Language And Literature Courses And Ap U.S. History

Language And Literature Courses And Ap U.s. History
I've always struggled to break the boundaries entangled within the composition of traditional essays. Between AP Language/Literature courses and AP
U.S. History, my writing had become noticeably formulaic; I relied heavily on templates and felt awkward abandoning the traditional five paragraph
essay. Although the formulaic way ofwriting assisted in my capability to critically recognize the difference between opinion and evidence, the patterns
were not helpful in developing my organizational skills. My ability to form argumentative ideas from given prompts strengthened, while unity and
coherence within paragraphs proved to be my downfall. It was not until my second semester of English at the University of Georgia that I noticed my
organization was not comprehensible to the reader. Some paragraphs were like mazes; they left the reader wondering how the first sentence connected
to the following sentence. Along with organization, English 1102 helped identify my lack of transitional phrases within paragraphs and the tendency
for my argument to shift. Nonetheless, this course has highlighted my strengths as a writer, including my ability to incorporate evidence so that it
supports an intelligent, challenging thesis.
The most interesting aspect I discovered about my writing this semester is my ability to read, appreciate, and interpret a piece of literature and write
analytically about it. In this course I've grown to change my reading process completely. I had a tendency to read
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Colonialism In After Amnesia
After Amnesia, 'Of Many Heroes' A dominated culture learns not just to be like the culture that dominates it, but also tries to cover its own
surroundings. In such cultural encounters, amnesia plays the most important role in defining the self–perception of cultures. G. N. Devy's After
Amnesia, first published in 1992, offers an keen study of contemporary literary scholarship in Indian languages by indicating how modern Indian
languages 'learnt to forget' that literary criticism had been discarded by them during the post–Sanskrit medieval centuries, and how they have posed
before themselves a false choice of scholar practices fixed in culturally distant Western or Sanskrit traditions. After Amnesia proposes that what has
come... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symbolically, he suffers from colonialism and also the sins of progress. The violence of these events commands the need for a Freud or an Adorno.
Yet one mourns the absence of a reliable local reading of colonialism. India lacks a Fanon or an Edward Said, someone who can split apart the
supposed in authenticity of the wrongly classical and yet question the hypocrisy of the contemporary. We can, obviously, present an Ashish Nandy and
celebrate his models of colonialism in terms of the sexuality of male and female and also adduce Gandhi as an answer. Gandhi fits the challenge to
hegemony from such a structure. Later, Nandy created the opposition between myth and history arguing that symptoms of history are often a precursor
of cruelty in our humanity. One thinks of the destruction of the Babri Mosque or the violent rhetoric of Narendra Modi in this context. Nandy, while
playful, is often incomplete, a more happy–go–lucky cuckoo, laying his assumption like eggs waiting for some dull social science crow to formulate
them. At another level, for all their agility, Nandy's essays still appear like a Freudian salad served up with local

The Influence of History on American Literature Essay
"A Tale Intended to be After the Fact..." is how Stephan Crane introduced his harrowing story, "The Open Boat," but this statement also shows that
history influences American Literature. Throughout history, there has been a connection among literary works from different periods. The connection
is that History, current events, and social events have influenced American Literature. Authors, their literary works, and the specificwriting styles; are
affected and influenced by the world around them. Authors have long used experiences they have lived through and/or taken out of history to help
shape and express in their works. Writing styles are also affected by the current trends and opinions of the period they represent. By reading American
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Regionalism and local color writings are each specific types of Realism. They worked to record a distinctive way of life. Regionalism often showed
regional dialect, food, clothing styles and customs of that time period. Naturalism, like realism, works to accurately portray its subject matter, but
naturalism also works to find the scientific theory. Each of these writing styles have characteristics that make them stand out from one another but
they all seem to also have a common link of showing life realistically of that time period. It is easy to see that current events and issues of the world
around them have had an impact on authors and what they have written from the stories in this time period. The Native American authors wrote stories
describing life during and after white man came to America. We read Oratory's by two Native American's COCHISE and CHARLOT. They gave
heart–wrenching speeches, giving great details into the history of the tribes and the devastating effect the white man had on them. Author Zitkala Sa
gave us a powerful interpretation of her life as a Indian and how the white's coming to America affected her life.
The African–American authors of this time period wrote stories describing life during and after slavery. Real life issues that these authors lived
through and experienced through the world around them. The excerpts that we read of Booker T. Washington's "Up From Slavery," told a compelling
tale of his life of being born into

The History of Childresn Literature Essay
The History of Children's Literature EDP1: Task 1 Janet Blake Western Governors University Children's literature is defined many different ways.
It can be simply defined as a book that a child reads, or as Kiefer defined it "as the imaginative shaping of life and thought into the forms and
structures of language." (Kiefer, 2010, p.5) Literature has been around for hundreds of years, although not in the form that we are used to seeing
now. There have always been stories to be told for as long as one can remember. Before the days of bound books and magazines, there were stories
that were told by people in the village around the campfires, or the bards and traveling entertainers telling stories to the court in the castles. This form...
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(Kiefer, 2010, p.66) In the Middle Ages, children were treated as an adult in the family. Children went out to work just as the parents did to help
provide for the good of the family and to provide for the family's needs, whether it was economically or material based. The prosperity of the family
came first. Because of this, many children were unable to read and were not provided with a formal education. They were provided with the
education that was needed to survive everyday life and the education of religious beliefs. Books at this time cost too much for the common family
to own, and were very rare at this time in history. In 1476 William Claxton was credited with learning the printing trade and taking it back to
England with him and setting up a printing press at Westminster. From there he published 106 books of various genres. The books were put together
with excellence, but were very costly, because of this they were owned mainly by the wealthy. (Kiefer, 2010, p.69) It is visible at this point to see
how valuable the printing press really was. Due to the high expense that books were in this time, many did not own books because they could not
afford them. Others would trade their valuable land or property to own a single book. The fifteenth through the sixteenth centuries brought more to
children's literature. Children made a progression from hornbooks, to ABC books and primers, to the small

A Brief History of English Literature
A brief history of English literature 1. Anglo–Saxon literature
Written in Old English c.650–c.1100. Anglo–Saxon poetry survives almost entirely in four manuscripts. Beowulf is the oldest surviving Germanic epic
and the longest Old English poem; other great works include The Wanderer, The Battle of Maldon, and The Dream of the Rood. Notable prose
includes the Anglo–Saxon Chronicle, a historical record begun about the time of King AlfredВґs reign (871–899) and continuing for more than three
centuries.
Authors: Caedmon (English poet), Cynewulf (English poet), Franciscus Junius, the Younger (European scholar) and John Gardner (American author)
Works: Beowulf (Old English poem), Exeter Book (Old English literature) manuscript volume of Old ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Universidad de Valencia. 13 October 2010 <http://www.oxfordreference.com
/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t142.e3806>
4. The Renaissance and Reformism
The reformation, owing both to the wishes of its academic founders and to the popular tendencies underlying it, concerned itself largely with popular
preaching. It is a widespread error to assume that there was little popular preaching in the Middle Ages. It is true that there were many bishops and
parish priests who shirked their canonical duties in this respect, but there was much popular instruction; there was, especially among the friars, much
simple, at times even sensational, mission preaching. But the deepening of religious life that preceded the reformation led men to employ with greater
diligence all means of helping others, and popular preaching was thus more widely used. Here again, both a conservative and a revolutionary tendency
are observable. On the one hand, we can trace the fuller but continuous history of the older use of sermons. On the other hand, we find the tendency,
seen at its strongest in Zwinglianism, to exalt the sermon above the sacraments, to put the pulpit in place of the altar. Both tendencies made the
literature of sermons more popular, and more significant. But, in the literature thus revived, the

