Volkswagen Of Americ Business Process, Technology, And...

Volkswagen Of Americ Business Process, Technology, And...
VW of America 1. Define acronyms BPTO, DBC, ITSC, PMO, NRG and explain. Elon Musk could
not have worked at VW of America because of all the acronyms they use! VW of America (VWoA),
however, fully impressed the acronyms and created many. Here are some of the most important
ones:  BPTO = Business Process, Technology, and Organization. It was created by Matulovic
when he came to VWoA from VWAG. Which is a group that will help govern development
processes and help clarify what the projects aim to achieve. It hopes to turn the fire drills that are
occurring into proactive planning and execution.  DBC = Digital Business Council. This is a group
of representatives from eBusiness teams that will assess projects, what type of project it is, what ...
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That way it wouldn't be a battle each year to prove the importance of your project. Additionally,
another step in the right direction would be to have a second review process. For all the projects that
aren't approved in the initial process, there is a second review process. These business leaders can
supply additional details into why their project is important and how it will address a business goal.
From this second chance review, projects may or may not make the cut, but at least the business
leaders feel like they were given every opportunity to get their projects approved. A real risk is that a
smaller project doesn't get approved until it's critical for the company or something has happened
and it turns into a fire drill. These smaller projects may be hard to explain or hard to judge until it's a
critical state. I believe the criticisms are justified, but this is the first year the process has taken
place. There is going to be push back and the leaders at VWoA should have anticipated it. I think
providing more insight about the long term goals of the organization and how certain projects fit
into that strategy will help some of the critics. This new process is an improvement over the
previous process, but I don't think it's a finished process, but rather a step in the right direction. 3.
Who controls the budgets from which IT projects are funded at
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World War II, Germany, And The German Democratic Republic
After the World War II, Germany was divided into 4 powers, Britain, France, USA and Soviet
Russia, dividing the country into two parts, namely East and West Germany. The country was
reunited again in 1990, unifying the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German
Democratic Republic (GDR) (kellerbook). The reunification has led to political, economic and
social long–lasting changes in the country. Following the reunification, there has been an increase in
unemployment rate and severe economic crisis. Since the 1990s, the issue of the fall in the number
of union members and collective bargaining in Germany's employment relationship is not a new
matter (Addison et.al). This has been evidently observed, after the reunification of Western ... Show
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Before reunification, West Germany was experiencing economic growth with low inflation rates and
increase in wage rate. The unification allows for East to be reunited with West Germany causing
transfers of labour legislation, industrial relations to the east. The unemployment rate in the past 2
decades has been fluctuating and the highest unemployment rate since the reunification is at 11.2%
in 2005.
Kotthoff (1981, in frege1) states that codetermination and collective bargaining are two alternative
methods of institutionalizing collective conflict.
Since the 1990s, the rate of economic growth has been low and unemployemt, particulartly long–
term unemployment has remained high.
Collective Bargaining
On the collective bargaining side, 2 changes were observed; a steady increase in the number of
company agreements relative to sectoral agreements, especially in West Germany. Second,
decreased in the membership rate of employers' confederations. The decline in the coverage by
German industrial relations institutions as a whole has coincided with greater pressure towards
decentralization in collective bargaining. Regulated decentralization (via opening clauses, hardship
agreements, and company–specific agreements) where the parties have sought to pre–empt pressures
to decentralize collective bargaining by allowing for some differentiation while avoiding delegating
decision–making rights on wages to plant level and actual

Project Management : Application Of Knowledge, Skills And...
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The first chapter introduced the research problem that raised the question of whether project
management methodologies can be tailored down to Nigerian SMEs. This chapter presents the
academic literature pertinent tothe research, and places it in context of the research. The significance
of literature review is to show the summary of previous research works, which are related to a
researcher's present study. It also allows the researcher to compare its problem, methods, findings
and conclusions with the works of previous researcher. The main function of thischapter is to
establish a solid foundation of the existing literature (historical, conceptual and empirical), and to
investigate in line with the research objectives.
2.2 CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL LITERATURE
2.2.1 Concept of Project Management
Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK, 2007) defines project management as the
application of knowledge, skills and techniques to project activities to meet project requirement.
Peart (1974) also added that project management is also the work involved in the planning,
controlling, coordinating and completing a specific task or series of task.
According to Kerzner (2004), project management is the planning organizing directing, controlling
of company resources for a relatively short–term objective that has been established to complete
specific goals and objectives.
2.2.2 History of Project Management
While the procedure

Housing Crisis : A Case Study Of Affordable Housing Program
Housing Boom and Government Regulation in China
– A Case Study of Affordable Housing Program in Changzhou
The right to an adequate standard of living is recognized as a human right in international human
rights instruments. To make sure every citizen has a decent place to live is one of the basic goals for
every government. China 's rise to be crowned as the world 's second–largest economy today is the
latest milestone in a boom that has been running almost constantly since the country began the long
process of embracing free–market principles more than 30 years ago.
Housing Boom
In the past 10 years, China's residential real estate sector plays an important role in the economy and
has been a key driver of growth. At the same time, a $580–billion stimulus package in 2008 helped
China prevent a sharp slowdown in economic growth. This action has been considered timely and
effective by most observers. However, there also have been concerns that banks loosened their
lending standards too much as a result of the huge stimulus, among other factors. This led to
excessive lending to individual home purchasers and rapidly rising housing prices that, in turn, may
eventually lead to an increase in nonperforming loans at financial institutions should those prices
collapse.
Meanwhile, the real estate price in China is really high and unaffordable especially for people live in
cities.
Government Policy
The development of housing markets in mainland China is a relatively new

Relationship Between Chinese And American Financial Markets
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to outline the relationship between Chinese and American
financial markets. The paper will outline the levels of debt for chines, the major drivers of that debt,
and the future consequences of debt levels. The paper will also describe the the structure of Chinese
banking system; it will not describe the U.S structure simply because we had a whole semester
discussing that material. I believe this research is essential because of the sheer interconnectedness
of the global banking system; and the rise of China specifically has implications that should not go
misunderstood. The Rise of China The last forty years of development has weighed almost entirely
toward the successful implementation of Eastern Asia into Western Culture. It was not until the
1980's that China was able to fully transition from a closed economy to an open one. This
transfigured the economy by spurring ramped inflows of trade from countries looking to take
advantage of the large workforce and the low cost of manufacturing. In doing so, the Chinese
government was able to quadruple their GDP since the 1970's (Turner), and currently consumes 1/3
of the world's steel, coal, and iron. While staking claim as the world's next mono–super power,
China remains neutral to any super power conflict. Following Post WWI President Franklin D.
Roosevelt fought with former UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill on whether to include China in
the security council of the United

