VermontFest23 ChatGPT MaureenYoder.pptx

11:30 AM – 12:25 PM
Dr. Maureen Yoder
myoder@lesley.edu
AI and ChatGPT:
Ban it? No.
Detect it? Maybe.
Embrace it? Yes!
Friday, November 3, 2023
Please fill out a
raffle ticket

Should it be banned?
What is Chat GPT and how does it work?
Timeline
Why are educators concerned?

How can we teach with it and
explore its benefits?
The skill of framing good questions
Can it be detected?
About Cheating

Final thoughts
Maureen’s Five Takeaways
Constructivism:
The Importance of a good question
Historical Perspective

What is Chat GPT and how does it work?

Launched as a prototype on November 30, 2022
Provides detailed responses and articulate answers
across many domains of knowledge.
Uneven factual accuracy was identified as a
significant drawback.
ChatGPT
(Generative Pre-trained Transformer)
Altman began as a part-time partner at Y Combinator in 2011.
Y Combinator helped get Airbnb and Dropbox started.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jhspHdXGBQ
Link to entire video:
1 Min 11 sec.

Access during peak times
Faster responses
Access to GPT-4
Understands both text and images
Access to third-party plugins
As of September 1st, 2023, the GPT-4 model and
plugins usage is capped at 50 messages every three
OpenAI premium version
ChatGPT Plus

“We are excited to introduce ChatGPT to get users’
feedback and learn about its strengths and
weaknesses. During the research preview, usage of
ChatGPT is free. Try it now at chat.openai.com.”
chat.openai.com
November, 2022

Detection tools
https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2023/01/chat-gpt-achieved-one-million-users-in.html

https://hbr.org/2022/12/chatgpt-is-a-tipping-point-for-ai
Less than two weeks ago, OpenAI released ChatGPT, a
powerful new chatbot that can communicate in plain
English using an updated version of its AI system. … It’s
genuinely useful for a wide range of tasks, from creating
software to generating business ideas to writing a
wedding toast. While previous generations of the
system could technically do these things, the quality of
the outputs was much lower than that produced by an
average human.
The new model is much better,
often startlingly so.
December 14, 2022

.
NBC: University of Pennsylvania
Wharton School https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7h2l6QlXfw
1 min. 23 sec.

January, 2023
OpenAI’s new chatbot is
raising fears of cheating
on homework, but its
potential as an
educational tool outweighs
its risks.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/technology/chatgpt-schools-teachers.html
January 12, 2023

https://www.axios.com/2023/02/01/chatgpt-ai-detection-tools
February 1, 2023
The rise of generative AI tools is creating a parallel
demand for a new class of systems that can help
distinguish AI-generated text and images from those
created by humans.
Why it matters: Educators, in particular, are concerned about students
turning in work created by an AI system. But experts are also worried about
how generative AI can create a flood of misinformation and impersonation.
Detection tools, if they can be made sufficiently accurate, could help.

https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=1301138&p=9560557
As you explore available A.I. detection tools, please be aware that they
do NOT have perfect detection capabilities. Their varying effectiveness
may also wane over time as ChatGPT and other chatbots continue to
improve and "train" through updates and usage. If you choose to utilize
these detectors, it's recommended that you do NOT use them as a
primary strategy for adapting to A.I. use amongst students.
The detection tools can have sizable rates of
false positives and negatives.

https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/
March 22, 2023
We have collected over
30,000 signatures and hope
signatories will be patient as
our vetting process tries to
catch up. The high-profile
signatures near the top of the
list are all independently and
directly verified.

Perhaps Google's most anticipated and noteworthy foray into AI is its
chatbot, Bard. The company presently calls it an experiment, in part to
do more internal testing.
Unlike Google search, Google says Bard does not look for answers on
the Internet. Instead, it relies on a self-contained and mostly self-taught
program.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-googles-dont-be-evil-motto-has-evolved-for-ai-age-60-minutes-2023-04-16/

Sundar Pichai
Google CEO
1 min. 3 sec. https://www.cbs.com/shows/video/OhGyPf1sEEvxo_VWlRJS8RaHGFnVR97Z/
https://www.cbs.com/shows/video/3poad_6wdpnZ3CzLZJEa5uNQqEyTGRIt/
Related video:

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/04/readout-of-white-house-meeting-with-ceos-on-advancing-responsible-artificial-intelligence-innovation/
Today, Vice President Harris and senior Administration officials
met with CEOs of four American companies at the forefront of AI
innovation to share concerns about the risks associated with AI.
President Biden dropped by the meeting to underscore that
companies have a fundamental responsibility to make sure their
products are safe and secure before they are deployed or made
public.