Native American Literature: Nature's Influence In The...
Nature has always been a constant influence in the history of man. Whether it is appreciated, revered, ignored, or acknowledged, nature has been a
prominent force throughout history. Analyzing literature across the years reveals the many different relationships man has had with nature. Despite it's
different interpretations, nature is a recurring theme from Native American literature, to Romanticism and its subcategory of Gothic Romanticism, to
Transcendentalism, and to Realism. Throughout Native American literature, nature is interpreted as equal to humankind and is utilized to illustrate a
kinship between man and his surroundings. Native Americans were polytheistic, believing that every aspect of nature had a soul, thus connecting
humankind ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With authors such as Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, Washington Irving, Henry David Thoreau, and Jack London paving the way to great literature
within each of their respective eras, each recognized nature as a force in their writings. Within each literary era, Native American, Romanticism,
Transcendentalism, and Realism, nature is recognized, despite its different interpretations. As humankind has grown along with technology, nature has
begun to change into a much more polluted, toxic version of what it once was. This begs the question: How will nature impact American literature as
the years go on?
Works Cited
The Blackfeet Genesis. Adventures in American Literature, Athena Edition; Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1996, pp. 374
–75.
Boman, John. Washington Irving. Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography,
Cambridge University Press, 2001. EbscoHost, 12 April 2018.
Irving, Washington. The Devil and Tom Walker. American Literature, McGraw
–Hill; 2009, pp. 242–50
London, Jack. Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, World Book Inc., 2017,
Chicago. EbscoHost, 12 April

The Anglo Saxon Era Of Rich History And Reflected Literature
The Anglo Saxon Era of Rich History and Reflected Literature
The Anglo Saxon Period began in 449 and ended in 1066 AD. This was a time of Viking conquering other nations, patriotism, and Pagan to Christian
religious conversion. There are only few recorded authors of this era as a result of literary works such as Beowulf, Wife's Lament, and The Seafarer
being passed down orally through generations of time. The literature serves as a reflection of this ancient time rather than having an impact on this time
period. This was a period of great conquering, pride and honor, and Christian expansion with recorded literature that exaggerated and symbolized what
was occurring.
"This time remains the darkest, the least documented in British history" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The religious transformation was a slow but progressive growth. It is definitely certain that the characters of these oral stories were exaggerated or
even make believe and as a matter of fact after much studies of the Roman Empire, there has even been controversy over King Arthur's existence.
(Wood 39) "The question is, what happened in Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire? Bound up with that, there is a second question: did there
exist at this time a war leader called Arthur?" (Wood, 39). This shows that not only were the obviously exaggerated heroic characters fake but also
some of the seemingly realistic characters were as well. This indicates that these stories were definitely exaggerated for entertainment purposes, but at
the same time, used to describe the battles, the honor and events that happened at this time. There are three main literary works of this time period:
Beowulf, Wife's Lament, and The Seafarer. Each literary work has unique symbolism and can be analyzed and interpreted to show what they
represent. Beowulf highly focuses on battling, one having honor for their kingdom, and even has some religious representation. Beowulf is an epic
poem, which is defined as a long, narrative poem about a larger than life, legendary character in pursuit of a goal of national importance. Also,
Beowulf's character is classified as an epic hero, which is defined as one who constitutes superior strength and excellent ethics, one who does many
valorous

The History of American Literature
The history of American Literature starts well before this land was even called America. It has been a great evolution to come from tribal symbols
and drawings to today's Stephen King and Danielle Steele. Literature has gone through many phases and was impacted by great events and ideas in
American history. The earliest form of literature in what would one day be known as America were far from what modern day people would consider
"Literature". The Natives who inhabited this land first had unwritten ways of passing on experiences, beliefs, and stories. Natives relied heavily on the
verbal telling of these stories to younger generations. The same stories, fables, or belief structures were told repeatedly, each time identical to the last,...
Mather's rewarding career included writings on science and medicine as well as theology and history. His Sentiments on the Small Pox Inoculated
(1721) was instrumental in introducing the smallpox vaccine to New England. A new genre for American writers, the travel narrative, would become
especially influential late in the 1700s. Travel narratives include Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America (1778) by Jonathan Carver and
Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, etc (1791) by William Bartram . Travel stories
often blended observations on nature and landscape with tales of personal courage and achievement. The first American newspaper, the Boston
News–Letter, was founded in 1704, and joined by the Boston Gazette in 1719. At a time when newspaper journalism was concerned primarily with
reporting political events, the New–England Courant, started by James Franklin in 1721, became the first newspaper to include literary entertainment.
Franklin's younger brother Benjamin Franklin published humorous social commentary in the Courant under the pen name of Silence Dogwood .
Magazines also appeared for the first time in the colonies during the mid–1700s. Before 1800 magazines were concerned primarily with measuring
America's developing culture against the British model. During the 1700s Boston and Philadelphia became centers of publishing in addition to being
political and commercial centers.

Materiality In English Literature
Medieval Things: Materiality, Objects, and Literary Practice
In this seminar we will study critical works of medieval English literature along current theoretical writing that shares an interest in things and objects.
Since the 1980s, the humanities and social sciences have developed new approaches of thinking about materiality. Early work in material culture
targeted at the social productivity of objects created by humans. However, essential approaches often grouped beneath the time period "new materialist"
have questioned this human–focused angle, suggesting rather that the human beings and things are essentially distinctive in a particular modern
concept. Philosopher and historian Bruno Latour, argued that the line between humans and natural phenomena – the line between object and subject –
was more permeable prior to the seventeenth century. Our seminar will dive into this claim, analyzing English medieval literature and philosophy. The
readings will include texts written by Bill Brown, Jane Bennet, Gilles Deleuze, Sara Ahmed and Manuel De Landa; and medieval literature by William
Langland (Piers Plowman), Geoffrey Chaucer (dream visions and some of the Canterbury Tales), Marie de France (short romances called Lays), Julian
of Norwich (A Revelation of Love), Thomas Malory (Morte Darthur).
Transatlantic Literature and the History of Print, 1700–1900
This course will focus on the methodologies of book history as they are applicable to the Anglophone written tradition,

