Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy

Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy
Starting in the early 1200's, a clausula could be taken from its native location in a more vast polyphonic piece and presented as an independent
creation with the higher voice singing newly affixed French or Latin words. A substitute clausula can be used for a church holiday like Easter or
Christmas.
Parallel Organum was an early kind of polyphony where an affixed voice proceeds in precise parallel to a chant, usually a perfect fourth or fifth
below it. A Florid Organum is when voices move in a melismatic fashion; the chant is sustained in prolonged notes in the deeper voice(also known as
the tenor), while the higher voice sings embellished phrases of assorted lengths.
14th–century France was referred to as "Ars Nova" and 14–century Italy was referred to as "Trecento." The Ars Nova was named for the Ars Nova
Treatise, ascribed to Philippe de Vitry. France and Italy both had significant breakthroughs with musical composition: France had the Roman de Fauvel,
a satirical poem that incorporated music and portrayed modern affairs. Italy had a lavishly embellished compilation called the Squarcialupi Codex that
consists of 354 songs for two or three parts. In addition, Italy's polyphonic Ballata was a lyrical composition with an AbbaA arrangement that is similar
to a stanza in the French virelai. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The madrigal is typically for two comparably alike voices that sometimes imitate one another and sing lengthy melismas on the final emphasized
syllable of each stanza. The caccia is a canon that generally includes a text about hunting. On the other hand, the earliest instances of isorhythm
originated from the motets in Roman de
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Beautiful Music of the Middle Ages
Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations of the soul, it is one of the most magnificent and delightful presents God has
given us –Martin Luther. Music was a part of life then and it is a part of life today. Without music, life itself would be a mistake. Seeing the changes
over the years is a great way to follow the patterns and differences this way of communicating has shown us. Some of the more popular music was the
Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet and Madrigal.
In the early Middle Ages around 590 ACE the Gregorian Chant was popularized by Pope Gregory the Fourth. The Gregorian Chant was a form of
monophonic tune of the Roman Catholic Church (Music Through the Ages). Monophonic is a musical style employing a single melodic line without
accompaniment. This style was oral by tradition and only served as a memory aid for a singer who already knew the melody (http://en.wikipedia.org).
Memorizing is a difficult task, it is even harder to memorize music that was taught to them orally. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using
neumes, an early form of musical notation (http://www.britannica.com). These neumes later formed the modern four and five line staff development.
Being a monophonic tune the Gregorian Chant was losing interest and a new style was born.
In the Musica Enchiriadis "musical handbook", Organum consisted of two melodic lines moving simultaneously note against note. Organum changed
the way of music for the medieval people;

Medieval Music Research Paper
MEDIEVAL
Medieval music period was around the 1940s.The music era was influenced by troubadours, Trouveres , and minstrels who musicians that were
poetical too.They created their songs around peace,myths , legends and Nobel characters like knights and princes but in society, everything wasn't
good it was bad because they lived in unhygienic places etc.Thomas tallis is a mediaeval composer he was born in 1505 in England and died 1585 and
on 23rd of November in Kent Greenwich and was buried St alfeges church Greenwich. Thomas most famous pieces are 'if ye love me 'and 'god we
grant grace'.Nearly all of Thomas music is just vocals only which mean it's acapella.In one of Thomas songs called spem in alium there were 40 voices
used which is quite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
they made more woodwind music during this time than using strings mostly.there also upgrades in music to do with the piano,influenced by opera
houses and concerts.One of the most famous composers of this time was Mozart (1756–1791)who created the pieces Turkish march and the music he
used was opera, symphony, concerto, choral, instrumental and vocal music, revealing an amazing number of outstanding unforgettable
masterpieces.(1770–1827 )Beethoven was another famous composer his famous pieces are Turkish march and Sonata in C KV 545.haydn was one of
the earliest composers 1732–1809. he was Austrian his works consist of Piano Sonata nВє 59 in E flat, Hob. XVI:49 and Kleine

Medieval Music And England During The Time Of 1066-1500
Medieval Music in England from 1066–1500s
What significant developments or achievements from Medieval Music in England during the time of 1066–1500 CE has had an impact on today's
music and how?
The Medieval Times had a lot of trading and invasions of new lands. Countries exchanged ideas to other countries, introducing new discoveries and
inventions. During Medieval England, music was a current and changing development, with composers changing their music all the way to the growth
and decisions of the Catholic Church. But without other foreign countries and kingdoms such as France and Germany, todays would have not been
what it is now. The Importance ofMedieval Music in England
Music was a very important asset to the peoples' society. According to historians, the medieval period was the beginning of the unbroken tradition
of notated Western music. Music was the one thing that all classes could enjoy, royals, nobles, women, slaves, anyone could listen to music being
played out on the streets. Music was used in cathedrals and abbeys, dances and was even part of poetry. Most of the poetry from the Medieval
Period known today were sung in front of crowds during events and festivals. Vocal music was very important in churches and worshipping. Back in
the medieval time, there weren't any radios, so all of the music was played live. Festivals, celebrations and the holiday season were very popular times
for music. During an important holiday, Mayday, the dancers danced to high

Music: A Middle Ages
There were several genres of the A Middle Ages as well as the Renaissance. During the Renaissance period, the vast majority of the musical moved from
the church to the courts. Composers were more open to experimentation, and had more imaginative opportunity and basically were no longer afraid of
the churches response. In this time frame the church had less control over musical movement and this allowed the composers to go in their own
direction with minimum consequences. In this time frame the Kings, Princes and other prominent members of the courts had a greater amount of an
impact over the music, yet the church still attempted to keep the music pure and basically the same. Thus more composers utilized musical instruments
in their compositions.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Renaissance is otherwise called rebirth this time changed the tone of music "it is the name given to a complex current of thought that worked deep
changes on Europe from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century." (Kerman, 60) There was a shift towards a more secular society during the
European Renaissance and this is where you can see the dramatic changes to the musical style. The Renaissance marks the door opening for the
European society to change form the predominantly religious mood to a more secular or common society and with this shift the church was
pretty much on hush hush the composers of this time had taken over. This awakening was called humanism. Humanism was more of the use of
reason or and observation. The humanists emphasized the importance of human qualities rather than religious convictions therefore music played
a vital role in this change as well and it evolved right along with the times. In the Renaissance, one of the most popular sacred genres that were
written in Latin text was the Motet. One of the composers of the Motet was Guillaume de Machaut, His motets stand out for their changing
rhythms, longer lengths and integration of sacred and secular texts. Another composer was Thomas Weelkes one example of his music was
Madrigal, "As Vesta Was from Latinos Hill Descending." When it came to the Motet, the Motet had to a greater extent an assortment of words
which permitted the composer to have more of a religious message in the music, and as you read alongside the music you can see that a portion of
the words are right out of the book of Bible its self. Motets touched on certain issues such as politics, love and the loss of love, valor chivalry, desire
and fellowship all at the same time. "The Mass took a more relaxed attitude toward medieval authority." (Kerman, 63) and is also a form of scared
music. One example of a Mass is "Ave Maris Stella" by Guillaume Duffy this more of

