Education

1. Teaching Methods
By/ MahmoudShaqria
‫شقريه‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫محمود‬

2. Outlines:-
1-Introduction
2- Criteria for selecting teaching methods
3-Interactive teaching
4- Prepare the teaching environment
5-Advantages of interactive teaching methods
6-Disadvantages of interactive teaching methods
7- Teaching methods

3. A) Lecture
B) Role play
C) Case study
D) Brainstorming
F) Coaching
G) Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

4. Introduction :
Teaching is an integral part of education that provides
knowledge, develops understanding, skills by establishing
harmonies relationships between the teacher, the student and
the curriculum.
There are different methods of teaching with its advantages
and disadvantages so combination of more than one method
is beneficial.

5. Criteria for selecting teaching methods
1) Clarifying your educational objectives.
2) Provisional selection of teaching/learning method.
3) Determining whether your students will be
4) Determining whether you will be comfortable with the chosen
method.
5) Determining whether the method
6) Determining whether you will be allowed to use the method.
7) Using the chosen method with your students.

6. Interactive teaching
Now is the time to start bringing life into your teaching styles.
Here are some of the most effective ways to engage your
students.
1. Brainstorming — various techniques
Interactive brainstorming is typically performed in group
sessions. The process is useful for generating creative thoughts
and ideas. Brainstorming helps students learn to pull together.

7. Types of interactive brainstorming include:
Structured and unstructured
Reverse or negative thinking
Nominal group relationships
Online interaction such as chat, forums and email
Team-idea mapping
Group passing
Individual brainstorming

8. 2. Think, pair, and share
Establish a problem or a question, then pair your students.
Give each pair sufficient time to form a conclusion, and
permit each participant to define the conclusion in his or her
personal voice.
3. Buzz session
Participants come together in session groups that focus on a
single topic. Within each group, every student contributes
thoughts and ideas.

9. 4. Incident process
Provide small groups of students with details from actual
incidents and then ask them to develop a workable
solution.
5. Q&A sessions
student-generated questions.

10. Prepare the teaching environment :-
The Learner must be active.
A learning environment should be designed to be powerful.
It must be reflecting the essential properties of what has to be
learned.
Learning environments should present knowledge as a
communication system. A learner must interact with tutors.
 Create interesting lessons with real-life applications that
provide a positive and effective learning environment.

11. Provide lessons with multiple modalities and learning styles to
encourage students to learn in ways that capitalize on their
individual strengths and abilities
Schools can support teachers by providing quality technology
and resources that enhance instructional variety.
Come prepared to teach and expect students to come prepared
to learn. Spend adequate time and access quality resources to
prepare exceptional educational experiences.

12. Take advantage of professional development opportunities that
allow you to continue to learn and apply new information to your
teaching style.
Support mentoring programs that pair new teachers with
seasoned, master instructors that foster positive teaching
partnerships, improve instruction and give new teachers more
confidence in the classroom.
Require that the school provide clean, safe, well-lit, comfortable
classrooms for instruction.

13. Advantages of teaching methods :_
 Structuring lessons has become lot easier
 interactive teaching has seen the introduction and ultimate use
of whiteboards.
 Enjoyable, fun, and engaging
 Interactive learning gathers for students with disabilities
 Saves significantly on education costs and time
 Brings flexibility and convenience in learning

14. Disadvantages of teaching methods :_
1. Time Requirements
2. Insufficient Training
3. Size Limitations
4. Projection Problems
5. Remote Access Problems.
•
6. High Cost.
7. Eye Health
8. Touch Sensitive Limitations
9. Sound
10. Data Distortion

15. lecture
Definition of Lecture:-
Is the oldest teaching method applied in educational institution.
This teaching method is one way channel of communication of
information.
Students' involvement in this teaching method is just to listen and some
times pen down some notes if necessary during the lecture, combine
the information and organized it.

