HELPFUL FOR RESEARCH STUDENTS HOW TO PREPARE THE SYNOPSIS

1. HOW TO
MAKE
SYNOPSIS
BY MAMTA PARIHAR
MSC. NURSING PREVIOUSYEAR
G.C.O.N Jodhpur

2. GEORGE SANTAYANA.
THE WISEST
MIND HAS
SOMETHING YET
TO LEARN.

3. INTRODUCTION
 Latin word, meaning “general view,
 from the Greek
word a stem of synoran from syn-
"together" + horan "to see, view.“
 "to see altogether, all at once,"
 It is based on the information
provided by the supervisor and by
secondary sources of information.

5. DEFINITION:-
 A synopsis is a brief summary of
the major points of a subject or
written work, story, or theses
either as prose or as a table; an
abridgment or condensation of a
work.

6. BEFORE STARTING
 Before starting to work on
Dissertation, the student has to send
a Synopsis to university and get it
approved.
 The synopsis is a brief out line (about
four A-4 size pages or 1000 words is
the maximum limit) of your MSc.
research work.

7. A SYNOPSIS MUST
HAVETHE FOLLOWING
HEADINGS:
SYNOPSIS HEADINGS

8. Part A:PERSONAL
DETAILS
 NAME OFTHE CANDIDATE (BLOCK
LETTERS)
 ADDRESS OFTHE CANDIDATE
 NAME OFTHE INSTITUTION
 NAME OFTHE COURSE AND SUBJECT
 DATE OF ADMISSIONTOTHE COURSE
 TITLE OFTHETOPIC

9. PART B: RESEARCH
PROPOSAL DETAILS
INTRODUCTION :-
Need for the study
Review of related literature
PROBLEM STATEMENT
OBJECTIVES

10. Cont......
 HYPOTHESIS
 VARIABLES
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
 ASSUMPTIONS
 DELIMITATION
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 MATERIALSAND METHOD

11. MATERIALS AND METHODS:-
 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
 POPULATION
 SAMPLINGTECHNIQUE
 SAMPLE SIZE
 SAMPLING CRITERIA
 Inclusive criteria
 Exclusive criteria
 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

12. PART A
All the personal details should
given in capital letters.
TITLE
It should be comprehensive to
reflect the main contents and
subjects of the research plan to
be undertaken by the student.

13. Cont….
 For e.g., “ A descriptive study to assess
the knowledge and practice of staff
nurses regarding mechanical ventilator
in ICU’S of selected hospitals of jodhpur”
 Should reflect the objectives of the
study.
 It must be written after the whole
synopsis has been written so that it is a
true representative of the plan……

14. PART B:-INTRODUCTION
 Should contain brief background of
the selected topic.
 It must identify the importance of
study, its relevance and
applicability of results.
 It must clearly state the purpose of
the study.

15. NEED FOR STUDY
It reflects the magnitude of the
research problem taken by the
researcher.
The face of that problem at the
world level which supports the
relevance and importance of the
problem.

16. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
 It is a systematic search of nursing
research articles to find out what is
known about a topic.
 It’s an important section for relevant
research articles from different
sources, like library, scientific
journals, internet, major supervisor;
senior students and others actively
working in selected topic of studies.

17. Cont....
 Student must be critical in
selection of relevant research
papers, their review and
integration.
 It is recommended that student
must study at least 15-20 original
research papers before starting
writing of synopsis and must have
copies of such papers with them.

18. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The foremost step of a research
process is to discover an
interesting and research worthy
problem.
Whole process can get wasted if
the research problem is not
clearly understood or defined.

19. CONT…
It Articulates the problem to
be addressed and indicates
the need for a study through
the development of an
argument.
Problem statement
generally has 6 components

20. 1. Relevance of the study
2. Title of the study
3. Operational definition of
the variable
4. Objectives of the study
5. Delimitations of the study
6. Scope and limitation of the
study

21. OBJECTIVES

22. OBJECTIVES
They inform the reader clearly
what the researcher plans to do
work.
They must identify the variables
involved in research.
They should start with an action
verb like to assess, to describe,
to evaluate etc. and be
(SMART).

