Alexander At Issus

Alexander At Issus
The artworks I am going to write about are The Battle of Alexander at Issus by Albrecht Altdorfer,
and Third of May,1808 by Francisco Jose de Goya. While The Battle of alexander at Issus is an
example of Northern Renaissance, and Third of May, 1808 is an example of Romantic art. Both
these artworks are important as they both share the theme of War, but the outcome is completely
contrasting. The use of colors in both these works are also completely opposite and it prove further
how the same theme can be depicted in completely different ways by artists belonging to different
periods.
During the Northern Renaissance Albrecht Altdorfer was one of the most distinguished painters
known for his expressively detailed landscapes. The Battle of Issus ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Romantic Era was more expressionistic and was facing very turbulent times, which is very evident
in the forbiddingly dark artwork by Goya. Even though the main theme is about war in both these
paintings, the different eras and the different society inspired two very different outcomes. In The
Battle of Issus Altdorfer uses nature to convey harmony, and the victory of man over man. The
celestial drama above the vast landscape correlated with the human contest below raises the scene to
a cosmic level. The painting is full of bright, wonderful, and creative images that easily amaze
people the more they look at it. Although the ant like people fill the painting with chaos and the
incredible sky gives off power you can still feel a sense of peace. While on the other hand, Goya, in
spite of being emplyed by the Court, remained a revolutionary. He hated authority in any form:
priests, soldiers, officials; and he knew that, given the chance, they would exploit the helpless and
keep them down by force. It is this feeling of indignation which gives symbolic force to the man in
the white shirt, to the pitiful body sprawling on the ground in a welter of blood, and to the batches of
fresh victims who are being driven forward out of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Alexander The Great Research Paper
Olympias gave birth to a little boy, Prince Alexander in Pella ,Greece on 20th of July 356B.C. As he
grew up he learned that he didn't come from a ordinary Greek family. His mother and father would
fill his head with stories about their ancestors being great warriors. Alexander would brag to friends
about how great his father was every time he won battle. Alexander was tutored and learnt
mathematics, reading, writing, and how to play the lyre. He was taught how to fight for battle, how
to hunt and ride a horse. When Alexander was twelve he was given the task to tame a wild horse
Bucephalus and no body could tame him. After many attempts he eventually tamed the horse. Over
the years that Alexander had Bucephalus he would carry Alexander into ... Show more content on
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Alexander first started his conquest to rule the world by invading the Persian empire. But while his
army where invading the Persian empire, he was still at war with Thrace. Some of the Greek cities
rebelled which took alexander back down south. Then he captured the city of Thebes and
demolished it as a warning to the other Greek cities if they tried to resist his rules he would destroy
there city. One year later in 333B.C alexander yet again went south from Cilicia to Syria, after
conquering the Persians at the river Granicus. Whilst he defeated Darius III at Issus. Then he went to
Egypt where they accepted him as their liberator through the Persian rule. Alexander conquered
north through Syria and Mesopotamia and defeating another Darius at Gaugamela 2 years later in
331B.C. Darius ran away and then was killed by his own men. Alexander had become the leader of
the Persian empire. Still with the dream to conquer the world he continued into Indus river valley
which is now call Afghanistan and reached Punjab in 326B.C, where sadly his men convinced him
that they had reached the end, the end of the world. Alexander with his head held low turned back
for Macedonia. Where his soldiers wanted to see there wives and children. This all took 11 years
with an army of 50,000 Greeks and Macedonians. As Alexander scored cities from his defeats he
would then change the names of the cities. He named one city Bucephala after his horse

Alexander The Great Essay
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great, was born in June, 356 BC, in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. His
parents were Philip II and Olympia. Some say that Zeus was his father but it is probably just a myth.
Aristotle taught Alexander in his early teen years. He stimulated his interest in science, medicine,
and philosophy. In the summer of 336 BC, Alexander's father was assassinated, and
Alexander ascended to the Macedonian throne. He found himself surrounded by enemies at home
and threatened by civilizations all over. But Alexander disposed of quickly of all his enemies by
ordering their execution. Then he took off to
Thessaly, where partisans of independence had gained ascendancy, and restored
Macedonian rule. Before the end ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the river Granicus, near the ancient city of Troy, he attacked an army of Persians and Greek
soldiers which totaled 40,000 men. His forces slatured the enemy and according to tradition, only
lost 110 men! After this battle all the stated of Asia Minor submitted to Alexander. Continuing south,
Alexander encountered the main Persian army, commanded by King Darius III, at
Issus. The size of Darius's army was unknown; but ancient tradition said it contained about 500,000
men but now is considered a very big exag¬ geration. The
Battle of Issus, in 333 BC, ended in a great victory for Alexander, who treated them with the respect
due to royalty. Tyre, a strongly guarded seaport, offered obstinate resistance, but Alexander took it to
by storm in 332 after a siege of seven months. Alexander captured Gaza next and then passed on
into Egypt, where he was greeted as a deliverer. By these successes the Nile River, the city of
Alexandria, which later became the literacy, scientific, and commercial center of the Greek world.
Cyrene, the capital of the ancient North African kingdom of
Cyrenaica, gave up to Alexander soon afterward, extending his dominance to
Carthaginian territory.
In the spring of 331, Alexander made a trip to the great temple and oracle of Amon–Ra, Egyptian
god of the sun, whom the Greeks identified as Zeus.
The earlier Egyptian pharaohs were

Albrecht Altdorfer Essay
The Life and Most Famous Work of Albrecht Altdorfer Many famous artists emerged from the
renaissance, including artists such as da Vinci, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, and so on. An interesting
thing to note about artists like these is that not many of them painted landscapes; they mostly
painted religious, war, and mythological characters and scenes. However, there was one artist who
showed a particular interest in landscape painting during this time, and is considered by many to be
the "first landscape painter in the modern sense." ("Albrecht Altdorfer") That artist was a German
man named Albrecht Altdorfer. He was an incredible painter ("Albrecht Altdorfer") who left a
considerable impact on the world of art, and deserves far more recognition ... Show more content on
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(Pioch) For some historical context, it was around this time (late 1530s) that John Calvin and his
followers were expelled from Geneva. ("What Happened in 1538") And with the end of Altdorfer's
life comes the end of this paper, aside from a few final

Pliny's The Alexander Mosaic
The Alexander Mosaic is a Roman floor mosaic that dates from c. 100 B.C. It is discovered in the
city of Pompeii which was preserved in ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It was found in
the House of Faun, named after the bronze statue of a faun found there. It is thought to be possibly
based on a wall painting done in 315 B.C.E., Hellenistic Period by a Greek artist named Philoxenos
of Eretria because it matches a description of the painting written by Pliny.
The mosaic is approximately 2.72 by 5.13 meters (8 feet 11 inches high and 16 feet and 10 inches)
long. It is currently housed in the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, Italy. It consisted of
over one and a half million tesserae (From the Greek word tesseres which means ''square'.), or small
pieces of colored stone and glass, none larger than 4 mm, in four colors: white, yellow, red, and
black. Several of the colors seen in the mosaic are the natural color of the marble pieces. The
minuteness of the tesserae enables noticeably quality detail and painterly outcomes, including
noteworthy pics of Alexander and Darius.
The reality that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander defeated the Persian leader doubly, initial at the 333 B.C. Battle of Issus, and 2 years later
at the Battle of Gaugamela. Alexander the wonderful led his Greek and Macedonian forces to
victory over the Persian army. The work is historically believed to point out the Battle of Issus. The
war of Issus (333 BC) become a turning factor in ancient history due to the fact the ruler of Persia
(Darius III) is ordering a retreat of his troops. This piece is preference of difficulty be counted and
naturalism ultimately shows the Roman appreciation for Greek art. Alexander isn't represented in his
typical type here, as associate incarnation of Zeus, Greek deity or Apollo with long ringlets and soft,
perfect options, however is additional