Characteristics Of Musical Notation In Ars Subtilior Music
Musical Notation in Ars Subtilior Music
Introduction
During the 14th century, a new style of polyphony developed in France. This new style, called ars nova, was characterized by a new system of
rhythmic notation allowing the use of duple and triple division of note values, as well as complex syncopations. Around 1370, several composers in
Avignon and southern France moved away from the style of the ars nova motet to develop a highly refined and intricate style distinguished by
extremely complex rhythmic notation. The new trend soon spread into northern Italy, northern Spain, and as far as Cyprus. In his Tractatus cantus
mensurabilis, Philippus de Caserta, one of the composers of the ars nova period, described that later style as an artem magis subtiliter, or a "more
subtle art."
Musicologist Ursula GuМ€nther was the first, in 1950, to use the term "
ars subtilior" to refer that complex musical style, which is the term widely used
by musicologists today . In this paper, I am going to talk about the characteristic musical notation in Chantilly Codex of Ars Subtilior Music and its
historical significance in Medieval music history. In addition, I will also make a reflection on the characteristics between the musical notation in Ars
Subtilior and notations in modern music.
Appearance of the "New Art"
The final decades of the fourteenth century witnessed one of the strangest developments on the entire history of music. Characterized primarily by
extremes of notational and

Music During The Middle Ages
Music has a huge impact in modern day society. Different types of genre and sounds of music are discovered every day. Music has become a basic
part of everyday living. From Alternative to Country from Pop to R&B, each type of music has its own unique sound. Every type of music originated
from the same place. The Middle Ages, Medieval Era, was the era where music started to make an upcoming change in society. From secular to
religious use, music altered mankind. Music from the pass is the major key for current music and music in the future. People do not realize that musical
instruments had to start from some place. Over the years, the instruments have been innovated to fit the specific genre's need. From the Lute to the
Guitar from the Harpsichord ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This included the Cittern, Lute, Psaltery, Mandore and Gittern. All of these instruments can be related to the instruments today. The cittern and gittern
sound the same, look the same but they are slighlty differen.t the cittern has rounder body to create a broader sound. These too are similar to a guitar.
Excluding the pear shaped body the gittern and cittern have they both still have the same set up as a guitar. Sound is produced from them by the
action of plucking each string. The sound then travels inside the sound hole bouncing all over the inside of the body creating the sound that most
people enjoy. This is the same thing with the lute, this instrument also has the same characteristics as a guitar, minus the rounded back, the lute and
guitar are practically twins. The Psaltery is similar to a harp, it is also a string instrument that produces sound by the act of plucking. This instrument
is to be set down on a table and played standing up. Unlike the harp, the Psaltery is a horizontal instrument, it can be played using a bow or just your

Describe The Relationship Between Clausula And The Early...
The most important feature of medieval music is that a lot of musical theories and techniques which people use these days were settled in this period.
Composers need a musical notation to express their musical ideas as composers need language and letters to communicate with other people.
Body: (1300)
In the late thirteenth century, a genre 'Motet' became popular as organum and conductus were gradually disappeared and 'fell out of fashion'. This
genre is similar to the way that a textual trope and sequence are originated from Gregorian Chants. The Motet was created on the basis of the discant
clausula. In Notre Dame School in twelfth and thirteenth centuries, because Leonin's clausula was able to be substituted for Perotin's new clausula, the
clausula began to be treated as an independent composition in those days. Therefore, "the clausula began to take on a life of its own, a life that was
responsible for the creation of the motet." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is that the works as in clausula or motets with the same context can be written and composed by musicians and performers might modify those
compositions over time while they sang. The second idea is that the musicians had added texts to melismetic music. It was a little development that
could identify what motet is. That is, composers could include more vocal parts such as duplum and triplum. Motet is evolved from "a textual trope
of a clausula to a newly composed piece valued for its complex patterns and multiple layers of meaning." Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut
in the following century were also the leading composers of medieval

How Did Polyphonic Music Develop During The Medieval Period?
The medieval period ,which included the social and religious developments, roughly spanned from about 500–1450 A.D. Due to the domination of the
Catholic Church during this era, it was a time of heavy church influence and thus sacred music was the most prevalent .
Beginning with the one melody line Gregorian Chant, that is linked to the development of the Christian liturgy, it is a pure and simple style of
melody that lasted over 1,500 years because it stroked a strong sensitive and spiritual chord with individuals. Christians preserved many of the
practices, traditions or worship by singing hymns and offering prayers by singing psalms from the bible. Later sacred music slowly developed into a
polyphonic music called Organum (one or more voice parts), which was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, he was worried that while chanting hymns his affections were drawn more to the "well–trained, melodious voices" than the meaning of
music or worship itself. While he recognized the value of music and that is to stir one's mind to greater religious passion and kindle a more zealous
flame of holiness, he also thought of it as a grievous sin when the music itself brought more enjoyment than the words it conveyed. Nevertheless,
Augustine recognized that King David was ordained as a instrumentalist, and good quality music communicated religious truth, for "the rational and
well–ordered concord of diverse sounds in harmonious variety suggests the compact unity of the well–ordered city." He believed that music could stir
reverent feelings to great certainties, remarkably when well–delivered. However, when musical gifts were stressed over the religious intent, this
grieved the Holy Spirit.
What is Augustine's 'music'? In attempting to answer this question, I shall examine Augustine's De Musica and his Confessions and talk about how he
thinks music should be and how music really was during his

