1. Edwin S. Cosep
PhD EL 604

2.  TYPES OF MANAGEMENT
 Collegial Model
 Decisions are made democratically
 Formal, Bureaucratic Model
 Decisions are made by those at the top of the
hierarchy
 Micro-political Model
 Typified by power struggles within the organization

3.  Hearing what we want to hear
 Ignoring conflicting information
 Being aware of our perceptions of the
communicator
 Recognizing that words mean different things
to different people and
 Acknowledging that there is often little
awareness and understanding about non-
verbal communication
 Armstrong, 1994

4.  CLARITY
Having a clear understanding of what
you want to say – the message objective
Giving reasons which explain changes of
practice or process
Incrementalizing the explanation
Relating aims to purposes and
understanding the interaction
 Adair, 1986

5.  POSITIVE STEPS
 Using more than one communication
net or group
 Encouraging two-way rather than one-
way communications
 Keeping as few links in the
communication chain as possible
 Handy, 1993

6.  PRIORITIZE
What they must know
What they should know
 (desirable but not essential)
What they could know
 (relatively unimportant)
 Adair, 1986

7.  Listening and hearing
 Listener is engaged with and concentrating on
what is being said
 Giving feedback
 Either constructive or destructive
 Receiving feedback
 Listen to the feedback rather than immediately
rejecting or arguing about it

8. Every gesture has a particular
meaning but gestures are
culturally specific
Facial expression
Distance or space

9.  Emails written quickly and without due
thought may not say what we really
mean, may appear abrasive or be
misinterpreted by the receiver
 Itis a good idea to review a message
before it is sent, and to delay answering
an email on a sensitive matter until you
have had time to think carefully about it

10.  What would most clearly indicate the culture
of your organization or department to a
visitor?
 Among your work colleagues, who do you
consider to be a good listener and why? Are
you a good listener?
 Canyou recall useful feedback that you have
received?

11. END