2. Genital tract infection & sexual
Transmitted disease
Most of the genital tract infection
transmitted by the sexual contact- but very
few infections are not transmitted by
sexual contact. The genital tract infection
can give serious complications may lead
to abortion, still birth, premature child in
case of congenital infection such as
syphilis, sterility or infertility. Most of
genital tract infections infect both male &
female but few of them infect one sex.
3. Urethritis
Urethritis infection of urethra and cause by
N. gonorrhea, but also can be caused by
other organisms and then called non-
specific Urethritis (Chlamydia serotype O-
K, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureoplasma, T.
vaginalis, C. albicans, and Gardnella
vaginalis).
In female has another term cervicitis the
organisms such as Neisseria found in the
cervix can not reach vagina due to acid
pH.
4. Syphilis
Caused by T. pallidum.
Has three stage.
chancre (painless & hard chancre) in
genital organs.
GTI + congenital disease.
5. Cancroids
It's lesion in genital tract.
Caused by H. ducreyi soft chancre painful.
Infect G.T& it is sexual T. disease .
for both sexes.
6. Lymphograunloma venereum
(LGV)
It is GTI & sexually T. disease.
Lesion, ulcers & Enlargement of lymph
nodes.
Caused by Chlamydia serotype L1, L2,
L3.
lymph node contain fluid, pus, organisms.
7. Granuloma ingiunale
It is GTI & sexual T. disease.
for both sexes.
Caused by Calymmatobacterium
granalomatis.
Lesion contain fluid.
8. Granuloma ingiunale
Can not be culture in culture media.
Use Giemsa stain to diagnose it, giving
pink capsulated bacilli (called donovani
bodies).
Strict in tropical area. (lymph nodes not
involve)
The complication bone destruction
9. Herpes genitals
It is GTI & sexual T. disease
For both sexes.
Caused by herpes simplex virus 2.
Cause lesions very painful & highly
infectious.
Diagnosis: direct Immunofluorescence,
serology & tissue culture.
10. Vaginitis
Characterized by vaginal discharge mainly
caused by C. albicans & T. vaginalis
It is GTI for female but can be transmitted
by sexual contact to male and then call it
Urethritis.
Can also be caused by G. vaginalis and
then called non-specific vaginitis or called
vaginosis
11. Vaginitis
other causes, anaerobic gram -ve group
Bacteroides & Prevotella & mobilincus.
The infection happen when replacement
of lactobacilli occur.
12. Vaginitis
C. albicans :
C. albicans monilia - cause Candidiosis
or Moniliasis in pregnant female. Diabetic
pt- female used contraceptive pills
(suspected to C. albicans infection
characterized by white vaginal discharge
(also called vaginal thrush).
13. Vaginitis
Trichomonas vaginalis:
Characterized by thick, colored with very
bad smell discharge & vaginal irritation.
Non-specific vaginitis:
Characterized by non purulent offensive
discharge grey without pus all - caused by
anaerobes.
Ideal pH of vagina 3 - 4 ... but it will rise
due to replacement of lactobacilli.
14. Vaginitis
Non-specific vaginitis:
Characterized by non purulent offensive
discharge grey without pus all - caused by
anaerobes.
Ideal pH of vagina 3 - 4 ... but it will rise
due to replacement of lactobacilli.
15. Puerperal sepsis
Infection of G.T of female only.
Not sexual T. disease .
Happen during gynecological procedures
(septicemia).
The main causative agents: S. pyogens,
anaerobic cocci, Enterococci, Other B.
haemolytic strept, S. aureus ,
L. monocytogens. B. fragilis,
C. perfringens & Coliform.
16. Toxic shock syndrome
It is GTI of female during period.
Not sexual T. disease.
Caused by S. aureus.
17. Prostitis
It is GTI of male only and not sexual T.
disease can be as complication of UTI.
causative agents Enterococci & E. coli.
18. Hepatitis B
Caused by HB virus.
Transmitted through blood, injection and
fluids.
It's not genital T. infection but it's sexual T.
disease.
Can infect both sexes.
20. Genital wart
Skin infection caused by papilloma virus
Cause benign tumor.
Infect the genital area (skin) but not the
GT.
Transmitted sexually.
21. Scabies and public lice
Caused by ectoparasite called Scabies
Sexual transmitted but not GTI.
22. Valvovaginitis
Occur in young female not adult one
mainly caused by using contaminated
bedclothes sharing of personal clothes.
Also happen due to over growth of vaginal
commensals.
The organisms present in vagina due to
absent of lactobacilli.
23. Salpingitis and granalomatis
infection
Infection faloup tube.
Characterized by granuloma.
Caused by M - tuberculosis.
Actinomycetes.
Not sexual T. disease but it's genital T. I
24. Salpingitis and granalomatis
infection
The causative agent reach the genital tract
through the blood (M. tuberculosis -
Actinomycetes) .
Also can be caused as a complication of
Urethritis.
26. LAB Diagnosis
I. Urethral discharge:
Mainly from male (the best sample) can be
taken by swab (called urethral swab)
collected in case of Gonorrhea.
Better collect 2 swabs:
1-For direct examination:
do smear immediately.
2-For culture: immediately or in transport
media
27. LAB Diagnosis
Direct examination:
Two smears:
Gram stain. (Gram stain fixation by
methanol not heat )
Immunofluorescence ( or Giemsa stain for
inclusion bodies).
Culture:
CBA & selective media (MNYC): for
Neisseria.
28. LAB Diagnosis
Culture:
Special media: for Mycoplasma.
Tissue culture: for Chlamydia.
2. Cervical specimen:
Collect by endoscope.
In case of gonorrhea (Treat as urethral
discharge [MNYC] ).
29. LAB Diagnosis
Also collected in case of non-specific
Urethritis (Mycoplasma - Chlamydia ...
etc).
3. Vaginal discharge:
High vaginal swab (HVS) mainly collected
in case of vaginitis - non. Specific vaginitis
- toxic shock syndrome - puerperal sepsis
- Valvovaginitis.
30. LAB Diagnosis
Collect two swabs:
1. For direct examination:
Smear immediately + wet preparation
2. For culture immediately or in transport
media.
if suspect T. vaginalis use T.V transport
media
31. LAB Diagnosis
Direct examination:
1. Wet preparation for T.V.
2. Gram stain & M. B for Candida.
3. Immunofluorescence - ELISA - PCR for
Chlamydia.
Culture:
BA mainly for S. pyogens.
SAB mainly for Candida .
32. LAB Diagnosis
In case of puerperal sepsis:
BA + an O2 BA - Kanamycin -
Vancomycin BA (Bacteroids) -
Neomycin BA for Clostridia - N.A BA for
listeria - MacC for Enterococci and
Coliform.
4. Fluids & Scrapings:
For treponema - syphilis
33. LAB Diagnosis
Dark field microscope.
Silver impregnation.
Immunofluorescence.
Donovan bodies for Catamatobacterium
granulomatis.
Giemsa stain.
5. Urine & prostatic fluid:
34. LAB Diagnosis
For Gonorrhea in male:
Can be detected if the urine or fluid is
fresh & first stream urine not MSU.
To detect also urea plasma.
6. Blood for culture:
Toxic shock syndrome.
Puerperal sepsis.
35. LAB Diagnosis
7. Blood for serology:
The culture has a very poor role in
diagnosis of some Genital Tract Infections.