16. Advantages of Lecture:-
 In this teaching method a large amount the topics can be covered
in a single class period.
 Using of this method exclude the using of any equipment or Lab.
 Learning material is not required.
 Student listening skills developed.
 Logical arrangement of the material in order to present it orally
 Help to learn languages

17. Disadvantages of Lecture:-
 Psychologically this method is acceptable because individuals
are not alike Teacher delivers the same lecture to both students
without recognizing the individual differences.
 Learning is an active process thus study should encourage to a
ctively participate in the class room instead of just listening the
teacher.

18. Disadvantages of Lecture( cont.…)
 Language using in the lecture is above the standard of the
 students. They are not able get full advantage of the lecture
 Lecture are often forgotten by the students soon after while
 learning is retained if activities are experienced.
 Attention level is not the same while student listening the lecture

19. Guidelines for Preparing Effective Presentations
Before the Presentation:-
Organizing content
Preparing effective displays
Timing your talk

20. :-The Presentation
 Check to make sure the microphone works before you begin
 Be sure everyone in the room can see your material.
 Don't apologize for your displays
 Don't apologize for incomplete results.

21. After the Presentation:-
• Thank the audience for its attention.
• Gather you materials and move off quickly to allow the
next presenter to prepare.
• Stay for the entire session and, afterward, be available for
people to ask you questions.

22. Role play
Definition of role play:-
Is an educational technique in which people spontaneously
act-out problems of human relations and analyze the enhancement
with the help of other role players and observers.

23. When should role playing be used
 Role playing is effective when the topic
involves person to person communication or
interactions .
 Role play can allow everyone to participate.
 The overall mood a training session can be
improved by the excitement that role playing provide.

24. Steps of role play model of teaching:-
1) Selection of the problem
2) Constructing of role play model
3) Casting the players
4) Briefing
5) Role play action
6) Discussion and analysis

25. Requirements of successful role play :-
 Careful definitions of the goals and objectives
 Selection of the characters according to enthusiasm , sincerity
and willingness of the players
 Should not be rehearsed.
 Should be stimulant to thinking.
 Flexible.
 Brief . (15 minutes )
 Analysis and evaluation immediately following roleplay.

26. Advantages of role play model:-
 It is energizing.
 It is simple and low cost.
 In present complex issues simply and in a short while .
 It does not need material or advance preparation .
 Helps to develop self esteem and confidence.
 Helps to develop real communication skills in leadership
, interviewing and social interaction .
 Helps to develop ability to observe and analyze situation .
 Give them opportunity to show their creativity.
 Students gain a different experiences related to their life and
 social situation.

27. Disadvantages of role play model:-
 It requires expert guidance and leadership.
 Sometimes participants may feel like threatened
 Strongly depends on students imagination.
 Participants may be too shy.
It becomes difficult for teachers to evaluate the student
individually .
 Its a time consuming process.
 Its a failure when the group does not understand

28. Case Study
Definition:-
The case study teaching method is a highly adaptable style of
teaching that involves problem-based learning and promotes
the development of analytical skills, By presenting content in
the format of a narrative accompanied by questions an activities
that promote group discussion and solving of complex problems

29. Uses of case study:-
 Cases can be a great way to motivate students to learn new
 material by
 Helping students appreciate the need for the theoretical
framework or empirical tools you plan for them to learn.
 These cases give students motivation by asking them to
develop good answers to the questions posed by the case.
 Cases that are designed to teach theory, probably the most
challenging application of the case method, should be focus

30.  Allow the application of theoretical concepts to be
 demonstrated, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice
 Encourage active learning.
 Provide an opportunity for the development of key skills such as
communication, group working and problem solving.
 Increase the students' enjoyment of the topic and hence their desire
to learn.
 on solving a well-defined problem, and provide enough
theory to give students the chance to arrive at a solution if
they apply the new theory during the classroom discussion.

31. Creation of a case study:-
1-Setting goals/objectives
2-Picking a case
3-Be prepared
4-Prepare your students
5-Get to know your students
6-Leading the discussion
7-Classroom setup
8-Asking questions

32. Advantages of case study:-
• The most important advantage of using a case study is that it
• simplifies complex concepts.
• Case studies expose the participants to real life situations
• which otherwise is difficult.

