present perfect present perfect continuous

1. Mcenroe ng

2.  non-action verbs
 Do not express an action, they express a state.
 talk about thoughts, emotions senses, and states of being.
Examples:
Mary believes that sun can make her happy.
 Believe is related to thoughts.
Examples: agree, remember, understand, prefer, and know.

3.  John hates the sun, so he is sitting in the shade.
Hate is related to emotions.
Other examples: emotions are love, like and dislike
Other examples : senses are hear, smell, sound, see, feel, and look
 Here in the park almost everyone has a hat.
The verb has is expressing a state of being.
Other examples: be, appear, need, and want.

5. State action

6.  Take the verb think for example.
 think can be used as an action verb.
Example: He is thinking about lunch. He is not thinking about class.
- think with ing because it's expressing an action.
Example: she thinks the teacher is boring, now I'm using think as a verb of state.
- think means believe, so we cannot use it with ing.

7.  Be is another example.
Example: Bob is usually a good student, but today he is being disrespectful.
- be with ing to express that something is different than it normally is(action)
Example: Alex is the youngest in the class
- verb of state so we can't use ing.

8.  Where has the grasshopper been hiding?
 Who has she been studying with?
 Has she been playing here for a long time? No, she hasn't
(W-H) Has/have subject been -ing

9. Subject Has/have been -ing

10.  Example: she has been eating for thirty minutes.
1. she has been eating since 1:00.
To make a negative statement, add not in between have and been.
Example: she has not been swimming.
Subject Has/have not been -ing

11.  to talk about an activity that began in the past and is in progress right now.
 talk about how long an activity has been going on or the duration of that activity.
 only use action verbs.
She has been eating for five hours! She must be hungry!
- Because we can't use the present progressive to show duration.
 She is eating a burger.

12.  I've been driving since the morning.
 Run, dance, and drive, are all examples of action verbs that can be used with the
present-perfect progressive.
- cannot use non-action verbs, also called verbs of state.
- For example, we cannot say, I have been knowing my best friend for ten years 
 Use present perfect instead
 I have known my best friend for ten years

13.  shouldn't use in the present perfect progressive. Except in special cases. Like,
understand, seem, taste, have, appear, prefer.

15.  Is used with "ever" and "never".
 Example: Have you ever visited Singapore? No, I have never visited Singapore.
 Has he ever failed a test? No, he has never failed a test.

16.  used with "how often" questions.
- Example: How often have you been to Singapore? I have been there 6 times.
- How often has she called you? She has called many times.

17.  How long have you been studying here?
 show emphasis on duration of time, whether the action is finished or unfinished.
 I have been studying here for 20 years.
- emphasis on the, for 20 years.

19.  University of California, Irvine
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