Accenture's Strategy And Analytical Capabilities
1. Hard to Duplicate – Accenture 's strategy and analytical capabilities is hard to duplicate by its
competitors. For example Accenture has launched the Accenture Insights platform, a cloud based,
end–to–end analytics solution designed to simplify analytics and deliver real time actionable
insights to businesses for a competitive advantage. Comprised of an integrated suite of leading
technologies, consumption–based commercial arrangements, and enterprise support, the platform is
a flexible Analytics–as–a–Service solution designed to help a range of business users, from the C–
suite to data scientists, make data–driven decisions that can solve business issues and create new
opportunities. The Accenture Insights Platform can increase an organization's speed to insight,
decision–making and business outcomes. The platform has a preconfigured, industrialized end–to–
end architecture that typically can be provisioned within 24 hours and generate initial actionable
analytics insights in weeks, as opposed to conventional approaches that can take months.
Centralized cloud management capabilities are provided via the Accenture Cloud Platform, a multi–
cloud management platform. 2. Uniqueness – There is no single path to follow to become an
analytic competitor, and the way every company uses analytics is unique to its strategy and market
position. Accenture 's use of analytics has always been unique to acquire the market position.
Accenture, in telecommunication industry uses bundle

Geo-Located Asset Management at UOS
Geo–Located Asset Management at UOS
Abstract With the development of the GIS technology inventories and tracking of items has been
made much easier than before. University of Sharjah has tapped into this advancement in
technology and employed GIS is security its property in general as well as using t to track the
movement of their non–fixed assets.
Purpose
The research uses a number of methodologies like assessing existing system of asset management at
UOS, interviewing fixed asset managers, carrying out literature review of GIS systems for asset
management, studying the possible methods of interfacing this data with database maintained as GIS
maps. Open–Source Quantum Geographical System software was finally used to draw GIS maps of
the UOS Women campus and UOS main building. GIS can be used be used in managing outdoor
infrastructures, natural resources, and assets like cables and piping system installations and vehicles.
In construction planning, GIS can be used by facilities and property managers to prevent costly
construction delays by knowing the location of utility lines, where environmental clearances or
special permits are required, and other projects being facilitated in such locations. With GIS,
maintenance staff and ground keepers can work efficiently with an access to an informed
operational picture.
Literature Review Asset management has much to do with putting in place systems that monitor and
maintain things that an organization deems

Analysis on the Shift of Business Strategy for Ge Into the...
Question 1: In what ways has Jeff Immelt redirected the strategy of GE?
In 2001, shortly after Jeff Immelt became the CEO of GE, a series of events changed and impacted
the corporate landscape. The immediate challenges that he faced included 9/11, and a subsequent
series of high profile corporate scandals (Enron, WorldCom). In 2008, the financial crisis hit and
had a severe impact on GE's primary growth source, GE Capital causing it to accumulate bad debts
and asset write–downs. These events caused slow domestic economic growth, crisis of confidence
among investors and more global competitors.
Due to the change in environment and the need to adapt Immelt shifted the focus of GE from cost
cutting and deal making to new products, services ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the heart of Immelt's growth strategy for General Electric's was the development of new Growth
Platforms, which could be either extensions of the existing businesses or entire new commercial
areas. Even though Immelts core focus was on organic growth, repositioning to take advantage of
the emerging market trends and opportunities would require acquisition. Then once a new Growth
Platform was identified, GE would build a leading position in those sectors through small strategic
acquisitions and the deployment of its financial, technical and managerial resources.
GE was entering a new generational era, one where technology is at the forefront of growth and
adaptation. Immelt identified Technology as one of GE's major drivers for future growth which was
signaled by his expansion of GE's R&D budgets. He shifted the importance of Technology within
GE by focusing on the R&D projects that offered large scale market potential, reffered to as
"Imagination breakthroughs".
Within this new business environment that GE was facing, customers needs, wants and expectations
of what products can offer them is forever changing. Immelt saw and understood this from the
amount of time spent with customers, and implemented this idea within GE through the IT

New Australi New Zealand
New Zealand New Zealand is an independent state in the South Pacific, made up of two main
islands and numerous smaller ones. It 's indigenous name is Aotearoa. It has a population of around
4 million, NZ has a rich cultural. New Zealand also has one of the most advanced
telecommunications networks in the world, one of the largest number of internet users per head of
population in the world, and one of the highest number of television channels per person then in the
population in the world. As of 2014 the Infant mortality rate is 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births, the men
rate is 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births, while female is 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births. The current life
expectancy in New Zealand is males live till 78 ,and females 82.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over half of New Zealanders identify themselves as being Christian. The main Christian
denominations include Anglican, Catholic and Presbyterian. In recent years, there has been a
significant increase in people whose religion is non–Christian.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. The queen of
nz is queen Elizabeth II ,and the governor is Sr. Jerry Mateparae. New Zealand also uses the system
of 'responsible government'; the government can only stay in power while it has a majority of
members in the House of Representatives. New Zealand has no official involvement in the Spanish
civil war and few people from this court took apart of, two New Zealanders were in Madrid on
November 8 1936.When an international anti–fascist volunteers marched into the city to bolster the
republican government defenses against General Franco rebel armies. In the war against fascism that
would eventually claim the lives of nearly 12,000 New Zealanders, the war was more than internal
conflict.
The government is calling for submissions on whether they should set up a new Land Wars Day, to
remember those 3500 or so people, Māori and Pākehā, who tragically died during the conflicts. The
first, and most important, crack appeared during the movement's first official National Council in
July 1933. After confirming that it would not adopt by any formal policy until it was vetted by every
Centre,

How Has Policy for Social Rented Housing Developed Since...
9. How has policy for social rented housing developed since 1979?
10. Discuss the intentions and impact of policies for home ownership since 1979.
11: HOUSING
Up to the 1970s housing policy was an integral part of the classic welfare state
With the triumph of private homeownership, government housing policy has all but disappeared,
broken up into a series of separate measures concerned with
 privatisation
 'affordability' (rents, mortgages and house prices)
 regeneration (raising quality)
 homelessness
Governments in 70s got complacent about housing needs because of
popularity of home ownership
success in clearing slums and
achieving social minimum standards for the majority
But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such arguments began to take greater precedence over ideological commitment to home ownership,
despite Thatcher 's tenacious personal commitment.
90s/00s
homeownership crisis in early 90s and late 00s with repossessions, arrears and negative equity
by 1995 Conservative government talking about 'sustainable home ownership'
mortgage tax relief slowly phased out by late 1990s
withdrawal of most of Income Support for Mortgage Interest (ISMI) in early 1990s

exemption from capital gains tax worth about £13 billion in 2007
see Lloyd (2009) Figure 5
Housing 'Starts' In England 1975 1998 2006 ch 125,957 98 288 ha 18,768 16,895 17,498 oo 129,777
131,887 160,118
Social Rented Housing
Most significant measures behind the decline of social rented housing were/are:
council house sales in England: cumulative total 1980 to 2009: 2.1million
Almost half a million 'right to buy sales' since the start of 1997.
Receipts from council house sales since 1980 totalled £38 billion by April 2006
virtual ending of investment in new council house building
1988–2007: 920,000 council homes transferred to housing associations
policy of sharply rising rents for social rented housing to introduce quasi–market
Social groups most adversely affected by decline of council housing are/were most dependent on it:
single women
divorced/separated women