“On April 8, Geoffrey Hinton announced
that he had resigned from his position as
Google’s vice president of engineering.
According to an interview he gave to The
New York Times, he now wants to dedicate
himself to warning the world about the
dark side of artificial intelligence.”
https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2023-05-12/geoffrey-hinton-we-need-to-find-a-way-to-control-artificial-intelligence-before-its-too-late.html
May 12, 2023

59 sec. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sif9iERS2Ng

.
New York City Public Schools
Chancellor David Banks,
pictured June 27 in New York,
wrote in an op-ed published
Thursday that "students are
participating in and will work
in a world where
understanding generative AI
is crucial."
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/chatgpt-ban-dropped-new-york-city-public-schools-
June 27, 2023

https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/25/tech/openai-ai-detection-tool/index.html
Less than six months after ChatGPT-creator OpenAI unveiled an
AI detection tool with the potential to help teachers and other
professionals detect AI generated work, the company has pulled
the feature.
OpenAI quietly shut down the tool last week citing a “low rate of
accuracy”

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/business/schools-chatgpt-chatbot-bans.html
Administrators quickly realized the bot bans were
ineffective.
Districts are embracing tools like ChatGPT as lesson-planning
aids for teachers — and as opportunities for students to learn
how bots can concoct misinformation and replicate human
biases.

https://tech.co/news/openai-teachers-use-chatgpt

https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-announces-new-bard-features-traffic-continues-lag-chatgpt-2023-09-19/
“Google said on Tuesday that Bard, its generative artificial
intelligence, will have the ability to fact-check its answers and
analyze users' personal Google data as the tech giant scrambles
to catch up to ChatGPT in popularity.”
“Google is rolling out Bard Extensions, enabling users to import their data from
other Google products. For instance, users could ask Bard to search their files in
Google Drive or provide a summary of the user’s Gmail inbox.”

The risks potentially associated with
artificial intelligence have been frequently
highlighted, along with fears that AI has
the potential to become more intelligent
than any human.
Companies like OpenAI have been actively
developing new AI technologies in recent
years, which has in turn sparked further
concerns.

https://www.edsurge.com/news/2023-11-02-teens-need-parent-permission-to-use-chatgpt-could-that-slow-its-use-in-schools
Teachers have debated whether to ban the tool (over
fears that students will use it to cheat) or embrace it
as a teaching aid (arguing that the tool could boost
learning and will become key in the workplace).
But most students at K-12 schools are not old enough
to use ChatGPT without permission from a parent or
guardian, according to the tool’s own rules.

72% of respondents said
their biggest concern about
generative AI is the potential
for more plagiarism and
cheating

.
A Promethean Moment . . . will change:
“how you create, how you compete,
how you collaborate, how you work, how
you learn, how you govern and, yes, how
you cheat, commit crimes and fight wars.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/21/opinion/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt.html

Parents have a new platform to contend with in the battle
to keep up with the ever-growing technological advances
in their children’s lives: ChatGPT.
Matt Albert, former executive director at the Center for
Reflective Communities.
https://thehill.com/homenews/education/3832156-with-chatgpt-rising-in-popularity-whats-a-parent-to-do/
“The way that parents should be talking to their kids
about ChatGPT, just like they should with
everything else, is there are really potentially
positive ways to use this technology and there are
some, you know, unethical and or dangerous ways
that the technology can be used,” Albert said.
Another way to address ChatGPT is for parents to explore
the platform with children and work with a child’s curiosity
about the new technology.
In line with concerns from
educators and school
districts, some parents are
concerned about the
cheating threat ChatGPT
poses.
Another worry may be how much time children
could spend on ChatGPT.

. . . to better understand the
relationship between copyright
and AI from the perspectives of
creators AND consumers,
highlighting one of the
foundations of digital citizenship
- respect for intellectual
property.

