4. Slide Rule
• Slide Rule which was developed by
William Oughtred and others. Before the
advent of the pocket calculator, it was the
most commonly used calculation tool in
science and engineering.
12. Skinner Teaching Machine
• B.F. Skinner, a behavioral scientist, developed
a series of devices such as the teaching
machine that allowed a student to proceed at
his or her own pace through a regimented
program of instruction.
15. 1958- Educational Television
• Using this, there were more
than 50 channels of TV which
included educational
programming that aired across
the country.
19. 1963 Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
• Stanford University introduced
computer- assisted instruction
in mathematics and reading;
offering individualized learning
and allowing students to take
self-paced, active roles in drill-
and-practice.