Capitalism Continues to Flourish
This paper discusses the idea that capitalism is not dead but it continues to flourish. Capitalism is a
market approach wherein the government allows the penetration of foreign companies to acquire
certain public companies to assure the economic growth of the country. Thus, the capital structure is
defined as the proportion between equity and debts of a company as a whole. The structures of a
business are dependent on the different economy status of a country. Thus when economy is in good
condition, expect capital structure to be smooth flowing and that debts is low as there is increased in
profits for the business with the good economic standing of the country. Mitt Romney endorses
private equities which is favorable for economic and also governmental development because flow
of wealth will be easier. Developed countries of the world like the United States and Japan are
pushing countries of the developing world towards the adoption of policies related to the
liberalization of foreign investment and trade and robust laws regarding a competent capital
structure as a whole. Policies of the government in terms of economic liberalization affect the
capital structure of a business in the end. It is valuable to note however that these developed
countries have avoided polices mentioned at the time when they are rapidly developing. As such, the
drive towards the achievement of economic liberalization depends on the argument that the optimal
way of raising the living standards

Cisco Systems Inc
Cisco Systems Inc. INDIVIDUAL PROJECT REPORT Date Submitted November, 20, 2013 Table
of Contents SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS 0 Products and Services Offeered 0
Global Markets Currently Served 0 Corporate Structure and Leadership Resources and Competitive
Position 0 COMPANY'S EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 0 Competitors in Top Five Countries
Served 0 Marktst For Company and Rivals 0 Key Success Factors for Their Market 0 COMPANY'S
COMPETITIVE POSITION 0 Competitive Position in Top Fice Countries 0 Basis for Current
Competitive Position 0 Potential for Growth and Expansion 0 EXHIBITS 0 Information Sources
Additional information Other Summary Description of Business Products and Services Offered ...
Enterprise is led by Padmasree Warrior and Paul Mountford, senior vice president/CTO and senior
vice president, sales, respectively. Emerging countries is led by Wim Elfrink, chief globalization
officer and Edzard Overbeek, president, Cisco Asia Pacific and Japan. Cisco's Worldwide Field
Operations organization is organized into three regions: the Americas (including U.S., Canada and
Latin America); Europe, the Middle East and Africa; and Asia Pacific/Japan/Greater China. The
business is managed by geographic regions, but there are dedicated teams for large enterprises,
public sectors, commercial, small businesses, service providers and Cisco partners. Rob Lloyd,
executive vice president, leads the Worldwide Field Operations. Resources and Competitive Position
At Cisco customers come first and an integral part of their DNA is creating long–lasting customer
partnerships and working with them to identify their needs and provide solutions that support their
success. Cisco has shaped the future of the Internet by creating unprecedented value and opportunity
for their customers, employees, investors and ecosystem partners and has become the worldwide
leader in networking – transforming how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Some of
Cisco's tools and resources include the support case manager, Cisco feature navigator, error message
decoder, output interpreter, command lookup tool, bug search tool, and

Summary: United Service Automobile Association
United Service Automobile Association: Employee Retention Factors Helen Rae Reynolds MGMT
5306_VC02 Leadership & Management Development Wayland Baptist University Spring 2017
Class 1. Choose any topic from the text, encompass the topic in a real world situation such as an
industry. 2. APA style. Abstract not required. 3. 8–10 pages of content, not including references page
4. Provide a combination of theory and practice; i.e., a theory from the text and then follow–up with
your thoughts and ideas; or vice versa. 5. Utilize a minimum of two different scholarly references.
This is an INDIVIDUAL assignment. Background United Services Automobile Association was
established in 1922 by 25 military Officers to ensure military Service ... Show more content on
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Individual structure would be broken down by the smaller teams that make up one of the functional
areas of the company. For example, under the property and casualty division, there directors that
have smaller teams that consist of one manager and approximately thirteen employees. The directors
in each functional area can range from three to five. The managers on said teams then report to the
director and the director then reports to the functional director and so on in the chain, where the info
is rolled up and eventually reported to the CEO, in this case Stuart Parker. USAA prides itself on
fulfilling the USAA mission for its members. Stuart Parker is open with the members and shares the
company's financial snapshot every year through the annual report. The report shares with the
membership, what appears to be, the true numbers (income/expenses) of the organization and then
continues to share the financial measures and what goals the company is going to use based on the
numbers (USAA: 2015 Report to Members, 2015). As with any organization, there are standards
that are in place for employees. Although there isn't anything official that could be found on the
internal running of the company, the Third Party Worker Handbook was available on the

Information Systems Risk Management
University Of Phoenix
CMGT/441 – INFORMATION SYSTEMS RISK MANAGEMENT
Week–4 assignment
Wonyie V. Zarwee
November 29, 2010
While it lessens the burden on organizations, reducing and shifting the cost and risk of its IT
operation, security and management issues to an external service provider or vendor, outsourcing
any portions of an organization's Information System has significant risks that can sometimes
become detrimental to the outsourced organization. According to the Commission on Government
Outsourcing, "when outsourcing an organization exposes itself to significant risks in terms of
security, accuracy, and completeness of information (Holroyd City Council, 2008)". Comprised in
the rest of this document is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The theft or sharing of information could be intentional or unintentional. In any of these case, even
if the outsourcing service provider keeps the outsourced information available, unchanged and
accessible to the owners at all times, there are still risks of possible data confidentiality issues.
The use of an enterprise service provider for processing information systems applications such as
payroll, human resources, or sales order taking is another excellent way for organizations to
minimize cost while still experience the full benefit of an IT system. It is worth noting that while
this is very cost effective and significantly reduces the load on an organization, outsourcing an
organization's IT applications to an enterprise service provider for processing is a risky path to
thread. Information privacy and integrity are at a very great risk here. An enterprise service provider
or employers of the provider are capable of selling out the customers, employees and sales
information of one organization to another. Employees of the Service providers could also include
their name (create false employees) among the names of legitimate employees of the outsourced
organization and masquerade as one of the real employees and receive pay every pay period. These
and other privacy and integrity concern must be taken into serious consideration by organization
outsourcing interested in outsourcing to an enterprise service

Swot Analysis Of Kabu Coffee Shop
Kabu coffee shop is to provide a friendly atmosphere where customers will get the quality of food,
drink and service at a reasonable price. Our coffee shop will offer a variety of options to customers.
Kabu coffee shop is for customers prepare the best coffee in the area to be complimented with
serves breakfast, deli–style sandwiches with fresh ingredients, muffins, croissants, cinnamon rolls,
coffee cakes and other delicious that customers can enjoy their visit coffee shop will be open from
06. : 00 to 04:00 Monday to Saturday.
Vision
To provide customers with the best experience with our coffee.
Missions
Our brand will become a national brand and be recognized as part of the service, the market share
industry
Objective
Daring And unofficial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis examines the strengths and weaknesses of coffee shops that
need to be resolved. In addition, this section will examine the opportunities presented to the coffee
shop as well as a potential threat.
 Strengths
Based on a smaller scale than the fact that it is not a franchise coffee shop Kobu is a concept that is
unique to the coffee shop Kabu, a local coffee place to dream, trying to escape the stress of life.daily
and just a comfortable place and read a book.
 Weakness The franchise is the easiest and often the safest pipeline will start café; Cafe is not
supported by one of these agencies were established cafe Kabu with minimal budgets and are
competing with a large cafe and more acceptable for market share.
 Opportunities
Introduce coffee to health, which is different from others in this area, and the service is excellent
cafe Kabu for the best coffee in the area will be watching with a tie ups with other companies for
promotional purposes.
 Threat
Competition from other sources of the singles event. The economic slowdown will reduce costs in
the

