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Assignment Seven
Important Reminder
Please (re)-read the guidelines for doing written assignments
before you begin this
task.
ˆePhrase Structure of Japanese
Your task in this assignment is to construct a mini-grammar of
Japanese that will
account for the sentences below. Your grammar should consist
of:
(a) a lexicon that lists the Japanese words given below, their
category type, their
meaning, and any other relevant information;
(b) a set of phrase structure rules; and
(c) rules that describe the distribution of ga and o.
ˆree HelpfulWarnings
But in analyzing the
sentences below, you should assume that the words can occur
e order in
which they are shown.ˆis is false, but we will have something to
say at a later point
about how to deal with this word order freedom.
-ga and
-o. Do not write any
other morphological rules.
articles.
harder assignments in
the course. Please plan accordingly and leave yourself lots of
time—to get the most
out of it and to show what you are capable of. Nothing in the
assignment depends
on material that we will cover in the course of the coming week.
A
First formulate a mini-grammar to account for the sentences
below. Draw trees for
about the
subcategorization of yatta
‘gave’?
b. Tegami ga kita. A letter came
c. Tuma ga sinda. ˆe wife died
d. John ga oyoida. John swam
b. John ga tegami o yonda. John read the letter
c. John ga hon o yonda. John read the book
d. Sensei ga kodomo o sikatta. ˆe teacher scolded the child
b. John ga Tokyo kara kita. John came from Tokyo
c. John ga Mary to atta. John met with Mary
Cambridge
b. John ga kawa de oyoida. John swam in a river
b. John ga Mary to kurumu de Kobe ni itta. John went to Kobe
in a car
with Mary.
B
Next revise and expand your grammar to account for the
following. Give trees for
book’
san ga sinda. John’s father died
John’s child
collided with
Mary’s head
Matt Wagers
To be turned in, in class, on Wednesday, May 29
Matt Wagers
UC Santa Cruz - LING111 - Spring 2019
C
Now revise the lexicon and phrase structure rules to account for
the following. Give
subcategorization of suki
‘fond’?
reat desu and da as forms of the same
verb (desu is polite; da is
informal).
morphological rules! Treat the second
–
n ga kanemoti desu. John is rich
(yama= ‘moun-
tain’)
ancestor (ningen =
‘man’)
John ga nihongo ga nigate da. John is bad at Japanese
D
Finally, extend your system one more time, so that it will
account for the data seen
– ference
between -ga in the earlier
examples and -wa in these examples. Assume for present
purposes that these are
the same thing.
-wa
this
hon
book
desu
is
‘ˆis is a book.’
-wa
this
hon
book
desu
is
ka
INTERR
‘Is this a book?’
-wa nihongo-ga
Japanese
muzukasii
difficult-is
to itta
said
‘John said that Japanese is difficult.’
-wa John-ga baka
stupid
da
is
to omotta
thought
‘Mary thought that John was stupid.’
Problem set 7:
A. First formulate a mini-grammar to account for the sentences
below.
S→NP (NP) (PP) VP
NP→N
PP→NP P
Morphological rules to insert ga and o.
ga – a particle that indicates the subject in a sentence.
o – a particle that indicates the object.
What is your best guess about the subcategorization of yatta→
‘gave’?
This is a transitive verb because it requires an object to
complete its meaning.
Draw trees for (2c), (3a), and (4b).
2c. John ga hon o yonda. John read the book
(3) a. John ga Tokyo ni itta. John went to Tokyo
4b. John ga kawa de oyoida. John swam in a river
A. Next revise and expand your grammar to account for the
following.
S→NP (AP) (NP) (PP) VP
NP→(PossP) (NP) (AP)
PossP→NP
PP→NP P
Give trees for (7) and (10).
(7) Mary kara tegami ga kita. A letter from Mary arrived
(10) John no atama ga Mary no atama to butukatta. John’s head
collided with Mary’s head.
C. Now revise the lexicon and phrase structure rules to account
for the following.
S→NP (NP) (AP) VP
PossP
AP→NP A
What is your best guess about the subcategorization of suki
‘fond’?
‘Suki’ can be subcategorized as an adjective because it gives us
more information about a noun.
Give trees for:
(14). Saru ga ningen no senzo desu. �e monkey is man’s
ancestor (ningen =‘man’)
16). John ga nihongo ga nigate da. John is bad at Japanese
D. Finally, extend your system one more time, so that it will
account for the data seen
in (18)–(21). Do NOT try to account for the difference between
-ga in the earlier
examples and -wa in these examples. Assume for present
purposes that these are
the same thing.
