Essay About Crime And Police Department

Essay about Crime and Police Department
Predictive Policing
A study shows, crime rates in New York City in the years between 1990 through 1998, crimes such as murder has decline by over 70%, theft by over
60 %, and violent acts by over 50%. These reductions were the largest ever recorded in the history of crime in New York City.
There were three ideas develop by individuals who were part of the study to implement a strategy that reduces crimes (2001).
First idea was to have a problem solving technique. This advance proposition was a theory by Professor Herman Goldstein. He strongly believed, police
officials have had disconnect between incidents versus problems. Professor Goldstein wanted to reverse that theory and detect an incident that can turn
into a problem. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compstat, a timely computerizes crime statistical information with pin mapping abilities, has impacted the force in police departments to slow or
reduce crimes. This technology enables police departments to see crimes as it happens and provides crime fighting strategies. This reduces crimes, the
fear of crime and it reduces disorder.
Compstat incorporates crime mapping systems as ArcGIS, Microsoft MapPoint or Google Maps. Compstat can provide weekly updates of crime
statistics for major felonies. This data is use to direct crime strategy sessions. Police official, narcotic commanders, prison commanders, and detective's
staff may lack the training to take advantage of Compstat data when making decisions on how to resolve these crimes. Compstat will help official
make better and wiser judgment with opinions. The team views the crime from all different angles.
Law enforcements that patrol the streets will react to the nearest encounter, given information by those who are monitoring crimes through Compstat
technology. Patrol officers will be the first responders. This is how they catch criminals in the act, intervene, and take appropriate action and full
control of the situation (2001).
There were also challenges associated with the process Compstat provided. Accurate data and reliable data are two components in which crime
analysts were able to spot errors. On
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COMPSTAT and the Newark Police Department Essay
The COMPSTAT ( Compare–Statistics) system was developed by the New York Police Department in 1994 and is credited with having a significant
impact on the reduction of major crimes in New York city. COMPSTAT is internationally recognized as having become an extremely successful tool,
incorporating accurate crime intelligence analysis methods and streamlining law enforcement management processes, including the seeding of power
to local district commanders. In broad strokes, COMPSTAT can be described as a series of process used for the collection and analysis of criminal
intelligence data which in turn assists commanders in developing effective strategies and tactics to combat crime.
The effective reduction of crime and quality of life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DDPIA is a integral part of that process that involves the gathering and analysis of timely and accurate criminal intelligence information, crime statistics
and other data such as emergency incident and management information, traffic data, and individual anecdotal information such as routine police
reports. Criminal statistical information is crucial to COMPSTAT to enable analysts to structure information in ways that can assist managerial
decision making processes. Through the compilation of a wide range of data sources it is possible to search for and determine larger patterns and
trends, which in turn allows commanders to make strategic decisions about resources, manpower, operations, plain clothes operations and beat policing
activities.
What changes in strategy have taken place as a result of the implementation process?
The COMPSTAT process has not changed the fundamental approach to policing at the grass roots level. Traditional law enforcement tactics, which
have long been a staple in police activities across the board, still remain the preferred method for dealing with crime on the street. However, it is
important to note that the DDPIA process

Disadvantages Of Intelligence Led Policing
In preparation for my debate on the topics of intelligence–led policing and Compstat policing, I have discovered the many advantages and
disadvantages of using intelligence–led policing and Compstat policing. According to Carter & Carter (2009), intelligence–led policing is the collection
of and analysis of data relating to crime, used by law enforcement in "developing tactical responses to threats and/or strategic planning related to
emerging changing threats" (p. 317). When applied correctly, intelligence–led policing is a tool used for information sharing in identifying threats and
developing responses to prevent those threats from reaching fruition (Carter, 2011). One of the advantages of using intelligence–led policing is its
incorporation of data analysts. The role of the data analyst in the context of intelligence–led policing allows them to take specially trained analysts to
take raw data from information found in reports and translate it into useful information for the officers, allowing the police to deploy resources more
effectively and efficiently (Griffiths, 2016). Another advantage is its application through preventative and predictive policing (proactive policing), in
which law enforcement take data and identify crucial variables such as terrorism or the emergence of criminal organizations, in hopes of stopping the
problem at its roots (Carter, 2011). Terrorism is especially important and emphasized after the 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centers in

