Qu estion 1 There is a trend towards monocrystalline cells having an n-type absorber layer. This is primarily because A) more light will be reflected from the back surface, meaning it has another chance to be absorbed B) p-type material suffers quite badly with boron-oxygen complexes. This makes the cell unstable to prolonged light and degrades long-term performance C) An n-type absorber layer will absorb more light than a p-type absorber under the same conditions D) n-type is fashionable these days, especially in the USA and Canada Question 2 We know when we are looking at a single crystal module if A) the characteristic crystal pattern stands out against the blue wafer B) one crystal stands out over all others in the cell C) there are 'diamond' shaped gaps at the corners between cells after the wafers has been trimmed to pack into the module D) we see our reflection clearly in it, because an ARC is only used in a single-crystal solar cell Question 3 Modules based on HIT cells are popular because they are more efficient than almost any other silicon module. This is because A) They use amorphous layers to increase the open-circuit voltage and to passivate the wafer surface B) they use particularly thick wafers of silicon which absorb more light. The more light absorbed, the greater the efficiency. C) They are the cheapest modules available anywhere in the UK D) The cells have been a hit with the Japanese public after Sanyo introduced them in 1980 Question 4 Single-crystal silicon wafers provide a higher PV conversion efficiency than multicrystalline because A) Electrons are more mobile than holes in large silicon crystals B) The anti-reflection coating is superior in quality and covers the whole of the wafer C) Electrons and holes in silicon recombine at defects often associated with a break in the crystal structure D) In multicrystalline silicon, crystal fragments tend to cut through the front contact, whereas in single crystal there are fewer sharp edges..

1. Qu estion 1
There is a trend towards monocrystalline cells having an n-type absorber layer. This is primarily
because
A) more light will be reflected from the back surface, meaning it has another chance to be
absorbed
B) p-type material suffers quite badly with boron-oxygen complexes. This makes the cell
unstable to prolonged light and degrades long-term performance
C) An n-type absorber layer will absorb more light than a p-type absorber under the same
conditions
D) n-type is fashionable these days, especially in the USA and Canada
Question 2
We know when we are looking at a single crystal module if
A) the characteristic crystal pattern stands out against the blue wafer
B) one crystal stands out over all others in the cell
C) there are 'diamond' shaped gaps at the corners between cells after the wafers has been
trimmed to pack into the module
D) we see our reflection clearly in it, because an ARC is only used in a single-crystal solar cell
Question 3
Modules based on HIT cells are popular because they are more efficient than almost any other
silicon module. This is because
A) They use amorphous layers to increase the open-circuit voltage and to passivate the wafer
surface
B) they use particularly thick wafers of silicon which absorb more light. The more light
absorbed, the greater the efficiency.
C) They are the cheapest modules available anywhere in the UK
D) The cells have been a hit with the Japanese public after Sanyo introduced them in 1980
Question 4

2. Single-crystal silicon wafers provide a higher PV conversion efficiency than multicrystalline
because
A) Electrons are more mobile than holes in large silicon crystals
B) The anti-reflection coating is superior in quality and covers the whole of the wafer
C) Electrons and holes in silicon recombine at defects often associated with a break in the crystal
structure
D) In multicrystalline silicon, crystal fragments tend to cut through the front contact, whereas in
single crystal there are fewer sharp edges.