Alexander The Great : The Most Successful Military...
Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 B.C.), is conceivably the
most successful military mastermind of the ancient world. The warrior–king dominated territories
that included Egypt, Greece and the present–day Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey. Alexander spent his 13–
year reign working to bring together the East and the West using military strength and cultural
exchange. He combined battleground victories with kingdom–building tactics to extend his
territories. Alexander's character grew so rapidly that by the time of his demise at the age thirty–two,
people thought he possessed godlike qualities. It is not always easy to separate facts and fiction from
the tales narrated about Alexander. However, there are eight great highlights from Alexander's life .
Alexander the Great conquered more territories within a short time because he was brave, a military
strategist, and utilized the mistakes of his enemies to make them afraid of his martial power.
The major battles Alexander participated illustrated his success. At some instances, he won wars
because of luck. The enemies, in some instances, could have defeated him if they put the due
diligence of applying strategy in the battle. The warrior went to battle in countries such as Egypt,
Syria, India, and Issus. Each of these battles was unique to the greatness of Alexander.
The attack of Halicarnassus took place in 334 B.C. Alexander was always vulnerable to the Persian
Navy because he lacked soldiers

Alexander's Stand Against Persia
Alexander had taken a stand against Persia in many ways such as avenging Greece for when Persia
had attacked them, to carry out what his father started, to free Greek cities that had been conquered
by Persia, and wanting to spread Greek culture among Asia. Alexander had had the idea to spread
Panhellenic ideas across Asia so he could thus further development of Greece ( Infoplease). It is
taking a stand by wanting to create a change in Asia against someone else's power. There was war
150 years earlier between Persia and Greece called the Persian Wars. Persia had attacked Greece
twice and accomplished in the burning of Athens. Alexander did not want their acts to go
unpunished and also decided to attack them to avenge Greece ("Wars";LiveScience). ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Alexander had won the battle of Granicus he went to the city of Gordium. There, he cut the
Gordian knot which said who ever had solved the knot would be king of all of Asia (History
Macedonia). Alexander then learned the Persian army was marching against him once again but this
time with their king Darius (Hunter 23). It is estimated that there were 200,000 Persian soldiers
versus Alexander's 45,000 (Plutarch). Alexander met Darius in the narrow pass of Issus where
Darius could not use his greater numbers effectively (Wasson). Many of Alexander's soldiers
thought it was unwise to attack the greater numbers of the Persian army. Alexander replied to them
by saying "On their side, more are standing, on ours, more will fight." Alexander and his army were
able to win the battle by charging straight towards Darius causing him to flee (LiveScience).
Alexander was able to continue his stand down into other countries in the Persian army, freeing their
culture and continuing the spread of hellenism. Darius's army had lost 110,000 men at Issus. Darius
did not want Alexander to take his Empire so he tried to bribe him. He offered Alexander half of his
empire and half of his riches for Alexander to stop attacking. Alexander replied to them by saying,
"Come to me and thou shalt receive courtesy; but otherwise, I shall march at once against thee."
(Plutarch). This forced there to be another battle as Darius did not want to give up his empire and
Alexander would not stop conquering, a battle that would decide whether Alexander could finish his
stand or if Darius would keep his

Nature Methaphors in The Battle of Issus and Starry Night...
Since the beginning, nature has been one of mans many inspirations. It is used to convey emotions
and bring meaning in many ways in art. During the Northern Renaissance Albrecht Altdorfer was
one of the most distinguished painters known for his expressively detailed landscapes. The Battle of
Issus done by Altdorfer focused on nature to further amplify Alexander's victorious battle. Three
hundred and sixty years later, the Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh creates a work that also showed
how nature can bring emotion and significance to his painting Starry Night. Albrecht Altdorfer's The
Battle of Issus in one of the artist most famous works depicting the exploits of historic heroes. [1] It
was created in 1529 on commission for the Munich ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Above the battle, in the sky nature seems to have it own dramatic conflict that elaborately mirrors
the historical battle of Issus. The Post–Impressionism artist Vincent Van Gogh created his
masterwork Starry Night in 1889. Unlike the painting of Altdorfer, this painting was more personal
and had the conflict of man vs. himself. The painting of Starry Night took place in France while he
was in the care of the Saint Remy of Provence Psychiatric Hospital. Van Gogh yearned for a life that
was calm and harmonious during his seemingly never ending depressive state. In Starry Night Van
Gogh's point of view is omniscient as well but, he detaches himself even further. He Van Gogh
creates a night sky embellished by the swirling of its clouds and the illuminating blaze from its stars.
He uses lines that are arabesque in continuation that creates a fluid like design over the work making
it harmonious. Located below the dynamic sky is a row rolling hills in which the artist used different
tones to create a sense of depth in his work by the use of atmospheric perspective however, the
painting still has a look of flatness. The hills lead the eyes to a small calm inviting town created
using simple shapes. The church in the valley towers over all the homes as if it was a guardian. The
tall steeple of the church is not able to touch the magnificent sky however, there is an eerie cypress
tree in the foreground it is able to touch the

The Victory Of The Battle Of Issus, And The Conquering Of...
However, the accuracy of the film takes a turn when transitioning from Alexander taking over
gaining more power and taking over the thrown and the battle of Gaugamela. Covering Alexander's
accomplishments concerning the defeat of the rebellion of Thebes, the battle of Issus, and the
conquering of Tyre would have drastically increased the running time of the film, but these events
are important to understanding Alexander's overall triumph. Before his father, Philip, died a Greek
city called Thebes showed their loyalty to him, but with Alexander's rise to the throne, they
attempted to take back their freedom. Alexander handled this conflict expeditiously by capturing and
annihilating Thebes. Like the defeat of Thebes, the battle of Issus was skimmed over. This battle
was important in showing Alexander's success against the Persian army. He gained this success by
attacking the king of Persia himself and causing him to retreat. After this, Alexander blockaded Tyre
with the intent to conquer. This attack was extremely brutal and was described by Plutarch as one
that was, "performed with so much vigour that the Tyrians retired, and the town was carried that
very day." (Plutarch) Once he conquered Tyre, Alexander was faced with the reality of the amount
of men he lost and became so infuriated that he obliterated half of the city. The lack of these details
from Stone's rendition of Alexander's life causes a failure in the development of his merciless and
remorseless attitude.