Cineworld Mergers
Abstract A merger is defined as the act of uniting two companies existing separately into one new
company. Mergers re most common among companies that wish to increase their market share,
expand their reach, or even tap into new market segments. This report focuses on the merger that
took place between Cineworld Group and City Screen Limited. The report includes an investigation
that is carried out by the competition commission aimed at determining whether the merger situation
created by the two parties qualified to be relevant or not. It also seeks to investigate the effects of the
transaction on the competition in the market. Introduction Cineworld Group plc (Cineworld) is one
of the largest operators of cinemas in the United Kingdom. The ... Show more content on
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Instead, the services offered by both parties tend to overlap. The competition commission also
carried out an investigation on the effects the merger had on competition. According to the
commission, in areas where both parties had cinemas, the elimination of one competitor would give
room to increase prices or reduction in the quality of service. Expansion plans by any individual
party would also be affected s a result of the current common ownership of both the business and the
competitor. Also, the merger gave the newly formed company the power to offer programming
services, which it could use to distort the completion. The competition commission also carried out
further investigation so as to determine any evidence that would relate to the above theories. The
commission focused on local areas in the country where both parties had cinemas. Analytical tools
were used to determine the competition that existed between the two parties before the merger, and
also, the competition from other film exhibition service providers. The commission also aimed at
finding out whether the timely entry of a new competitor would have any effect on the market.
Findings showed that the merger between Cineworld and City Screen would result in a substantial
lessening of competition (SLC) in the

How Did Cornelius Vanderbilt Influence The Automobile...
Another influential monopolistic industrialist was Cornelius Vanderbilt. By the 1850's he had built
up the New York Central System. He also went on creating one of the largest steamboat fleets in the
United States. In order to have created the New York Central he had bought three smaller railroads
which expanded from New York City all the way to Buffalo. Ultimately, he expanded all the way
Chicago in less than four years into the business. In addition to running one of the largest railroad
systems, he also became the first to use different techniques in the rail system. One of the most
useful technological advances during this time period was the invention of the Westinghouse Air
Brakes, which allowed trains to run at higher speeds and especially faster and more reliable brake
system (De Santis 9). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The strategies he used with the advancement of these tools at the time weren't illegal, the only thing
he did do was to purchase smaller lines which led to the expansion of his railroad company. This in
no way unethical moves of a business it was just an innovative way of using technology at that time.
He was known to be such a good competitor; he had two weapons which were superior service and
cheap rates (Flynn 183). Vanderbilt was a success in the Hudson but he sought more investment into
the railroad industry. Vanderbilt did everything in his power to be the top gun of the railroad
industry, that he even bribed the Council called the Forty Thieves, the legislature known as the
Black horse Cavalry (Flynn 192). Vanderbilt essentially had it all. He began making better stations
with new equipment and sleeping cars for his enterprise as well as cutting cost for consumers (Flynn

Data Analysis And Interpretation On The Cross Sector...
[Type the document title] [Type the document subtitle] [Pick the date] [Type the company name] pc
Table of Contents 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Background to Study 3 1.2 Purpose of the
Research 4 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 5 1.4 Research Questions 5 1.5 Research Hypothesis
5 2 Chapter 2: Data Analysis and Interpretation 6 2.1 Quantitative Analysis 6 2.1.1 Shareholders'
Collaboration 6 2.1.2 Barriers to Shareholders' Collaboration 8 2.1.3 Supply Chain collaboration 11
2.2 Comparison with Amendments made in Companies Act of India 24 2.3 Special Focus on
Collaboration among Construction Companies 25 2.4 Qualitative Analysis 27 3 Conclusion and
Recommendations 30 3.1 Objective Linking 30 3.2 Recommendations 31 3.3 Scope of Future
Research 32 4 Bibliography 33 4.1 Books and Journals 33 4.2 Web Sources 35 1 Chapter 1:
Introduction There has been an astronomical rise in the cross–sector partnerships between corporate
and non–corporate entities for achieving profit and non–profit objectives in UK alone in the past
decade alone. These corporate entities are showing more interest in collaborations with social
enterprises for working towards initiating a transformative change for a more equitable society
whilst at the same time meeting financial objectives. These established corporate bodies help the
social enterprises to broaden their reach, deepen their impact and extend their growth. To sustain the
big businesses playing an important a role in improving society,

Mike Fitzpatrick Research Paper
Mike Fitzpatrick, born on June 28, 1963 in Bucks County, PA, has been leading a successful life
ever since his high school graduation. With an academic scholarship in tow, Fitzpatrick graduated
from Bishop Egan High School, now Conwell–Egan Catholic High School, and headed for the
sunny state of Florida to attend college there. After receiving his bachelor's degree, he returned to
Pennsylvania to attend law school at Penn State's Dickinson School of Law. During his time in law
school, Mike demonstrated his leadership abilities by acting as the Business Manager of the
Dickinson Journal of International Law.
Somehow, Fitzpatrick balances being a successful Representative and a family man. He's been
married to his wife, Kathleen, for 24 years. Together they have six children: three boys and three
girls, along with one grandchild. Along with being a family man, Mike has remained active in the
Eagle Scouts since his childhood, and because of this Boy Scouts of America has honored him with
the Silver Beaver Award in recognition of his service to Scouting. In the past he even served as
president of the Bucks County Council of Boy Scouts of America. ... Show more content on
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During this position, which lasted from 1995–2004, he worked in areas such as county social service
programs, job creation and efficient government administration. His passionate fight for the
preservation of farms, parks and critical natural areas earned him recognition from Greenspace
Alliance of Southeastern PA, which promotes and advocates preservation and enhancement of
recreational, natural, and agricultural open spaces to preserve the quality of life. Fitzpatrick also led
the fight to establish Buck County's first Enterprise Zone, which ultimately led to the creation of
over 4,000 private sector

UTSA Personal Statement
Coming into college, I was very eager to take advantage of the opportunities presented to me. I
remember in high school thinking how wonderful it would be to pick my own classes, join
organizations that aren't just existent to put on one's resume, and learn from instructors who have
more knowledge of and experience in the area I'm studying. The idea of being able to study
economics particularly economic development/policy, gave me goosebumps each night. By studying
economics more in depth, I will be able to apply my learnings to the real world and work in the
public and private sector to improve the quality of lives for individuals and families in the world's
poorest communities. At the University of Texas at San Antonio, I've come across organizations,
people, and instructors that have assisted me in getting to where I need to be. One of my professors,
Margaret Moore, taught an upper level Global Health class and reinforced what I learned through
the Aga Khan Foundation as a youth ambassador. The class sparked my interest in healthcare and
paved way for the possibility of integrating health with my passion for social entrepreneurship. I
plan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UTSA doesn't offer too many social entrepreneurship, social impact, or sustainable & economic
development courses or programs. I'm seeking to be at a school that offers me a chance to really
dive into these topics more. Additionally, at UTSA, I've been overwhelmed with the large student
body. Being one of 28,000 plus hasn't allowed me to find my fit and made me feel as if there isn't
too much of an impact I can make on the school. By being at a smaller, research–heavy Tier–1
institution, I can engage in service inside and outside the school, connect with the student body, and
make an impact on my school and larger