Music from All over the World Presents a Range of Musical...
Music from all over the world presents a range of musical theories. Some of these are documented in writing whilst others are transmitted orally.
Discuss and give examples with reference to both Western and non–Western music.
Music Theory can be understood as chiefly the study of the structure of music. With the idea of both written and oral notation, it may be understood
through recognized systems of indication, and used as systems of memorizing and transmitting the theories themselves. Western music theory is
significant for its quantity and range whilst those of non–Western traditions are also notable in possessing major works of theoretical oration and
literature.
Melodies for texts of the liturgy of the early Western Church were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another method that was used in enriching a melody was by doubling it through the use of parallel consonant intervals. This practice was already
employed in the ninth century treatises 'Musica enchiriadis' and 'Scolica enchiriadis', and the term organum was adopted for several styles of polyphony
illustrating two or more voices singing different notes in pleasing combinations according to the set system. The various styles of organum – such as
parallel organum, mixed parallel and oblique organum, and free organum – illustrated in 'Musica enchiriadis' were ways for singers to embellish chant
in performance based on given rules for developing added voices from the chant. Guido of Arezzo described organum in his 'Micrologus', allowing a
range of choices that could result in a variety of organal voices merging oblique and parallel motion. In most cases, these organal voices were
composed orally, either improvised by a soloist or rehearsed beforehand.
Evidence for such oral composition can be seen in the 'Winchester Troper'; a manuscript of tropes and other liturgical music from an English
monastery in Winchester. It contains 174 organa where only the organal voices are notated in neumes which do not indicate exact pitches but serve as
a reminder for a singer who already knows the music. This strongly suggests that the organal voices were composed and transmitted orally and were
written down as an aid to memory.
The earliest

How Has Medieval Music Changed Over Time
There is no doubt that medieval church music has progressed throughout times. Not only has the music gotten a lot different in terms of sound, the
instruments have also changed, as well as genres, theory, notation, rhythm, and polyphony. If you do not know, polyphony is the existence of different
sounds and vocals all to form one harmonizing melody. All of these factors in generalized church music have changed from year 64 to 2016.
The term medieval refers to the years from 500 to 1450 A.D. The newly founded ideas of Christianity that was brought to Rome gave musicians new
things to talk about in songs. They would now have a new style of music to make, which was mainly about the greatness of future life. One of the
reasons they were making

The Importance Of Medieval Music
We ask ourselves, does medieval music need to be protected against certain types of scholarly approaches? In the 14th century to 15th century it was
important for the people to follow certain approaches and interpretations with music. Many men and women withdrew from the materialistic world, and
devoted themselves to church; they devoted themselves to lives of prayer or theology. In, Elizabeth Eva Leach's article, "Gendering the Semitone,
Sexing the Leading Tone: Fourteenth–Century Music Theory and the Directed Progression, "Reading and Theorizing Medieval Music Theory:
Interpretation and Its Contexts," and in Sarah Fuller's article, "Concerning Gendered Discourse in Medieval Music Theory: Was the Semitone
'Gendered Feminine?" these summaries consist a contrast why the authors argument why medieval music was an integral part of everyday life for
people living in the 14th century through 15th century . These authors both have a different viewpoint of how masculinity and feminine were
influenced under the power of the church and composers who exemplified these ideals, and brought the compositions out of church and spread it across
Western Europe. They both agreed that music and semitones were influenced by gender, but disagreed how feminine and masculine affected people in
a certain approach. Music of the medieval era included liturgical music used for church and chants, and consisted a lot of voice exchanges from
instruments and choral music. Composers had a strict way

Plainchant Compare And Contrast
The plainchants Viderunt Omnes by Anonymous and O viridissima virga by Hildegard of Bingen are both compositions that were created during the
Medieval Age, also known as the Middle Age. The purpose of these pieces were to be served usually in Roman Catholic Churches as music of
worship. Although these two songs are known as plainchants, meaning they are usually monophonic and the melody usually does not change, both
pieces have many similarities and differences. In my personal opinion, I believe that these two piece are more different than they are similar. For
example, Viderunt Omnes is polyphonic for a majority of its duration because it sounds to be sung in unison by a choir and not by a singular person. O
viridissima virga on the other

Medieval Music 500-1450
1. Medieval period ca. Advertisement 500–1450.
Two composers about this period are: (Hildegregard of Bingen What's more Leonin–ca. ). – those primary 500 quite some time from claiming this
period, those pre–dominate kind of music might have been alluded should as Gregorian chant, a monophonic vocal music that might have been sung
Previously, church. Those stayed of the time saw a bit by bit evolving unpredictability in the music from serenade comprising of a absolute melodic line
will two part composing called organum, Furthermore At last should polyphonic consecrated (religiously based) compositions known as motets (often
setting of prayers) Furthermore massenet (settings for specific writings from the custom move fact Mass). A large portion... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Twentieth century 1900–Present. Two composers for this period are: (Philip Glass What's more Aron Copland).– this might have been those practically
varied of the chronicled periods. More styles existed side–by–side Throughout this duration of the time over whatever viable. Radically new
methodologies will composing music created Furthermore were generally embraced. The acknowledgement Toward composers about cacophony as An
alluring caliber in music prompted the abandonment Toward a number listeners of genuine music energetic about more well known styles. For history
cacophony clinched alongside music very nearly invariably determined to consonance. Cacophonous sounds, which soundbox merciless What's more
had a tendency to grate on the ear, made a flimsy feeling for those audience which required An move will additional stable, pleasant sound, a consonant
heartless. That is how cacophony required been took care of for a long time. Composers utilized cacophony uninhibitedly without feeling those
requirement on mollify its impact Toward determining it with a consonant callous. Same time large portions composers embraced this new atonal style
from claiming writing, other dismisses it. The us turned into an real musical compel Throughout this

Similarities Between Secular And Secular Music
Secular music and music intended for mass both played important roles in medieval culture. For a while, the only music was made for worship. There
were certain themes and purposes that shaped church music to be the way that it was and the same with non–religious music, each had a purpose.
There are characteristics of each that separate them from each other and then some characteristics that make them one. One would not be the same
today without the other. These styles of music served as a source of inspiration for later music to come.
Some basic similarities between the two types of music were that both secular and religious music was monophonic, which is when a single
melody is sung by a single person or by a choir in which each member sings the same part. Secular and religious music were intended for
communicating feelings and gave a way to express emotions in a way like never before and both originated from oral cultures and passed down
from memory until religious composers became more literate. Monks and members of the church choir were the main performers of religious music
intended for mass and the troubadors, trouveres, and joungleurs were the performers of secular music. Unlike secular music, music intended for mass
was taken from or inspired by the Bible for worship and was seen as a "musical prayer." Singing about the scripture was another and a more intimate
way to experience the Holy Spirit rather than just reading from scripture. Secular music was intended for parties and dancing mainly about love and
used to entertain people. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instruments used during mass were looked down upon because it was said that they caused a distraction between the people and God. Instruments used
for non–religious music such as dances and festivals were the vielle, harp, psaltery, flute, shawm, bagpipe, and