Essay on Expanding the Literary Canon
Expanding the Literary Canon
While this essay can in no way claim to contain a fully representative sampling of what various scholars have contributed relative to the ongoing
debate over the literary canon, I will attempt to highlight three distinct positions which are all informed by John Guillory's critical contributions to the
canonical debate. First, I will discuss the concept of ideology and canon formation as Guillory first articulated it in his 1983 essay, "The Ideology of
Canon Formation: T.S. Eliot and Cleanth Brooks," and which he subsequently thoroughly revised and included in his 1993 book on canon formation,
Cultural Capital: The Problem of literary Canon Formation This essay on the ways ideology and cultural politics ... Show more content on
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Of course the marginal elite he is referring to here is the literary culture within the academy. He goes on to posit that while it is unlikely that the
formations of canons can ever be removed from ideological conflicts, that in essence, this is not really saying much at all (145)! While the marriage
ofideology and canon formation may be self–evident, Guillory still goes on in the essay to carefUlly delineate how the ideological concerns of T. S.
Eliot culminated in Eliot's creation ofa revisionist canon which operated as somewhat of a "shadow canon" along side the established literary canon by
elevating the importance of the Metaphysical poets at the expense ofthe established poets ofthe traditional canon––Milton, Shakespeare, Keats, Shelley,
Yeats, etc. According to Guillory, the recipients of Eliot's canon (
scholars, academics) the "marginal elite", act as the "clergy" ofthe orthodoxy ofthe
literary culture, occupying, as Guillory points out, a perch not unlike that of Eliot's preferred poets: "Its real status is precisely that of Donne's poetry,
which circulated among a coterie of admirers, or a marginal elite" (151).
Guillory maintains that it is Cleanth Brooks who is left with the task of translating Eliot's many ideological concerns;–the doctrine ofimpersonality
relative creative invention as articulated in "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the monumental and closed

Emily Gjertsson. American Literature And History. Duncan,
Emily Gjertsson
American Literature and History
Duncan, Fierce
February 6, 2017
The School–to–Prison Pipeline
Four kids, each under the age of 18 were sentenced as adults for 6–11 years in prison before DNA evidence proved them all innocent. You all probably
remember Trayvon Martin, who was walking home, pursued by a neighborhood watch captain for having a "suspicious" appearance, and then
fatally shot. You might know of Philando Castile, who was pulled over for a broken tail light, and was also shot by police while reaching for his ID,
his death then broadcast live over facebook as he bled out. Now chances are that if you turn on your TV, you will see a black man being paraded across
your screen accompanied by a police officer. This is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Minimum sentencing combined with the war on drugs brought a scythe through the black communities, literally cutting off men from their families,
huge chunks just disappearing into the prison systems for really long times. We're not only talking about fathers. We're talking about fathers being put
away with their sons with their brothers and with their cousins. So many broken families. 72% of African Americans have or are being raised by a
single parent. So who is their positive role model? It's not their mother, she's away all day working double shifts. Its not their father, he's in prison. It's
not their teachers, not only are they white but they are also teaching in impersonal over–crowded schools. Suddenly African American kids start looking
up to gangbangers who have nice cars, and nice clothes. This is why one in three African Americans born in 2001 can expect to go to prison in their
lifetime.
The odds are overwhelmingly stacked against African Americans. And because of this they feel a sense of hopelessness for the future. As if there is
nothing they could do to rise out of their realities. And to a certain extent, this is true. Think about redlining. Think about the inequality in the
workplace. Think about unfair voting ratios between black and whites, diminishing the black voice.
Now combine this and the fact that African American

History of British Literature
Late Medieval Period 14th Century British Literature
14th and 15th were period of transition from feudalism to pre–industrial era. A time of political, social and ideological conflicts;
England was in war with France (the hundred year war 1337–1453 Edward's claim to the French throne and attempt to bring England, Gascony and
Flanders under unified political control). The defeats in France lead to deepening the internal crisis. The decline in agriculture together with the rise in
the population resulted in frequent famines and helped the spread during the 14th c. of the "Black Death". 1381 – The Peasants' Revolt.
Culture: by 15th century England had become a nation with the sense of separate identity and indigenous culture
1362– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by the same anonymous author, is also of high literary sophistication, and its intelligence, vividness, and symbolic
interest render it possibly the finest Arthurian poem in English. Other important alliterative poems are the moral allegory Piers Plowman, attributed to
William Langland, and the alliterative Morte Arthur, which, like nearly all Englishpoetry until the mid–14th cent., was anonymous.
The works of Geoffrey Chaucer mark the brilliant culmination of Middle English literature. Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales are stories told each other
by pilgrimsВ–who comprise a very colorful cross section of 14th–century English societyВ–on their way to the shrine at Canterbury. The tales are cast
into many different verse forms and genres and collectively explore virtually every significant medieval theme. Chaucer's wise and humane work also
illuminates the full scope of medieval thought. Overshadowed by Chaucer but of some note are the works of John Gower.
The Fifteenth Century:
The 15th cent. is not distinguished in English letters, due in part to the social dislocation caused by the prolonged Wars of the Roses. Of the many
15th–century imitators of Chaucer the best–known are John Lydgate and Thomas Hoccleve. Other poets of the time include Stephen Hawes and
Alexander Barclay and the Scots poets William Dunbar, Robert Henryson, and Gawin Douglas. The poetry of John Skelton, which is mostly satiric,
combines medieval and

Art And Literature : The History Of Art Vs. Literature
Though it's all around us, sometimes it's easy to forget that art and literature does so much for society. They are, as some would argue, the things that
make humans, well, human. Both art and literature have an ability to capture the imagination in ways that are mystifying. They preserve the past,
shape the present, and predict the future. They affect the mind in amazing ways. Art makes it easy to realize that, though the world we have lived in
has changed and is very much different from what it used to be, humans have always been drawn to certain images. Often these are the things that the
human mind is genuinely fascinated about. Though setting, materials, and artists change; pictures of children, beautiful women, pets, and pretty... Show
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According to National Geographic's Chip Walter "The greatest innovation in the history of humankind was neither the stone tool nor the steel sword,
but the invention of symbolic expression by the first artists." This is because it can tell us so much about what the ages before where like, those first
few that decided to mark things down, helped to create the world that is known today. People choose to continue to do this because art simply lasts
more than most things. It lasts longer than a good meal, or a city, heck, it even lasts longer than the human mind itself. Before photography, people
would carry little paintings around of the people and things they loved. Just normal people that someone loved enough to have painted. That is the
beauty of it, long after we are gone, people may see paintings of photos of the faces of today, and be able to connect with them. Art causes thinking; It
makes you realize that sometimes the simplest things once meant enough to somebody they cared to paint, draw, photograph, or make it so that others
can have a chance of sharing in admiration of it. It is an insight into what the artist was trying to say. It is safe to say that no matter what the subject
matter is, the artist is always trying to make the audience, or maybe even themself for that matter, feel something. Art shows some of the rawest
possible human emotions in a physical form.