S→NP (NP) (AP) VP (INTERR)
VP→(CP) V
AP→NP P

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Assignment Seven         M.docx

  • 1. Assignment Seven Important Reminder Please (re)-read the guidelines for doing written assignments before you begin this task. ˆePhrase Structure of Japanese Your task in this assignment is to construct a mini-grammar of Japanese that will account for the sentences below. Your grammar should consist of: (a) a lexicon that lists the Japanese words given below, their category type, their meaning, and any other relevant information; (b) a set of phrase structure rules; and (c) rules that describe the distribution of ga and o. ˆree HelpfulWarnings
  • 2. But in analyzing the sentences below, you should assume that the words can occur e order in which they are shown.ˆis is false, but we will have something to say at a later point about how to deal with this word order freedom. -ga and -o. Do not write any other morphological rules. articles. harder assignments in the course. Please plan accordingly and leave yourself lots of time—to get the most out of it and to show what you are capable of. Nothing in the assignment depends on material that we will cover in the course of the coming week. A First formulate a mini-grammar to account for the sentences below. Draw trees for
  • 3. about the subcategorization of yatta ‘gave’? b. Tegami ga kita. A letter came c. Tuma ga sinda. ˆe wife died d. John ga oyoida. John swam b. John ga tegami o yonda. John read the letter c. John ga hon o yonda. John read the book d. Sensei ga kodomo o sikatta. ˆe teacher scolded the child b. John ga Tokyo kara kita. John came from Tokyo c. John ga Mary to atta. John met with Mary Cambridge b. John ga kawa de oyoida. John swam in a river b. John ga Mary to kurumu de Kobe ni itta. John went to Kobe in a car
  • 4. with Mary. B Next revise and expand your grammar to account for the following. Give trees for book’ san ga sinda. John’s father died John’s child collided with Mary’s head Matt Wagers To be turned in, in class, on Wednesday, May 29 Matt Wagers UC Santa Cruz - LING111 - Spring 2019 C
  • 5. Now revise the lexicon and phrase structure rules to account for the following. Give subcategorization of suki ‘fond’? reat desu and da as forms of the same verb (desu is polite; da is informal). morphological rules! Treat the second – n ga kanemoti desu. John is rich (yama= ‘moun- tain’) ancestor (ningen = ‘man’) John ga nihongo ga nigate da. John is bad at Japanese
  • 6. D Finally, extend your system one more time, so that it will account for the data seen – ference between -ga in the earlier examples and -wa in these examples. Assume for present purposes that these are the same thing. -wa this hon book desu is ‘ˆis is a book.’ -wa this hon
  • 7. book desu is ka INTERR ‘Is this a book?’ -wa nihongo-ga Japanese muzukasii difficult-is to itta said ‘John said that Japanese is difficult.’ -wa John-ga baka stupid da is to omotta
  • 8. thought ‘Mary thought that John was stupid.’ Problem set 7: A. First formulate a mini-grammar to account for the sentences below. S→NP (NP) (PP) VP NP→N PP→NP P Morphological rules to insert ga and o. ga – a particle that indicates the subject in a sentence. o – a particle that indicates the object. What is your best guess about the subcategorization of yatta→ ‘gave’? This is a transitive verb because it requires an object to complete its meaning. Draw trees for (2c), (3a), and (4b). 2c. John ga hon o yonda. John read the book (3) a. John ga Tokyo ni itta. John went to Tokyo 4b. John ga kawa de oyoida. John swam in a river A. Next revise and expand your grammar to account for the
  • 9. following. S→NP (AP) (NP) (PP) VP NP→(PossP) (NP) (AP) PossP→NP PP→NP P Give trees for (7) and (10). (7) Mary kara tegami ga kita. A letter from Mary arrived (10) John no atama ga Mary no atama to butukatta. John’s head collided with Mary’s head. C. Now revise the lexicon and phrase structure rules to account for the following. S→NP (NP) (AP) VP PossP AP→NP A What is your best guess about the subcategorization of suki ‘fond’? ‘Suki’ can be subcategorized as an adjective because it gives us more information about a noun. Give trees for: (14). Saru ga ningen no senzo desu. �e monkey is man’s ancestor (ningen =‘man’) 16). John ga nihongo ga nigate da. John is bad at Japanese D. Finally, extend your system one more time, so that it will account for the data seen
  • 10. in (18)–(21). Do NOT try to account for the difference between -ga in the earlier examples and -wa in these examples. Assume for present purposes that these are the same thing. S→NP (NP) (AP) VP (INTERR) VP→(CP) V AP→NP P