How Does Monteverdi's Music Form Used In The Latin Language?
The Gregorian Chant was used in the church in the Latin language. It was Developed by Pope Gregory the Great, he used different modes to create it.
The language made it emotional so everyone could feel it. Also, it was the known language at that time so everyone can interpret it. The ways the text
was transformed are syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic. The church first wrote the chant on neumes, ascending and descending symbols to generate
general flow.
2.The Italian Renaissance Madrigal goes from monophonic to polyphonic. It gives the people a more secular type of music. Some have instruments
some do not, there is more of a melody and voices. The poetry affected it by giving it emotions. The audience can feel the music. Claudio Monteverdi
his music was designed to show the how powerful his texts are.
3. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Palestrina was a fixed melody, preexisting to the Gregorian Chant. It was in the Latin language because it's still in the church. It is an acapella
singing where the harmonies are in the third and sixth. Palestrina doesn't distract from the text, there is no virtuosity and no dissonance. It is more
homorhthmic and should be beautiful to beautify the mass.
4.The book gave the people a way makes music without being involved in the church. It gave them a break where they can have parties and not be
all holy about it. The Gregorian chant was monophonic in Latin for the church. Then Leonin and Norte Dame came and added voices and harmonies
to give a more of a beat for the people. The Western music gave people more to move to at parties so they won't be

Guido Of Arezzo Music Theory
When did music begin? Music began 1,000 CE. Music just didn't always come as it is. There were many music improvements by a man named
Guido D'Arezzo. Also known as Guido of Arezzo. He was born in 991 AD, in Arezzo Italy. He died in 1050, of Avellana, Italy. Guido of Arezzo ,ade a
huge part in the music theory. Guido was a medieval era. The things he developed and studied weremusical notation, hexachord, solmization,
organum, and gamut. Guido made a huge part in the music theory. He made the music notation. Musical notation was a visual record of an imaged or
heard musical set of some visual instructions or sound for a performance. This form will usually take a printed or written form and is a very difficult
process. In musical notation the main musical sounds are the location of a musical sound on a scale and pitch. Than Guido of Arezzo made the
hexachord. Hexachord is important in music. The hexachord is a six–note pattern that is comparable to the first six–notes of the major scale. Those
notes are, C–D–E–F–G–A. The hexachord was related in the Renaissance musical theory and in medieval. This strategy was greatly used in the
learning of singing. This form gave the person who was singing a good pitch. This helped with melodies and the reading of music. The names of the
notes on the hexachord are ut, re, mi, fa, sol, and la. This is also known as solmization. Each of the hexachords will include only one semitone between
the sounds of mi and fa. A Semitone is

Compare And Contrast Medieval And Renaissance Music
H. Wildanuer
Music 101 – Mr. Gesin
Mid–term Short Essay Responses
3. Medieval and Renaissance culture varied in many ways, aside from the differing music. In the Medieval age (the time between the 5th and 15th
century), the church controlled many things, not only music. The church was in charge of education, the church also dominated politics. People very
much feared God. Whereas in the Renaissance (15th and 17th century) the state ruled over the church. People in the Renaissance believed that God
wasn't some fearsome being, instead they believed more in logical and practical thinking.
In the Medieval time, art was also very controlled by religion. Most art was based off of religious figures and were colored mostly dull dark colors. In
the Renaissance, while art still contained some religious themes, more and more artists explored things like nature and the human body, they also
began to use brighter colors.
Things like clothing varied from each period. While during the Medieval times, it seemed as if the fashionable look was narrow and ease of the
garment, whereas in the Renaissance, they used extravagant cloths and furs, along with padding for a broad silhouette. During the Renaissance,
clothing molded you into the fashionable shapes and sizes.
4. While an aria is one of the main components to an opera, there are several other components that that contribute to the story line. An aria is a song
for a single voice along with orchestral accompaniment. For the most

The Gregorian Chant: Similar Terms Church Music
This dissertation examines the Gregorian Chant and its background. The Gregorian Chant is in similar terms church music. It is sung as a single vocal
line in free rhythm and a restricted scale. Throughout this dissertation the writer starts by going into detail about the history of the chant and also other
background information during this time and ends by giving speculations about the Old Roman Chant. The Gregorian Chant came about as a change to
the Roman ecclesiastical song. It was said to be sung "almost universally in medieval western and central Europe". The Roman Chant was taken by the
franks. The essay suggests that the melodies were passed on by word of mouth causing changes, and that the chant might have changed before it ever
appeared

Monody Context
Quetext
About Widget FAQ Contact
The concept of monody was detrimental in the progression of music from the Renaissance era into the Baroque, shaping operatic arias into what we
know them to be. Monody is a musical texture consisting of a single solo voice, supported by a free instrumental bass line. The voice line is often
simple yet ornate, using embellishments to motivate the ideas of the libretto. Whilst having simple chordal accompaniment – usually played on a lute,
harpsichord, guitar or harp – the listener can be focused on the text and meaning of the recitative and aria. Two of the more noteworthy developments
of the transition from the Renaissance era to that of the Baroque, was the step away from choral music, and the introduction ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The piece is about love, betrayal, death and anguish. You can see in Figure 1 the figured bass and singular bass line. This is an example of baroque
notation and the freedom that the accompanist had in harmonization and improvisation. Another well–known solo madrigal of the Baroque era is
Giulio Caccini's 1602 piece 'Amarilli mia bella' from Le nuove musiche. Caccini spent most of his life in Florence, Italy – said to be the heart of
Baroque music. He spent a lot of his time as not just a composer and singer of the Medici court, but also a spy for the youngest son of the Grand
Duke of Tuscany, Pietro de'Medici. Caccini was supported by other Florentine nobles, one being Giovanni de'Bardi– leader of the Florentine Camerata
. 'Amarilli, mia bella' is an emotive song expressing love for the singer's betrothed, Amarilli. Based on the Greek myth of Amaryllis, falling in love
with Alteus, a shepherd. Alteus, however, is only interested in the mountainside flowers she is picking and says he can only fall in love with a girl
who brings him a new flower. The story goes Amaryllis takes the advice of the Delphi Oracle, each night waiting on Alteus' doorstep, stabbing