Through upright military genius Alexander had overpowered the Persian Empire in little than a
decade. The people of Thebes were rebellious against King Philip's union of Greek states in the hope
that the Alexander was either dead himself or too inexperienced to stop them. Their demolition was
no oddity, but simply a foresee of the entire Alexandrian path to military practice that was so
rewarding later in Asia. Alexander's Megalomania and ambition for divine honor helped to spread
the tradition of Hellenism and left hundreds of thousands of Asians dead in his ferocious wake.
Alexander had depended on the particular value one places on military genius and conquest.
Alexander was a man who desired no 'Brotherhood of Man' in Asia. His teen–year ... Show more
Alexander dedicated all of his great victories to the Persians by leading his companion Calvary at
weak points in the enemy line. One thing about Alexander is that he was easily identifiable with his
magnificent cloak, body armor and helmet. He would always be far out in front of his infantry and
he would often became a big focus to enemies and he had ended up getting wounded about a half
dozen times due to putting himself on the spot. Later on he had invaded Asia Minor in (334), and
after the victories at Granicus (334) and Issus (333), everything west of the Euphrates River was his
for the

The Battle Of Gaugamela By Alexander The Great
The Battle of Gaugamela SSG Hennessey, Timothy J USAICoE NCOA, Class 15–003 Alexander
the Great is arguably the greatest general and military strategist to have ever lived. He never lost a
battle, and before his thirtieth birthday, he had conquered from Greece to India. His military
conquests paved the way for Hellinization, the spread of Greek culture, throughout the world.
Though Alexander's reign was short, he left an indelible mark on not only his kingdom but on the
world to come. He was an inspiration for Napoleon and Caesar. His name marks dozens of cities
across the globe. None of this would have been possible, though, if he hadn't defeated King Darius
III and the Persian Empire. The greatest of Alexander's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As is common following the assassination of a ruler in ancient times, Alexander solidified his role as
King of Macedon by executing or otherwise eliminating all rivals to the throne. He then focused
southward, into Greece and the rebellious city–states. The primary states he concerned himself with
were Thessaly, Thermopylae, and Athens. As would be his fashion in all of his campaigns, he moved
his army swiftly into Greece before the Greeks could prepare for his arrival. Thessaly and
Thermopylae quickly, and without bloodshed, recognized him as their ruler. Before the end of 336,
Alexander had been recognized as the leader of the League of Corinth by all of Greece, with the
exception of Sparta. The only revolt was by Thebes, in 335 and, once again, Alexander responded to
this revolt quickly and swiftly. Within three days, the city was razed, soldiers slaughtered with
ruthless efficiency, and women and children sold into slavery. Once Thebes was dealt with, Athens
gave its wholehearted support to Alexander and the Corinthian League. Once he had finished
consolidating his power within Macedon and Greece, Alexander set his sights on the Persian Empire
and all of Asia. In 334, only two years after taking power, Alexander marched his army west,
navigated the Hellespont, and crossed into Persian territory for the first time. Though he left
Antipater and some of his troops in behind to ensure the Greeks did not revolt again, he took close
to 30,000 infantry and 5,100 cavalry

Comparing Nature Methaphors In The Battle Of Issus And...
Nature Methaphors in The Battle of Issus and Starry Night
Since the beginning, nature has been one of mans many inspirations. It is used to convey emotions
and bring meaning in many ways in art. During the Northern Renaissance Albrecht Altdorfer was
one of the most distinguished painters known for his expressively detailed landscapes. The Battle of
Issus done by Altdorfer focused on nature to further amplify Alexander's victorious battle. Three
hundred and sixty years later, the Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh creates a work that also showed
how nature can bring emotion and significance to his painting Starry Night. Albrecht Altdorfer's The
Battle of Issus in one of the artist most famous works depicting the exploits of historic heroes. [1] ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Motif of death also accord in Van Gogh's painting. The looming cypress tree signifies death and
immortality. In the painting the cypress tree is allowed to touch the heavens signifying that death is
the ultimate way to be closer to God. Van Gogh also uses the cypress to detach himself from the
town. Because he was a very troubled and depressed man he felt that he could not live in harmony
like the people in the valley. The only thing he could do was hope for death so that he could feel the
strength of the heavens. In Contrast both artists used nature as a metaphor but, the emotional tone of
the paintings is not the same. In The Battle of Issus Altdorfer uses nature to show the aggressiveness
of the battle and the victory of man over man. While on the other hand, Van Gogh uses nature to
convey harmony, God, and death. Altdorfer portrayed the antagonism of man in nature while Van
Gogh's painting was more tranquil with the undertones of depression.The Northern Renaissance
painter Albrecht Altdorfer and the Post–Impressionism painter Vincent Van Gogh used different
landscaping

Alexander The Great Legacy
Alexander the Great is the most famous conqueror in the history of the world. His legacy and
conquest has shaped the world we know today. Many leaders after him have looked to him as an
example of what a good leader should be. "Alexander the Great's tomb was one of the biggest tourist
attractions of the ancient world. Roman emperors, including Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Caligula
traveled to Alexandria to pay their respects." It all started at the age of 18 when Alexander took
charge of the Companion Cavalry and helped his father in defeating the Athenian and Theban
armies. Starting from such a young age Alexander has been already shaping the empire he would
create. At the age of twenty he became king, then by the age of twenty–six he conquered the Persian
Empire and at age thirty explored the Indian frontier. He was an unstoppable force conquering the
world. Alexander the Great is the greatest conqueror of the known world, because of the personal
teachings of Aristotle of Stagira, his innovated military genius and multicultural integration
methods. Aristotle is one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history. Still today we are
using his works in philosophy and the sciences. This allowed Alexander to take in vast amounts of
knowledge. Aristotle saw the love for learning Alexander had and helped him further his studies.
Growing up Alexander was interested in the secrets of medicine. King Philip wanted to give his son
the best education he could. He asks

Alexander's Great Intentions
Alexander deployed his cavalry to help take out the Persians right flank. Both middle and left flank
were having trouble staying in formation and holding their positions on Alexander's side. After
Alexander took the right flank, he was able to see that his infantry needed desperate help, and sent
his cavalry to help his infantry (2016). Soon Darius' left flank was pushed back as far as possible
and Alexander was now pressing force from the left flank, from the mountains, and from the front,
the plains. Alexander explained,
Fortune was not kinder to Alexander in the choice of ground, than he was careful to improve it to his
advantage. For being much inferior in numbers, so far from allowing himself to be outflanked, he
stretched his right wing much ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Persian infantry fell back and soon after the left flank did as well. It was in the evening when
the battle ended so the Macedonians did not follow. Out of 41,000 of Alexander's men, he lost 7,000
troops that day. The Persians lost more men. King Darius III lost approximately 20,000 men. This
was an embarrassing defeat for Darius. It was the first time Darius had lost a battle but Darius knew
how to use the resources of his empire and how to organize ("Issus (333 BCE)") . After the battle of
Issus, Alexander was now able to go through Syria. This allowed him to continue his march and
campaign ("Issus [333 BCE]"). A few months after the victory of Issus, Alexander the Great headed
south along the coast. Alexander's goal was still to take all the port cities due to lack of Macedonian
naval fleet. He entered Phoenicia where he captured Byblus and Sidon. He came along the city of
Tyre. Alexander wanted to sacrifice himself to Heracles in Tyre. The Phoenician god, Melqart, was
roughly the same to the Greek Heracles. The Tyrians recognized the Macedonian troops. They were
highly suspicious that this was Alexander's way to occupy the city.