.
Professor Jochen Wirtz
National University of Singapore
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbTMANzYCSs

.
https://www.bestcolleges.com/news/schools-colleges-banned-chat-gpt-similar-ai-tools/
The most notable K-12 school districts to ban ChatGPT include
the New York City Public Schools (NYCPS) and the Los Angeles
Unified School District.
NYCPS cited negative impacts on content safety and accuracy.
"While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to
questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving
skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success," an
NYCPS spokesperson told Chalkbeat New York.”

https://www.edweek.org/technology/sal-khan-to-schools-dont-ban-chatgpt/2023/02
“I’m definitely anti-ban. If a ban was truly
effective, that in some ways is a
disadvantage for kids.

https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=1301138&p=9560557

https://searchengineland.com/ai-chatgpt-content-detectors-395957

https://www.edsurge.com/news/2022-12-21-can-anti-plagiarism-tools-detect-when-ai-chatbots-write-student-essays
. . . the makers of TurnItIn, a plagiarism detection tool, aren’t breaking a sweat.
“We’re confident that . . . detection is possible,” says Eric Wang, vice president of
AI.
Plagiarism is evolving, but it can still be sussed out. Unlike human writing, which
tends to be idiosyncratic, machine writing is designed to use high-probability words.
It just lacks that human touch.
Essays written by chatbots are incredibly predictable. The words the machine writes
are words that you expect, where you’d expect them. This leaves a “statistical
artifact” that you can test for. The company says it’ll be able to help educators catch
some of the cheats using algorithmic tools . . . sometime next year.

https://help.turnitin.com/Privacy_and_Security/Privacy_and_Security.htm#Personal_Information

https://www.insidehighered.com/opinion/career-advice/teaching/2023/10/18/faculty-should-know-tools-students-use-beat-ai-detection
“Students have been using text spinners—also called rewriter or
paraphrase tools—for years as a means of avoiding automated
plagiarism detection.”
“While those tools once primarily replaced key words with synonyms—a process Chris
Sadler dubbed “Rogeting” - now they also restructure sentences, making the source of
the original text more difficult to pinpoint.”
“We urge caution and reflection about the use of AI text detection tools. Any use of
them should consider their flaws and the possible effect of false accusations on
students, including negative effects that may disproportionately affect marginalized
groups.”
Modern Language Association and the Conference on College Composition and Communication (MLA-CCCC)

https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/student-accused-ai-cheating-turnitin-1234747351/

https://scientificinquirer.com/2023/11/01/in-the-age-of-chatgpt-whats-it-like-to-be-accused-of-cheating/
“Many of the students expressed concern over the possibility of being
wrongly accused by an AI detector. . . .
Some discussions went into great detail about how students could collect
evidence to prove that they had written an essay without AI, including
tracking draft versions and using screen recording software.”

“The humanity required to navigate intimate human relationships is not
something AI will ever be able to replace. We, as a society, may choose
to learn this piece the hard way, but as with everything, that depends on
us.”
“Perhaps all questions centered on AI are inherently questions of ethics,
and at the forefront of many teachers’ minds is cheating and plagiarism.”
https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-tackle-ai-and-cheating-in-schools-classroom/
Students do not learn from curricular content, they learn from people.
Students do not build trust and rapport with curriculum. Curriculum
cannot act as role models, but teachers can.

“If you cheat,
you are only
cheating
yourself.”

Model integrity
Praise examples
Reward honesty
Celebrate learning
Set goals

Steven Schwartz, Attorney
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-24/us-lawyer-uses-chatgpt-to-research-case-with-embarrassing-result/102490068
Fri 23 Jun 2023
Schwartz was fined $5,000 for submitting fake
citations in a court filing.
“Unfortunately for the client,
Schwartz did his legal research
for the case using ChatGPT
without fact checking if the cases
he cited in his brief . . . were real
or not.”
Turns out they weren't.

Fri 23 Jun 2023
"He did ask ChatGPT whether one of the cases
was real but was happy enough when ChatGPT
said yes.”
"In fact, ChatGPT told him that they could
all be found on reputable databases, and
he didn't do any checking outside of the
ChatGPT conversation to confirm the
cases were real.”
Professor Lyria Bennett Moses
tells ABC RN's Law Report.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-24/us-lawyer-uses-chatgpt-to-research-case-with-embarrassing-result/102490068

After reading a few lines of one of the
fake cases aloud, Judge P. Kevin Castel
asked: "Can we agree that's legal
gibberish?"
"Schwartz stated, 'I just never could imagine that ChatGPT
would fabricate cases.'
"ChatGPT has no truth filter at all. It's not a search engine.
It's a text generator working on a probabilistic model. So, as
another lawyer at the firm pointed out, it was a case of
ignorance and carelessness, rather than bad faith."
Schwartz's lack of due diligence has caused him great embarrassment,
particularly as his hearing has drawn worldwide attention.