33. Advantages of case study (cont.…)
• It truly helps in adding value to the Participants through discussion
on concrete subjects.
• It improves -analytical thinking, communication, developing
tolerance for different views on the same subject, ability to defend
one's own point of view with logic and enhances team
• work of the participants making them efficient over time.
• The many solutions which come out of the case act as ready
reference when participants face similar problems at work place.

34. Disadvantages of case study:-
 It might be difficult to find an appropriate case study to suit to all
subjects.
 Case studies contain the study of observations and perception of
one person. There are chances that the person presenting the
 case study may completely present it in one manner missing other a
spects completely.
 Managing time is a criterion in a training program.
 Case studies generally consume more time when compared to other
instruments For shorter duration programs case studies may not be the
best medium.

35. Brainstorming
Definition :
is a situation where a group of people meet to generate
new ideas and solutions around a specific domain of
interest by removing inhibitions

36. Using Brainstorming in the Real World
1-Studying
Learning can be improved by practicing brainstorming because it
gives the chance for improvement in the processes of lateral,
analytical and critical thinking.
2-Marketing
helpful for answering the following questions: ‘How to launch a
new product?’, ‘How to increase your sales?’, ‘Which way to
develop a marketing plan?’, ‘How to improve your service’? etc.

37. 3-Content Writing
Brainstorming can help writers to set the focus directly on the
generation of ideas, instead of on constantly going back and
forth.

38. :-The role of facilitator in a brainstorming session
1. State the problem or issue
2. Provide students with the problem/topic that is new to them and
one that challenges their current level of knowledge on the issue.
3. Identify the roles of all students in the group
4. Create a relaxed environment which is supplied with adequate
workspace and materials and free from distractions
5. Create heterogenic groups. Groups should consist of students
who vary in experiences, backgrounds, knowledge and academic
disciplines. a. A varied group of students will suggest more varied
and unique ideas
6. Keep the group number group manageable
7. (8-12 people works well)

39. Methods to improving brainstorming sessions:-
 Stick to the rules
 Pay attention to everyone’s ideas
 Include both individual and group approaches
 Include both individual and group approaches
 Do not rush:
 Stay persistent:
 Facilitate the session:

40. Advantages of brain storming
The biggest advantage is the high amount of
generated ideas
Provide interaction among team working
Exchange knowledge and experience between team
working
confidence to trainers .
Increase creativity .
Find creative solutions about problems

41. Disadvantages of Brainstorming
 Time consuming
May consume a lot of material e.g. flipcharts
or writing materials .
Requires high level facilitation skills

42. Electronic learning
Definition: Electronic learning refers to a broad
educational concept primarily characterized by
the usage of electronic media and other types of
communication technologies.

43. •
Advantages of E-Learning:
1-Mobile – As eLearning can be done on laptops, tablets and phones – it is
a very mobile method. Learning can be done on the train, on a plane or any
other time that could normally be wasted.
2-No Travel– As just mentioned, eLearning can be done wherever you
have a device capable of doing so
3-Lower cost
4-Global
5-Technological Possibilities – eLearning is fast becoming a more and
more popular method and with it

44. Disadvantages of eLearning Training:
1-Technology Issues
you need to ensure that all learners have a device that is able to support the training
modules. Some eLearning tools require software such as Flash
2-Computer Competency – Some employees might not be too comfortable using
compute Therefore these employees are likely to learn a lot less than they would
from a physical course.
3-Isolated – A lot of questions are a lot easily answered when face to face with
someone when you can guarantee an instant answer. eLearning often doesn’t allow
4-Learning Approach – It doesn’t appeal to all learning styles so some learners
will not enjoy the experience – that with trainers often having to answer

45. Levels Of Learning Interaction In Online Courses
Level 1: Passive eLearning With No Interactivities
This is similar to listening to a lecture where the speaker goes on speaking and
you just sit there and listen
Level 2: Limited Interactivities
Level 2 eLearning consists of limited interactivities. Something like the
instructor posing a few questions to the audience now and then just to check
for understanding and comprehension
Level 3: More Complex Interactivities
At this level, the interactivities get more complex and require a detailed
Instructional Design app Level
Level 4: Highly Simulated Environment