How Did Medieval Music Influence Modern-Day Music?
Medieval music has clearly influenced modern–day music, and a primary example of this is the Gregorian chant. The Gregorian chant came into
existence in the early Middle Ages as a form of religious music. There was no secular music at the time, because the life of the people revolved mainly
around the Church, and there was no time for anything other than religion and survival. Although the Gregorian chant is not found commonly in popular
modern music, it is still sung in certain monasteries and churches around the world at masses and musically has had an impact on music today. The
Gregorian chant was supposed to create a bond between man and religion in a creative and artistic way (Emerson). Music nowadays is also used as
something that expresses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several of the instruments used by people in the Middle Ages were either invented at the time, or were from earlier times, but were made popular by
their presence in the music of the Middle Ages. In addition, some of the most common instruments used today have direct roots in the Middle Ages.
One example is the pipe organ. The pipe organ, though not found in popular music, is found at large cathedrals and basilicas and are still used in
religious Christian music like it was back in the Middle Ages. The pipe organ was invented in the Middle Ages, when there was a large emphasis on
religious music and that certain instrument still exists and is in usage to this day. Although the people and music of the time were highly religious,
there were certain instruments used in the Middle Ages that did not have direct links to religious church music of the time. The fiddle was an
instrument that was common in peasant festivals and celebrations that were not directly affiliated with the church. The fiddle is still used in modern
music today and it is heard mostly in country music as one of the supporting instruments that gives country music it's unique sound. Two other
instruments used in the Middle Ages, the rebec and the viol, are directly linked to a popular group of instruments used in popular music today. The
rebec had "... a round pear–shaped body much like an early violin..."

How Did Medieval Music Changed The Course Of Time
Music has changed over the course of time. Medieval music was very simple and often written with only one melody. But as time goes on, music
becomes more complex. Medieval music were mostly sang a cappella style and with no instruments. But now music is sung in many ways. Many
different types of instruments are used more in music now as well. Music back then was usually about religion, mainly about the Lord Jesus Christ.
There are also music that is about love as well. People would say that music is a gift from God. Because of this, in plays, people would not ever let a
bad character have a singing scene since music is from God. But in the present day, music has many topics. There is music about love, girls, clubs,
religion, break up, and

Turning Points In Medieval Music
There are many categories of turning points we can discover and value, but looking at the intervalic relationships in the harmony throughout these 1,650
years makes it much easier to determine the definitive turning points. This advantage comes from the notion that harmony can be studied in a very
scientific manner. Composers undoubtedly use specific intervals for specific reasons in a period of history, which provides clear evidence of actual
changes in music. For example, the medieval harmony from the middle ages contains mostly intervals of the perfect fifth, the perfect fourth, octave, and
unison (typically on the final note). At the time, these intervals dominated the harmonic and melodic structures because of the musicians' natural ability
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About a minute and a half into it, the harmony moves in full triads and thirds, particularly on the words "virginem ornare." To achieve this, Dufay had
a bass pedal tone with two voices on top in a combination of fourths and thirds (and sixths) above the bass. In doing this, he gains control of the
direction of the harmony, simply because there are more options. Although the third was considered dissonant in the middle ages, gradually over time
the interval was accepted as consonant on a cultural level. Eventually, composers began to realize that they could expand their creativity and control
exponentially with the implementation of the third. Just as the original superparticular ratios in the medieval music opened the doors for thirds to be
incorporated into the melodies and harmonies, these harmonic practices could have theoretically lead to any other

Food In Medieval Times
Food. humans depend on it , without food, everyone would end up dying. People in the medieval times did not have McDonalds or Burger King, no,
they made a foundation to the food humans eat today. Gathering food for the kings and peasants was difficult , it required hard work and
determination, but in the end, the kings and peasants received their food, and food was changing the world. Society dramatically changed due to
peasants and kings eating different food options, feasts, and the Black Plague.
For those living in the manor house, there was a ride range of food available. According to medieval–life.net, "Fowl such as capons, geese, larks, and
chickens were usually available to the lord and his family." This was because those living in the manor house were so high up in the social class, that
they had these food options. themedievalclassroom.com states that " Vegetables and fruits were not often part of their diet as they were seen as peasant
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Melitta Weiss Adamson writes in her book "Food in Medieval Times", "Aside from the diners, the "actors "in the spectacle that was a medieval
feast were the household staff." (162). This shows that there were many key contributors for a medieval feast. "From the top down they included
the steward, who ran the entire household, the marshal, who was his chief official at dinner, the head waiter and the taster, known as the sewer, the
head of the pantry, known as the pantler, the person in charge of the drinks, known as the "butler," the ewerer in charge of the hand washing and
linen, the carver, and the lord's cupbearer. This shows that the lord of that time had my "actors" that each had a specific job to help the lord. (162).
"but at royal feasts, noblemen would be given some of the royal duties, but at royal feasts nobleman would be given some of the serving duties in the
hall." This was because for the royal feasts, the best of the best was

Compare And Contrast Renaissance Music And Medieval Music
The Medieval period began in 500 A.D. and ended in 1450 A.D. During this time in particular, the Catholic Church had significant influence on how
music was used and created. Sacred music, for example, was most prevalent because of this. Due to the religious nature of this period, music in the
church had to adhere to very specific regulations, some of which included prayers such as plainchants or Gregorian chants. A single melody without
harmony, or one musical part sung together in unison, is called a Monophonic melody, which was sung primarily by monks. Some time later, around
900 A.D., the using of two melodic lines was permitted by the church, this music was called organum. A low, continuous note called a drone, was sung
at the same time as the main melody. The two melodies were often moving in contrasting motion to each other. By the Late–Medieval period, 1100
A.D., the music of the church had shifted from monophonic to more polyphonic, often two or more varying parts. The Renaissance period, from 1450
A.D. to 1600 A.D., comprised of two main types of music, sacred and secular. In comparison with the Medieval period, where music was usually
reserved for church purposes, the Renaissance period allowed music to expand beyond the church into upper aristocratic society. Sacred music included
motets and mass, while secular included madrigals, instrumental and dance music. Motets initially came about during the late Medieval period, but
grew sizably during the Renaissance,

