Negative selection shaped bat chemosensory gene repertoires
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International Bat Research Conference 2016, Durban, South Africa
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Negative selection shaped bat chemosensory gene repertoires
- 1. Negative selection and adaptive duplication, not sensory exchange, explain chemosensory gene repertoires in noctilionoid bats Liliana M. Dávalos, Elizabeth R. Dumont, Stephen Rossiter, Sharlene Santana, Karen Sears, & Laurel R. Yohe International Bat Research Congress, Durban 4 August 2016
- 3. Sensory tissues are expensive • For neurons • Maintaining function, even at rest, is energetically expensive • Excess functional capacity has increased energetic costs • Reduction may relate to high energetic costs Niven & Laughlin 2008 J. Exp. Biol.
- 4. Sensory exchange hypothesis Gilad et al. 2004 PLoS Biol. Trichromatic vision Excess pseudogenes Statement 2 V. Wiebe and S. Pääbo retract their names from the publication since they are of the opinion that the primary data do not support the conclusions presented.
- 5. Comparative evidence for trade-off Hypothesis with sensory systems
- 6. An alternative: grade shifts Garland 2014 Curr. Biol.
- 7. The bat chemosensory system In a phyllostomid
- 8. Chemosensory trade-off? Hayden et al. 2014 Mol. Biol. Evol. Volume 31 • Number 10 • October 2014 Print ISSN 0737-4038 Online ISSN 1537-1719 www.mbe.oxfordjournals.org Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Molecular BBiology and EEvolution • A tool for inferring large Bayesian phylogenies • Experimental models fit the data much better • Genetic diversity in captive giant pandas • Mosses mitochondrial genomes are frozen in time • P450 is a genetic component for termite societies
- 9. ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● Diet Echolocation Morpholology VNO Rousettus lanosus P. giganteus Pteropus rayneri Cynopterus sphinx Nyctimene albiventer Craseonycteris thonglongyai R. ferrumequinum Rhinolophus hipposideros Emballonura atrata Thyroptera tricolor Pteronotus parnellii Macrotus californicus Desmodus rotundus Carollia perspicillata Sturnira tildae Artibeus jamaicensis Platyrrhinus helleri Vampyrodes caraccioli Anoura geoffroyi Leptonycteris curasoae Erophylla bombifrons Phyllonycteris poeyi Vampyrum spectrum Lophostoma silvicola Trachops cirrhosus Myotis lucifugus Eumops auripendulus Molossidae Vespertilionidae Phyllostomidae Mormoopidae Thyropteridae Emballonuridae Rhinolophidae Craseonycteridae Pteropodidae YangochiropteraYinpterochiroptera ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● Animalivorous Plant-visiting Fruit specialist Echolocation No echolocation Has VNO No VNO Figure 1 Eau Mlu Tci Lsi Vsp Ppo Ebo Lcu Age Vca Phe Aja Sti Cpe Dro Mca Ppa Ttr Eat Rhi Rfe Cth Nal Csp Pra Pgi Rla ✷ No chemosensory trade-off, Stenodermatinae special Hayden et al. 2014 Mol. Biol. Evol.
