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Corbett Vulture Conservation Program
- 1. CORBETT VULTURE CAMPAIGN Vultures: the last hope.
- 2. India, mid 1980’s. Around 85 million vultures
- 3. • 9 Species in India Lammergeier • 8 found in Uttarakhand Cinereous Indian white-backed Red-headed Slender-billed Egyptian Himalayan griffon
- 5. • Gathered in huge numbers near abattoirs and where dead livestock were left • 15,000 reported in one spot near Delhi • Most common species were griffon species Slender-billed Vulture, Gyps tenuirostris Indian White-rumped Vulture, Long-billed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis Gyps indicus
- 6. But today over nearly all of the Indian sub-continent vultures have vanished from the sky
- 7. • Over 97% decline for Slender-billed and Long- billed vultures • Over 99.9% decline for Indian White-backed vultures • Only a few thousand left of each species today
- 8. First noticed all over India during 1990’s
- 9. • RSPB, • BNHS, • US Fish & Wildlife Department, • Peregrine Fund, • Darwin Initiative, • Poultry Diagnostic Research Centre, Pune, • Australian Animal Health Laboratories Cause discovered and announced in 2003/4
- 10. DICLOFENAC
- 11. • Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug – NSAID • Introduced in 1970’s for humans • Adapted for veterinary market in late 1980’s • Used as a general painkiller for any ailment • Widely used across the Indian Sub- continent only
- 12. • Diclofenac residues remain in tissues for up to 6 days after use, longer in organs • Often sick livestock are injected but die shortly after anyway
- 13. Lethal to Gyps vultures Kills most within 2-3 days Only 1 out of 760 carcasses containing Diclofenac was enough to cause the current vulture population collapse
- 14. • Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act in 2002 • Critically Endangered by the IUCN
- 15. 'Licenses to manufacture veterinary Diclofenac should be withdrawn and the marketing of such products phased out within three months' on the 11th May 2006. ‘Prohibiting the manufacture, sale and distribution of Diclofenac and its formulations for animal use with immediate effect' on the 4th July 2008.
- 16. India has well over 300 million head of cattle and buffalo Only about 4% are kept for human consumption
- 17. Vultures are highly adapted to scavenge carcasses A group can clean a buffalo carcass down to the bone in 30 minutes
- 18. Other scavengers are not able to effectively clean up a carcass and spread diseases such as anthrax, botulism and cholera.
- 19. Since the mass Vulture die-off began in 1992 strays dogs have increased by 5.5 extra million Responsible for an estimated 38.5 million bites
- 20. The vulture die-off has now cost the Indian government: at least 10 billion $US And claimed an estimated 47,000 lives From a 2006 report by University of Bath, UK & Institute of Economic Growth, India
- 21. CORBETT VULTURE CAMPAIGN
- 22. CO RB ET TN AT ION AL PA RK Ramnagar & Terai West Forest Divisions
- 23. Ringora Village • White-backed vultures were observed roosting on 85% of all surveys • There are four active nests in the area
- 24. 10th July 2009
- 25. Tumeria Village • In Tumeria there is approximately 40 vultures roosting present daily • There are many nests also
- 26. Van Gujjar villages keep many head of buffalo, and this may explain the good presence of vultures
- 27. Hatidagar • Carcasses left every couple of weeks • Often see large groups of vultures feeding there • Both Indian white-backed and Slender-billed vultures feeding.
- 28. Survey of the availability of Diclofenac • Undercover investigation • Terai west forest division • Ramnagar forest division
- 29. 8 out of 21 shops sold the undercover researcher 30ml bottles of Diclofenac
- 30. Outcomes of the Study • Good populations of Vultures found • Very little awareness of the Diclofenac ban or effect on vultures • Human Diclofenac is presently being sold and used for veterinary use • Meloxicam is not widely available / used
- 31. CVC Initiatives 1. Awareness Campaign 2. Dialogue with Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Community 3. Removal of Diclofenac from Market through Governmental and Legal channels
- 33. RamLeela & Eid Festivals
- 34. Key Villages near Vulture colonies
- 35. In Areas Near Carcass Dumps
- 36. 2. Veterinary Community Film Screening Haldwani block office, 08/09/2009 • Dialogue with VO’s, LEO’s and Paravets instigated • District level meeting planned Oct 2009 • Aim is to take feedback and establish a link to the ‘quacks’
- 37. Pharmaceutical Community • Aim is raise awareness and apply pressure at the retailer and wholesaler level
- 38. 3. Veterinary Drug Market • Public Interest Litigation • Submit to the High Court, Nainital
- 39. 30ml Bottles CHEAP • 30ml bottle retails for 20-30INR • 100ml Meloxicam= 60INR • 3ml bottle…12INR PRACTICAL • 30ml bottle is 3 x 10ml shots for livestock • 10 x 3ml for humans
- 40. Monitoring of Resident Colonies • Monitoring of population numbers and breeding and recruitment success, • Spot early warning signs of Diclofenac poisoning, • Birds can then be evacuated to breeding centre in Pinjore, Haryana.
- 41. Make a ‘Vulture Restaurant’ • Would decrease the chance that vulture colonies find a carcass that contains Diclofenac, and would help in population estimation.
- 42. These Vultures are only a few years away from total extinction in the wild
- 43. And the cost for everyone is high
- 44. SO PLEASE HELP Distribute our leaflets to; Livestock holders ‘Quack’ vets Local drugstores and pharmacies Sign the petition to get rid of Diclofenac Sodium CALL US IF YOU KNOW OF DICLOFENAC SALE OR USE, or if you see any vultures or carcass dumping grounds. PHONE : 976 1166777, EMAIL : mahseerconservancy@gmail.com