The World 's Leading Consumer Company For Automotive...
BACKGROUND
Vision Statement "To become the world 's leading Consumer Company for automotive products and
services. (Homepage, 2015)"
Mission Statement "One Team. People working together as a lean, global enterprise for automotive
leadership, as measured by:
Customer, Employee, Dealer, Investor, Supplier, Union/Council, and Community Satisfaction One
Plan.
Aggressively restructure to operate profitably at the current demand and changing model mix;
Accelerate development of new products our customers want and value;
Finance our plan and improve our balance sheet;
Work together effectively as one team.
One Goal. An exciting viable Ford delivering profitable growth for all. (Homepage, 2015)"
Component 1
Customers 2
Products 3
Market 5
Profitability 7
Self–
Concept 8
Public
Image 9
Employees
Company Present Present Present Present Present Present Present
History/Timeline
1901: Henry Ford defeats the top racecar driver of the era. Ford designed the 26 horsepower
sweepstakes and defeated Alexander Winton. The victory lead to Henry Ford's second short–lived
attempt, The Henry Ford Company.
1903: The Ford Motor Company is incorporated with 12 investors and 1,000 shares. Ford Motor
Company had turned a profit of $37,000.
1904: Ford Motor Company of Canada is founded in Walkersville, Ontario.
1907: Ford introduces the scripted typeface of its trademark designed by Childe Harold Wills.

1908: Ford introduces the Model T.
1913: Ford introduces the integrated

Essay on Solving HealthCare’s eMail Security Problem
Solving HealthCare's eMail Security Problem
Abstract
While healthcare organizations have come to depend heavily on electronic mail, they do so without
a significant email security infrastructure. New Federal law and regulation place new obligations on
the organizations to either secure their email systems or drastically restrict their use. This paper
discusses email security in a healthcare context. The paper considers and recommends solutions to
the healthcare organization's problem in securing its mail. Because email encryption will soon be a
categorical requirement for healthcare organizations, email encryption is discussed in some detail.
The paper describes details and benefits of domain level encryption model and considers how PKI ...
Although these security standards have not yet been finalized, in August of 1998, HHS did publish
in 45 CFR Part 142 a proposal for that Security Standard. That Notice of
Proposed Rule Making did include a number of specific security implementation features.
Particularly relevant to email use is a specification for encryption of health information
communicated over any network for which the transmitter cannot control access (45 CFR Part
142.308[d][1][ii]). This restriction clearly is intended to apply to the healthcare organization's
Internet bound electronic mail.
This paper broadly outlines steps that healthcare organizations can take to ensure the security of
their electronic mail use. A substantial portion of this activity has a "Security
101' aspect to it. Healthcare organizations are generally exposed to the same Internet borne threats
as any other type organization. As a result, healthcare organizations do well to follow the general
recommendations for email security provided in documents such as NIST's "Guidelines for
Electronic Mail Security". Healthcare organizations do have business imperatives and legal
obligations, however, that may encumber routine application of email security best practice.
Therefore, this paper will provide a healthcare industry context to its discussion of electronic mail
security.
Risks Associated with Electronic Mail Use
Generally speaking there are three classes of email related risk that

What Is The Most Courageous Tales Of Freedom?
Some of the most courageous tales of freedom have been those of territories becoming nations,
states becoming nations, or a group of people becoming independent. Throughout history, the
United States declared independence from England, Belize declared independence from the United
Kingdom, and the Ivory Coast declared dependence from France. Many countries have formed
through declaring independence and blazing their own trails. The United Kingdom, as of June 23rd,
2016 has decided to blaze its own trail and leave the European Union, a group of member states that
work together for a common market and common political interests. Each of the members of the EU
are their own self–governing countries, but they meet together as a regional organization. Leaving
one of the most powerful organizations in the world looks to be one of the most courageous, or
foolish, tales of freedom in European history. The formation of the European Union started about
three–quarters of a century ago. The first blueprints of the European Union date back to 1951 for the
formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (Wilkinson). This organization
included the Inner Six countries of Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West
Germany. The ECSC was founded by the French foreign minister, Robert Schuman, whom lead this
organization with the Schuman declaration in May 1950 (Wilkinson). This organization of states
inspired the formation of many similar organizations in Europe.

United Kingdom And There Westminster System Essay
Most countries have a written constitution, which is a single document that delivers straightforward
principles that practise public power and how they exercise that public power. Furthermore, it offers
techniques and procedures of how the constitutional rules are enforced and how they can be
changed. For New Zealand, we follow the United Kingdom and there Westminster system, as our
constitution in "unwritten". New Zealand's constitution has always gained controversy, but the fact
of the matter is we do have a constitution even if it's not documented or compiled into one document
as a whole. It is a very important aspect of New Zealand's history and it is what shapes today's
society. This essay seeks to examination what a constitution in general terms is, what New Zealand's
constitution consists of, how the monarch or head of state links directly to New Zealand's
constitution and connections with the government, what republicans believe in and what a
republican society looks like from countries that live in it, explanations of a democracy, and lastly
the effects of what would happen regarding the constitution, government, and society if there was a
decision made to abolish the monarch in New Zealand.
Public power and the power of the state or government is what a constitution is about. It explains the
key foundations of government, shapes their major powers, and regulates the exercising of those
particular powers. While many, if not all constitutions from around the world

Reasons of Government Intervention in Transportation Industry
Abstract Certain function can be carried out satisfactorily only by the central or local government
even where the provision of public transport is left entirely to the private sector, the government has
an important role to play. If only to ensure through appropriate policy measures that the operating
environment is conducive to the development of a suitable transport industry. A fundamental
requirement is full government commitment to the success of the transport system even if this
requires difficult political decision. In this report, there are few reasons for government involvement
in the transport industry with of course based on real–life examples. TRANSPORTATION
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Transport is that part of economic activity ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
C. Safety Transport raises many questions about public safety. Issues of public safety have for a long
time led to the development of policies requiring driving licenses, limiting the hours of work of
drivers, imposing equipment standards, establishing speed limits, mandating highway codes, seat
belts and other accident controls. More recently, environmental standards and control measures are
being instituted, in response to the growing awareness of the environmental impacts of transport.
Examples include banning leaded gasoline and mandating catalytic converters in automobiles. Both
the US government and such international organizations as the International Maritime organization
(IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) have instituted new measures that
impact on operations, and represent additional costs to the transport industry. An inadequate level of
safety may be provided by a free market if operators do not incur the full costs of damage or injury
to passengers and by standees caused by an absence of safety measures. For example, those injured
incur costs which can only be retrieved through personal insurance or common law. D.
Environmental and Health Governments are beginning to exert greater control over environmental
and health, issues that are replacing former preoccupations with economic matters. The environment
is becoming a significant issue for government intervention. Coastal zone legislation has made it
increasingly

