Amazon Consumer Behavior

Amazon Consumer Behavior
In these Analyses, helpfulness of product review is considered a proxy for intent to purchase or purchase behaviour.
Suggested Research Questions
1.For all Amazon products considered as a single entity, how can purchase behaviour be described or summarized in terms of customer ratings,
customer votes and helpfulness of product review
2.Based on Amazon data, Can it be affirmed that purchase behaviour, i.e. helpfulness on brand review for the intent of purchase is dependent on
customer ratings?
3.Based on Amazon data, Can it be affirmed that purchase behaviour, i.e. helpfulness on brand review for the intent of purchase is dependent on
customer votes?
4.Are there any associations between customer ratings and helpfulness of purchase behaviour in terms of percentage ratings?
5.Are there any associations between customer votes and helpfulness of purchase behaviour in terms of percentage ratings?
6.For customer ratings and customer votes, which of these variables have more impact or significantly related to helpfulness of purchase behaviour?
Suggested Research Hypotheses
1.Customer ratings would have no impact on purchase behaviour
2.Customer voting would have no impact on purchase behaviour
3. There would be no relationships between customer ratings and purchase behaviour
4. There would be no relationships between customer votes and purchase behaviour
5. There should be no significant difference between votes and ratings on how they relate to purchase
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Lower The Voting Age To Sixteen-Year-Olds
here's no doubt that voting is a serious responsibility granted to all Canadians. Some Canadians practise this privilege as well as right, while others
take it for granted. Since the 1970's, voting turnouts has been decreasing dramatically reaching 55% in the 2000's. Eventually, less than half the
population will be voting which is not good for a developed democratic country. Therefore, I strongly believe that the government should lower the
voting age to sixteen–year–olds instead of eighteen–year–olds. Mainly because middle adolescents are knowledgeable enough nowadays to contribute
with the society. Moreover, if these young agers get into the habit of voting in such an early age, they'll always go to vote. Consequently, politicians
will care more about young age people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the government allowed sixteen–year–olds to vote, they would build in them the habit of going out in elections at a young age. Eventually, that will
result in increasing the overall voter turnout as the population ages. Middle adolescents would go out and practise their right out of habit.
Consequently, the country will be more democratic. Moreover, politicians will care more about middle adolescents knowing that their voices count.
Therefore, better services and advanced programs as well as critical wise decisions will take place creating a better environment for them. Overall,
getting sixteen–year–olds into the habit of voting will definitely turn the table.
Besides the fact that, "Brazil has recently given the right to vote at all levels of government to 16–year–olds in that country", according to Craig
Kielburger's article, in which lowering the voting age is proven to be a logical decision. Many sixteen–year–olds have part–time jobs in which they
pay PST and GST. Strangely enough, they don't have a say in where their tax dollars go. No doubt, the middle adolescents will grow up feeling
powerless and believe that their contribution does not help the country by any

Political Ideological Analysis
Political ideology can be defined as views on how the government should run and is most commonly associated with a political party. It is essential to
understand one's political ideology to be a productive citizen in the United States government. Voting is the right and responsibility of the American
citizen, and if citizens do not know their political ideas, they are not able to correctly participate. In addition to this, it is important to completely
understand one's political views to know which candidate to vote for, and not just his or her party and the candidate's party. Understanding one's views
will lead to focusing on that when voting and not just relying on a party's candidate to mirror one's views.
Another aspect of political ideology is understanding it at large. This is important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the Youth Leadership Initiative's "Political Ideology Survey," I was given the classification of moderate. Elaborating on those results, the quiz
explained I identify with views of both the Democrat and Republican party. After taking the "World's Smallest Political Test," my results concluded I
was a "Centrist" who prefers the middle ground. It also explained that people of this political group are often broad–minded and like to consider
"practical" solutions to problems. As you can see, the results from the two quizzes are fairly similar. They both classified me as being in the
middle of the two large parties, Republican and Democrat. I believe the results given to me are accurate. I have never associated myself with a
party, but instead I like to research candidates and choose the one with views that relate to mine. I consider my results to speak to this. By being
"moderate" or a "centrist," I side with certain views of both parties, therefore not totally agreeing with either. If I tried to vote only by identifying with
the candidate's party, I would most likely vote

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Voting...
Iris Recognition Based Voting System
1G.Sathiyabama,2 Nithiya.J, 3B.Sankareswari@Saranya, 4M.Saravana Lakshmi, 5G.Abinaya 1,2 Faculties 3
saranyaei08@gmail.com,4saravanalakshmi93@gmail.com,5abinaya1068@gmail.com
Jeppiaar Engineering College, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai.
Abstract :
In this voting system,the voter identity card is replaced by smart card in which all the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In which the voted ballot is transmitted over the public internet through web browser[1]. The voter can directly vote online from anywhere in the
world. Security is the major issue in the Online VotingSystem[6]. It is very efficient and portable.
Advantages of Online Voting System[6]:
It is very much portable system as the system works on internet only the internet supporting device is required. It is very fast as compare to
traditional paper ballot voting system. The voter doesn't need to wait in long queue for voting. He /She can cast their vote just on a single click This
system gives the freedom of casting the vote from anywhere in country. This is beneficial for the voters who are regularly out of station. .
Disadvantages of Online Voting System[6]:
The designing phase of this system is highly complex. As the system has deal with large number of users and has to maintain huge database The whole
system operates over the internet which makes the system more susceptible to online threats so the security issue is the main concern of this
system.This system is very much costlier than other