How can we teach with it and
explore its benefits?

69% of respondents were teachers
19% administrators
12% support staff

Although respondents were
overwhelmingly optimistic about
the potential for AI to equalize
learning opportunities for learners
of all kinds, a nearly equal majority
reported feeling unprepared to
oversee the use of generative AI
in their classrooms. Only 15% of
respondents said they feel
prepared to do so.
Just one-third of respondents said they
have leadership support to successfully
implement generative AI into their
teaching.

44% of respondents who said they’ve used
generative AI reported that it “has alleviated
the burden of their workload and made their
jobs easier”

Which of the following ways
have you used Generative
AI tools
(such as Chat GPT, Bard,
DALL-E, etc.) in the
classroom?

https://www.eschoolnews.com/digital-learning/2023/10/13/chatgpt-is-our-new-learning-partner/
•ChatGPT is here to stay, and it's wise to now consider it a part of learning
•Every assignment moving forward must be graded with ChatGPT in mind
•See related article: How educators can navigate AI-driven plagiarism

https://www.canyonsdistrict.org/general-news/chat-gpt-and-the-ai-craze-how-to-manage-artificial-intelligence-in-education/
“This will be part of the future our students will be a part of,” Stewart says,
“so we want to prepare them for that world and possibly give them a leg up
in that innovation sphere.”
“Sit down and have those conversations, ask what
they know about AI and how they’re seeing it be
used. Talk to them about appropriate uses . . .
and get them thinking about possibilities of
integrating it into their future life.”
‘If you’re hearing about it, your child heard about it two weeks ago’”

The one mitigation, which isn’t a bad idea, is to have
students do more writing in class periods, in front of you.
The best writing classes are the ones where it’s like a real
writer’s workshop, and kids are writing all the time. And the
teacher and peers are giving each other feedback.
The other one is to just openly embrace it. This is the
future. I’ve told all our employees if you do any form of
writing, and you’re not at least trying to use a large
language model, you’re probably not efficient at this point.

.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11899475/Half-students-using-ChatGPT-cheat-rise-90.html

.
NBC: University of Pennsylvania
Wharton School https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7h2l6QlXfw
20 seconds

OpenAI’s new chatbot is raising fears of cheating on
homework, but its potential as an educational tool
outweighs its risks. “I believe schools should
thoughtfully embrace ChatGPT
as a teaching aid — one that
could unlock student creativity,
offer personalized tutoring, and
better prepare students to work
alongside A.I. systems as adults.”

“Creating outlines is just one of the
many ways that ChatGPT could be
used in class. It could write
personalized lesson plans for each
student (“explain Newton’s laws of
motion to a visual-spatial learner”)
and generate ideas for classroom
activities (“write a script for a ‘Friends’
episode that takes place at the
Constitutional Convention”).

“It could serve as an after-hours tutor
(“explain the Doppler effect, using
language an eighth grader could
understand”) or a debate sparring partner
(“convince me that animal testing should
be banned”). It could be used as a starting
point for in-class exercises, or a tool for
English language learners to improve their
basic writing skills. (The teaching blog
Ditch That Textbook has a long list of
possible classroom uses for ChatGPT.)

Even ChatGPT’s flaws — such as the fact
that its answers to factual questions are
often wrong — can become fodder for a
critical thinking exercise. Several teachers
told me that they had instructed students
to try to trip up ChatGPT, or evaluate its
responses the way a teacher would
evaluate a student’s.

“Students cannot demonstrate higher order
thinking skills, problem solving, analysis and
creativity with mere factual recall.”
https://www.iste.org/explore/artificial-intelligence/chatgpt-ban-it-no-embrace-it-yes?_ga=2.63112367.1001076268.1680123388-399185240.1680123388

https://www.iste.org/explore/artificial-intelligence/chatgpt-ban-it-no-embrace-it-yes?_ga=2.63112367.1001076268.1680123388-399185240.1680123388
You can challenge students to bring their own experiences, their
personal opinions and their unique views of the world into their
writing with assignments that go beyond information gathering and
encourage students to construct knowledge.
In the tradition of constructivist teaching, students may be asked to
gather information, but the real learning takes place when they create
something truly original.