Compstat: The Four Levels Of Policing
I chose to briefly speak about Compstat, what it is, how it works, and the benefits policing gets from it. Compstat is an another word for "Computer
Statistics" or in other locations they know it as "Compare Statistics". This program is actually a NYPD program that all around the world it has been
imitated, but they all have different classifications. Compstat has four important sections: Accurate and timely intelligence, Effective tactics, Rapid
deployment, and Relentless follow–up and assessment. A rationale idea for the intelligence aspect is that, " Information describing how and where
crimes are committed, as well as who criminals are, must be available to all levels of policing (Worrall, Schmalleger). "Tactics are used to respond based

William Bratton's Tipping Point Leadership
The article in www.governing.com discusses the nomination of William J. Bratton, as public official of the year 2007. It goes to summarize why he
was nominated by describing some of his accomplishments to date in this 2007 article. Mr. Bratton has had a natural sense of leadership and bravery
ever since his younger days as a Police Officer. In 1975, just when he was a rookie sergeant with the Police Department in Boston, he responded to a
call that would make even the most seasoned officer nervous, bank holdup; shots fired; possible hostage situation. When William Bratton, arrived at
the scene, he came face to face with the bank robbery himself, a 6'2" man dragging a woman in a business suit across a bridge with his gun drawn. Right
away he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bratton has made a name for himself within his 43 years in law enforcement, like being credited for the end of war on crime. Once appointed and
in office, Bratton will have a tough job ahead of him although he is not new to any of those hurdles. In recent times, the Stop and Frisk law is a
main issue that Bill Bratton will have to address, since in the summer of 2013 a federal judge ruled "that the NYPD sometimes carried out its stops
unconstitutionally by unfairly targeting minorities". Bratton has then stated that he does support the stop and frisk but only when it does
appropriately. Di Blasio anticipates to use Bratton for his tough leadership skills and expertise on bringing police and community back together. The
Los Angeles Times declared when Bratton left after seven years on the job. "Its work is appreciated by residents across racial lines. Its record, though
not perfect, is far less inflammatory and far more

Example Of POP Report
A continuation of the POP program can be seen in the idea of hot spots. A hot spot in itself, is an area that "consumed a disproportionate amount of
police time and effort." (112) The idea of hot spots soon progressed to the idea of hot spot policing. Which is based on "the assumption that if the
police direct focused, intensive efforts at the areas with high concentration of crime and calls for service they can reduce crime and disorder." All while
using the problem oriented policing model of SARA. Such as the experiment that Lowell, Massachusetts conducted. As a result of thirty percent of their
crime came from hot spots around the city, they needed to come up with a plan to reduce those numbers. "In addition to traditional police enforcement

Crime Specific Strategy: Data Analysis
The meaning of crime specific strategy is to address specific criminal activities in at a specific time and place of occurrence. Crime specific strategy
is data based policing which normally involves aggressive patrol measures to displace crime or reduce crime (Hoover, 2014). In today's criminal
environment it is as important as ever to be proactive in the attempts to stop the criminal element. The tool of Compstat has given most police
departments is the chance to be proactively react to crime trends in their cities (Bond & Braga, 2015). Compstat is a data analysis of criminal offense
within a given area. These offenses can be observed almost in real time as reports are submitted. Commanding officers can then react to this information
in many

NOPD Organizational Behavior
The NOPD is a bureaucratic, quasi–military organization. The Department is complex, performing many tasks to carry out its mission. These tasks are
handled by different divisions in the NOPD. The Department has a division of labor among its employees. The NOPD has a rank structure with duties
delegated from top to bottom. The Department has a chain of command and information flows according to it. The NOPD has written rules and
regulations. Anyone interested in joining the Department can choose from several career paths. Officers wear uniforms, have military–style
designations, and are legally authorized to carry weapons, use force, and deprive individuals of their liberty. These characteristics complicate police
work.
The DOJ's investigation and findings report found systemic deficiencies that caused or contributed to the NOPD's patterns and practices of
unconstitutional conduct, including field supervision.
The Justice Department found that the NOPD had deficient field supervision policies. For example, policy allowed for too large a span of control that
prevented adequate supervision. In management, a span of control of no more than 1:10 is generally accepted and 1:5 is recommended. However, an
NOPD sergeant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, there were failures in first–line supervision. There was a pattern of flawed arrest and use of force reports that had been approved by
supervisors. Sometimes arrest reports appeared to have not been reviewed at all and use of force reports to have been written by the officers
involved instead of supervisors. Some reports were signed days after the incidents or not at all. Supervisors did not always respond to the scene of a
use of force incident or conduct investigations of uses of force. Daily Activity Reports were not accurately or consistently filled out and counseling and
corrective action did not occur. Some supervisors did not ensure that officers stayed