The United States: A True Democracy
The United States was a country built on values of fair representation and freedom. Americans disagreed with the monarchy of British reign, and thus
declared the United States to be a democratic – a government in which the masses elect the leaders and thereby act in the interests of the people.
Regulations were established to reinforce these ideals, including three different branches of government and a term limit for the president in order to
prevent a monopoly. Yet there are major flaws in the country that hide behind the ruse ofdemocracy. This form of government is a source of pride for
the United States, but that pride blinds people from the blatant issues that plague the country. The underlying corruption and oppression in the United ...
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In 2014 only 40% of the voting age population turned up to vote (Black), and the voting population mostly consisted of the wealthy and the elderly.
These groups tend to have more time on their hands to both vote and stay politically active, so the resulting government tends to overemphasize
their values. Not only do more of them vote, but some attempt to actively silence the voices of opposition in the lower classes. During the civil
rights movement, the wealthy used voting suppression in the form of literacy tests, poll taxes, and even violence (Boundless). Lower class citizens
couldn't afford the education to pass these literacy tests, nor could they afford to dig into their limited resources to pay and vote. Their needs
become stifled, despite the fact that they're the majority of the American population. This defeats the purpose of a democracy. The representatives
elected are meant to stand for the people, but a large population of potential voters is neglected in this process. Voting also takes place on a Tuesday,
and those tend to occur during working hours. Employees are allowed to take time off to vote during working hours, but the process of voting tends
to be costly for lower income brackets. Low salaries mean that making money becomes a bigger priority, and some would rather gain money than go
vote. Additionally, they have to pay for public transportation fees to get to the voting venue since they don't all own cars. 28% of citizens that made
less than $20,000 a year reported that they didn't vote due to the fees needed for transportation and that it cut into their work salaries (Malter). The
process of voting registration is another factor that keeps them from voting. In other countries, the responsibility of registration falls on the government;
in America, it is the responsibility of the

Online Voting And Its Impact On The United States
Political elections in the United States needs voters to physically go to the polls to cast their vote, and in an age where technology consumes most of
our day to day activities, people are seeking out convenience more than ever. In 2004, more people logged in to vote on American Idol than showed up
at the polls for the presidential election. At the rate technology is developing, online voting is still a debated issue. Although there are some downsides,
like with anything, online voting is more efficient and accurate. It makes the right to vote more accessible to everyone, but the disabled and elderly
will benefit most from it. When voting is as simple as logging in and taking a few minutes to cast your vote, more people will be motivated to vote.
Online voting would make a positive impact on the United States voting process and would motivate more Americans to vote. No one can deny the
convenience that online voting gives. Anyone with a computer, tablet, or smart phone, and internet access would be able to vote online. "In The
Progressive, Wade Henderson, president of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, and Mark Perriello, president of the American
Association of the People with Disabilities, wrote of the challenges for voters with disabilities: There are more than 30 million Americans with
disabilities of voting age, yet the Federal Election Commission reports that there are more than 20,000 inaccessible polling places. Some are located in

Democracy Requires Participation Essay
An intrinsic element in the success of a democratic society is the willingness of the people to be self–governing. In modern America, to say that we
have a government that is for, by, and of the people does not mean that each citizen is autocratic and simply 'takes the law into his or her own hands,'
but rather that each citizen has the responsibility to actively participate in this large–scale experiment known as American Democracy. Therefore, the
problem of declining voter participation is a serious one indeed.
Several reasons for this enigmatic conundrum of voter apathy have become apparent in recent years. In many presidential elections, numerous
Americans have found themselves compromising their views and voting not for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Electoral College is an institution of the Federal Government that has outlived its usefulness and should be abolished in order to promote
democracy in the United States. At its conception, the Electoral College was considered necessary because it emphasized the rights of individual states
and made the process of counting ballots less onerous. In a true federal system, the electorate should vote in national elections as citizens of the nation,
as opposed to citizens of their respective states.
However, the winner–take–all system of the Electoral College that we currently use is not only non–federal, it is undemocratic as well. Since the
popular vote is counted in each state individually, and the winner of each state receives all of that state's votes, it is theoretically possible for a
candidate with a greater percentage of the popular vote to lose the election. The Electoral College effectively renders the votes of the state minority
meaningless because the majority receives all of the Electoral College votes, as if the vote was unanimous in favor of one candidate. This is clearly
not democratic. If the Electoral College were to be abolished, then all national elections could be based upon the popular vote of the national electorate;
a true representation of the views of the nation.
Our current system of voter registration

Online Voting System
Resources Required:–
Development Tool:– PHP
Database– My Sql
Server– WAMP Server
INTRODUCTION–:
"ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM" is an online voting technique. It is based on the other online services like "ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM" .In
this system people who have citizenship of INDIA and whose age is above 18 years of any [censored] can give hisher vote online without going to
any polling booth. There is a DATABASE which is maintained by theELECTION COMMISION OF INDIA in which all the names of voter with
complete information is stored.
SCOPE–:
– This system will increase the voting percentage in India. – If high security is applied then it may reduce false vote.
WORKING–:
In "ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM" a voter can use hisher voting right online ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Voter's vote in a database.
Calculation of total number of votes.
Various operational works that are done in the system are:–
Recording information of the Voter in Voter database.
Checking of information filled by voter.
Discard the false information.
cach information is sent to ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA.
2.3 Project Requirements
Hardware Requirements (Processor RAM Disk Space)
Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV, Higher 128 Mb or Higher 130 Mb
Software Requirements (Operating System Database)
Win–98, Win–XP, Linux, My SQL
2.4 User Characteristics

Every user should be: Comfortable with Internet Browser. He must have brief knowledge of voting system. He must also have basic knowledge of
English too.
2.5 Constraints gUI is only in English. Login and password is used for identification of Voter.
2.6 Definitions of problems
Not User Friendly: The existing system is not user friendly because the retrieval of data is very slow and data is not maintained efficiently.
Difficulty in report generating: We require more calculations to generate the final result so it is generated at the end of the session. And the voter not
get a single chance to change hisher vote.
Time consuming: Every work is done manually so we cannot generate report in the middle of the session or as per the requirement because it is very
time consuming.
CHAPTER–3
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Depending on the results of the initial investigation the survey is now expanded to a more