Early Medieval Music : The Medieval Era Of Music
After the fall of the Roman Empire, in 450 the Medieval Era of music began. Early medieval music was influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
with most compositions being sacred and not secular. Gregorian Chant was a melody set to sacred texts and is sung without accompaniments. There
was also no meter, monotone texture, narrow pitch range and varied melody movements. Hildegard of Bingen was a female composer who wrote
many Gregorian Chants, one being Kyrie the first part of the Mass. As far as secular music, the troubadours and trouveres were responsible for creating
songs mostly about love. The Medieval Era was responsible for developing polyphony in music.
After a thousand years the Renaissance Era began with advancements in music as well as the real world with explorers like Columbus traveling the
globe making new discoveries. This era saw new instruments such as the organ, lute, and recorder come into fruition. The mass remained to be an
important sacred music in addition to the motet. Motets were any sacred music other than the mass. Josquin Des Prez composed both masses and
motets. The madrigal was a secular vocal music created during this time that used polyphony and word painting which is essentially used to enhance
meaning and emotion of a text. The Renaissance Era was responsible for developing polyphonic imitation with homophonic voices.
The Baroque Era began in 1600 with the creation instrumental music and the Baroque Orchestra, a group of instrumentalist playing

Perotin Is Hailed As A Kind Of Mozart Of His Time
PГ©rotin is hailed as a sort of Mozart of his time. He was a scholarly musician and musical innovator . PГ©rotin is called by many different names:
Perotinus – his Latin Name and Perotinus Magnus – PГ©rotin the Great ; and even "optimus discantor", or great composer of discant. According to
Hussman, PГ©rotin was a court composer for Notre Dame, but his connection to Notre Dame is not entirely confirmed. It is because of an account by
the English traveler Anonymous IV and letters to a Bishop that it is accepted that PГ©rotin was associated with Notre Dame. Whether he wrote
specifically for Notre Dame or not, PГ©rotin wrote magnificent music that has been preserved for several centuries to this day .
The life of PГ©rotin is uncertain and full of speculation. Different scholars have very diverse ideas of PГ©rotin's life. Tischler believed that
PГ©rotin was born sometime between 1155 and 1160. He also stated that he was a pupil of Leonin, the composer of the Magnus liber. PГ©rotin is
believed to have to have been a better organum composer the Leonin himself and even revised the Magnus liber at the end of the 12th century between
1180 and 1190 . In revising the Magnus liber, PГ©rotin composed and inserted his own clausula and puncta, such as Alleluya Nativitas into the Magnus
liber. The works of PГ©rotin are known to be beautiful and thoughtfully voiced with colorful textural harmonies. Sometime after revising the Magnus
liber, PГ©rotin began composing three–voice organum. Later in his life,

Medieval Music : The Music Of The Medieval Period
This period was the longest period of musical history. Most of the music in the medieval period were related and dedicated to religion.
Many of the instruments used were ancestors of the modern musical instruments. The lute, the string instrument, a popular instrument of the medieval
time period, eventually evolved into guitars. Recorders, also from this period, is one of the oldest woodwind and the forefather of the flute and clarinet.
The early music of this period was monophonic, it only had one line of melody without any harmony or accompaniment but had Gregorian chant, which
came with religious music.
During the 11th century, music appeared with the forefather of harmony: two or more lines of harmony.
The music was also very monotone and plain
Music were composed by monks and most of the medieval music is anonymous; the names of the composers were either lost or never written down.
However, extremely important composers had their work credited. Such as Hildegard of Bingen, Guillaume de Machaut, Comtessa de Dia, Peter
Abelard.
Many important composers were also female; the era included a large number of female composers because they were educated (compared to baroque,
classical and romantics period where patriarchy was at its peak).
While religious music still dominated, secular music became more popular . New instruments were invented and older instruments, such as the lute,
evolved.
The harpsichord (that later became the piano) was invented during this time.

Christian Music Vs Medieval Music
Music has been a common influence amongst many different cultures for many centuries. It is the gateway that many cultures use to express their way
of life. For example, in many cultures, they use music for praise and worship, for entertainment, and for mourning.During the semester we've discussed
many and different types of people and their cultures. Some cultures, such as the Christian Era, the Buddhist Era, and the Medieval Era have different
values and attitudes in which they use music. To begin with, in the Early Christian Era, music was considered sensuous and emotional. This meant that
when music was played, it would be interpreted in a sexually or physical manner in which the church did not approve of. In the text, its state that ("

The Death Influenced Music Of The Medieval And Renaissance...
In this essay I will discuss how death influenced artists in the Medieval and Renaissance era. I will do this by explaining the view of death and its
sacraments in society. By examining events around this period I can determine the reason behind such attitudes. I will then apply this knowledge to
four works by artists from 1400–1500. I will examine how these societal perceptions influenced the narrative behind the work. I will conclude that the
view of death and the dying man had a great impact on the art of these periods.
The subject of death in Medieval and Renaissance art was predominant. With the rise of the Black Death during the fourteenth century many art works
centred on hell, the dying man, and anthropomorphising death. Instead ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A death which was sudden was shamed and was often interpreted as the "wrath of God"[2]. Death is depicted in its traditional form as a skeleton
covered by a shroud. In his hand he carries an arrow ready to strike. Furthermore, the armoury in the foreground symbolises the fragility of the
human condition in the face of death. Armour is no longer of use; you could not fight death, you had to accept it. Looking closely at the painting,
we observe the inner battle between religion and possession. The miser while looking directly at Death reaches for a bag of gold which is being
used by a demon to tempt him away from salvation. "Infernal imps invade the dying man's room taking his possessions; even those hidden under
the bed and in his money box"[3]. Next to him, an angel is desperately trying to make the man turn his head to the figure of Christ in the window. A
ray of light from Christ symbolises the miser's possible salvation if he turns away from the materialistic reality. The dull colour scheme is interrupted
by the old man stood at the foot of the bed. His green drapes a welcome contrast to the composition breaking up the narrative. With a key and rosary
beads hanging around his waist, does this depict continuous narrative? Has the angel succeeded in persuading the miser to take salvation with God?
We can assume yes. "During the Medieval and Renaissance period people