Meaning Behind the Painting, The Battle of Alexander at Issus
The Battle of Alexander at Issus is Albrecht Altdorfer's most famous painting (www.wikipedia.org).
Painted in 1528–9, the oil painting depicts a young Alexander the Great in 333 BC, at the point of
victory over the Persian army of King Darius III in the battle of Issus (www.ibiblio.org). Issus was
an ancient town in southeast Asia Minor near modern–day Iskenderum, Turkey, however on the
painting it is shown in the rocky environment of the Alps with German cities in the background
(www.ibiblio.org). Altdorfer, a painter, engraver, architect, and leading member of the Danube
School of German art, is considered the first true landscape painter and a pioneer of copperplate
etching (www.ibiblio.org). Battle of Alexander and Darius at Issus was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Battle of Issus, is atypical in his work, in both its size and subject matter (ww.wikipedia.org).
The painting is made up of a number of miniatures of battle scenes he had done much earlier for his
manuscript Triumphal Procession in 1512–14 (www.wikipedia.org). He signed the painting with a
monogram in the lower left hand corner, dating it 1529, and also inscribed it: "Albrecht Altorfer Zu
Regenspvrg Fecit" on the bottom edge of the banner panel in the sky (www.wikipedia.org). Despite
the grandeur of scale, Altdorfer displays a miniaturist's mastery of brush stoke, with every tiny
figure rendered in exacting detail (Phaidon 409). The topographic landscape was imaginatively
adapted by Altdorfer from a map of the lands around the Mediterranean and stretches as far as the
Nile Valley (Phaidon 409). Behind the huge armies are the mountains of Asia Minor in the front of
the Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus (www.wikipedia.org). In the background are Palestine, Sinai, the
Red Sea, and Africa with the meandering Nile River heading for the Nile Delta in front of the gently
bent horizon and the dramatic setting sun (www.wikipedia.org). In the heavens, the sun and the
moon cast their light over the scene (Phaidon 409). While the all encompassing landscape may
allude to the scale of Alexander's victory, the diminutive figures lost in the immensity of nature also
seem to point to

Alexander The Great: The Success Of Alexander The Great
One of the greatest and most successful generals in the history was Alexander the Great. He was a
brilliant, patient and often a devious man who never decided something without rigorous planning.
Alexander made decisions with an extremely high speed and took extraordinary risks, his success
was achieved by his show of sheer force and will to overcome. During his lifetime, he defeated the
Persians, Greeks, conquered Egypt and Asia Minor, and secured the Mediterranean Sea.
Alexander was born in 356 BC. In the summer of 336 BC Philip( alexander's father, and the king of
Greece at that time) was assassinated, and Alexander ascended by the Macedonian throne. He found
himself surrounded by enemies from everywhere near and far, and disposed of these ... Show more
At the river Granitic, near the ancient city of Troy, he attacked and smashed an army of Persian and
Greek mercenaries, according to tradition, lost about 110 men. Continuing south, Alexander
encountered the main and much larger Persian army at a mountain pass near the city of Issus,
commanded by King Darius the third. Darius and 10,000 men escaped but none the less the battle of
Issus in 333 BC, ended in a wonderful victory for Alexander.
Following his glorified success at Issus, Alexander then led the army( of 50,000 thousand troops) to
south across Asia Minor. Actually, it is not the Persians but the Greek coastal cities which gave the
greatest resistance to the Macedonians. The Greek commander Agamemnon and his men slowed
down the advance of Alexander, and many Macedonians died during the long and difficult sieges of
the Greek cities of Halicarnassus, Milieus, Amylase. But at the end the Macedonian army defeated
the enemy and conquered the coast of Asia Minor. Alexander then turned northward to central Asia
Minor, to the city of Gordimer. Gordimer was a home of the famous legend who's called Gordian
Knot. Alexander knew the legend who said that the man who could untie the ancient knot was
destined to rule the entire world. Till that date no one had succeeded in uniting the knot. But the
young Macedonian king simply slashed it with his sword and unraveling its

Essay on Alexander the Great: The Campaign of Gaugamela
The combination of Logistics and Tactics permitted to Alexander III the Great to be successful
during the campaign of Gaugamela. Prior to the battle, Alexander the Great decided to take the same
route Darius took on his way to Issus. He knew that if he wanted to march toward Babylon, he
couldn't go through the lower valley of Mesopotamia as there was not sufficient supplies available
for his army and the daily temperature in summer is 49º C.(tactic) He figured out that if Darius'
larger army and his very inefficient Logistics could achieve to march through the route, Alexander's
smaller, lighter combined with a very found Logistics was certain to succeed. But as he marched
into the region, he found that all the supplies were kept in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(tactics) Many others followed from all over the empire. Also, the infantry was still clearly inferior
to Macedonian foot troops but they had better weaponry. The number of Persian troops are often
exaggerated by Macedonians historians and it goes from 200,000 infantry and 45,000 cavalry to
1,000,000 infantry and 400,000 cavalry. Darius understood that the limited space against Alexander
at Irus was a factor against him. So,he chose a defensive tactic by setting camp between the river
Bumelus and the Jabal Maqlub, the highest hill of many that intersect the Tigris and Zagros plain.
He flatten the battlefield in order for his cavalry and chariots to have optimum maneuverability. But
Alexander obtained a tactic advantage before the battle when he could occupy the slopes
surrounding the plains of Gaugamela. He performed a detailed survey of the battlefield. Darius
placed the Bactrian cavalry on the left, supported by Daae, Arachotians and a mix of cavalry and
infantry. Further was the Susian and then the Cadusian forces. On the right, were the forces from the
Lowland Syria, the Parthians, Sacae, the Tapurian, the Medes and the Hyrcanian. (site sur alex long)
The center was composed of the King, , his elite squadron and the royal guard. The tactic was to
create gaps in the Macedonians lines. Alexander forces were formed in the usual pattern forming a
compact line. Alexander knew he would be outflanked