Current Literature Regarding the History of Bullying Research
Adult bullying at work is shockingly common and very destructive. In an in–depth analysis of 146 organizations worldwide, workplaces evidencing
bullying on a relatively routine basis made up 44% of the total analyzed. U.S. studies also suggest alarming prevalence rates. During any given 6 to 12
month period, up to 13 percent of workers are bullied on the job; this increases significantly when counting those bullied anytime during their careers
.These numbers translate to millions of workers: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 136 million Americans were employed in July 2008. An
estimated 55 million Americans have been bullied at work using the 33% rate. This paper reviews the current literature regarding the history ofbullying
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A decade later, the topic surfaced in England In 1991, a freelance journalist named Andrea Adams, brought the issue to public attention in Britain
through a series of BBC radio posts; she labeled the phenomenon "bullying." As a result of Adams' work and public concern, interest in and the study of
bullying intensified in the U.K. Although Scandinavia and the U.K. continue to lead in this area, bullying and mobbing research now includes, among
others, scholars and professionals in Japan, Australia, and Canada.
In the United States the history of adult bullying research has been less straightforward. U.S. psychiatrist Carroll Brodsky conducted one of the first
studies of workplace harassment and subsequently published "The Harassed Worker". Despite the groundbreaking nature of his work, the book stirred
little interest at the time. Brodsky's research was revived in the early 1990s when interest surged in England. Around this same time, the study of human
aggression expanded to include aggression at work, research that was centrally concerned with perpetrators. In the early 1990s, nursing professor,
Helen Cox, began studying verbal abuse in medical settings when it appeared to be driving away gifted nursing students. Around the same time rare
but highly visible occurrences of workplace murder sparked a massive amount of research that extended into the next two. In the late 1990s research
with a district focus that

Literature Has Functioned Throughout History As A Means
Literature has functioned throughout history as a means of social criticism that is accessible to the lay public. Classics like Brave New World by
Aldous Huxley and Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe leverage their plots to reveal alarming realities and comment on social issues. The
Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the earliest examples of literary social criticism. Hawthorne uses the plight of the main character,
Hester Prynne, a convicted adulterer in a society that severely punishes sinners, to take a stand against Puritanism and the religious conservatism that
stains the memory of his ancestors. In a similar fashion, the film Easy A, directed by Will Gluck, confronts puritanical aspects of modern popular
culture. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a similar yet less overt approach, Easy A portrays religious hypocrisy through the use of dialogue juxtaposed with music. As a result of her
notoriety for allegedly losing her virginity, Olive Penderghast incurs the wrath of the school's conservative religious group led by fellow student
Marianne Bryant. In a scene at a club meeting, Marianne complains about how "Jesus tells us to love everyone. Even the whores and the
homosexuals, but it's so hard" (Royal 65). As she is making her intolerant comments, the song Oh! Let My People Go: The Song of the
Contrabands, is played in the background. The juxtaposition of a song that was historically sung by slaves as a sign of freedom is in contradiction
with Marianne's rhetoric. Subtle undertones are used in the movie to negatively portray religion as fanatical and suppressive. Just as it can be
inferred that Hawthorne disliked the Calvinist fundamentalist version of Christianity the Puritans practiced, it can also be inferred that the directors
from liberal Hollywood dislike forms of religious extremism. This is certainly the case in later scenes in the movie when protestors from Marianne's
club hackle Olive with signs saying "OLIVE PENDERGHAST IS A WHORE" (Royal 72).
Easy A includes many overt references toThe Scarlet Letter, for instance Olive embraces her role as the school skank and begins wearing provocative
lingerie with a

Literature In Mark Twain's Influence Of American Literature
American literature has helped to change the face of a nation. From a nation heavily dependent on European influence to a society which has become
its own, literature has always been there to help pave the path. American authors have used their own unique style in a country unlike any other,
creating their own category of literature, shaping and reflecting society and expressing a relationship between place and literature. All evidence in this
blog is taken from Prentice Hall Literature, The American Experience.
What makes American literature American?
American literature is able to relate to the common man of the nation. It is plain spoken, but also elegant and thoughtful. American literature
encapsulates the American values of adventure, ambition, and optimism. American literature also shows a pride for being American.
For example Mark Twain used a plain spoken style that talked about the day to life of regular Americans, something the world had not seen before.
One of Twain's most acclaimed novels The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County shows the American values of adventure and ambition ". .
.and you couldn't fetch nothing for him to bet on but he'd match you. He ketchhed a frog one day, and took him home, and said he cal'lated to educate
him; and so he never done nothing for three months but set in his back yard and learn that frog to jump" (Twain 579). American literature also creates
a sense of of boldness and ambition in readers. Walt Whitman writes in

Racism In Hippolyte Taine's History Of English Literature
Gates places "race" in scare quotes to question the term's use, which ends in his distancing himself from and then refusing the term. Gates examines
"race"'s history in relation to the themes of science, language and culture. All three illustrate a targeted campaign to subordinate the racial "other". In
refusing to accept the term, Gates refuses Western definition. Gates locates the scientific connection between nature andrace in Hippolyte Taine's
History of English Literature. Rather than identifying race as a cultural and social construct, Taine maintains that "race" occurs naturally. Taine
asserts that the character value of a man lies in his race, stating that race, intellect and heart are "inseparable" (1892). The racial other made up the
"species of man", all of which were inferior to the white man (1898). Skin color and mental capacity become synonymous, and Kant "conflates color
with intelligence" (1898). Any semblance of reason nonwhites show is ignored because of the color of their skin, causing a negation in spite of logic,
rather than an assertion in the presence of logic.
If the Western literary tradition has been defined as a "more–or–less set of closed works that somehow speak to, or respond to, the "human condition'
(1891), excluding works from that literary tradition excludes people of color as experiencing the "human condition". In making these tropes seem an
innate part of cultural existence, no one questions racial practices because these tropes "naturally" exist. There is no reason to question or challenge
these tropes because they are not created, the simply exist. They are natural characteristics that can only be observed, which is another subversion of
the racial other.
19th century Western literature follows the thought that race is an "ineffaceable quantity, which irresistibly determine the shape and contour of thought
and feeling (1892). This is an important precedent of us vs them, and in the "scientific" belief that non–national races were inherently, biologically
different, rather than culturally different. The racial other exists naturally as a slave, but can obtain humanity through display of artistic ability, but is
not identified as artistic because they are naturally