- 12. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 100 200 300 400 2 4 6 8 10 No. of V1Rs No.ofolfactoryreceptors Olfactory receptors vs. vomeronasal receptors Both from transcriptomes t = 0.06, P-value = 0.9513
- 13. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 100 200 300 400 2 4 6 8 10 No. of V1Rs No.ofolfactoryreceptors Olfactory receptors vs. vomeronasal receptors Both from transcriptomes t = -0.07, P-value = 0.9445 t = 0.10, P-value = 0.9242
- 14. Most previously known bat V1Rs are pseudogenes Including 2 Miniopterus V1Rs Outgroup genes Phyllostomid genes Bat pseudogenes
- 15. Phyllostomid V1Rs are conserved Including Equus, Canis, Miniopterus Outgroup genes Phyllostomid genes Bat pseudogenes
- 16. ● ● 100 200 300 400 Other species Stenodermatinae Group No.ofolfactoryreceptors Olfactory receptors No difference in raw numbers F = 1.13, P-value = 0.4845
- 17. Mc Lsi Dro Lcu Vsp Tci Age Mre Ebo Ppo Sli Aja Vth PheDro Mc Lsi Dro Vsp Tci AgeMre Ebo Cpe Sti Vth Vca Phe Dro Pgi Dro Dro Dro Dro Age Pgi Mre Lcu Ebo Sli Vth Phe Age Mre Dro Mre Lcu Mc Dro Vth Dro Vth Dro Dro Ebo Mre Mre Mre Ebo EboVca Mre Cpe Mre Mre MreMre Mre Mre Mre Mre MreMre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre PpoTci Lcu Sti Lsi Phe Vth Ppo Mc Ebo Cpe Lcu Cpe Lsi Sti Tci Phe Vca Vth MreLsi Ebo Tci Dro Mc Mre Mre Pgi Vth Vsp Dro Mc TciVsp Vca Sli EboLsi Sti Ebo Dro Dro Mc Ebo Mre Tci Sli Lsi Ebo Mre Ebo Mre Mre Tci Phe Dro Ebo Mc Mc Aja Tci Tci Mre Mre Cpe Mre Mre Ebo Dro Dro Mre Mre PheAja Sti Mc Vca Phe Lsi Lsi Lsi Tci Tci Tci Tci Vsp Phe Tci Cpe Lcu Cpe Ebo Cpe Ppo Ppo Age Age Vsp Lcu Pgi Vth VspEbo MrePhe Pgi Pgi Pgi Pgi Pgi Pgi Sli Pgi Pgi PgiPgi Mre Lsi Vsp VspLsi Phe Aja Tci Pgi Dro Dro Dro Dro Mc Ebo Vca Lsi Vsp Tci Ppo Vsp Vsp Vth Vth Phe MreEbo Vca Sti Sti Sti Phe Mc Dro Dro Pgi Pgi Mre Mre Phe Mre Mre Mre Dro Ebo Cpe VspPhe Phe Phe Vsp Pgi Mre Mre Mre Mre MreMre Mre Vca Dro MreMre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Sti Sti Aja Sli Sli Sli Aja Vca Phe Aja Aja Aja Vca Aja Aja AjaAja Sti Phe Phe Sti Aja Sti Sti Aja Sti StiPheAjaPhe Phe Sti Sti Sti Sti Vca StiSti Vca Aja Phe Vca Aja Pgi Pgi Pgi Pgi TciTci Dro Lsi Tci TciTci Sti StiSti AjaPheAja Tci Ppo Tci Mc Vth Vth AjaPhe MreMre Sti Ebo Ebo Vth Vth Sli Sli Vth VthVth Vth Mre VcaPhe VcaVca Phe Vth Sti Vth Vca Sti Sli Sli Sli Sli Sli Vsp Pgi Mre Mre Mre Mre MreMre Mre Vca Dro MreMre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Mre Sti Sti Aja Sli Sli Sli Aja Vca Phe Aja Aja Aja Vca Aja Aja AjaAja Sti Phe Phe Sti Aja Sti Sti Aja Sti StiPheAjaPhe Phe Sti Sti Sti Sti Vca StiSti Vca Aja Phe Vca Aja Pgi Pgi Pgi Pgi TciTci Dro Lsi Tci TciTci Sti StiSti AjaPheAja Tci Ppo Tci Mc Vth Vth Phe MreMre Sti Ebo Vth Vth Sli Sli Vth Mre VcaPhe VcaVca Phe Vth Sti Vth Vca Sti Sli Sli insects blood small verts nectar soft fruits figs Old World fruit
- 18. Take-home • Lots more work needed to get complete inventories • Molecular evolution analyses show clear patterns • Conservation of V1Rs • Expansion of certain OR subfamilies Photo by S. Puechmaille
- 19. Thanks!