https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-chatgpt-teachers-weigh-in-on-how-to-manage-the-new-ai-chatbot/2023/01
“Much as math teachers struggle to get students to see
the value in learning how to do long division when a
calculator can do it for them, or language teachers
struggle to get students to see the value in working
through their own translations when an online translator
can do it in seconds, we’re going to have to work to get
students to see the value in writing as a process rather
than a product.” Gina Parnaby, 12th grade English Teacher

https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-19-ways-to-use-chatgpt-in-your-classroom/2023/01
“The larger and more important work for teachers is
thinking about the assignments we’re ultimately asking
our students to do. If they can be easily completed by a
computer response, are they worth doing in the first
place?”
Susan Barber, AP English

The skill of framing good questions

What is a prompt engineer? There’s no degree for a prompt
engineer right now. It’s just someone who really knows large
language models like ChatGPT. If New York City’s ban were
effective, you’re essentially keeping kids from this
transformation of technology, which isn’t just going to be for
prompt engineers.
It’s going to be for any job that probably anybody is going to
do for the rest of time.
The same week that New York City public schools
banned ChatGPT, Anthropic, an AI safety and research
company, posted a prompt engineer job paying
$275,000 a year.”

https://www.weareteachers.com/chatgpt-for-teachers/
“You and your students need to learn
the right way to use it. But once you
do, AI tech like ChatGPT really can
work for teachers. Read on to learn
important dos and don’ts of using
ChatGPT, plus our favorite ways
teachers can use it as a teaching tool
in the classroom.

https://classtechtips.com/2023/03/15/chatgpt-prompts-for-teachers/

https://blog.classpoint.io/how-to-use-chatgpt-100-chatgpt-examples-in-schools/
By Zhun Chew

Constructivism:
The Importance of a good question

Begin with a curriculum need
and a good question.
Challenge students to
demonstrate their knowledge
by creating something original

Write a report about
Ferdinand Magellan

Write a report
about John Glenn

Ferdinand Magellan
Circumnavigated
the earth 1519-1522
Around the World in a Few Years

John Glenn
First American
to orbit the earth in 1962
Around the World in a Few Hours

“Imagine Magellan and Glenn discussing the shape
of the world and issues of fund raising, risk taking,
and potential celebrity”.

We faced a group of natives who killed me with a poisoned
arrow in my foot and a spear through my heart. After I died,
my crew burned my ship. My body was left behind. Out of
the five ships that began the journey, only one ship [The
Victoria] made the voyage around the world. Out of 250
men, only 18 survived… I was not one of them.
What one student wrote:
The End of My Days
I never made it to the Spice Islands. I was
caught in a war in the Philippine islands.

An example of a constructivist lesson:
Your students would research a topic,
or person, write a script, and conduct
an interview. Here is an example of a
podcast, or audio recording.

An interview
with Albert
Einstein

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sl8tAo2GjMI

Here is another example.
Many people do not realize that he could be
sarcastic and that it was his follower, Plato,
who wrote down most of his teachings. This
time the final product is a video recording.
The great philosopher Socrates
was the topic of the research for
this project.

Socrates:
My Web Page
Visitors
75,624,994
Last updated
MMXXII

Socrates
• I encourage participants to reflect and think
independently and critically
• My method is practiced in small groups with
the help of a facilitator
• It involves reaching a consensus, not as an
aim in itself, but as a means to deepen the
investigation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJnSGoGedVs

Learn about AI – teach your students about it
Analyze its responses with your students
Experiment with different prompts
Fact check, compare different AI tools
LEARN
Revitalize your media literacy curriculum

Stress ethical behavior, value honesty,
model integrity and a love of learning
encourage setting goals and the
learning that will lead to accomplishing them
Provide examples –
Model healthy, safe, productive uses
Emphasize process, multiple drafts, peer editing,
creativity, original product
BEHAVE

Making mistakes
Failing can be a learning experience
Get back on the horse
MESS UP

not just memorizing,
project based,
original products
planning, many steps and deadlines
collaborative editing
THINK

Have faith in your students
Most don’t cheat
Most enjoy learning
“If you cheat you are only cheating yourself”
TRUST

11:30 AM – 12:25 PM
Dr. Maureen Yoder
myoder@lesley.edu
AI and ChatGPT:
Ban it? No.
Detect it? Maybe.
Embrace it? Yes! Friday, November 3, 2023
THE END
Please make sure you fill out the
feedback form on the session.

VermontFest23 ChatGPT MaureenYoder.pptx

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