Professional Policing Essay
Professional policing is a theory that advances authoritative methodologies, which bolster the orderly utilization of associations and critical thinking
strategies, to proactively address the quick conditions that offer ascent to open wellbeing issues, for example, crime, social issue, and dread of
wrongdoing. On like Bohm and Haley, 2014 (pg 243) reflects on this aspect professional police agents focus on a narrow goal of reactive crime control,
in which the police isolate themselves from the community as the experts on crime fighting. Using a different goal (improving community quality of
life issues), agents of COP rely on close involvement with the community to proactively address issues of community concern. However, the
professionalism movement as it may be was to turn policing into a profession, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compstat according to (Bohm and Haley, 2014) was initiated in 1994 by then New York City Commissioner William Bratton to address the high crime
rate in New York City. Compstat goals center on reducing crime, enhancing arrest and community involvement. These trends has helped alllaw
enforcement agents in their everyday work in combating crimes, and which at the same time makes each Police Officers be responsible and
accountable for their roles as far as their profession is concern.
The CompStat Process according to the (policechiefmagazine.org) involves four Principles for Managing Crime Reduction. These include:
Accurate and timely intelligence: Know what is happening and as near constant as could reasonably be expected and along these lines displayed in
different organizations in printed copy and electronically at CompStat gatherings; groups incorporate diagrams, charts, maps, summon profiles, and
wrongdoing depiction reports. The examination of this data by summons and staff officers then triggers activity on distinguished

Crime Is An Issue Of Crime
Crime is an issue that must be controlled effectively with planning and in a timely manner for goals to be accomplished. There are many plans,
procedures, or policies that control crime, but law enforcement must understand that it may never end. Addressing crime in a timely manner can alter
the aftermath for future occurrences. According to Briggs (2008) the key mystery for these outrageous crimes in Memphis that occurs frequently are
linked to the way people live and the misguided housing policy that are implemented in the city (Briggs, 2008). There many low– income families who
live in neighborhoods outside the traditional ghetto which is increasing the poverty areas that is responsible for the uptick in crime in Memphis (Briggs,
2008). Memphis has faced many crime problems over the last three years such as homicides, assaults, and burglars, these issues have escalated out
of control for law enforcement officials to manage. The homicides, assaults, and burglaries along with other violent crimes in the neighborhood
creates instability in Memphis leaves the rate of crime to increase more frequently. Memphis is crowded with displaced families, gang members and
violence that has taken over the streets. These crimes have asserted a long history of violence since the early 1990's of levels of crimes within the
city. "In the 1990's at least 17 percent of the poor in the nation's 100 largest metropolitan areas live in very high poverty census tracts where at least 40
percent

Police Commstat Research Paper
Comp–stat is tool that the police use in order to keep track of crime. Comstat is a very important tool used by the NYPD and other law enforcement
agencies across the United States. The use of comp stat is usually helpful in sharing information, improvement of effectiveness and as well as police
accountability. The results of this model is mainly based on its four components rapid resource deployment, relentless follow–up, time and accurate
information or rather intelligence. A while known characteristic of this management model is its regular meetings where different officers get together
with departmental executives analyze as well discuss crime problems together with strategies that are employed in addressing those problems.
Commanders from

Effective Reduction Of Crime And Quality Of Life Abatement
COMPSTAT was created by the New York Police Department in 1994 and is known having a significant impact on the reduction of major crimes in
New York City. COMPSTAT is globally acknowledged and has become a successful tool for integrating precise crime intelligence analysis methods
and streamlining law enforcement management processes. COMPSTAT can be described as a series of process used for the collection and analysis of
criminal intelligence data which in turn assists commanders in developing effective strategies and tactics to combat crime.
The effective reduction of crime and quality of life abatement is of prime importance in the COMPSTAT model is and is one of the four core
principles in the COMPSTAT paradigm. This essay will examine the impact that the implementation of COMPSTAT has had. In doing so it will
determine what changes in strategy, structure and operations have taken place as a result of the implementation process.
The COMPSTAT process and Data
–Driven Problem Identification and Assessment
COMPSTAT is regularly described as a management accountability process that is a multi
–layered and dynamic approach to crime reduction, personnel
and resource management. The COMPSTAT process of Data
–Driven Problem Identification and Assessment, (now referred to as DDPIA), utilizes
geographical Information Systems (geo–coding), and advanced software to mine, track and analyze data concerning criminal activity, such as Part I
and Part II UCR crimes. The process can