23. SMART

24. HYPOTHESIS
 It is a formal tentative statement of
the expected relationship between
two or more variables under study.
 Hypothesis converts the question
posed by the research problem into a
declarative statement that predicts
an expected outcome. For example
smoking causes lung cancer.

25. VARIABLES
 Variables are qualities, properties,
or characteristics of person, things,
or situations that change or vary.
 Variables are classified based on
their nature, actions, and effects on
the variables.
 The main type of variable are as
follows:-

26. TYPES OF VARIABLES
Independent variable: It is a
stimulus or activity that is
manipulated
Dependent variable: It is the
outcome or response due to the
effect of the independent
variable

27.  Research variable: which are observed
or measured in a natural setting
without `manipulating and
establishing cause –and –effective
relationship.
 Demographic variables: establish
relation of the demographic variables
with the research variable.
 Extraneous variables: which are not
the part of the study but may affect
the measurement of study variable.

28. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
 It is definition of a term specifically
telling how it will be measured for e.g.
 Morbidity: this encompass a number of
aspects viz. prolonged hospital stay,
severe pain, immediate complications,
long term sequel.
 A research must define how a vague
term will be measured.

29. ASSUMPTIONS
 A realistic expectation which is
something that we believe to be
true.
 However, no adequate evidence
exists to support this belief.
 It is an act of faith which does not
have empirical evidences to support
it.

30. DELIMITATION
A researcher can’t research on
the whole world ,he should
delimit his research in a
particular area and a particular
population so the research will
be completed in the expected
time.

31. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 It presents logically constructed concept
to provide general explanation of the
relationship between the concepts of the
research study, without using a single
existing theory.
 These are usually constructed by using
researcher’s own experiences, previous
research findings, or concepts of several
theories or models.

32. CONCEPT OF RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH APPROACHES AND
DESIGNS
 These are two terms that are frequently
used interchangeably; However research
design is a broader plan to conduct a
study, and research approach is an
important element of the research
design, which governs it.

33. ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH DESIGN
 Research design is also known as a
blueprint that researchers select to carry
out their research study; sometimes
research design is used interchangeably
with the term methodology.
 Researchers often describe a design
using a concise notation that enables us
to summarize complex design structure
efficiency.

34. THE APPROACH
 The approach helps to decide about the
presence or absences as well as
manipulation and control over variables.
 In addition, it also helps to identify the
presence or absence of and comparison
between groups.
 The approach of research study depends
on several factors, but primarily on the
nature of phenomenon under study.

35. POPULATION, SAMPLE,
AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Research design also provides
the researcher with directions
about population, sample, and
sampling technique, which will
be used for the research study.

36. THE TIME, PLACE, AND
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
 Time (specifying days, months, and
years of study), location (study
setting) and the sources of the
requisite data are the other
important constituents essential to
ensure effective planning to
conduct a research study.

37. TOOLS AND METHODS OF
DATA COLLECTION
 This element of research design
involves the description of different
tools and methods of data collection,
for example, questionnaires,
interviews, direct observation or any
other methods that suite the particular
approach of the research as well as
nature of the phenomenon under
study.

38. FORMAT OF SYNOPSIS
MATERIALS AND METHODS
 SOURCE OF DATA COLLECTION
 POPULATION
 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
 SAMPLINGTECHNIQUE
 SAMPLE SIZE
 SAMPLE SELECTION:-Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

39. REFERENCES
List the references in the same
order as they are referred to in
the synopsis
 Make sure all references listed
are properly referred in the text.


40. SUMMARY
 Synopsis is a proposal often begins with
a summarized overview of the
proposed research project.
 It should not be more than one full
page stating the study objectives,
sample and size, methods to be used,
duration and evaluation methods.
Acc to M Annersten,* RWredling

41. ANY ?
THANKS FOR
YOUR PATIENCE