The Conquests and Legacy of Alexander the Great Essay
Alexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great, is one of the most
legendary figures in our history and in the history of the world. His conquests and endeavors echoed
far and wide, bringing about new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander earned his place in the
world's history and is worthy of the title 'The Great' because of his military prowess, his idealism
and his legacy.
During the course of his life and reign, Alexander had fought and won many battles and wars,
defeating many kings and warlords throughout the ancient world. Perhaps his most recognized
conquest was of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and its 'King of Kings' Darius III during the
Battle of Issus 1. After defeating the Persians at the Battle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
At a young age, Alexander believed his destiny was to exact revenge on the Persians for the burning
of Athens 7, but as his campaign became longer and longer, his ideals changed and his vision for the
'new world' came into existence. His vision for a united Macedonia, along with conquered countries
being absorbed into the empire, came with the prospect of global trade routes, intermingling of the
Persian and Macedonian cultures and people, and interracial marriage between royalty of Persian
and Macedonian empires 8. His vision was far more ambitious than what the Macedonian leaders
had sought after: he attempted to combine the two greatest powers in the known world to create an
even greater power 9. He was an idealist because where his predecessors had aimed to keep the
Macedonian race 'pure' and rule all empires, including the Persians; Alexander sought to include the
massive Persian population into the empire, utilizing their unique skills and culture, which would
only benefit the kingdom as a whole 10. His many attempts to integrate the Persian people into his
own included using Persian soldiers in his ranks, promoting interracial marriage, and even marrying
2 foreign princesses to better consolidate his vast empire 11. While his many attempts ultimately
failed and the fragile alliance between the Persians and Macedonians fell apart, his

Explain What Caused Alexander The Great To Be Successful...
What caused Alexander the Great to be successful against Darius? Throughout history Alexander the
Great has been remembered for being a superb military commander. Alexander always led his Army
from the front, forming the point of the spearhead to engage the enemy. This not only inspired his
men, but gave them courage during battle. Darius, on the other hand, was the exact opposite. He
chose to lead from behind while mounted on chariot and surrounded by body guards (Wasson,
2011). These two military commanders met in battle in 333 BC at Issus. Alexander's Army was quite
smaller than Darius's, but the location of the battle would work to Alexander's advantage. Though
outnumbered, the battlefield was located between the sea and a mountain range. Darius's larger
Army could not out–flank Alexander's Army to achieve a decisive victory. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander captured the royal family and through compassion, treated them with kindness and
respect. Shortly thereafter, Alexander announced his claim to the thrown of Persia and proclaimed
himself to be King of Asia (Wasson, 2011). This was not the first time that Darius had retreated from
a battle with Alexander. This would, however, be the culminating event that would seal his fate.
Bessus had Darius stabbed and left for dead near modern day Shahrud. Alexander recovered his
body, and being the compassionate leader that he was had Darius's body buried with royal honors in
the tombs of Persepolis (Walbank, 2017). Alexander died ten years later on July 13th, 323 B.C.
Though not by injury, or in battle, but from what appeared to be overconsumption. After a prolonged
banquet and drinking bought Alexander fell ill. Whether an intentional poisoning ultimately took the
Kings life is still a subject of debate. His body was returned to Alexandria and he received divine
honors in both Egypt and Greece (Walbank,

The King Of Ancient Greek Kingdom Of Macedon Alexander The...
From the king of Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon Alexander the Great," Through every
generation of the human race there has been a constant war, a war with fear. Those who have the
courage to conquer it are made free and those who are conquered by it are made to suffer until they
have the courage to defeat it, or death takes them." Alexander the Great was born in Pella on July
20, 356 B.C. His parents were king Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympia, daughter of King
Neoptolemus. He was raised in Pella 's royal court and spent much of his childhood learning to be a
leader. Most of the time his father was busy engaged in military campaigns and he hardly ever saw
him. His mother served a powerful role for him and had encouraged him to believe that he was a
descendant of heroes. He was tutored by legendary Greek philosopher Aristotle in 343 B.C. which
was hired by his father the king Philip II in the Temple of the Nymphs at Meiza. Aristotle taught him
philosophy, drama, politics, poetry and science over the course of three years. During the process of
learning he developed his dream of becoming a warrior. After one year completed his education at
Meiza in 340 B.C he became a soldier. When he reached the age of 16 his father was absence to led
an army into Thrace and left him in charge of ruling Macedonia. After his father assassination in 336
B.C. he took the throne and gained support from the army. He was 19 years old when his father die
and he inherited a strong

Alexander The Great: Alexandros III Macedonon
Alexander, commonly known as "Alexandros III Philippou Makedonon" and "Alexander the Great"
lived from 356–323 B.C. was the son of Phillip II of Macedon and Olympias. The combination of
his bravery and negotiation skills paved the way for his success and numerous victories. His
conquests and interactions with people throughout his life left a mark on the everyday world we live
in today. Alexander's first conquest was in Persia in 334 B.C. He invaded Persia with a large army
filled with dedicated men in hopes of obtaining money and restoring Greek cities that had been
dominated by the Persians. He knew his chance of victory was higher since the Persian empire was
starting to grow weak. He also wanted victory in honor of his late father who ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Surprisingly, he did not have to fight for Marathus and Aradus because the cities willing gave
themselves to be ruled under his power. While trying to conquer Tyre, he endured many barriers
which frustrated Alexander. They did not allow him on the island and the people of the islands hid
themselves from him in an act of rebellion. Alexander then built a land bridge to have access to the
island. The people revolted and tried to fight his army with fail. Alexander was victorious again in
July of 332. He raided the island violently and punished the people for not being obedient by selling
them into slavery. Alexander conquered Eygpt and was welcomed as their ruler by the Persian satrap
and people of Eygpt in November 332. He was viewed in a pharaoh–like way, and he was presented
a crown to illustrate the power he now had in the region. He spent the winter of 332–331 in Eygpt.
During that time, he discovered the city Alexandria and his supposed origins. Alexandria was
located by the Nile and grew to be a successful and well respected city. Alexander also claimed to be
the son of Zeus. He told his followers that a well–known oracle told

Alexander the Great is a one of the most successful leaders and conquers of his period. Alexander
dominated with the most powerful military with knowledge of all new advanced technology. The
commander conquered Syria, Egypt and Mesopotamia. He used different types of strategies that
influenced others later. He was a strong leader, but every leader has their downfall and makes
mistakes. Alexander showed leadership and dominance at an early age and in his first weeks of
ruling. For example, Covington (2004,) states that "Just 20 years old, Alexander seized the throne,
summarily murdering or exiling a number of rivals. This influences other conquerors down the line
to take control early and seize the moment. Alexander is known for succeeding ... Show more
But even great leader can not last forever. Alexander the Great dies in 323 BCE at an early age of
32. Some have different analogies on how he died. Some believe he died from fever, malaria, and
even alcohol poisoning. But, the only person that knows how Alexander died is Alexander. After his
death the successors of the throne would be his general because he didn't have any children. The
names of the successors were Seleucus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Lysimachus. All the successor took
their own land and made in their own but still living on Alexander's legacy together. The main states
really focused on having a Hellenistic view and following in Alexander's footsteps. All the main
states made a strict alliance with each other against opposing threats that will affect all of them. But
like all places rivalry will happen and jealous for conquering more just like Alexander. Wars will
follow leading to the destruction of everything Alexander