The Bank Of England Credit Report
Finical markets are needed to transfer funds from someone who has surplus funds to those who
needs money which has our economy expand and grow. The worlds focus has remained on the
financial position of the economy since the 2007 finical crash, many people and business are still
very cautious despite the improvements within consumer credit as banks are lending more people
money for mortgages but also businesses are starting to receive loans to set up business as well. It is
clear to see from the Bank of England Credit report that there have been improvements for
household and businesses but the economy has to improve a lot more to reach the pre–recession
level. However it could be argued that with the improvement, many problems will arise. For
example when people become more confident moral hazard and information asymmetry will cause
problems in all sectors of the economy. Household Credit Conditions The Bank of England credit
conditions review shows that the number of people who are borrowing against their assets, which is
known as secure lending, has increased. The stock of secure lending has increased to 3.5% on a
three month basis since November 2015, but it has annually increased from 2013 to 2015 by 2.5%.
UK households have seen the benefit of this as mortgage approvals have increased to 70,000 per
month from September to November in 2015. The growth rates on secured lending for UK
households have been at their highest since 2008. However the average remains below

Chandler's Model of Large-Scale, Integrated Managerial...
To what extent can Chandler's model of large–scale, integrated managerial enterprise explain the
long–term competitiveness of leading economies?
Chandler`s model of large–scale enterprises is a way from and shift away from the 'invisible hand'
model given by Adam Smith. Chandler`s model is an attempt to explain the developments in the
second phase of industrial revolution where he tends to reason behind the enhancement of capital. In
this context, he gave the concept of modern industrial enterprise, which according to him grew in
three phases. That is, there were investments in the production facilities, mostly the ones with
technological potential to produce economies of scale and the economies of scope, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Various heads of these departments alongside a board and an assigned president then made decisions
for the organization thereby adding a 'visible hand' to the affairs of the organization leading the
enterprise in a set direction. Another point to be taken under consideration here is that an industrial
enterprise, in addition to the functional units, also expanded in other ways. There were defensive
expansion trends i.e. horizontal or vertical expansion, and the offensive ones, i.e. geographical and
product diversification. Further evolution in the industrial enterprise led to performance monitoring
measures i.e. inclusion of a long–term and innovative corporate strategy with middle and the top
management being the sole decision makers. However, with labor intensive industries i.e. printing or
textiles, they don`t offer a competitive advantage for the integrated enterprises (Chandler &
Montgomery 1979: 71). Therefore, in these cases, mass retailers tend to dominate with large
purchasing units while eliminating other intermediaries.
In order to further explain the argument, the case of United States as stipulated via theoretical
paradigms given by Chandler can be discussed. According to the theory, USA precludes to
competitive managerial capitalism which implies that there is an oligopolistic competition

Physical Geography Of Uruguay
Uruguay Country Profile
Physical Geography
Uruguay is a country in South America. It borders the South Atlantic Ocean, to the west is
Argentina, and northeast is Brazil. To the south it lies opposite to the Río de la Plata, which is a wide
estuary opening out to the South Atlantic. The capital Montevideo, which is also a major port, is on
the edge of the Río de la Plata (see Figure one). Uruguay is the smallest Spanish–speaking country
in South America. It is a water–rich land, and consists of three systems of rivers. One of these rivers
is Río Uruguay, which forms the border with Argentina and is bounded by low banks. The most
important of the three rivers, which also happens to be the longest, is Río Negro. Río Negro travels
across the northeast of the country to the west, and empties into Río Uruguay. Uruguay has plains on
the eastern, western, and southern edges. Along with all of the flat plains, there are ranges of low
hills. The highest point in these hilly areas is the Cerro Catedral, located in the Cuchilla Grande
mountain range ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the large amount of water in the country, there is often high humidity and fog. The rainfall in
the country is evenly distributed throughout. On average, Montevideo gets 950 millimeters of
rainfall annually. The rainfall in this area results from the passing of cold fronts in the winter, and
thunderstorms are frequent in the summer. In Uruguay, there is only 2–3% of land that is forested,
and around 30,000–40,000 kilometers of the land is arable. Vegetables for the capital are produced
by the inland portion of

The Hatchery And Stocking Enterprise
Section 3: How This Case Relates TO CEQA In this case the plaintiff, CBD, litigated CDFW on the
following principles of CEQA: rules governing PEIRs, baseline setting, deferral of mitigation and
alternative analysis. In regards to PEIRs it is defined by CEQA as an "EIR which may be prepared
on a series of actions that can be characterized as one large project and are related [among other
possibilities] ... [a]s individual activities carried out under the same authorizing statutory or
regulatory authority and having generally similar environmental effects which can be mitigated in
similar ways" (CEQA Guidelines, 15168, subd. (a)(4).) In this regards both courts concluded that
the hatchery and stocking enterprise was such a project. In regards ... Show more content on
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The exception states that "measures may specify performance standards which would mitigate the
significant effect of the project and which may be accomplished in more than one specified way."
(CEQA Guidelines, 15126.4, subd. (a)(1)(B).) In addition, it was concluded through a prior case that
"when for practical reasons, mitigation measures cannot be fully formulated at the time of project
approval, the lead agency may commit itself to devising them at a later time, provided the measures
are required to satisfy specific performance criteria articulated at the time of project approval"
(Sacramento Old City Assn. v. City Council (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 1011, 1028–1029.) Finally, in
regards to alternative analysis the purpose of a no project alternative "is to allow decision makers to
compare the impacts of approving the proposed project with the impacts of not approving the
proposed project" (CEQA GUIDELINES, 15126.6, subd. (e)(1).) In this court case if the project "is
the revision of an existing land use or regulatory plan, policy or ongoing operation, the 'no project'
alternative will be the continuation of the existing plan, policy or operation into the future" (CEQA
Guidelines, 15126.6, subd. (e)(3)(A).) The case in addition supports the

Use Of Technology Through Online Service Support And A...
OxTech
Introduction
IT consultant services are on the rise as technology and knowledge is easier to access. Companies,
government, non–government institutions, individuals, and organizations each time rely more on IT
services, adapting to the changing technology. Making IT consultant companies a more attractive
and lucrative business. OxTech will provide to schools all aspects of IT support including network
and wireless, website management, server management among others. Also will facilitate the use of
technology through online service support and a cloud storage system. This report will analyze
external factors, critical in the decision–making of whether to establish or not a new IT company
that will provide IT services to schools ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IT consultant services are on the growth as the changing world adapts to the development of
technology. The venture of rapid developing technology service in the economy is steadily
increasing over the years, due to the advancements of technology the society is facing a new era
(Ahmad, 2015). The Oxford City Council (2017), through Oxfordshire Business Enterprises Ltd
(OBE), provides guidance for starting up your business in Oxfordshire that will begin as at pre–
stage until the industry is already established, it suggests that the maximum of employees is nine.
Taking this in consideration, (Ahmad, 2015) suggests, that an IT consultancy has many benefactors
as you can work from home where it would reduce the employees to hire, and that as the business
grows and makes profit it will be able to hire more specialized employees in the area within time.
The economic factor is important to analyze when opening a new local business in Oxfordshire, to
understand better how it might impact the business in different aspects. There are many competitors
in the IT service industry, over the last years technology has been very attractive for a niche market,
even though the UK has a strong economy and the Brexit would have a big impact. Indeed,
TechUK, which represents the technology industry in the UK has found that Brexit will affect the
UK's digital sector and have emphasized to

Jewish Ghettos Essay
Jewish ghettos: The basic history of the formation of the Jewish ghettos, including the everyday life
and economic hardships faced by the communities.
By definition, a ghetto is an area, usually characterized by poverty and poor living conditions, which
houses many people of a similar religion, race or nationality. They served to confine these groups of
people and isolate them from the rest of the community because of political or social differences.
However, the Jewish ghettos established throughout Europe were more than just a way for the
Germans to isolate the Jewish community. They were the first step in making Hitler's final solution
possible. The ghettos were the means of organizing all of the Jews ... Show more content on
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However, there was no real uniformity to these ghettos. The ghettos usually varied with respect to
the size of the city in which they were located. The ghettos in small towns were generally not sealed
off, which was often a temporary measure used until the Jewish occupants could be sent to a bigger
ghetto. Larger cities had closed ghettos, with brick or stone walls, wooden fences, and barbed wire
defining the boundaries. In the larger ghettos, guards were strategically placed at gateways and other
boundary openings for policing the area. In these larger ghettos, Jews were not allowed to leave the
Jewish residential districts (Holocaust),under penalty of severe punishment, often including death.
As mentioned earlier, all of the ghettos had the most appalling, inhuman living conditions. The
smallest ghetto housed about 3,000 Jews. Warsaw, probably the largest ghetto, held close to 400,000
people. Lodz, the second largest, held about 160,000 (Phillips 304–12). Other areas (mainly Poland)
with large Jewish ghettos included Bialystok, Czestochowa, Kielce, Krakow, Lublin, Lvov, Radom,
and Vilna(a history 170). Many of the ghetto dwellers were from the local area; others were from
neighboring villages. In October 1941, general deportations began from Germany to major ghettos
in Poland and further east. Also, Jews from Austria and the

Swot Analysis Of Spice Airlines
➢ SpiceJet
SpiceJet is a low cost airline that began its operations in May 2005. Earlier known as Royal
Airways, SpiceJet has chosen a single aircraft type fleet for greater efficiency in maintenance and
the low–cost structure.
➢ GoAir Airlines
GoAir Airlines, being a low cost airline, is promoted by Wadia Group and started its operations in
2005. It is the 5th largest Airline in India.
➢ Air Deccan
Air Deccan , being India's first low cost airline, is a part of Deccan Aviation Private Limited, which
is India's largest private heli–charter company. Established in 2003 and started operations in August
that year, it has revolutionized air travel in India. It was taken over by Kingfisher Airlines in 2008.
➢ Paramount Airways
Paramount Airways, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its main hubs are London Heathrow and London Gatwick. The operations of BA run to 147
destinations in 75 countries.
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. (operating as Virgin Atlantic) was founded in 1984. Virgin Atlantic
Airways has become Britain's second largest carrier serving the world's major cities. Now based at
London's Gatwick and Heathrow airports and Manchester airport, it operates long haul services to
thirty destinations worldwide.
It is owned by Richard Branson's Virgin Group (51%) and Singapore Airlines (49%). It operates
long–haul routes between the United Kingdom and North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the
Middle East, Asia, and Australia from its main bases at London Heathrow and London Gatwick.
Virgin has a smaller base at Manchester Airport.
It is to be noted that the main hubs of both British Airways and Virgin Atlantic are London
Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport, which are located in London, England. The former
is the principle and biggest airport serving the United Kingdom and handles more international
passenger traffic than any other airport in the world, the Dubai Airport comes to a close

Dc Water Case Study
Strengths:
(1) There are established definitions for all of the regulatory terms associated with this program.
Prime contractors are accustomed to this requirement.
(2) The extended version may allow DC Water to accept the other M/WBE certifications such as the
Minority Diversity Supplier Council and Women's Business Enterprises.
(3) An M/WBE will receive credit for performing as a prime contractor with the 50 +1%, as opposed
to the EPA's regulation where this is prohibited.
(4) If it passes the legal scrutiny, it could help meet overall contracting goals for M/WBE for non–
EPA funded projects.
Cons:
(1) To avoid the risk of costly litigation, DC Water may be required to conduct an availability or
disparity study, which is time consuming and expensive.
However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(4) Due to the high number of DC Water construction projects, the Compliance Team may not have
the manpower to establish project–specific goals for each of non–federal assisted project.
Alternative #2: L/Local, Small Business Enterprises Enhanced
Strengths:
(1)The Program could be similar to other regional entities' small business program such as MWAA,
WMATA, and WSSC.
(2) The prime contractor community is accustomed to local LSBE programs throughout the region.
(3) If this option is developed with a 100 mile radius participation, it may allow DC Water to accept
all local jurisdictions' local small business certifications.
(4) Preference points could be the same as those on our goods and services contracts.
(5) DC Water could establish one subcontracting goal (i.e., 35%) for all projects.
(5) It is not clear as of this time, whether or not the program has to be approved by the Council. If it
does not, it may be easier to implement during the latter part of FY 2017 early part of FY

Evaluating The New Process For Managing Priorities At...
Q1) During the 10 years from 1992 through 2002, VWoA considered IT as a source of overhead and
prioritized more on marketing and selling activities by allocating all the available funds. According
to Matulovic, the major issues at VWoA were not related to IT but rather to the ambiguity that
surrounded governance and development process.
Assessment of the new process for managing priorities at Volkswagen of America?
Significantly, he empowered PMO (program management Office) that focuses on proper planning
prior to execution phase in order to generate on–schedule and on–budget projects. Hence, Matulovic
satisfied that projects are working in a right manner. In order to choose the right projects to fund, the
new process was implemented which is very organized, more structured and select projects based on
the business requirements/scope. Several Organizational entities played a role in creating and
managing a new process for managing priorities at VWoA. The focus of new process have been on
aligning IT projects with Organizational goals i.e., each of the top three projects of business units
should map to one of the major enterprise goals. Since the budget is limited ($60 million capped by
VWAG), the funds are allocated to the projects which are highly prioritized by their business units.
Business architecture played an important role in formalizing governance and prioritization process
as it provided means of categorizing organization activities including IT projects and