How Has Medieval Music Changed Over Time
Music has changed drastically over the years, effected by culture, religion and many other factors. The Medieval era starts the general progression of
music change that is generally recorded as records predating the Medieval era are infrequent at best and mostly consist of knowledge of instrument or
psalms handed down through generations (such as with the Jewish religion). Thus the Medieval period is were records of actual songs are found.
Records from this era and beyond begin to display the evolution of the art. The foundation of music development from 700–1450 CE starts with the
creation of the Gregorian chant in Europe in approximately 600 CE, credited to be created by Pope Gregory the first of the roman catholic church.
Monks would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was around this time that the first large collection of such secular songs was written that are still decipherable in any notation and where
developed by French noblemen called troubadours and trouveres, although they may have been active as early as the 12th century. A prominent
example of one such person is theologist Henri de Malines. The 12th and 13th centuries were a changing time for the world. Knights where gaining
fame as musical poets, and even women were acting as troubadours. For the masses, traveling minstrels called jongleurs came into existence as early
as the 12th century (being the lowest class with no civil rights and where the lowest social level). However, in time with an absence of newspaper or
other such media, they were a critical source of news for the average person. Paris, France became the center of polyphonic music in the year 1150,
and Notre Dame became famous for its composers' rhythmic development such as the measured rhythm. Finally, in the late 13th century, one of the
earliest form of recorded music with instruments called estampie in France. With the end of the 100 Years War in the 14th century, the idea of virtue in
music was gradually being replaced by sensuality. This lead to drastic changes in music in the 14th century creating an Ars Nova with new innovations
such as Syncopation that would lead into the Renaissance

The Roles Of Vocal Music In The Middle Ages
acred vocal music has developed dramatically over time and is still continuing to do so. This type of music in the Middle Ages was very simple
compared to the religious vocal music in the Classical Era. Some differences in the two include the textures of the music, the harmonies throughout the
piece, dynamics and rhythm, and even what the sacred music was about.
The music of the early Christian church featured monophonic, nonmetric melodies set in the church modes or scales. Sacred vocal music in the Middle
Ages, like Gregorian Chants, are set to latin texts and sung unaccompanied with a single line melody, making them a monophonic. Gregorian chants
have small leaps, allowing its smooth figure to create a kind of musical speech. Free from regular phrase structure, the continuous vocal line is the
musical counterpart to the ornamentation found in medieval art and architecture. In chants that serve for recitations, such as psalms, lessons, or
prayers, the music is secondary to a clear projection of the text; these settings are predominantly syllabic and use relatively few pitches.The Gregorian
melodies, numbering more than three thousand, form an immense body of music that was composed by unknown sources.
Later on, musical instruments were allowed in church, but it was mainly used for important days in the Liturgical calendar. Music during the Middle
Ages is characterized by the beginning of musical notation as well as polyphony. During this time, there were two general

Gregorian Era
In the Middle Ages from 450 AD to 1450,AD nearly a thousand years begin the birth of Western music and the arts. Unlike the music and arts from
other eras the culture of arts and music was enormously sacred and closed minded where only the wise could be involved with those. Even the rich
and the noble were unable to reach, but only the wise and educated ones were the only ones to pursue. Therefore, most music during the medieval was
in voice; although instruments were present, they were unpopular and considered to be the evil. Most of the songs that were created were the Gregorian
chant and it becomes one major genre and considered to be a religious music that was used to reflect their spiritual faith and belief. According to
history, in the middle Ages, the Gregorian chant is considered as the grandfather of all Western music. It all begins around early 450 AD during the
Roman Empires, when some religious groups monks started to compose music for their gatherings and church services. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According the book, Music: An Appreciation (Brief), she was the head of the nuns abbess of Rupertsberg in Germany and she was active in religious
and diplomatic affairs. Moreover, she was the first woman composer from whom many of works–monophonic sacred songs–have survived. In fact,
according to the Kemien, she also wrote poetry and music; treatises on theology, science, and medicine; and a musical drama, Ordovirtutum (Play of
the Virtues), which is the earliest known morality play. The "O successors" is a song is simply about her successor to Christ. She implies a technique
called a drone which is a sustaining tone or the fundamental frequency that plays or sings in the background with the melody which gives a more bass
tone on the

Hildegard's O Rubor Sanguinis, And The Gregorian Chants
Life in the Middle Ages revolved around the Church, which was the Roman Catholic. So, we can imagine early music was pretty much from church.
Every morning at 9 o'clock was Mass, a significant ceremony done to commemorate the Last Supper. At this church service, the music was the
Gregorian Chant. The Gregorian chant is performed in the Latin language, unison voice and accompanied by no instruments which was believed that
the text of the song which carried the divine message from God was more important. The music was just to help you get to a spiritual place (Wright,
4–1a). A woman named Hildegard of Bingen wrote a Gregorian chant piece called" O Rubor Sanguinis (O Redness of Blood). As the tenth child of
her parents, they gave her as a tithe to the church. In turn, she received a great education especially learning to write and note music as well as
founded her own convent. Gregorian chants were either composed by men or women, it was a rule of the church that both gender wasn't allowed to
sing together. Men could sing in the church or monasteries while women were more to convents. So, in Hildegard's O Rubor Sanguinis, you hear
only women voices as was the case with most of her music. Listening to the song, I can hear the women's voices in unison which makes it easy to
follow the melody. I can't clap to find a beat to it which is understandable because it's sacred music and meant for prayer and meditation. You also hear
multiple notes being sung to one syllable or

The Evolution of the Motet Essay
The Evolution of the Motet
The Evolution of the Motet
Throughout the history of music, there have been few styles that not only have opened doors to masterwork compositions in their own genres, but have
also led the way to other musical techniques over the musical eras and one of these magical music styles is the motet. The motet can easily be confused
with other musical structures but what separates the motet from other types of group–performance based styles of music is "a piece of music in several
parts with words."1 This is the closest definition of motet as can be said without overgeneralization and will operate from the beginning of the 13th
century well into the late 16th century and beyond. Some scholars ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Medieval motets tended to be isorhythmic; that is, they employed repeated rhythmic patterns in all voices–not only the cantus firmus–which did not
necessarily coincide with repeating melodic patterns."2 This new isorhythmic principle, brought on mostly by the composer Machaut, was used not
only in the tenor voice but also rather with much more freedom in the upper voice parts. The application of discant over a cantus firmus marked the
beginnings of this new revolutionary style, the motet, in Western music. The key motet composers in the medieval period were few in number; Phillip
de Vitry and Machaut were one of the earliest composers to institute the isorhythmic technique, which set the style for other medieval composers like
Willelmus de Winchecumbe. Guillaume de Machaut was a more famous named late–medieval composer to institute the discant which caught on in
other music styles and only helped to evolve the motet into its later stylings. These composers helped carry the motet to the new Flemish motet style.
The Flemish style of motets marked the peak of the motet, in my opinion. The Flemish motet was more polished and refined while in contrast, the
medieval motet was a diamond in the rough.