Essay about Shakespeare's Manipulation of History Through...
In some of William Shakespeare's most famous works, he deviates from the historical truth to create the final product of his works. He does this to
please loyalty, as well as appeal to his audience at the time. At the same time, Shakespeare also does this to help create a stronger bond between the
reader and the characters. To satisfy this, he implements many fictional pieces to his famous works. Macbeth was one of these works as he wrote this in
1606 to honor James I becoming the king of England. To please him, he altered many features of characters, as well as add in fictional characters.
This changed the plot of the story greatly, making it very different from the story Shakespeare bases it off of. In addition, The Tragedy of Julius... Show
This led to a scene where a long line of Banquo's descendants would rule forever. He wrote this scene to please James I, giving him the fantasy that
all of his descendants would rule until the end of the world. Another piece that he adds into the story are the Weird Sisters. These figures are
meant to throw Macbeth around, as they try to make him overconfident, so this will alter the way he handles himself. Shakespeare very well
could've added in these characters to make the story more cohesive, as the witches warn him "Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great
Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill" (Macbeth 127). Following this, towards the end of the play, Macbeth sees an illusion of many moving trees
(men holding branches) moving toward Dunsinane. This makes the play seem more cohesive, as well as provide humor for the audience. In
addition to this, James was also a believer and a respected authority on witches. In 1599, he even wrote of witchcraft in his book Daemonologie.
Even to this day, this book still rivals in popularity with Shakespeare's other works. Shakespeare also made changes to Macbeth's character and
persona in the story. In the story he bases it off of, Macbeth is more of a one–dimensional character who served for the king of Scotland for ten years.
In the real story, he shows a lot more emotion, as shown through his constant change of feelings from guilt, to remorse, etc. Shakespeare most likely
added this in to

A History of Submissive Women in Literature
The feminine gender has long been one that has been repressed throughout history and forced to acclimate itself to a world dominated by men.
Although major improvements have been made in the strife for equality, this continues to be a man's world. In the short stories "The Chrysanthemums"
and "A Rose for Emily," as well as in the drama "A Doll's House," the protagonists are all frustrated women who are unfulfilled with their subservient
lives. Partly imposed upon them by their setting's historical and societal norms, they choose to either do something about it or continue to internalize
their dissatisfaction. When analyzing these pieces of literature, it becomes quite obvious which of the protagonists fall under the category of those...
According to Elizabeth Hardwick, Nora is "intrinsically independent and free–spirited" from the very beginning of the play (294). Unni LangГҐs also
wrote an essay on Ibsen's drama and about Nora's specific motives. He wrote, "When she performs acts that are generally reserved for men, or
withdraws from practices associated with women, she shows the gender attribution of these acts to be social constructions and thereby contests their
reified status" (157). So, LangГҐs claims that Nora's "rebellion" and discontent began long before she literally walked out on Trovald, her husband.
The events that eventually unfolded at the end of the play and that lead her to finally leave her husband were just those last straws that broke the
camel's back. Before her final stage exit, Ibsen has Nora say, "For eight years I have been patiently waiting," enforcing this idea of long–lived
frustration (3.1107). Again, this idea of the "rebellious woman" at the end of the nineteenth century was not only reserved to post–Civil War America as
was the case with Emily Grierson. Nora Helmer and her insurgence, against all ethical and moral norms of society at the time, did not go unnoticed in
Northern Europe. According to Marilyn Yalom, "The idea that a respectable woman should renounce her role as wife and mother, leave her husband
and children, and strike out on her own was seen

Japanese Literature Throughout History And History
In Japanese literature throughout history, there tends to be an idea of nature that is not nature as it really is, but is a projection of the subjective self.
This is portrayed through the concept of MappЕЌ. MappЕЌ in Japanese Buddhism, is the age of the degeneration of the Buddha's law, when only the
teachings remained, the practices were no longer pursued, and enlightenment was a mere word. This is a concept that has substance, especially when
combined with mujЕЌ, the idea of impermanence. MujЕЌ became an idea because Buddha taught that because all things within our lives and our world
are constantly changing, it's important to remember that nothing is permanent. Kamo no ChЕЌmei's writing presents a variety of elements related to
MappЕЌ, which, through the concept of mujЕЌ, shows the impermanence of nature as well as humanity fading into the vastness of nothingness.
Through the traditions of simplicity, isolation, and religion, specifically Buddhism and the Lotus Sutra, HЕЌjЕЌki shows this disastrous fleeting
through a calm, poetic, narrative voice. This paper will argue that themes of nature are connected to the idea of the subjective self, through
impermanence, and studies how ChЕЌmei's worldview affects his perspective on nature and the natural world.
Immediately, Kamo introduces HЕЌjЕЌki with a smooth, pessimistic, poetic tone, describing the impermanence of foam floating in a river pool. This
gives the reader an abrupt sense of sadness which is further produced through a direct

The New Testament : History, Literature, And Theology By...
M. Eugene Boring
An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, and Theology
An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, and Theology by M. Eugene Boring is a book which deals with an overview of the New
Testament from a historical, literature and theological perspective. As stated by the author, this book does not attempt to work through every point in
methodological detail, but from a case to case intends to provide enough specifics to illustrate evidence and argument (xxv). The author argues that the
book is intended for the beginning student, presupposing only serious interest in the subject matter, but no prior experience in detailed Bible study
(xxv). The author also argues that his work attempts to lead the student toward an in–depth understanding and competence as an interpreter of the New
Testament (xxvi). As you read the book you will notice that this is exactly what the author accomplishes in the material he presented.
Throughout the book the author provides a thorough understanding of the New Testament from a historical perspective as well as literature and
theology. Personally, I really enjoy the brief introduction of each of the main points the author discussed in his book. This brief, but straight to the
point material, provides the reader an easy–to–understand perspective of the New Testament. There is no doubt in the reader's mind that the author is
very familiar with the social, as well as the theological mindset of the New

Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature,...
Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History by Dori Laub Dori Laub, author of, "Testimony: Crises of Witnessing
in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History", discusses a concept of missed experiences referred to as the 'collapse of witnessing'. The 'collapse of
witnessing' is the idea that a person can witness an event and yet at the same time not really witness it at all. Through the analysis of Laub's 'collapse
of witnessing', a connection can be seen between St. Teresa and Mary Rowlandson. St. Teresa is a nun that devotes her life to God, while Mary
Rowlandson is the wife of a minister that is taken captive by Indians. They both have missed experiences and/or situations of the 'collapse of... Show
This relates to the concept that trauma and traumatic events can not be incorporated into the mainstream of the social. People can not master the
concept and therefore can not incorporate the event into their everyday life and everyday understanding. Laub says, "the loss of the capacity to be
a witness to oneself and thus to witness from the inside is perhaps the true meaning of annihilation, for when one's history is abolished one's
identity ceases to exist as well" (Laub 82). In other words, people have difficulty being a witness, but by not acknowledging the traumatic event,
by the 'collapse of the witness', it is actually the collapse of that person's identity. Therefore there is a constant struggle to not have a 'collapse of
witness' in order to not lose one's identity, but also to not be a witness in order not to have to face the trauma. The 'collapse of witness' of a person
that has physically experienced a traumatic event can be connected to the latency period discussed by Caruth. The latency period, as defined by
Caruth, is the period, "during which the effects of the experience are not apparent" (Caruth 7). According to Caruth, people can not always realize the
effect that an event may have had on them. The period of time from which the event actually took place and any sign of effect from the event, may be
a time where a