46. Comparison between E-learning and traditional learning :
Classroom vs. Virtual:
Traditional learning mostly focuses on the classroom education. It
is restricted to a certain time limit and to a location. You need to
attend the classes, to join the group discussions, and to attend all
the group activities designed to promote your education.
get the best education in any of your convenient time at the
comfort of your home

47. Cost:
. Traditional learning is more expensive that the e-learning. You will
have to pay for everything.. In fact, you can get the best
e-learning education without hurting your budget.
Learning Style:
The learning style will be different for the different types of the
learning mediums. The e-People also believe that e-learning is
easier. But in reality, e-learning demands equal effort and
determination to get the desired success. learning tends to be more
independent. It will suit more to the virtual learners.

48. Coaching
Definition: is a form of development in which a
person called a coach supports a learner or client in
achieving a specific personal or professional goal by
providing training and guidance

49. Different types of coaching:
Coaching can be used for various purposes.
 Performance coaching.
 Skills coaching. .
 Career Coaching.
 Personal or life coaching.
 Business coaching.
 Executive coaching
 Team facilitation

50. Advantages:
o Increases openness to learning and development –.
o Improves Individual Skills and Behaviors
o Develop self-awareness
o Fosters team building –
o Higher motivating factor –
o Gets everyone on the same page to meet a common goal

51. Disadvantages:
 Trial and Error in finding the coach that is right for you
 Individual coaching can be costly
 Focuses on team building (macro) rather than individual
development (micro) for a team goal –
 Head team member (entrepreneur) can out grow the
coach

52. Key issues in coaching:-
 Avoid being judgmental.
 Be factual, not critical.
 Let people “save face.’’
 Accept compliments gracefully
Requirements:-
Effective only with small groups and requires special training.
Excellent for teaching practical and clinical skills

53. Characteristic of a good coach:
Effective communication skills
Leadership
Knowledge
Knows the Athlete
Motivation
observer
praise

54. Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Definition:
Is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems
are used as the vehicle to promote student learning of
concepts and principles

55. Objectives of PBL :-
 Self-directed learning: Through tutorial sessions the students are taught to
self-formulate their goals and objectives of learning of particular topics and
then at the end of each session they are expected to evaluate the extent to
which their goals are realized
 Problem solving: This encourages students to increase their motivation to
learning, critical thinking, writing and also to enhance communication
skills.
 This may be through the medium of case scenario where students analyze
the information and come to a conclusion
 Team work: The students are required to work together and cooperate with
each other during discussion.

56. •
Steps of PBL:-
Step One: clarification of terms and concepts
Step Two: formulation of problem statement
Step Three: brain storm
Step Four: categorizing and structuring of brain storm
Step Five: formulation of learning objectives
Step Six: self study
Step seven : post discussion

57. Role of the facilitator:-
-Monitor the learning environment
-Challenge and probe the learners thinking
-Keep the learners involved in the problem
solving process
-Manage group dynamics
-Encourage the process to move forward

58. Role of the participant:-
-Construct their own meaning
-Actively participate
-Engage in the problem solving process
-Make self-assessments throughout the process
-Involves themselves in self-directed learning
-Develop ownership of the project
-Cooperatively organize and seek information

59. Advantages of PBL:-
-Active process
-The way we make decisions anyway
-Increases tolerance of uncertainty
-Stimulates self-learning naturally
-Increases motivation

60. Disadvantages of PBL:-
-Need good tutorial skills
-Takes longer
-Needs planning
-Demanding of staff time

61. Quiz
Choose the best teaching methods of the following:
1- teaching to kids in nursery.
2- 500 student registered .
3- studying one new and rare disease .
Enumerate criteria for choosing teaching methods
Discuss steps of pbl
Educational environment should have special features ..
Discuss this statement

62. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the following:
interactive teaching
brain storming
lecture
role play
case study
coaching
problem based learning
mention characteristics of a good coach?
What is the role of facilitator in brainstorming and pbl
teaching method?