2. MEANING
Two or more freely interacting people
Interdependent -interact and influence each other
Mutually accountable for achieving common goals;
Common Identity
Collective Norms. Group is the collection of
individuals who have regular
contact and frequent
interactions, mutual influence,
common feeling of
camaraderie and who work
together to achieve a common
set of goal
3. DEFINITION
“A number of people or
things that are located,
gathered or closed together”
“An assemblage of persons
or the objects gathered or
located together”
4. CHARACTRISTICS OF A MATURED
GROUP
Size
Interdependence
of Members
Group Identity
Group Goals
Group Structure
6. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran
PRIMARY GROUPS
• Traits
– Small
– Personal orientation
– Enduring (long lasting)
– Frequent interaction
– Face-to-face
– Intimate
– sense of belonging
– emotional orientation: bond based on emotions
– loyalty
• Primary relationships
– First group experienced in life
– Irreplaceable
– Security
• Assistance of all kinds
– Emotional to financial
Examples: the family.
7. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran
SECONDARY GROUPS
• Traits
– Large membership: larger than primary groups
– Goal or activity orientation
– impersonal and formal
– Infrequent interaction
– Secondary relationships
– Weak emotional ties between persons
– Short term
• Importance
– Networking
– Career goals
Examples: co-workers, political organizations
8. Gholipour A. 2006.
Organizational Behavior.
University of Tehran
IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS
• In-group
– “group with which people identify and have a
sense of belonging”
– pronoun “WE”
• Out-group
– “group that people do not identify with
– pronoun “THEY”
– Loyalty to INGROUP
– Opposition to OUTGROUPS
9. GROUP ROLES
TASK ROLE
• INITIATOR
• INFORMATION SEEKER
• ELABORATOR
• COORDINATOR
• ORIENTOR
• EVALUATOR
• ENERGIZER
• PROCEDURAL
TECHNICIANS
• RECORDER
MAINTANENCE ROLE
• ENCOURAGER
• HARMONIZER
• COMPROMISER
• GATE KEEPER
• STANDARD SETTER
• COMMENDATOR
• FOLLOWER
10. BENEFITS OF GROUP
• Provide more information
and knowledge
• Better implementation of
decisions
• Elimination of chance of
bias
• Follows participative
decision making
• Nature of democracy
11. WEAKNESS OF
GROUPS
• Time consuming
• Social pressures
• Self centred interest leads to
conflicts
• Decision making against the
goals of the organisation
• Problem of focus effect
• Less quality solutions
• Group thinking
12. GROUP THINKING
Group thinking indicates a
situation where members
desire for complete
consensus overrides their
motivation to disagree with
an argument or critically
and realistically evaluate
other available alternatives
13. SYMPTOMS OF GROUP
THINKING
• Illusion of invulnerability
• Belief In intrinsic morality
standards of the group
• Collective rationalisation
• Stereotyping of outsiders
• Pressures for conformity
• Self censorship
• Illusion of unanimity
• Mind guards
14. CONCLUSION
• Topics covered under this presentation is
characteristics, kinds, roles, benefits, weakness
of group