The History And Culture Of English Literature
The history and culture of English literature are profound in the literary writings from the beginning of the Periods of Old English, Middle English,
Elizabethan, Romantic, and the Modern. All of these periods are named purposely by intellectual, political movements, historical events, and artistic
styles that are evident in the literary writings during their respective timeframes. As an example, it is during the Old English Period (Anglo – Saxon)
where the English language is born. The epic poem Beowulf is for certain the most influential literary work of this period and possess national epic
status in England. The poem Beowulf draws on Christianity to change the pre–conversion myth by elucidating the many things that cannot be
explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or things beyond nature, turning into a
lesson on faith. Adversely, it is the Middle English period where the influence of Norman language (drawn from the French Romance language),
culture and literature take shape. This period starts with the Norman invasion in 1066, where we learn of a woman in the federal aristocracy,
marriage viewed as a political act and the introduction of courtly love. It is mysticism and magic that plays a role in the analysis of ideas and stories
of the Catholic belief during the Middle English Period which is evident in the literary works of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. A
historically

Literature Review : History Of Warrantless Searches
LITERATURE REVIEW
History of Warrantless Searches
A warrantless search is a search and seizure of a person and/or property without a search warrant. The Fourth Amendment of the United States
Constitution, which is designed to protect privacy and prevent unreasonable search and seizure, restricts warrantless searches. The Amendment also
states that in order to obtain a search warrant there must be probable cause as well as a description of the item being searched for and the people or
property that may be seized.
The history of warrantless searches in the United States started with only Thirteen Colonies. The British Empire were able to search homes and
businesses with a warrant. The United States Government created the Fourth Amendment to stop all warrantless searches. The Fourth Amendment has
been subject to interpretation from the executive and judicial branches of the United States.
There are situations during wartime or martial law when they will not need a warrant to search or seize anything. During the 1940– 1970's the CIA and
NSA were able to intercept information without a warrant. There have been many times in the United States when the government has monitor
Americans or immigrants from another county. Since the attacks against the United States from terrorist, we have seen the outcome of the government
monitoring them. Future attacks have been prevented thanks to technology and warrantless searches.
The later part of 1970's the United States Senate

Feminist Literary Criticism In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The...
Feminism and The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter stood out as a revolutionary work of writing when first published in 1850, mainly because of Nathaniel Hawthorne's radical main
character Hester Prynne. The novel's influence and Hawthorne's legacy are still clearly seen in its use in schools today, as well as its lasting popularity
with readers. As the novel has persisted throughout literary history, its themes, symbolism, and characters have come under the view of many different
lenses. It is arguable in our present day circumstances that Hester and her role in the novel still represent and uphold the innate feeling of what is
known today as feminism.
One of the lenses that The Scarlet Letter has fallen under throughout the years is feminist literary criticism. The definition of feminism given today
states that it is the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes, however, this is a broad definition that does not necessarily
encompass the feelings of this movement, feelings which can be found in the character of Hester Prynne. Feminist literary criticism is the literary
analysis that arises from the viewpoint of feminism, feminist theory, and feminist politics. (Napikoski and Lewis, ThoughtCo.). While basic feminist
literary criticism falls under the categories of identifying with female characters and reevaluating literature and the world in which literature is read, it
can mean determining a literary work's influence on feminism or vice versa,

Hypertext and Literary Study Essay
Hypertext and Literary Study
Hypertextual fiction (hyperfiction) and other hypertext applications are making their way into the literature courses where, Professor Larry Friedlander
says, "learning has basically meant the study of texts," in the form of the "printed word" (257). And these newer works, inseparable from their
contemporary technologies, offer the possibility of a very different type of literary study than the one most English majors experience in traditional
literature courses. Print and book technology perpetuate and validate linear experience, thought, and narratives, which buttresses a hierarchical
educational structure that shapes the roles of writers, readers, teachers, and students. Challenging our trust in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I. Fixed in Print: Our Inheritances from the Renaissance
As readers and as scholars many of us tend not to identify the organizational layout of print books as evidence of socially valued formats regarding the
"proper" forms of narrative, thought, and conveying meaning. To many modern readers print technology is just the natural form for narrative
entertainment or study. Although printed texts just seem natural, they reinforce concepts of stability, finality, authority, and even immortality. The
pursuit of a final authoritative, authentic text–not unrelated to the final draft students submit in literature courses–is an endeavor of great historical
significance, especially in terms of literary history. "It was establishing the original text that the Renaissance scholars thought their main task ...," notes
Richard Lanham, "The aim of all this was to fix the text forever" (quoted in Slatin 155). One of the icons of the English literary canon, Shakespeare
himself went so far as to praise the immortality of print in his famous sonnet sequence. Many of his sonnets–like 19, 55, and 60–contain references to
the lasting quality of art; however, the poet is not simply praising the virtues of poetry, but also of

The History of Modernist Literature
Modernism, as an artistic movement, was notoriously explicit about depicting sex. Indeed much of the history of Modernist literature involves
censorship and legal embargoes against work which was deemed too obscene to be permitted general availability and Modernist novels ranging
from Joyce's Ulysses to Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer would have to overcome legal hurdles before they could be read. The importance of Paris as a
center for publication activity cannot be understated here: both James Joyce and Henry Miller were able to have their work published in Paris when
no–one in an English–speaking country would take the risk. But this was established before Modernism a generation earlier, Oscar Wilde's play
SalomГ© was written in French, but was banned from being staged in London for its religious (rather than sexual) content. It is worth asking, then,
what role was played by explicit sexuality in defining Modernist art and Modernist consciousness. An examination of works by Henry Miller, AnaГЇs
Nin, and Djuna Barnes may demonstrate that, to a large extent, the description of sexuality served a two–fold purpose: it helped Modernism define
itself against the proprieties of earlier literature, but it also represented an inward turn for art. By emphasizing the interiority of consciousness,
Modernist novels were making an implicit turn away from dealing with the outer political turmoil of the decades which produced not only Modernism,
but the two World Wars. It is the

William Shakespeare 's ' The Red Cedar '
In reality the world needed another Olivia Benson and I believed I would be just that. However I wanted a challenge so I decided to be Imani
Horne the Criminal Attorney. After years of watching intense show downs in the courtroom I thought I'd found my calling. I was selected for an
internship with Samuel Terry. While attending several murder cases it took one family court case to drive me away from being a Criminal
Attorney. I can still imagine the uttering cries of the mother and her children. There I found my calling, adolescents! Throughout high school my
passion were the greats, Shakespeare, Poe, Hemingway, Dickens, Twain, and the list goes on. In particular Shakespeare picked my brain constantly.
His works have survived and remain triumphant even today. Though teachings were shallow I still remained engulfed by his works. Which lead me
to dive into English on the banks of the Red Cedar. My plan was to begin with the foundations of my literary study to sharpen my skills. This meant
the introduction of how we read and what to look for also known as "close reading." The Introduction to Reading Poetry with Mr.Pogue equipped me
to understand the poets hidden persona and how to make sense of it. As this was a challenging course I believed I still wanted to embark on this
journey. The Foundations of Literary study with Mrs.Barksdale–Shaw molded me to decipher all types of works. Literary works ranged from poems,
music lyrics, and even plays. By the time I completed the

The History of Art, Literature, Music and Philosophy Essay
The History of Art, Literature, Music and Philosophy
Question:
Examine Steenwyck's Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life, 1621, (Illustration Book, Colour Plate 10)
Write an account of this painting, paying attention to the organisation of the pictorial space and how the artist has created a three–dimensional effect
through the use of perspective and modelling. Consider, also, how tone, colour, lighting and brushwork are used to portray the objects in the picture.
In the painting, An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life, the artist has created a three
–dimensional effect through the use of perspective and
modeling. He uses different colours, a wide tonal range, lighting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The vessel is matte, whereas the shell is shiny. The artist is able to use tone and lighting to achieve this. The artist uses tone to show that it is lighter
where the light shines. This creates a three–dimensional effect. In addition, the brushwork of the artist is very fine and it makes the objects seem real.
The artist makes use of perspective, tone, colour, lighting and brushwork to create the three–dimensional effect of the picture.
Part 2 Literature
Read the sonnet by Anna Seward (1742 – 1809), "Sonnet. December Morning (Resource book 1, A27). Write a continuous analysis of the poem, using
the questions below as the focus for your answer)
Questions
1. Explain, using your own words as far as possible, lines 1 to 9, up to the word 'given'.
2. Elaborate what the main purpose of the sestet is, using specific textual references to support your answer.

3. Comment on the importance of the rhyme pattern throughout the sonnet.
4. To what extent has the port conveyed her message successfully? (Here you may want to consider the original purpose of the sonnet as a poetic form).
"Sonnet. December Morning" is written by Anna Seward. In this analysis, I will comment on the purpose of the sestet, rhyme pattern and message that
the poet wants to convey.
This sonnet of fourteen lines is divided into the octave, which stretches to line 9, and the sestet, which

The Role Of Hester Prynne In The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter stood out as a revolutionary work of writing when it was first published in 1850, mainly because of Nathaniel Hawthorne's radical
main character Hester Prynne. The novel's influence and Hawthorne's legacy can still clearly be seen in its use in schools today, as well as its lasting
popularity with readers. As the novel has persisted throughout literary history, its themes, symbolism, and characters have been examined under many
different lenses. It is arguable in our present day circumstances that Hester and her role in the novel still represent and uphold the innate feeling of what
is known today as feminism.
One of the lenses that The Scarlet Letter has fallen under throughout the years is feminist literary criticism. The definition of feminism given today
states that it is the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes, however, this is a broad definition that does not necessarily
encompass the feelings of this movement, feelings which can be found in the character of Hester Prynne. Feminist literary criticism is defined as the
literary analysis that arises from the viewpoint of feminism, feminist theory, and feminist politics. (Napikoski and Lewis, ThoughtCo.). While basic
feminist literary criticism falls under the categories of identifying with female characters and reevaluating literature and the world in which literature is
read, it can mean determining a literary work's influence on feminism or vice versa, the influence

The Universal Truths on the Epic of Gilgamesh and the...
Christopher Gilchrist
Professor Ms. Alyse W. Jones
World Literature I – English 2111
October 7, 2012
The Universal Truths on 'The Epic of Gilgamesh & The Hebrew Bible'
The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible are considered by their audiences' as two of the greatest literary works of ancient literature. The
universal truths on The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible, are most fundamental when viewed from both the contemporary and traditional
audiences. Fundamentally, both audiences develop their own universal truths during the time in which the events transpired or by reading the scenic
events from an anthology or other literary works.
Most importantly, both literary works have sought the attention of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in The Epic of Gilgamesh, "A snake caught the scent of the plant, Stealthily it came up and carried the plant away, On its way back it
shed its skin......etc.......For myself I have obtained no benefit, I have done a good deed for a reptile (Sec. 11, 307 – 317)." This excerpt conveys to its
audience Gilgamesh's thought process at the pinnacle of the story. We, as the audience, now realize that Gilgamesh has finally accepted that death is
inevitable. The inevitability of death also played a major role in The Hebrew Bible. For example, "And the woman said, 'The serpent beguiled me and
I ate, etc.......And to the human He said, for dust you are and to dust shall you return' (Genesis – Sec. 3, pg. 160 – 161)." As a result of mankind's
disobedience to God's authority, the human population was cursed with the inevitability of death for all generations.
There will always be philosophical interpretations that will create universal truths for many generations to come. In addition, these literary works
enriches the audiences' understanding of these texts as supremely important cultural and historical documents, for audiences who embrace their
universal truths. Both generational audiences' spiritual interpretations seemed to have, collectively, developed a text of extraordinary literary works
that are overflowing with philosophical and truth–seeking richness.
Work Cited
"The Epic of Gilgamesh." The Norton Anthology World

Free Crucible Essays: The Relationship Between History And...
The relationship between History and Literature is based on events from years ago that people can relate to what happens in the present. The crucible
is based on the salem witch trials during the 17th and 18th century those years being from 1600 to 1750. But it was written during the 20th century.
The red scare (worried about russian spies) during the 1960's with mccarthyism, The Red Scare used the crucible. During the romantic period Irving
used satire in The Devil and Tom Walker to show greed can corrupt anyone and push them over the edge. In the crucible it is explained the beginning,
middle, and, end of the salem witch trials, which was started by a group of girls lying about just simply dancing and said that they were trying to conjure

Barbara Welter's View Of American Culture
There are several approaches in analyzing American life, past or present. Research is the way to find what America thought its culture should be.
American studies scholars took several theories to articulate their own research in the field. Historians looking back at the country's history found
oppression and misrepresentations of a culture that was ever evolving. There were beliefs that the old customs should stay alive. In addition, history
provided a view of America that wasn't all that ideal. As different as each historian's research was, the mode by which they studied America was also
different. Those vehicles of examination were as basic as the writings of the period of entertainment that enthralled a society. Barbara Welter used
...
Her inquiries addressed the omission of great female writers from the criterion of exceptional literature. Her mode was via undermining the logic in
literary critics or the method of deconstruction. Baym employed three justifications in her theory: simple bias, gender, and "gender–related restrictions"
(Baym 217). Baym's premises is that the literary critic, "has chosen his authors on the basis of their conformity to his idea of what is truly American"
(Baym 218). The critics are already bias to the writer due to their version of culture and events that matter in American society. Within the writings of
Lionel Trilling, who criticized even Vernon Parrington of not having a true testimony of what America culture is, to F.O. Matthiessen who doted on
writers that had a "devotion to the possibilities of democracy" (qtd Baym 218), females writers did not have a sense of the true American experience.
Women's literature were melodramas that only has to do with daily life and per Baym, "the matter of American experience is inherently male" (Baym
222). Additionally, women could hardly speak of the country's ideals when it was men that were the one's that were molding this society. Of course
women's literature was unlike their male counterparts, they were speaking from their own understanding. Even in books like The

