1. The Abdominal WallThe Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the TrunkMuscles of the Trunk
Raymond G Buick FRCS
2. Muscles of the Trunk
• large cavity
• bounded by
– posterior abdominal wall
– diaphragm
– anterior abdominal wall
– pelvic floor
3. Layers of Abdominal Wall
• antero-lateral wall of abdomen
• several layers
– skin
– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
– muscles
– transversalis fascia
– extraperitoneal fat
– parietal peritoneum
4. Layers of Abdominal Wall
– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
• 2 layers
Camper’s fascia – thick, fatty layer
Scarpa’s Fascia - deeper fascial layer
5. Layers of Abdominal Wall
– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
thick
fatty layer
continuous with
superficial. fascia of thigh
Camper’s FasciaCamper’s Fascia
dartos muscle
no fatty tissue
involuntary muscle fibres
pale reddish in colour
6. Layers of Abdominal Wall
– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
deeper
thinner layer
membranous
large amount of yellow elastic fibres
blends with fascia lata
of thigh
Scarpa’s FasciaScarpa’s Fascia
helps form
dartos muscle
11. Layers of Abdominal Wall
• antero-lateral wall of abdomen
• several layers
– skin
– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
– muscles
– transversalis fascia
– extraperitoneal fat
– parietal peritoneum
12. Layers of Abdominal Wall
transversalis fascia (or transverse fascia)
• is a thin aponeurotic membrane
• thick and dense in structure inferiorly and
thins out as it ascends to the diaphram
• deep to transversus abdominis muscle
• superficial to extraperitoneal fat and parietal
peritoneum
13. Layers of Abdominal Wall
extraperitoneal fat
variable with age and location
• most apparent in the falciform ligament
below the upper part of the linea alba
14. Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles
– external oblique
– internal oblique
– transversus abdominis
15. Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles
– laterally
lower ribs
lumbodorsal fascia
iliac crest
inguinal ligament
16. Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles
– medially
aponeurosis
17. Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles
– medially
linea alba
18. Aponeurosis
• A sheetlike fibrous membrane resembling a flattened tendon
that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together (or to connect
muscle to bone).
• shiny, whitish-silvery colour,
• histologically similar to tendons
• few blood vessels and nerves
• pleural: aponeuroses