Alexander the Great Outline
Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BCE) A. Early Life 1. The temple of Diana at Ephesus burned down
the day Alexander was born, an omen most that meant that the force that would destroy Asia was
born. 2. There was/is a rumor about Alexander's parentage. Shortly before Olympias, Alexander's
mom, announced she was pregnant (with Alexander), King Philip saw her in bed with a snake. Zeus
was commonly known to disguise himself as a snake when he slept with mortal women. Therefore,
there was/is a possibility that Alexander was only half–mortal, and that he was not Philip's son. 3.
Alexander tamed the horse Bucephalus, who no other man could tame, when he was a boy. This
horse became his, and he rode Bucephalus for most of his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The body was sent to Darius' mother for an honorable funeral, and the traitor Bessus was torn apart
by trees. (July 330 BCE) 18. Alexander rested his army in Parthia, then continued on to Bacteria and
conquered it. He fell in love with the princess there, Roxane, and married her. 19. Alexander the
Great had conquered Persia at last. (328 BCE) D. Death 1. After Alexander's best friend,
Hephaestion, died of a fever (sometime between 324 BCE and May 323 BCE), he went nearly
insane with grief. 2. Alexander crucified the doctor who had treated Hephaestion. 3. He ordered the
manes and tails of all the animals in his army to be cut off as a sign of mourning. 4. Alexander tore
down the walls of cities nearby. 5. He banned all music. 6. Alexander went into the country of the
Cossaeans and for no reason completely massacred the entire nation. 7. He spent most of his time
going over the plans for Hephaestion's tomb, eventually traveling to Babylon to meet with the
architects. 8. On his way to Babylon, local fortune–tellers prophesied that he would die if he entered
the city. Alexander paid no attention, and continued anyways. 9. As he came to the city's walls, he
saw some crows fighting, and some fell by him. But even this (bad) omen couldn't stop him. 10.
Then a donkey kicked his largest lion to death, and one day a man was sitting in Alexander's throne
in a trance. Alexander then lost his

Darius The Third : The Tragedy Of Darius The Third
The Tragedy of Darius the Third The Persian Empire was at one point in history the greatest and
biggest empire. They rose from the ashes of Media and gained their freedom. Persia was blessed
with three strong leaders who knew how to lead large armies with Cyrus the Great, Cambyses II and
Darius I. They expanded their empire throughout the Middle East, dominating all four great powers
at the time: Media, Lydia, Babylonia, and Egypt. Once covering the Middle East, they ventured out
all the way to India, going as far as the Danghe River. But all the glory and power ended in the
hands of Darius the Third, starting with the Battle of Granicus River. From all his battles against the
internationally famous Alexander the Great and Darius fleeing the scene, to many Darius was seen
as a poor leader, especially to the Persian people who needed their King. Although Darius the Third
had made some cowardly mistakes as the King of the Persian Empire, such as leaving battles, he had
had much more of a spine than deemed because of biased historians and philosophers, his difference
in priorities, and the generations of successful kings who came before Darius III. There were limited
records for Darius III and much of them were written by Greek or Roman philosophers and
historians. The Greeks and Romans would portray themselves to be higher than the other
civilizations and show their enemies to be in a lower position than them. As a result, much of what
was documented about Darius portrayed

Alexander the Great Essay
Alexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedonia, underwent a journey of overwhelming
odds. Alexander led his army through multiple victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor,
Syria and Egypt without the agony of a single defeat. A noteworthy battle of Alexander was the
Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E. The Battle of Gaugamela is significant because it ended Darius's
rule over Persia. [new par.] There are several forces and factors that contribute in making Alexander
the Great superior as a leader. Alexander's battlefield achievement is a result of his early prestige
education and upbringing. Privately tutored by Aristotle, an epic Greek philosopher and scientist,
Alexander was educated in philosophy, ethics, politics, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander's education experience served as a vessel taking him away from the troubles at home.
Alexander was lucky to have Aristotle as his guru. It is here, in his education, where Alexander
learned the basic fundamentals for becoming and to think like strong intellectual leader. Lessons
taught by Aristotle helped Alexander deal with a myriad of subjects such as politics, morals, and
military strategy. An important lesson depicting the theory of how all in the world were barbarians,
except the Greeks, explains Alexander's drive to conquer. According to Aristotle he "believed
slavery to be a natural institution, and equally that all 'barbarians' (i.e. non–Greeks) were slaves by
nature." Aristotle's lesson on barbarians helps explain where Alexander's conquistador mindset
derived from. According to contemporary historians "In 335 Alexander marched north to impose his
authority over Balkan neighbors, demonstrating strategic skills, tactical resourcefulness in response
to sudden challenges, and a desire to surpass all previous achievements." The word 'authority'
channels the type of attitude Alexander had during his military journey ––– a strong leader's attitude.
Alexander, passionate of Homer's classic the Iliad, was fond of Achilles, a heroic Greek in the
Trojan War who is known to be the greatest warrior in Homer's Iliad. Alexander enjoyed many of
the characteristics demonstrated by Achilles, which

Alexander IIi Of Macedonia Truly Worthy Of The Title Essay
Was Alexander III of Macedonia really worthy of the title ""Great" or was he just a megalomaniac
conditioned into this belief by his followers? Well, if you consider his military legacy which is
almost as large as the swath of territory he conquered spanning from modern day Greece to northern
India, or the fact that his over 2,000 year old combat tactics are still being taught at military
academies the world over, I don't believe the word "great" would be too far from imagination. When
Alexander rose to power following the death of his father, Phillip II, his kingdom of Macedonia
encompassed all of the land that we know as modern Greece. For Alexander this was not enough.
Phillip II is believed to have prophesized s his son's ambitions with the words, "My son you must
find a kingdom big enough for your ambition. Macedon is too small for you." after Alexander tamed
his wild buck Bucephalas at age 10. Born around July 20th, 356 BC to King Phillip II and one of his
favorite wives, Olympias, Alexander was believed to be destined for greatness from the start. Many
tall tales about his birth origin circulated throughout and after his life including his personal claim of
descent from Achilles and Zeus. After enjoying a leisurely life as the child of a noble family, he
began his tutelage under Aristotle at the age of 13. His father, Phillip II was frequently absent from
Macedonia on long conquest campaigns that eventually unified most of the Greek cities under his
rule. In his

Alexander The Great : Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great (356–323B.C.) was one of the greatest warrior leaders of the ancient world. As
the son of Philip II of Macedon (382–336B.C.), he acquired his father's sizeable empire following
his father's assassination. Though Alexander was only 21 at his succession of Philip's empire, he
commanded authority among older generals, and gained respect from his peers as a leader.His
strategies, the overall designs of achieving success in battle, combined with his tactics, the
individual movements in battle, demonstrated his brilliant understanding of the operational level of
war (the level above the tactics of the battlefield but below the strategy of the entire war ). By the
end of his reign, Alexander had established an empire that included the Persian Empire, and
stretched over 3,000 miles from Western Greece to modern day eastern Pakistan and northern India.
Alexander the Great's insight and understanding of the operational level of war is what made him a
military genius.
Alexander's use of the Macedonian cavalry is ultimately what led to many of his victories in battle.
Inherited from his father, the Macedonian cavalry had been reformed to be more efficient and
maneuverable. Philip II had taken "the latest advances in Greek military technology," and applied to
the Macedonian army. Macedon was "cavalry country" and had a vast number of horses and large
plains. Philip also established a new recruitment system for the Companion Cavalry, the most elite
and prestigious