Sme Sectors Benefits to the Economy
The SME sector is said to make a significant contribution to employment; evaluate this claim by
drawing on the literature, and discuss what other contributions are made to the economy by the SME
sector.
Gov website says that for the purposes of SME 2006 statistics an SME is defined as any business
that has less than 250 employees.
SME: small and medium–sized enterprises are defined by the European Commission as independent
enterprises that have fewer than 250 employees, and an annual turnover not exceeding Â£34 million
or a balance–sheet total not exceeding Â£29 million (new Recommendation 2003/361/EC adopted
by commission on 6 May 2003). This revised definition came into force on 1 January 2005. Within
this definition micro enterprises ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As seen many times on venture creation programmes such as Dragons Den, it is often difficult to
find faults with a product or service that is your creation and an objective view is needed. Big
business' also experience the benefits of economies of scale due to the amount of products they
consume, whereas this is rarely the case in the SME sector. A basic example of this is buying a mars
bar from a corner shop, you will pay the recommended retail price, whereas if you are buying 200
mars bars, you would expect to get them for a reduced wholesale price.
One way to look at how the SME sector benefits the economy is to look at aggregate demand.
Aggregate demand is an indicator of the total demand for goods and services in the economy. It is
comprised of four elements. The equation for aggregate demand is AD = C + I + G + (X – M). In
this equation, C is the consumption. This means the amount of goods and services that are consumed
by the nation, and is directly affected by the amount of disposable income available. I is the
investment, which includes private investment such as buying shares or borrowing money from the
bank as well as business investment, including foreign direct investment (FDI). G represents
government investment. X minus M is the final component of aggregate demand and is the most
relevant to my question. X minus M represents the total after the

A Developed Country As The Most Socially Progressive States
Also, I would prefer to focus on a developed country as the most socially progressive states have the
most influence in the global market and are often compared with the United States. Ireland, an
island of 27000 square miles and a population of 4.6 million is ranked 6th in HDI as of 2014, proves
to have a high degree of development, on par with Germany and ahead of the US (at 8th). This is
reflected in Ireland's healthy social progress and economic efficiency. The GDP per capita is
~$45,000 with only ~5% of the country's population below the poverty line compared to 15% for
the US. Ireland is also also a very peaceful country and ranked 11th for income equality with a 34.3
GINI (2013). Throughout the history of Ireland, the country and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Widespread trade commenced in the period starting in 2500 BC to 400 AD with the population
consisting of various different rival groups, called the Celts, who shared a polytheistic, pagan
religion. This religion influenced stories and mythology surrounding the ancient monuments and
their use. Shortly after the year 400, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, which remained the
dominant religion while many Celtic traditions were retained. During this period, a change in
religion and the fall of the nearby Roman Empire, Ireland enjoyed prosperity, but was invaded by
the Vikings. They plundered some of the newfound riches and treasures but also established Dublin
and many other important cities, such as Wexford, Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. This control by
the vikings ended around 1200 when the Normans (from modern day France) invaded and
conquered England and Ireland, establishing a lordship which began the next several hundred years
of British rule. By 1600 much of this dependency was in the form of plantations controlled by
Britain, and in 1641 a rebellion was staged by the protestant colonists. Similar conflict continued
into the 1700s, and hundreds of thousands of people died during the first major famine of Ireland in
1740. A second uprising took place in 1798, shortly after which Ireland was formally joined with

How Did The Black Death Contribute To The Renaissance
Beginning in 1347, Europe faced a series of crises such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War,
the Fall of Constantinople, and the Great Schism. Eventually, these crises would end and lead to a
cultural revival. This cultural revival that Europe experienced was known as the Renaissance. The
Renaissance was a period that revived elements of the classical past, as well as introduced new
forms of thought and expression. The Black Death, a fatal disease that struck Europe in the years
1344–52, is one of the factors that led to the Renaissance. It originated in the region between Black
and Caspian seas. Nicephorus Gregorus, a Byzantine Scholar, describes its symptoms as "The
prominent signs of this disease, signs indicating early death, were ... Show more content on
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Architects of the Renaissance used the golden mean, which is often found in nature in the shape of a
leaf or the spiral of a shell. This was used by ancient Greeks. Use of the golden mean adds
"harmonious composition to buildings and other structures." Architects modeled their architectural
designs after Vitrivius, a Roman architect. He glorified the idea of proportions and symmetry in
architecture. He believed the human body modeled the beauty of proportion in human nature.
Renaissance architects would visit the remains of ancient buildings, in hopes to measure them and
learn how proportion and symmetry were applied in real structures. Renaissance architecture now
applied regular geometrical forms, rather than the elegant spikes and soaring arches seen in the
Middle Ages.
Artists were inspired by Greek and Roman sculpture, painting, and decorative arts. Renaissance
artists mined the ancient world for new

Civil Society And Its Prospects For A Democratic Transition
Civil Society in Cuba and Its Prospects for a Democratic Transition
4/23/12
Although evidence has shown that civil society is developing in Cuba, the country will probably not
undergo a democratic transition in the near future. Civil society is still repressed by the government,
independent media is mostly silenced, and many of Cuba's citizens appear understandably apathetic.
Cuba will only transition to democracy, develop a democratic political culture, and consolidate its
democracy only when civil society develops to a position of organization, strength, and mass
support. This essay seeks to analyze the major impediments in Cuba's prospects for democracy.
Political History
Cuba was one of the last Latin American nations to gain independence. The island won its
independence from Spain in 1898, but was taken over by the United States after its victory in the
Spanish–American War. In 1902, Cuba won its independence from the United States. In 1940,
Batista was elected president but was voted out of office in 1944. From 1944 until 1952, the country
was ruled by civilian presidents who had the support of political parties. In 1952, Batista
orchestrated a coup after being out of office for eight years and presided over a seven–year military
dictatorship. Batista's anti–communism won him the support of the United States, but his
administration was extremely corrupt and his closeness with the United States angered many
Cubans. In addition, under Batista

France Essay
Introduction
France, which is the largest nation in Western Europe, is a presidential republic. France is a very
important nation in Europe and it continues to be involved in contemporary policy issues. Helping
the world as one of the great trading nations, France is a very important trading partner with the
United States. Not only is France important to the United States, they are also important to countries
all over the world. Their abundance of both mineral and agricultural resources make them a very
important supplier of products all over the world. I chose to report on France because it is an
interesting county and I wanted to learn more about it.
Geography
France is located ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 16th century, Protestantism spread across France leading to a number of religious and
civil wars. The wars between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics resulted in the massacre of
some 3,000 Protestants in Paris on the eve of St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572. The statecraft of such
royal advisers as the cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin helped France in becoming the greatest power
in Europe during the 17th century. Unfortunately, defeats in a series of costly foreign wars during
the 18th century caused France to loose many of their overseas territories, and brought the country
near bankruptcy. In 1789 revolution toppled the King, Louis XVI, and proclaimed the rights of man.
The French Revolution took a bloody turn and ended in a weak government of five directors. France
soon fell into the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte, who ruled from 1799–1814, first as consul, then as
emperor. Napoleon's far fetched military ventures ended in 1815 with his downfall. A limited
monarchy was restored and, with the exception of a brief republican period (1848–52), brought
about the creation of the Third Republic.
After WWI, a resistance movement known as Free France was organized in Britain under the
leadership of General Charles de Gaulle. Allied and Free French forces liberated France in 1944.
Parliamentary democracy was restored to France under the Fourth Republic. Another costly war
against

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