Taking Back The Vote
For a nation to truly develop everybody should participate in voting. If everyone will vote then the elected representative will be someone who
will represent the believes and values of everyone or at least the majority. In that way, when the representative will do something for the nation,
everyone will be able to be benefited from it. However, it is a harsh reality of our society that young people vote at lower rates than other age
groups. There are a lot of reasons for that, for example, I think most young people are not interested enough in what the politicians are claiming to in
their campaign. Most politician talks about health care, better economy, and external relations. These topics do not seem interesting to young people
because in most cases they have not been in a situations where they needed any of those, for example, in most cases senior people need health care,
middle age group need to worry about the economy because they need to feed their kids, and authorities need to worry about external affairs. Hence,
young people end up not voting because their issues are not being discussed in the election campaign. According to Jane Eisner's book Taking Back the
Vote, it is two processes. In one side, young people do not vote because their issues are not discussed in the election campaigns, and on another side, the
politicians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That's why these young people do not prioritize politics that much in their life. Apart from this, in some states, it is requiring having government–issued
ID to vote. Since many youngsters do not have any government–issued ID such as driving licenses or passport, and it is quite difficult to get these
things done in the time of elections, hence they end up not exercising their democratic

Compulsory Voting And Its Effect On Society
Compulsory voting's effects can be argued to increase or decrease democracy. Compulsory, or mandatory voting is in effect in about 30 democracies
around the world. However of these 30 that have compulsory voting in their laws, the policies vary from country to country. For an example, some
countries only instate compulsory voting for certain elected positions. France, for example, strictly uses compulsory voting for their Senatorial elections
(Hamid, 2010). As the number of active voters decreases there are limited options as to how to increase voter turnout, compulsory voting could be one
of the few actions that may work without decreasing democracy. Compulsory voting defined as forcing citizens of a state to go to the polls during an
election and vote on Election Day (Rosenberg, 2015). This rule is enforced by giving fines, community service, or difficulty getting a job within the
public sector to those who do not participate. Compulsory voting is in place in many modern countries such as Australia, Belgium and Argentina to
name a few. Compulsory voting's punishment varies depending on the state it is acting in. For example, in Australia you are exempt from voting if
you have an explanation with a legitimate reason (Idea, 2015). If you do not have a legitimate excuse you may face a fine of $20.00. If you do not
wish to pay this fine you may do an allotted set of hours of community service or another duty set out by the government in power (Australian
Government 2013).

My Responsibility To America
My responsibility to America is to be an informed voter when the time comes. In this essay the talking points will be why it is important to vote, and
how to be an informed voter. According to Reference.com, "Voting gives citizens a voice in the government, allowing them to choose leaders and
decide on issues." This is important because when a person votes they are voting for a candidate who they believe will best represent the beliefs and
values of the people, including themselves. Voting allows the general population to elect a president, senators, judges, mayors, and governors,
therefore allowing everyone to voice their opinion. Also, if Americans did not have the right to vote, we would be living in a society where one or a
select

What Is Digital ID Technology?
These days, many of the things we do are online. We not only entertain ourselves online, but we also do things that make our lives easier, like paying
our bills, buying things we need, and communicating. As time passes, we come up with more ideas to facilitate our lives with the help of technology.
Many countries come up with new technology and ways to do this. A country that has succeeded at facilitating their lives isEstonia. In Estonia, not only
was Skype created there, this useful tool called the digital ID was produced. The digital ID, like a regular ID but with a chip that contains the owner's
identity information, helps people use many technological services created by Estonia. The United States should adopt this digital ID ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would help to get rid of the need for bus passes. This would make things simple, we could use this as both an ID and a sort of bus pass. Even
if we implement this, we could still keep the cash option for those who don't have the opportunity of owning this ID card, or that don't have
connections to the bank. No money can be taken out of it, it only serves as a verification that the person has credit (Kingsley). Meaning that the card
traces back to banking information from the person's data on the database, the person has to pay using money from their bank. There is no danger of
the person's money being stolen if there is no way to easily access money from the card.
Another way in which this digital ID is can be convenient is by helping people be more interested in voting. Since Estonia's 2005 election, voting has
been made easy for Estonians as they can vote online using either their phones or a computer, through a secure online system and with the help of
their IDs and card readers (Leetaru). Since the card help people identify themselves, voting can be done online, by helping identify who it is that is
voting. It doesn't take much time and people are more likely to vote. It's better than having to wait for their voting ballot to come in the mail or to
have to take time to go to a voting location. Voting online can appear to be more appealing for those who don't usually vote since it's easier and

Registering To Vote
Voting is perhaps the single most important activity a citizen of the United States of America can engage in, many have fought and died to ensure this
right is extended to every citizen. Voting is the vehicle through which the collective voice is heard, and the means through which meaningful change
can occur. As such it is imperative that every citizen that is legally able to vote be registered, only registered voters are allowed to cast a vote come
election time. While preparing for this assignment this writer took a moment to check if she was a registered voter, she found that she was not. This
condition was immediately rectified.
The process for registering to vote is a fairly simple one, particularly if the intended voter has access to

Age And The Importance Of Voting In The United States
Although all Americans have the right over the age of 18, not all citizens vote because of four common, yet relevant reasons. One's educational level,
age, level of income, and prestige of occupation determine if they will vote or not. First and for most, the education one has is the single most
important factor in predicting whether they vote. Although mostly, all American citizens know they have the right to vote, they do not know how to
get registered or where to vote. That does seem like a poor excuse, considering we live in a technology based society and pretty much anything can be
looked up online. Despite the fact that some citizens truly do not understand the importance of voting, some choose to not understand it. Secondly, age