The Battle Against The Persian Empire
Alexander the Great is one of the most celebrated military leaders in history. His campaigns against
the Persian Empire began in 336 BC, when he and the Macedonian army crossed the Hellespont and
began their invasion of Asia Minor. The Macedonians were victorious in their first major
engagement against the Persians at the Battle of Granicus River in 334 BC. Less than a year later, in
333 BC, Alexander faced the Persian army again at the Battle of Issus, this time led personally by
King Darius III. Alexander's victory at Issus set the stage for the final battle against the Persian
Empire at Gaugamela. On October 1, 331 BC, Alexander and his army met the Persian Empire in a
final decisive battle that determined who would rule Asia. Contemporary historians place the
strength of the Macedonian army at approximately 40,000–47,000 soldiers, while the Persian army
was approximately 50,000–100,000 soldiers strong. While the Persians had the numerical
advantage, their troops were largely comprised of conscripts from across their empire that possessed
little stomach to fight. In contrast, the Macedonian army was made up of hardened professional
soldiers. The battle occurred on carefully chosen terrain that was well suited to give the Persian
army ample maneuver space, something they had lacked at Issus. Overall, the Persian army had a
significant advantage at the onset of the battle in terms of terrain and numbers. Alexander achieved a
decisive victory against the odds at

Alexander Biography
Alexander was born on July 20, 356 B.C. in Pella Macedonia. His father was King Philip II and
Queen Olympia. Alexander was raised in the royal court of Pella. He was a dark eyed curly haired
kid. He hardly got to see his father because of military campaigns and marital affairs. Although
Alexander grew up hating the fact that he never got to see his father, he was very grateful for his
mother. She was a good influence on him and loved him dearly. Alexander received an education
learning math, horsemanship, and archery. Alexander was a very rebellious and restless teenage boy.
By 343 B.C, his dad hired Aristotle, a philosopher, to teach Alexander in Meiza. Aristotle taught
Alexander philosophy, poetry, drama, science, and politics. He completed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He conquered it and had it destroyed. He was then ready to launch a campaign that his father had
originally planned against the Persian Empire. Despite the ups and downs Alexander faced at war,
he was successful in defeating Persia. He won against an army of 20,000 Persian horsemen and an
equal amount of foot soldiers. After that, he headed down the coast of Turkey, overthrowing cities
and trying to take the Persian navy of bases. The second, and probably most important, battle that
Alexander won was the Battle of Issus. The Battle of Issus was in 333 B.C near ancient town Issus,
Turkey. This battle was against approximately 600,000 soldiers, with Darius III as their leader.
There were many misunderstandings, ransoms, and deals that were made in this battle. King
Alexander was still successful in his goal of defeat. Next was Egypt. Alexander easily defeated
Egypt, who fell with barely putting up a fight. Shortly after this, he created the city of Alexandria
"designed as a hub for Greek culture and commerce." Later, after the complete collapse of the
Persian army, King Alexander became known as, King of Babylon, King of Asia, and King of the
Four Quarters of the World. Alexander the Great conquered numerous countries and was a powerful
and feared man. He died in 323 B.C. in Babylon, due to malaria. He was only 32 years old and
didn't even live to see the birth of his

Alexander The Great : Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great was an ancient Macedonian ruler and one of history's greatest minds who as the
King of Macedonia and Persia, established the largest empire the ancient world has ever seen.
Alexander the third of Macedon, known as Alexander the Great was born on July 21, 356 BCE in
Pella and was the son of King Philip the second of Macedon and Olympias, Philips 4th wife. (Verify
information) It is belief that Alexander inherited a lot of his parent's traits including the natural
disposition of both, the cool forethought and practical wisdom of his father, and the ardent
enthusiasm and ungovernable passions of his mother. His mother belonged to the royal house
Epeirus, and through her he traced his descent from the great hero Achilles. King Philip was a great
ruler and had a great reign that stretched from 359 BCE to 336 BCE. Philip managed to turn the
peripheral, disunited, economically and military ruined Macedonia into the domination political
power of the Mediterranean world and had created an empire that extended from mainland Greece
to the Danube. Alexander was very impressive from an early age. At age 12, Alexander showed
impressive courage when he tamed the wild horse Bucephalus, an enormous stallion with a furious
demeanor. The horse then became Alexander's battle companion for life. Philip believed that his son
would do great things and because of that when Alexander was 13, Philip sent Alexander to Mieza
to be trained by the great Aristotle. Aristotle was able

Battle Of Issus Analysis
War Side, Standard of Ur // Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic)
When we look back at history, the driving force of change in the world usually comes in the form of
war. By looking at the art of ancient civilizations we can understand how their culture viewed the
different aspects of war and battles. Two great examples of art that represents a civilization's view of
warfare are the Standard of Ur and the Alexander Mosaic. The Standard of Ur is a Sumerian artifact,
a wooden box with mosaics depicting war and peace on opposite sides. The war side shows the
Sumerian army battling and defeating barbarians. The Alexander Mosaic shows a similar event with
the Battle of Issus, a battle in which the Greeks defeated the "barbarous" Persians. Both

Alexander: The Not So Great
Alexander the Great is hailed, by most historians, as "The Great Conqueror" of the world in the days
of ancient Mesopotamia. "Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great, single–
handedly changed the nature of the ancient world in little more than a decade. Alexander was born
in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia in July 356 BCE. His parents were Philip II of Macedon
and his wife Olympias. Philip was assassinated in 336 BCE and Alexander inherited a powerful yet
volatile kingdom. He quickly dealt with his enemies at home and reasserted Macedonian power
within Greece. He then set out to conquer the massive Persian Empire" (Web, BBC History). It is
important to note, which will maybe explain his brutal actions, that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Macedonians, who had won so many battles in Europe and set off to invade Asia ... got
encouragement from him – he reminded them of their permanent values. They were the world's
liberators and one day they would pass the frontiers set by Hercules and Father Liber. They would
subdue all races on Earth. Bactria and India would become Macedonian provinces. Getting closer to
the Greeks, he reminded them that those were the people (the Persians on the other side) who
provoked war with Greece, ... those were the people that burned their temples and cities ... As the
Illyrians and Thracians lived mainly from plunder, he told them to look at the enemy line glittering
in gold ..." (Q. Curtius Rufus 3.10.4–10) "Darius's army greatly outnumbered the Macedonians, but
the Battle of Issus ended in a big victory for Alexander. Tens of thousands of Persians, Greeks, and
other Asiatic soldiers were killed and king Darius fled" (Web, Project of History of Macedonia). In
all the Persians lost "one hundred thousand foot soldiers and ten thousand cavalry while Alexander
only lost twelve hundred. These numbers are Greek estimates" (Web, necromatics). The number of
murdered infantry in the Battle of Issus and Alexander's determination to kill, kill,

