guides how special help and services are made available in schools to address their individual needs,"
("Part B of IDEA: Services for School–Aged Children") They are in charge to administer required information for any individual that needs it.
People who refuse for help to this programs can assume that they keep investigating other similar case like these. Also through this website we can
see how people have tried to help these childrens with disabilities. Parent Center Hub.org, state in their website, "More than 6 million children with
disabilities receive special education and related services in our schools each year." ("Part B of IDEA: Services for School–Aged Children") OSERP is
one of those programs who have interest for kids with needs; the regular education meaning is that each individual can obtain the education that him/her
deserves and that the economic income is not an obstacle for

Historical Background Of Special Education Essay
"In 2011 according to the National Center for Education Statistics 13 percent of the total number of enrollment in the public school were receiving
federally supported special education programs". (National Center for Education Statistics) The goal of special education is for all students with or
without a disability to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It is the common belief that special needs students should be placed in the
general education classroom with their non–disabled peers a term called inclusion. Inclusion hasn't come easy! There has been several court cases
fought that have provided special needs students access to a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment. Historical Background of
Inclusion There have been several court cases that have worked toward Inclusion. District cases gained momentum getting the attention of the higher
courts to ultimately pave the way nationwide. The first right–to–education lawsuit was Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children versus the
commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971). PARC was an organization composed of mother's advocating for their children ages 6–21. In Pennsylvania
children were not able to enroll into school if they had not reached a mental age of 5 by their chronological age of 8. The district court ordered that
all mental retarded children were to be given a free education. It was also ordered to begin to evaluate the most appropriate placement for all children.

Reflection Paper On Special Education

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