Essay Middle Ages & Renaissance Study Guide (Unit 2)
Middle Ages
Dates: 500–1450
1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? It was a chaotic period of social and political unrest. Religious and political
differences between and within regions led to nearly constant warfare.
The life of all the classes was dominated by the feudal system – feudalism.
2. Who or what had the power? The church
3. Who were learned or literate? holy men or people of important status such as kings, queens, and knights most other people were illiterate
4. Who were allowed to sing in church? Only men were allowed to sing in church
5. Most of the music that was notated during the middle ages was sacred or secular? sacred
6. Was most medieval music vocal? yes
7. What is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is a drone? Sustained tone
17. What is an ostinato? Persistently repeated melodic or rhythmic pattern
18. What is the liturgy? Words of the mass
19. Who is Guillaume de Machaut? 14th century poet and musician who composed the first complete polyphonic setting of the entire Ordinary of the
Mass.
20. What city became the musical center of Europe during the mid to late Middle Ages? What was the musical center of this city and who worked
there? Vienna Composers came from all over Europe to train in and around Vienna, and gradually they developed and formalized the standard musical
forms that were to dominate European musical culture for the next several decades.
21. Composers began to write polyphonic songs that were not always based on chant, what were they based on instead?
22. By the 14th century a new system of music notation had evolved. It allowed a composer to specify almost any rhythmic pattern. Were beats now
divided into two or three parts or both? Was syncopation used? Both and yes
Renaissance
Dates: 1450–1600
1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like?
2. What is humanism? Period characterized by a new optimism, that began in 14th century Italy and spread throughout western Europe during the

Renaissance
3. What effect did the printing press have on music? It enabled books to be printed quickly and inexpensively, making them

The Three Eras Of The Medieval, Renaissance And Baroque...
The three most well–known, and arguably most important, musical eras in western civilizations would be the; medieval, Renaissance and Baroque time
periods. With the basics of music with Gregorian chant and organum from the medieval era to the newfound polyphony texture from the Renaissance
and the equal temperament and major–minor tonality of the baroque era; Each time period brings a part of the foundation that most past, present, and
future music is and will be based on. While it may seem that these three eras or completely different, they do contain several underlying similarities.
Beginning at around 476 AD, the medieval era is mostly related to the church as most music from this era is sacred. The style of this era, the Gregorian
chant is monophonic only comprising of the plainchant (or the single– line melodies of early church music) in texture only comprising of the
plainchant (or the single– line melodies of early church music). It is not until the arrival of the French composers LГ©onin and PГЁrotin in 1100 and
1200 respectively that polyphony would be incorporated into musical worship with the "decoration" of Gregorian chant with one or more simultaneous
musical lines, thus transitioning from Gregorian chant to Organum. During this era, most of the music and roles for musicians belonged to the church
except for the troubadours of southern France and the trouvГЁres of northern France. The music was responsorial between the mass and the father
during church and was

How Did Catholic Church Sacred Music Influence Medieval...
Between the back drop of the end of the Roman Empire and of closing of the Dark Ages the Roman Catholic Church had rose to pre–eminence to fill
the governing roles in medieval society by direct control or through influence. This influence had grown to dominate nearly every walk of life of the
time. With clergy the most literate people of the time the nobility had to depend on them as counsel. During 450 –1450 AD basic traditions of western
culture in both art and music had formed. Through the guidance of the Church sacred music, Gregorian chant had become the most common in Europe.
A very important role of the church was as a patron of the arts. In music nearly all composers and singers were priests within the churches and
monasteries. Singing had become to play a very important role within the Church. Inspired liturgical music was incorporated into the Mass as
Ordinary and Propers sung in Latin. Women of the time were not allowed to sing in public places like a church unless they were members of a
convent. However, a notable woman composer of Gregorian chant was Hildegard von Bigen O.S.B. Having lived her life as a Benedictine nun she
was very talented in many disciplines including medicine. But her compositions such as Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues) are significant in the
history of sacred music. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The form of music is named after Pope Gregory I who initiated the collecting and indexing chants used by the Church around the sixth century. It is
sung monophonic in Latin either syllabic/neumatic or melismatic. Sacred music continued to be developed culminating the Organum (parallel, syllabic
/nematic & melismatic) and later polyphonic Ars Antiqua (Old Art) and later still Ars Nova (New Art). During the reign of Charlemagne in the ninth
century Gregorian chant was the unified body of music in the

Music Is A Form Of Expression And Beauty
The science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, combination, and temporal relationships produce a composition having unity and
continuity; in layman's terms, music. Music is an art that has evolved for many centuries. It is a form of expression and beauty. It has come a long
way from beating rocks with sticks and listening to the sound. A drastic change took place during theRenaissance Period. The instruments changed, new
genres emerged, and new composition techniques were used.
Renaissance means rebirth, and in a sense there was a rebirth.The Renaissance Period took place in Europe during the 14th and 17th centuries.
Civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and
values.
Fig. 1 In Fig. 1 you see a very elegant violin or viol which has very fascinating designs on the front and back of it. The author gives a very detailed
description of the crafting of this fine instrument. As follows:
The maple back and sides are decorated with the Latin couplet "Quo unico propugnaculo stat strabiq[ue] religio" (By this bulwark alone religion
stands and will stand). The motto has long been associated with a set of instruments that was thought to have been ordered for the court of Charles IX,
possibly by his mother Catherine de ' Medici. The back of the instrument is decorated with fleurs–de–lis in the corners, a geometric design with floral
ornamentation between the

Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy

Similar to Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy (18)

More from Maritza Peterson

More from Maritza Peterson (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy