5. Example
A1
Is
C1
C2
Fig:Two views of the system
Is-Inductive
sensor
A1-Pneumatic Actuator
C1-Collector
C2-Collector
Gear
Box
motor-m
item
Os-Optical sensor
A0
A0
6. 1. When Os detects an item, it should be pushed by A0 and conveyor
should start moving
2. If the item is metal, it has to be identified by Is.
3. Metal items are to be pushed by A1 and collected in C1.
4. Non-metal items are to be collected at the end of the belt to C2
5. If an item is in process, even if Os detects an item, it should not be
pushed by A1 until the previous item is fully processed.
7. Start -No item Os=0
Os=1 A0 should be ejected provided no other item is in process
If the item is metal, it is sensed by Is.
If Is=1 item is metal, this should be remembered
If Is had been 1 it has to pushed by A1 after a time interval
If the item is not metal, it should not be pushed and collected at
the end. The time required to travel is also required.
16. Detail Design
Component Selection
Interfaces and Connections between sensors, instrum
Automating, controlling and communication requireme
(The main function)
Safety requirements and interrupts
Maintainability
Cost and productivity analysis Objective
17. Component Selection
Select sensors, signal conditioning,
motors, actuators
Selection of the controller
Note – The selection should match the
objectives of automation
18. Interfaces and
connections
The can be communicated via design
drawings.
1. Mechanical Flow diagram
2. ICM (Instrumentation, Control and
Monitoring ) flow diagram based on
mechanical flow diagram
3. Mechanical component diagram
4. Electrical component diagram
5. Electrical wiring diagram and wire cabinets
6. Communication network diagrams
19. Automating Controlling
The main requirement is documented.
Different approaches are used.
Written documents
UML (Unified modeling Language)
approach
20. Implementation of
automation system
Installation of systems
1. Mechanical
2. Electrical/Communications
3. Instruments
4. Wiring
Testing the system for basic working
conditions
Programming the controllers according to
the detail design requirements
22. Type of Controllers
Pneumatic controllers
Fixed Electronic controllers
Electro-mechanical relay types
PLC
Computer Control
Embedded Controllers
PAC
Integrated controllers
23. Fixed Controllers
1. Electronic controllers or cards
2. Electro-mechanical controllers
3. Pneumatic controllers
The above mentioned controllers cannot change the
controlling system without changing the hardware
of the control system
The other types, can program the controller using
software so that one can change the way it is controlled
without changing hardware
24. PLC- Programmable Logic Controllers
Small Level
Medium Level
Advanced Level
Programming Languages
1. Ladder
2. Functional Block diagrams
3. Statement Lists
4. Structured text
5. Sequential functional charts
25. Data bus
Address bus
Control bus
CPU
clock
Memory
Input/
Output
unit
Program
panel
Input
channels
Output
channels
Architecture of a Programmable Logic Controller
34. Computer Control
Use the computer as the main controller
Programming Languages
1. C, C++ or C#
2. Visual Basic
Programming port
1. Parallel port
2. Serial port
3. USB port
For serial port and USB port the other end should support such
requirements and protocols or such a system has to be designed
and interfaced with an embedded controller