Hindi Dalit Literature
Hindi Dalit literature's moment has arrived. After years of obscurity and unflattering comparisons to the maturity and expressiveness of Dalit literature
in languages such as Marathi and Tamil, creative Dalit writing in Hindi is finally reaching a more visible level of popular recognition. Hindi Dalit
novels, autobiographies, short–story and poetry anthologies, as well as volumes of literary criticism, are today being regularly published by Delhi's
top Hindi–language publishing houses, Rajkamal and Radhakrishna Prakashan. Dalit writers infuse the pages of Delhi's top Hindi literary magazines,
such as Hans and Katha Desh, with their poetry, prose and political perspectives. And in January, for the first time, a Dalit writer working in... Show
Yet the truth is that magazines such as Hans have been increasingly publishing Dalit literature as a matter of course. The publication of the 2004
special issue proved to be one of several rallying moments around the same time for this large and diverse community of writers, activists and
intellectuals; as well as a popular legitimisation of sorts of the hard work this community had been doing for years to carve out a space in the world
of Indian literature to articulate the experiential and political perspectives of Dalits. The 'mainstreaming' impact of this kind of publication could be
seen when, five years later, in August 2009, Navaria again edited the annual special issue ofHans – this one not specifically focused on Dalit writing
but rather on new voices in Hindi literature, of which Dalits are a part. But 2004 also provided a very public moment of dissent within the Dalit writing
community, which highlighted the fissures and crystallised many of the debates over notions of political and literary authenticity. On 31 July of that
year, members of the Delhi–based Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi (Indian Dalit Literary Academy, or BDSA) burned copies of iconic nationalist
–era
Hindi author 'Munshi' Premchand's celebrated novel Rangbhumi in a park in the heart of New Delhi. The raucous gathering

Literature Review : History Of The Swamp Boat
Literature Review:
History of the swamp boat:
The first swamp boat, also known as an airboat or fanboat was built in 1905 in Canada by a team led by Alexander Graham Bell. The classic design
of a swamp boat consists of a flat bottomed hull powered by an aircraft or car engine driving an aircraft propeller. They are a popular means for fishing,
hunting and touring the environment in the southern states of America.
Hull Design:
The classic swamp boat design utilizes a flat bottom hull with an inclined front section which will allow the boat to move in shallow waters such as
the swamps in Florida however the boat may also traverse rivers, ice and even land.
The thickness of the hull will be determined by factors such as the terrain the boat is expected to cover, the total weight of passengers, cargo and
game, and the total size of the boat.
For the construction of the hull 2 materials were identified as possible choices namely FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) and Alumunium Alloy. The
advantages and disadvantages of each material will be investigated from the perspective of strength, durability, weight, maintenance and repair and cost.
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic:
FRP is a composite material offering high strength properties, a high strength to weight ratio and a resistance to corrosion which make it an appealing
choice when constructing a boat hull. FRP can also be molded into any shape desired. A hull constructed from FRP could be strong and light in weight
which

Anatomy of Criticism Essay example
Anatomy of Criticism Introduction
In his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye offers a complex theory that aspires to describe a unifying system for literary criticism. It can be argued,
however, that in attempting to delineate such an all–inclusive structure, Frye's system eliminates identity in literature. The present essay takes up this
argument and offers examples of how identity is precluded by Frye's system as outlined in Anatomy of Criticism. Structure Vs. Identity
In Frye's system, the organizing principles that give literature coherence and structure are derived from the myths of ancient Greece and the archetypal
imagery found in the Bible. In his Third Essay, Frye suggests that all literature is based on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frye completely ignores literature that is outside the Western classics; contemporary literature and literature from the Oriental traditions, for example,
remains outside Frye's scheme, and he makes no margin whatsoever for including such writings in his theory. This rigid, inflexible system doesn't
allow for literature other than works abstracted from Frye's narrow aggregation of central myths, and the identity of both the writer and any individual
work of literature is lost in Frye's structure. The Identity of the Reader
In addition to excluding the identity of the writer and of works of literature, Frye's literary schema also ignores the identity of the reader. In his
Polemical Introduction to the Anatomy of Criticism, Frye argues that "[literature] is a disinterested use of words: it does not address a reader
directly" (p4). It is only criticism, he says, that can speak. We must dispute this, however, for surely the writer means for his or her work to converse
with the reader in some manner. Frye would remove the reader from the experiencing of literature, but this is impossible, for there is a constant
dialogue between a literary work and one's individual experience of that work. Frye himself would seem to admit this: "The reading of literature
should...step out of the talking world of criticism into the private and

What Is Ecocriticism?
"Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender–conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes
of production and economic class to its reading texts, ecocriticism takes an earth–centered approach to literary studies." Cheryll Glotfelty (xviii)
Man is a part of this earth as the plants and animals are. Man is considered to be the only literary creature on the earth and here the superiority of human
minds arise and forget that he is the only part of this physical surrounding. It has no doubt that we, Human Beings, depend on Nature for our survival.
The human culture directly or indirectly connected to the physical world. This intimate relationship between human and non–human worlds has ... Show
Cheryll Glotfelty, one of the forerunners of Ecocriticism defines Ecocriticism as, "the study of the relationship between literature and the physical
environment" (xviii). According to Glotfelty, William Ruckert introduces the term Ecocriticism in his essay Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in
Ecocriticism in 1978, where he means by the term "the application of ecology and ecological concepts to the study of literature"(xx). After this, lots of
other terms like ecopoetics, environmental literary criticism and green cultural studies were circulating in the literary world. Ecocriticism means how
nature is presented in literature. Cheryll Glotfelty states for ecocriticism, "As a critical stance, it has one foot in literature and the other on land; as
theoretical discourse, it negotiates between human and the non–human."(xix). Ecocriticism is a swiftly mounting area of research which shelters wide
range of texts and theories and studies the relationship between man and nature. In the literary texts, through the nature imagery, man–woman
relationship, culture, tourism, gender construct etc. the issues of environment has been studied which have wider meanings than what is actually
exhibited in their literal expressions. William Howarth observes in Some Principles of Ecocriticism, "Since ecology studies the relations between
species and habitats, ecocriticism must see its complicity in what it

History of America Mirrored in American Literature
The history of America is mirrored in American Literature. The American dream, the idea of equality and being able to achieve anything you wanted,
meant that millions of immigrants moved to America. America claims to be a country which enables everyone to have equality and freedom however
in the texts we can see it is rather a Capitalist and individualist country. The paradox of America can be seen through the fact that the Statue called
freedom was built by slaves. The inequality can also be seen through the experience of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln who was assassinated for
trying to abolish slavery. The reflection of America through texts such as 'The Great Gatsby', 'A Streetcar Named Desire' and the poems of Sylvia Plath
shows the tragic face of America, in which 'representatives of the upper class are engaged in acts of egotism, self–aggrandizement, and heartlessness.'
In these texts, the American Dream is different for each character as it varies from having money to being a perfect wife or mother. Underneath the
concept of the American dream lays America's reality of a harsh world which proves that not many can have the American Dream but rather their
dreams will turn into their nightmare as they live in a country based on Darwin's idea of 'Survival of the fittest'. These texts show that those who accept
what they have are able to achieve their dream however those who want everything and strive to have everything find that their dream turns into a
nightmare

Language And Literature Courses And Ap U.S. History

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