Pros And Cons Of Lowering The Voting Age
After reading both passages provided on the voting age debate of weither it should be lowered to 16 to remain at 18, I am amazed that there is even a
debate to be had with the complete lack of legitamate arguments for lowering the voting age. It seems from the information provided that the overal
goal is to raise the voter participation percentage and lowering the voting age provides no convicing evidence of being able to do so. In the passage
sudgesting we maintain the voting age of 18, not only does it provide specific factual information of how lowering the voting age to 16 will not
increase the voter participation average(VPA) but also provides alternative methods of incresing the VPA. The passage sudgests that a form of
mobile online voting should be avaliable to voters. This sudgestion makes nothing but perfect since with us entering a new digital age, we need to
adapt to the times and provide a way for voting to be availible to all, at any time, and from anywhere. No hassle of waiting in line or having to leave
work or home! ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several previous polls have proven that younger voters tend to vote dramatically less than older voters. The article also sudgests we allow 16 year
old voters to take voting impact away from that of much older voters. When in reality the older voters have much more life experience and could
make a better, more well founded decision than that of a 16 year

10 Ways e-Voting Could Save or Destroy Democracy
Democracy
As applied to the newspaper article:
10 ways e–voting could save or destroy democracy
http://www.smh.com.au/it–pro/government–it/10–ways–evoting–could–save–or–destroy–democracy–20140425–zqxni.html
First appearing in the Sydney Morning Herald, 25th April
Democracy
As applied to the newspaper article:
10 ways e–voting could save or destroy democracy
Australia, in it's relatively short history has always had an emphasis on social, personal and political freedoms – and a strong allegiance to the system
of democracy. Democracy has since spread to corners of the globe thanks to uprisings such as the Arab Springs which has spread democracy
throughout the Middle East and North Africa (Andelman, 2012). As time and technological advancements progress the concept of democracy has been
challenged, but never overthrown. One of the fundamental tenets of democracy is the power of the people to have a say in the running of a state, be it
the Athenian style of 'direct democracy' or our current style of 'representative democracy'. The major way in which the citizenry were able to have their
say on important issues was through the use of voting.
10 Ways e–voting could save or destroy democracy was an article that first appeared in the IT–Pro pullout of the Sydney Morning Herald. One of the
main ways a large citizenry can participate in a democracy is through the system of voting for eligible candidates to represent them in government. This
style of

Democracy And The Right Of Voting
Democracy
Democracy is a generic term and every mature person living in today's world is familiar with it. Democracy is a topic of debate now–a–days and most
of the research about it has already been conducted through surveys and choices of people. Democracy is a system that assures the people's part in
taking decisions of state and political affairs through the right of voting. The generic definition and concepts of democracy are easy accessible on many
websites online. Democracy is a on which almost 70% of the research is already done and further research is mostly taken in order to check the
shifting choices of the people.
Mostly the new generations are more attracted towards the concept of democracy and many organizations tend to analyze the changing behavior of
people. The generic data about democracy on the internet has also explains it very well. According to the generic data found on internet democracy
can also be defined as the 'government by the people'. The government is supposed to be made with the majority voting of the people and people are
free to vote any candidate of their own choice in a democratic country. (Building)
The democratic countries give power of choice to their people so that the decision of the people should be made a supreme decision as the rulers
supposed to rule on them and the people should have the right to select their rulers freely. Democracy in countries is dependent upon many factors and
the main factor stood as the active

Online Voting For E Democracy
ONLINE VOTING FOR E–DEMOCRACY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: IS IT POSSIBLE?
Julius Jillbert Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Indonesia
Mustarum Musaruddin Haluoleo University (UNHALU) Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Issues such as reliability, security and affordability of voting procedures might be seen as factors that can stimulate enthusiasm upon democracy system
among potential voters and increase participation. This paper argue that online voting may play important role on enhancing security and cutbacks of
burden human and financial resources allocation to election processes. However, in the emerging democracies, like some of Asian countries, in this case
Indonesia, exhibit other factors, such as political, cultural, educational, economic sensibilities, that might be weighted before any online voting system
is deployed.
INTRODUCTION
The major features of modern democracy include individual freedom, which entitles citizens to the liberty and responsibility of shaping their own
careers and conducting their own affairs; equality before the law; and universal suffrage and education. One of the most crucial functions in democracy
is the implementing of general election. This function can represent either citizen's trust and confidence in government or facilitate for the orderly
transfer of power. The general election itself consists of several activities such as the process of registering citizens to vote, preparing ballots, conducting

Disadvantages Of Online Voting
The E–voting software has been proven to be effective by several organizations. This software has gone through six phases in every software
development life cycle model: a– Requirement gathering Model b– Design c– Implementation or coding d– Testing e– Deployment f– Maintenance
So, the ultimate goal of the online voting system should be reliability, performance and security. Guaranteeing access of users to the resources online,
the implementation guarantees reliability and is designed for a concurrent load of up to 1000 users. The system is also built to be highly secure and
unquestionable integrity. On top of that, any information from the client to the server will be used for secure communication between the system
components.
5–How far is the proposed system beneficial?
The online voting system has many advantages compared to the traditional ballot casting system. The most obvious positives benefits are that the
voters can henceforth vote anytime during the election time, anywhere, and anyplace not having to commute to the polling station. The voters can vote
from their homes, offices or even holiday resorts.
The benefits of online voting system include better accessibility for people with disabilities or those who live abroad, being more appealing to
younger generations and faster access to results. In some cases, online voting also leads to higher voter turnout, depending on the time it remains active.
Another benefit of online voting is that it reduces the cost

What Is Lowering The Voting Age
After reviewing the two articles, it is clear that the voting age in the United States is up for discussion. However, the best supporting article is the one
stating that the voting age should remain as is. Recently, some people seem to believe that lowering the voting age from eighteen to sixteen could help
improve our voting system. However, for several reasons, this idea would only put a damper on our political system. As stated in the article, our only
goal should be to higher our voter participation rate. Instead of including a younger age range, the author suggest we enforce mandatory voting among
each American citizen. Many contries with the highest percentages of voters, are currently practicing this mandatory voting system.

Given The Increasing Decline In Turnout For Elections,
Given the increasing decline in turnout for elections, there is much debate over whether a compulsory system of voting should be introduced in the UK
and other advanced democracies. Proponents of compulsory voting would argue that voting is a civic duty, similar to paying tax or serving on a jury.
They would also contend that it would lead to increased political participation and engagement and that parliament would become more truly
representative and considerate of the whole electorate. Opponents, on the other hand, would mainly argue that making voting compulsory would be an
infringement on the rights of the individual, and would contravene their right to be free to abstain should they wish to do so. They would also assert that
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Former Secretary of State for Transport Geoff Hoon finds the declining turnout of younger voters alarming, saying in an interview with the
guardian that: 'My fear is that as the older, more regular voters die, we will be left with a significant number of people for whom voting is neither a
habit, nor a duty' (Wintour, 2005). Hoon is a big supporter of compulsory voting and proposes either a fine or a tax discount in order to incentivise
people to turn out to the polls (Wintour, 2005). The proposal of a tax discount is more positive measure and would probably make people happier
and more enthusiastic to vote, as opposed to a fine that may make people feel as though they are being unfairly coerced to vote. This proposal could
have the effect of boosting people's willingness to participate, increasing their desire to become more informed and providing a stop to the dwindling
election turnouts of recent years.
A low and ever decreasing election turnout is seen as an alarming thing because it calls into question the legitimacy of an elected government and also
the effectiveness of the country's electoral system. It also leads to disproportionate and overrepresentation of certain voter demographics. However,
with compulsory voting, the government must consider the total electorate when making and implementing their policies in order to get elected. This
would bring

The Lack Of Civic Virtue In The United States
One of the biggest challenges facing the American political system today is the lack of civic virtue among the citizens. In recent history, participation
in presidential elections have significantly decreased, never passing 60% in the last eleven elections. The Pew Research Center ranked the United
States 31st out of 35 countries for voter turnout based on the voting age population, among the most democratic nations. Being able to vote is
arguably the most important civic opportunity given to citizens. It is a privilege that should not be taken easily. Many immigrants understand what it
is like to be governed by leaders who are oppressive and are chosen without the consent of the governed. That is why the United States is the "land of
the free," because it is democratically structured where representatives are elected by the people. If the percentage of voters continue to decrease,
elections will no longer be dependent on the people and turnouts could result in the views of the minorities, rather than what the majority want. As
one who faced the oppressive rule of an oligarchical tyranny, the Thirty Tyrants, I value governments that listen to the people and genuinely want to
change or reform policies that do not align with the views of the general population. In my book, The Republic, I place great emphasis on the value of
civic virtue, along with personal virtue, which promote collective and individual greatness in a society. By passing laws to give everyone equal

Incivility And Sociality : The Loss Of Civility In The...
Incivility in the online world is partly caused by anonymity, but anonymity has its place in the internet and needs to stay. Incivility is often described
as social behavior that is lacking in respect, or good manners. A lot of people have reasons to believe that anonymity is the sole reason behind
incivility online, and while it plays a huge role, anonymity has an even bigger role in the conversations happening online in the first place. Maria
Konnikova, a bachelor in psychology and creative writing, writes about anonymity encouraging people to participate in discussions because their words
won't be attached to them and that if comments on internet articles were taken away, the connections we often–times make with these articles or news
stories are taken away as well. Richard Bird, a freelance writer who frequently speaks about the loss of civility today, argues in his article that the
ability to communicate anonymously online threatens civility severely. Bird claims that anonymity encourages incivility, like Konnikova in her
article. Finally, Rich Heldenfels, a retired pop culture writer for the Akron Beacon Journal, claims that American politics has always lacked civility
and isn't a new problem at all. Heldenfels claims that media makes incivility appear to be a bigger issue than it is. In my paper, I will explain the
arguments of the authors of each paper, compare them to one another, and share my thoughts and possible solutions of the problem that is online

Should Prisoners Be Given The Right To Vote Essay example
Should prisoners be given the right to vote?
The UK has been accused of breaching the European Convention of Human Rights Article 3 of protocol 1 by having a blanket ban on prisoners
voting. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) promotes the idea that convicted prisoners should be allowed to vote and have a right to vote,
despite the Conservative party being opposed to this view. As a result the ECHR have being pressuring the Tory's to bow to their rules for many years.
This essay will examine the history behind the debate of prisoners voting and, give reasons in favour of the ban and opposing to the ban, whilst strongly
promoting the view that prisoners should not have the right to vote.
In 1870, under the Forfeiture Act, prisoners ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that there is little argument against the disenfranchisement of prisoners as they are prepared and encouraged to be a part of society.
People are incarcerated for different crimes some a lot more severe than others. For example, a single parent was sentenced to 3 months for the theft of
a pair of jeans worth ВЈ10 (BBC News, 2011). However, while these are viable points and questions, the government allowing certain individuals in
prisons to vote could be a complicated decision. Felons' circumstances are not simply black and white; there can be a grey area with individual
cases. Appropriate retribution is said to only occur when an appropriate punishment is given for the crime (Hegel, 1965). This makes it difficult to
judge who has committed a serious enough offence to enable them to be stripped of their right to vote. Streeter said, the UK decided hundreds of
years ago that prisoners should not have the right to vote' (Streeter, 2011). This is a settled view in this country which has been accepted since 1870
(Hollobone, 2011). 'Do we want convicted murderers, rapists and paedophiles to be given the vote?' (BBC News, 2010). In terms of making the right
decision and having it morally and politically justifiable, felons should not be allowed to vote and it is nonsensical to think they should.
This essay has given a brief history behind the debate of prisoners voting. It has examined and shown both sides of the debate and

The Internet And The Internet
Internet is an electronic communication networks that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the word
(Merriam–webster.com, 1974). Internet Users are increasing daily the number of internet users where it has increased from 1.024 billion to 3.578
billion between 2005 till 2017 (Statistia.com, 2017). This shows that internet is now used in most parts of the world and it is contributing more and
more every day. Indeed, internet is now an addiction it became part of our life, it is now used by every one and by all different age groups. The
power of internet has transformed technologies such as computer, phones, Radio etc., like nothing before it is revolutionary, this have the stage for this
extraordinary integration of capabilities (Leiner et al, 1997). The internet is a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals using
devices without any regards for geographic location, internet is a world full of information (Cerf et al, 1997). Nowadays internet contributed in
politics, economy, and in our social life. The continues internet revolution still questioned in todays world. Undoubtedly the internet has been
beneficial for social, economical and political development in the 21st century. Some people may agree with that opinion and some may disagree this
essay will discuss both views in details using many different sources. The essay will discuss the Political, Social and economical revolution of internet,
by how it has been

Final Voting Patterns
The Problem
Merriam–Webster online dictionary defines democracy "as a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by
the people" (www.merriam–webster.com). But the one big problem is that "We the people" are not exercising their "supreme power" to determine the
U.S. government. Less than half of the eligible electorate showed up at the polls for the 1996 U.S. presidential election. While lower turnout has marred
previous presidential elections, 1996's voter turnout dipped below 50 percent for the first time in more than 30 years. It appears that the people's
increasing cynicism about politicians that they lie to get elected and the perception that people have no respect or confidence in the ... Show more
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Research Design
Data used for this term paper was obtained from Houghton Mifflin Company through the 1996 Voter's Data Set found as part of the Crosstabs
package. The dependent variable (rows) I chose to highlight the 1996 U.S. presidential election voting pattern was the Final Voting Choice. The
independent variables (columns) I chose were personal traits such as education, income, age, religious affiliations, race, and gender. The data made
available by the Crosstabs program was compiled in a statistically scientific way by a national survey of citizens before and after the 1996 election.
The objective of this research is to determine which of the personal traits of the electorate has a positive, negative, or an indifferent impact on voter
turnout. Therefore, I have made the following five assertions in the below listed hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1: Voters with higher education (which generally results in higher household incomes) are more likely to vote.
Hypothesis 2: Young voters are least likely to vote when compared with their older counterparts.
Hypothesis 3: Voters who have religious affiliations are more likely to vote.
Hypothesis 4: African Americans are less likely to vote than Caucasian Americans.
Hypothesis 5: There is no significant difference in the level of participation in an election by men and women.

Data Analysis
Niemi &

Character Analysis: Low Voter Turnout
Lesson 9 Presentation Plan
Presentation element. You may replace these generic elements with your intended slide titles.What do you plan to share on the slide and in your script?
You may include descriptions of visuals or other elements as needed.
Low Voter Turnout
A Nationwide Growing Decline Of Voter
(Title Slide)Title Slide Text: LowVoter Turnout
Script: I plan to introduce the problem that needs to be addressed, and then introduce both my background and myself.
Visuals: Historical Data Chart of Voter Turnout.
We're #1
(Comparison Setup)Slide 1 Text: #1 in Sports, #1 in Innovation, #1 in Worse Turnout forVoting."
Script: Our country has more Gold Medals in Olympic competition. More worldwide used inventions are designed in the United ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If the issue is important, people can share to social media, email, SMS, or blog posts to help expose the issue to others.
5/6] Time
"When?"
Interest won't convert to votes,
If people don't have time.
a. Problem
–Having to get off work
–Other unexpected time–consuming obligations
b. Solution
–Having time off to actually vote is necessary in a long time standardized drive–thru & microwave dinner era
–Other democratic countries hold elections on non–working days
–Each year, the National Vote day off allows for learning about the issues and seeing a report card of the current politicians

–Users can use a 3–step verification to rate the politicians on select issues, training people to relate to voting on the real Election Day
7/8] Access
"How?"
"Get to the Polling Station!"
a. Problem
–"There's not a bus stop by my polling location."
–"Have you seen the lines!"
–"How do I use this machine?"
–"Vote by Mail ballots arrive late."
b. Solution
–Full circle back to the site
–Having access to both the information on candidates including ratings on each issue, and the ability to vote on the same

Recent Obstacles and Barriers to Voting
In this essay, I would like to discuss the major obstacles to voting, recent changes to overcome voting barriers and the political influence of changed
rules. Low turnout in the U.S. reflects that there are obstacles for people to voting and changes to overcome these obstacles may also bring new
problems to different social groups. I will elaborate on these aspects in the following parts. Obstacles to voting and the absent voting of pure
independents are the reason of low turnout in the U.S. today, which may also have great influence both politically and legally. Thevoter turnout is the
percentage of qualified voters who actually go to an election to cast a ballot. Overall, the voter turnout in America is low, with only between 51 and 57
percent of eligible voters going to polls in presidential elections from 2004 to 2012. The reason why America has such a low turnout is because of
several obstacles in voting. The U.S. do not provide paid holiday for voters who are workers to vote or well–structured politics for different racial
voters, other obstacles like advanced registration and absentee voting also make the voting more difficult for voters. The pure independents, who are
unlike independent leaners or behaviour independents, are less well informed and less care about the election information and also definitely less
likely to vote on the Election Day, they do not have any preference for any candidates or parties. As Hershey mentioned in his book,

