3. Outline…….
What’s the cloning ?
Way of making clone?
Types of cloning?
Cloning Benchmark.
Cloning advantages & disadvantages.
Innternational laws about cloning in World map.
4. Lets Define It………….
Cloning is the process of producing similar population of
genetically identical individuals occurs in nature when
organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduced
asexually.
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create
copies of DNA fragments
The term also refers to the production of multiple copies a
products such as digital media or software.
In botany the term LUSUS was traditionally used.
5. Way To Make Out Clones……….
Artificial Embryo Twinning: Artificial embryo twinning is done by imitating the
process that creates identical twins. An embryo is split up and each part is put in a
petri dish to develop. They are then placed in a surrogate mother. The resulting
clones are exact genetic copies of each other. But it is very low tech process to
create clones.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT): Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer is a
laboratory technique for creating a clonial embryo, using an egg cell, that has had
it's nucleus removed, and a nucleus from a cell of a different animal. It can be used
in embryonic stem cell research, or potentially, in regenerative medicine where it is
sometimes referred to as "therapeutic cloning." It can also be used as the first step
in the process of reproductive cloning.
7. DNA CLONING OR GENE CLONING…………
Clone has made from this technique. It practice since 1970.
DNA fragment is transferred to self-replicating element
Used to generate multiple copies of the same gene not cells
or entire animal.
8. REPRODUCTIVE CLONING OR ADULT
DNA CLONING………
Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an
animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or
previously existing animal.
“DOLLY” the sheep was cloned by Reproductive cloning.
9. THERAPEUTIC CLONING…………..
like reproductive cloning, except that the embryos are not
allowed to develop fully.
The purpose of therapeutic cloning to extract stem cell
from embryo and study them.
Produce whole organs from cloned stem cells.
Produce healthy cells for transplantation.
Stem cells can be used to treat heart disease,
Alzheimer's, cancer, and various other diseases.
10. CLONING BENCHMARK: “DOLLY”
THE SHEEP………………
Dolly was the first mammal have
been successfully cloned from
adult cell.
It took 277 tries to produce a
successful clone.
She was cloned at Roslin Institute
in Scotland and lived therefore.
her berth 5th July,1996 untill her
death in 22nd February 2003 when
she was six.
Her stuffed remains were placed
at Edinburgh’s Royel Museum, part
of the National Museums of
Scotland.
11. Cloning: The Good & The Bad
The Good The Bad
Potential benefits to modern
medicine
Helping infertile couples
Reverse the aging process
Protecting Endangered
Species
The Element of Uncertainty
Inheriting diseases
The Potential for Abuse
12.
13. Questions to Consider…………
• Do you approve of human cloning?
• Do you think it's right to harvest organs and tissue from
clones?
• If you had the option, would you want to clone yourself? Why?
• Do you think the benefits outweigh the risks with cloning
humans?
• Would it be possible putting human genes into an animal’s DNA?
• Would it be possible to clone a Dinosaur?