Write An Essay On The Persians Battle
The Battle The Persians staged a preemptive defensive posture in the plains of Gaugamela. The
recently manicured landscape was ideal for the implementation of the scythed chariots. They were
placed up front with a tiny group of fighters. There were a left and right wing of mixed fighters from
throughout the land. The front forces led the attack followed shortly by an element that expanded to
attack the left flank of the Macedonians. Darius was at the center, engulfed by his finest fighters, a
Persian King tradition. On the right were Greek mercenaries and the Persian Horse Guards with the
famous Immortals at the right and center. The Macedonians were divided into two groups,
Alexander directly commanding the right, and Parmenion on the left. Alexander fought with his
chosen elite element and light cavalry. Parmenion's orders were to maneuver in the left quadrant,
while his commanding officer delivered the calculated blow from the right. From there it moved the
Phalanx, which was placed on a double line. The ratio increased from that of Issus at 2:1 to 5:1, and
eclipsing the Phalanx front by over a mile. The rear formation of mercenaries is to attack any
opposition that followed. Alexander's reassessed plan consisted of engaging Darius' right flanks
creating a gap in order to conduct a strategic strike in the center. His plan ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another factor was the manicured plains Darius prepared for his chariot operations. The further
Alexander moved disabled the chances of an effective attack. Darius ordered the chariots forward.
Alexander's men mastered a new technique to deny the devastating Persian scythes chariots attack.
They formed an "E" formation encircling the chariots while driving sarissas (a long spear of
approximately 4.30 meters) into the advancing vehicles neutralizing the incumbent

Alexander The Great Persuasive Essay
These are examples of how Alexander strived to complete his objectives by spilling as little blood as
possible. However, not all cities were willing to surrender to Alexander. Some, such as Tyre and
Gaza, chose to fight to the last. Alexander knew that he had to take these cities so he chose to turn
their refusal to surrender and the time that they forestalled his armies into some benefit. Both the
cities of Tyre and Gaza were massacred brutally after refusing Alexander's terms of surrender. While
these sieges costed him both time and men, Alexander used these massacres as a weapon of terror
against his enemy. Through his actions he was able to show that a speedy surrender to his forces was
the preferable option to resistance, and likely reduced the time and casualties that would have been
sustained by a long series of continuous sieges. However, Alexander was also extremely fortunate to
follow up on his success in battle with great rewards. After the battle of Issus, Alexander was able to
seize the Persian treasury which was being stored in Damascus. The seizing of your enemy's
material wealth is of utmost importance in conducting warfare and perfectly reflected Alexander's
strategic objectives. It prevented Darius from quickly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His Coup D'œil in battle gained him great victories on the Granicus and at Issus. He was then able to
aptly transition these victories into his campaign objectives which supported his clear goal of
conquering all of Persia with as little bloodshed as possible. He won decisive victories at key points
to ensure that he would be able to operate his sieges against the Persian cities that were hesitant to
surrender to him. Simply put, Alexander, one of history's greatest military geniuses, utilized all the
aspects of his Kingdom to wage a highly effective war against the Persian King Darius that
eventually resulted in the creation of one of the largest empire's in

The Success Of Alexander The Great
Alexander the Great is one of the most successful military commanders of all time. Some may
attribute Alexander's success to his inheritance of the great Macedonian kingdom and military from
his father, Philip II. Although there is no doubt that this timely inheritance was a key factor in his
success, it was his military skills and generalship that gave him the ability to effectively utilize the
groundwork laid by his father. In order to fully understand the success of Alexander, we must first
look back to the influence and success of his father, Philip II. Greece had been unified under the
League of Corinth, so when Alexander assumed the throne, he did not need to worry about any
fighting to the south. Philip took the small and insignificant country of Macedon and turned it into
one of the greatest military powers in the ancient world. When Philip was assassinated, Alexander
inherited an extremely skilled and modernized army he could use to make his father's dream of
defeating the Persians come true (Martin, Ancient Greece p.221). Philip's reforms to the
Macedonian army include reorganizing the structure and the use of troops and improving weaponry
and tactics (Potter, Lecture 13 March 2015). The Macedonian phalanx was a great improvement
over the hoplite phalanx used in Greek warfare because of two reasons. Well–trained soldiers,
known as phalangite, wore lighter armor that enabled them to move quicker and utilize their new,
longer spears known as sarissa, which

The Influence Of Alexander III's Army
Alexander III possessed an elemental ability to motivate his troops and boost their morale. He began
his war with a good relationship between himself and his troops and led according to the traditional
Macedonian custom. The soldiers were like his equals and he lived among them as one of them.
Alexander used the God's in many ways as a motivational method for his army. Praying, sacrifices
and rituals were very important before each battle and each and every person would get involved,
making the army prepared and motivated to win victory as they knew the God's were on their side.
The Gordian knot was one of the major incidents that motivated all of his army. There was a legend
believed that if anyone loosened the knot they would become lord

Alexander The Great Has Truly Shaped And Inspired The...
Alexander the Great has truly shaped and inspired the entire world as one of the greatest and most
successful military leaders in history. Alexander has influenced many writers, as he is included in
the national literatures of some eighty countries. At the age of just thirty, Alexander had conquered
what was known as oecumene (the inhabited world). Alexander the Great has become worldly
recognized and lives on to this day as a modern hero who took on, conquered the world and spread
Hellenic culture. Alexander III of Macedon was born in the royal palace in Pella, the capital of
Macedon, in July 356 B.C. The people of Ancient Macedonia were considered to be "barbarians" or
backward foreigners from a Greeks perspective even though the Macedonians spoke and followed
Greek culture. Alexander was born three years into the great military commander of King Philip II's
of Macedon's reign and Olympias, a princess who belonged to a strange religious cult, from the
neighbouring country of Epirus. The two were very passionate and dynamic characters, and their
traits and actions shaped their son's destiny along with his tutors Aristotle, Lysimachus and Leonidas
of Epirus. Demosthenes in 341 BC stated, "Philip is no Greek... He is a filthy wretch from
Macedonia," . The Macedonians were clearly hated by the Greeks and the country was considered to
be a peasant, farming state. Defeating these stereotypes about Macedonians, Alexander lived the
privileged life of a young prince in the royal

Alexander The Great Of Alexander Essay
Alexander became king of Macedonia after his the passing of his father, King Philip II. Within this
essay, the information of Alexander will come from three different sources,and be compared to find
the similarities in the history of Alexander amongst them. Alexand lived from 356 B.C.E. to 323
B.C.E., dying at the age of thirty–two. The three sources used have many similarities and broaden
the history of Alexander, as they include more into the timeline of his life. Referring to the textbook,
the assassination of Philip II led to twenty year old Alexander becoming the King of Macedonia. He
is commonly referred to as "Alexander the Great". He, like his father, had a dream of invading the
Persian Empire. The textbook mentions that Alexander had claimed to be descended from the Greek
Hero, Heracles. Alexander also mentioned that he was pharaoh of Egypt. Going in order of the
timeline, Alexander gained control into Asia minor whenever he defeated Persian king Darius III at
the battle of Issus 333 B.C.E. From there he he extended control over Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.
Another battle with the Persian led to victory, whenever he fought at Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E.. The
next move was to take over the Persian treasuries in Babylon. Darius had fled and Alexander was on
a quest to find him, but Darius III was killed by his own men. With the control of the persians, he
pushed his boundaries into Northwest India. Winning a brutally fought battle at the Hydaspes river,
took a toll on

Alexander At Issus

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Alexander At Issus