Benefits Of Online Voting
During the 2012 presidential election, only a stunning 58.6% of the population participated by voting. Most people think this percentage will never
change, keeping the US as one of the lowest turnout voting countries in the world. But I have a solution, implement online voting. By giving voters a
safe and reliable option to vote for their favored candidate online at home, the number of participating citizens will raise significantly. I'm going to
discuss exactly how to implement the system, why we need it implemented, and how it is going to benefit our government. Our government has the
technology and resources to provide an online voting system that will increase the turnout for future elections.
The opinions from others about this subject are usually very negative, saying that creating a safe, reliable, and easy–to–use online voting system will
forever be impossible. Most think that cyber security will never be good enough to create a un–hackable voting system, that creating one would put too
much risk to our democracy. In a way, most of them are correct. Creating a system that prevents fraud, duplicating votes, and hacking is an extremely
difficult thing to make, but I believe that our government has the software and people to make it. Think of the outcome, the amount of positive results
that come from allowing people to vote online. Most people agree, if we had an online voting system, the overall process during an election would be
way more advantageous and easy. An

Pros And Cons Of Lowering The Voting Age
Should the legal voting age be lowered to 16 years old? Personally I believe it should be. Firstly, younger people should be able to vote because 16 and
17 year olds have opinions too. Their voices deserves to be heard in our community as well as those above 18. It is suggested that young people skip
out on voting more so than older people. This may be the case, however no harm is done if the voting age is lowered; the voting population would be
increased regardless. Secondly, lowering the voting age and increasing the voting population is beneficial because more voices increase the odds of a
third party winning an election. More people with differing opinions would bring much needed support to non–democratic and non–republican

Dancing Competition Scenario Essay
Dancing Competition Scenario
1. Introduction of the system and the agreed terms as well as risks
The online system has to provide users with a way to register and then vote for their favourite team, as an alternative to telephone voting. The registered
users have to give some information about their favourite shows, which might not be necessarily valid responses, risking to show some advertising not
relevant to the audience. A common risk when it comes to onlinevoting is that users can change IPs as well as delete cookies, enabling them to vote
multiple times from a few different accounts. This is still possible even if there is a registration confirmation link as mail readers can be easily
automated. Compared to the telephone line which is managed by an outside business, DDOS attacks might bring our in–house systems down as well,
unless we have expensive firewalls, or as an alternative we can keep the system outside, making it harder to maintain and access. Overall, these issues
have been fixed in the past by companies such as Google or Amazon, therefore the system is a viable one nonetheless.
2. Some problems that could arise when using the system, discussed for each module
Registration: the users have to have an e–mail for the registration to be successful as well as confirm the registration which takes time. This is
intended to prevent fake users and duplicate accounts for users, but it is still possible since users might have a personal and professional e–mail account.

Voter Registration Essay
Voter registration is a simple process of enrollment that grants permission to vote in elections. Voting is a right by the United States citizen, which is
not exercised by many people. For this reason, the United States lacks representation by its people in where the citizens have the power to make a
difference and are actually hurting what the United States stand for. The people have the potential to determine the fate of the country. Reasons for an
individual not registering are not well informed, lack of interest in politics, and believe their vote does not count due to the Electoral College. However,
when researching if voting is important, many reasons are presented on the significance and the impact a vote can make. For example, it is ... Show
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They can either register in person at the Voter's Registrar's office and some but not all registrar to vote such as the Tax Assessor
–Collector, County
Clerk, or Election Administrators. Also, the citizen can register by mail by obtaining an application from the Voter's Registrar office, libraries,
government offices, or high schools. In addition, the individual can fill out a voter registration application online, print it and mail it to the voter
registrar in their county of residence. Moreover, there are other methods for obtaining an application such as requesting an application. A postage–paid
application from the voter registrar is obtained by filling out the form, so the application can be mailed to the person. A request for this application
lets the individual choose how many voter registration applications they want, and asks for their first and last name, address, city, state, and zip
code. In addition, the voter registration in Harris, has the application in Vietnamese and Chinese in which the individual prints the PDF and mails it
with a stamped envelope. Last but not least of methods is they application for a ballot by mail. In order, for the person to be eligible to vote early,
they must be 65 years or older, be disabled, out of the county on Election Day and during the early voting, or be confined in

What Would Be The Global Impacts Of Reducing The Voting
What would be the global impacts of reducing the voting age?
Voting is a key aspect involved in the function of a democracy in a country, a democracy being a system chosen by the population it governs. Usually
the voting population would choose to elect someone as their representative, such as a political party. The victory of a vote is usually dependent upon
the majority decision made by participating voters. Not everyone participates in the vote, despite having a right to do so. Some, such as those under the
age of eighteen in most countries, do not get to vote based on the laws that stand within that population. Suffrage is another word for the 'right to vote'.
Votingwithin a democracy will impact on the actions that are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not everyone has been able to make their opinion known, even if they are affected. An example of a situation where those under the age of eighteen
have been affected by the result of a vote that they could not partake in, was the EU referendum of 2016. With the narrow victory of a 'leave' vote
(51.9% to 48.1%) [2], could there have been a chance that the result would be different if the voting age had been lowered? There is evidence that it
could have been when ""the student room" the worlds' largest online student community" set up a poll for students under the age of eighteen so they
could say what they would have voted for if they had the opportunity. According to the article published on a site associated with the student room
"tsrmatters" this statement was made based on the results found.
"There are 1.46 million 16–17 year olds in the UK and with 82% voting remain, that number would match the 1.2 million difference between the leave
and remain votes. Potentially changing the result completely" [4]
This statement could suggest that if the opportunity had arisen, the results of the referendum may have been different. The 'side effects' of Brexit may
not have occurred, such as the record drop in the value of the British pound against other currencies which took place as soon as the 'leave'

Low Voter Turnout In Canada
Historically Canadians have been participating less in elections for many years. The highest turnout rate was 79.4% in 1958. The 2011 elections was
the first in many years in which Canadians were concerned enough to go vote, 61.4% participated which shows an increase from the 2008 elections in
which only 59.1% participated.
The decline in voter turnout is mostly awarded to the younger generations. They represent the category of people that participate the least in elections.
During the 2011 elections, 38.8% of people aged 18 to 24 voted, which is an augmentation from the 37.8% in the 2008 elections (Barnes, Andre, and
Erin Virgint, 2010). After a study done by elections Canada, it was showed that the new generations of voters are less likely to exercise that right
today, than they would have some years ago "Only a third of first–time voters today are actually voting, half the rate of a generation ago."( Ibbitson,
John, 2011) Another reason for the turnout decline could be awarded to the lack of interest; Statistics Canada did a poll in which they asked people
who had not voted why they had done so, and 28% said ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Australia, the voter turnout is approximately 94% of the citizens who are registered vote. But while people vote, a lot are not happy with the system
Paula Mathewson a political insider and commenter said on the system ""The idea that high voter turnout based on compulsory voting translates into a
politically engaged electorate is nonsensical. If we moved to a voluntary system, with the level of disenchantment and disengaged voters we have now,
no one would vote" (Beck, Katie, 2013). Internet voting has had success in countries like Estonia (Arthur, Charles, 2014).They have been using
E–voting for municipal elections, and while it works for small elections, there are still many flaws to Internet voting. The Internet is too easily

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Voting System
Iris Recognition Based Voting System
1G.Sathiyabama,2 J.Nithiya, 3B.Sankareswari@Saranya, 4M.Saravana Lakshmi, 5G.Abinaya 1,2 Faculties 3
saranyaei08@gmail.com,4saravanalakshmi93@gmail.com,5abinaya1068@gmail.com
Abstract ––
In this voting system,the voter identity card is replaced by smart card in which all the detail of the person is updated.Only the specified person can
poll using their smart card. Here the smart card reader reads the smart card and the details of that person is displayed, then it asks for verification
which is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In which the voted ballot is transmitted over the public internet through web browser[1]. The voter can directly vote online from anywhere in the
world. Security is the major issue in the Online VotingSystem[6]. It is very efficient and portable.
Advantages of Online Voting System[6]:
It is very much portable system as the system works on internet only the internet supporting device is required. It is very fast as compare to
traditional paper ballot voting system. The voter doesn't need to wait in long queue for voting. He /She can cast their vote just on a single click This
system gives the freedom of casting the vote from anywhere in country. This is beneficial for the voters who are regularly out of station. .
Disadvantages of Online Voting System[6]:
The designing phase of this system is highly complex. As the system has deal with large number of users and has to maintain huge database The whole
system operates over the internet which makes the system more susceptible to online threats so the security issue is the main concern of this
system.This system is very much costlier than other

Social Theory And Social Judgement Theory
Abstract
The topic to be discussed here is one of the social sciences based on the theories Groupthink and Social Judgement Theory. I will propose a study to
analyze the relationship between the number of hours of media an individual receives and its effects on his or her voting behavior. The participants of
this proposed study will be registered voters between the ages of eighteen and seventy and residents of the United States of America. The primary
method of collecting data will be through surveys. Once the data has been, collected a multiple regression will be constructed. Please note, the terms
person, individual, subject, and voter are used interchangeably throughout the document.
Introduction
This document discusses a proposed study that analyzes a person's media exposure and how that effects his or her voting behaviors. Throughout this
document I will discuss the theories associated with the proposed study as well as how this study could impact the theories and everyday life that the
theories are based upon.
Associated Theories
The proposed study is based upon two theories: Groupthink and Social Judgement Theory.
Groupthink can be described as a phenomena that causes a group of people to become so extremely concerned with unanimity that each person makes
decisions without considering all of his or her options. This type of phenomena tends to hold a negative connotation because the thought process
associated with the theory causes people to fall to "peer

The Is The Right Person Get Elected?
Every year, in the beginning of November, Americans go out and exercise their right to vote for the people who they think will best represent their
country, state and town. In the end not everyone running for an elected position will win, but the victor is the person who the majority wants to
represent them as a population. This idea is what we call democracy and it is what the U.S. government is based on; or so we think. After each election,
when all of the votes are counted, there are times where the voting margin between the winner and the loser is just too close for comfort. With the
enormous population of our country and the sizable populations of our states, this only consistently happens within local government councils and
boards. When this does happen, many people think, did the right person get elected? This discomfort is something we cannot change because the
results are what they are. However, what if this wasn't the case? What if there was a way we could ensure that the victor of a close election was the
right person for the majority? Today I present to you a policy that will fix this problem that touches every American across our nation. This policy is
called the 5% revote policy and states that all local governments will have a revote for town or city council members if the vote margin percentage
between the victor and the runner–up is 5% votes or less. I will now show you that this problem exists and why it exists, a real example of this problem
and what you

The Non Voting Millennial Essay
I first came to hear the argument of the non–voting millennial in a shared Facebook article post amongst my friends. As well, so many of them posted
personal written statuses explaining why they had confidently decided against voting in this most recent and very heated election that pitted Hillary
Clinton against Donald Trump. Being considered a millennial myself, apart of the younger generation comprised of people ages 18 to 29, I feel in
sync with my peers' viewpoints on voting. Not only in this current Presidential Election, but in any election, whether it is state or superior. Now, if I
or one of my peers were to state this in a public forum we would immediately be subject to bashing or have the fact that it is our civil duty to get out
and vote brought up, with little to no one that would lend a listening ear to hear our honest reasoning. But the younger generation not fulfilling their
civil duty is not a new concept nor is it a minor issue. So, instead of criticizing and before we ask why, let us look at the facts. According to The
Economist, a print and online publication offering news in business, finance and politics, only 24 percent of millennials, ages 18 to 29, took to the
polls in 2010 during midterm elections. Meanwhile, a significantly larger 51 percent of Americans ages 30 and older voted. In 2012, as well as the
2016 Presidential Election, millennials made up an even smaller portion of voters at 19% (Mosendz, 2016). These and many other polls show that it

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