Cis 500 Week 2 Assignment 1
Predictive Policing
Information Systems for Decision Making
October 21, 2012
In 1994, the New York City Police Department adopted a law enforcement crime fighting strategy known as COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics).
COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify " hotspots", and map problem areas.
COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historicalcrime data. Mathematicians have designed and developed algorithms that run against the historical data
to predict future crimes for police departments. This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile
thefts, and other crimes in some cities.
From the 1800's until about the 1980's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many would say, the greatest advantage of this system is that police presence is continuously felt and criminals tend to think twice before acting, as
response time will be immediate. With the existence of this presence community relationships have shown to grow stronger and the citizens feel safer
and more compelled to share information about criminal activity, which can help solidify information that is inputted into the system.
Since many police agencies intend to implement predictive–policing in their departments they should know the advantages and disadvantages of it.
The most popular advantage is the reduction in cost to the agency, this is popular presently because there are so many cuts happening due to the
economy this helps out a lot. The budgets of many police agencies are getting smaller and smaller year–by–year, so by being able to pinpoint the exact
location of crimes and to put your offices in the "hotspots" can potentially be a big money saver for the force. Another advantage is the software is
very user friendly and easy to use, the amount of training for the officers would not be as much as with other software's have proven to be and it is
also less expensive for larger agencies. However, like everything there are also some disadvantages. The biggest one is the software is not compatible
with other software's that are currently used by most agencies, which will

Police Law Enforcement Protection And Citizen 's Civil...
In 1991, nearly 10% of all United States' murders occurred in New York City (La Vorgna, 2012). The United States' civil liberties grant citizen's rights
and freedoms as determined by the Constitution and Bill of Rights. Every citizen has the right to walk their streets without being racially targeted by
police. They also have the right to roam these streets without being mugged or killed. Both are civil liberties. Amidst times of racial and ethnic
animosity, this country faces a problem between law enforcement protection and citizen's civil liberties. Stop–and–frisk is a policing tactic where
officers stop, question, and frisk a civilian based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Many argue the New York Police Department's (NYPD)
use of stop–and–frisk is an obvious violation of the Constitution and is based on racial discrimination. The Supreme Court of the United States
(SCOTUS) has heard many controversial cases dealing with this exact problem. Cases such as Terry v. Ohio and Federal Judge Shira Scheindlin's
partial ruling of Floyd v. City of New York have greatly impacted both law
–enforcement tactics and the meanings of certain civil liberties. An analysis
of the United States' judicial history and the biased decisions of Judge Scheindlin shows the NYPD's use of stop–and–frisk tactic is not only
constitutionally reasonable, but a non–discriminatory way of reducing crime. During 1968, Terry v. Ohio established the legal precedence for
stop–and–frisk. The fourth

Improving Police Community Relations Between Police And...
Improving police–community relations allows officers to do their job more effectively, it can also help officers have a better morale and find their
jobs safer and easier. If a level of trust is established between police and the community they serve, members of the community will be more willing to
offer their help to solve crimes, and give out information about possible suspects. It is extremely important for the police to have an open line
communication to the community if they want to increase the community's level of satisfaction. Improving police–community relations will not only
benefit the police department, it will also help community members. If the residents of a respective area trust their police officers they will be able
to have less fear and feel safer around their neighborhood. It will also help because if the police and the community work together crimes will be
resolved quicker which will lead to criminals being apprehended, crime levels being lower and the community being safer.
There are many things that distinguish community policing from traditional policing. For example, in traditional policing the focus and most important
goal is to apprehend criminals and bring them to justice. However, community policing focuses on ways the police department and the community
could get together to prevent crime and become a team. One of the major differences is that in community policing there is a pact of shared
responsibility, in which both community residents

COMPSTAT Essay
policing operates, COMPSTAT is able to be molded to the needs of the department that is using it. Due to how the data that is collected is used.
"The data are analyzed at regular command level meetings where commanders are held responsible for developing appropriate responses to the
problems in their areas." (113) As a result of all of this work, the results of COMPSTAT was able to give some positive outcomes. For Fort Worth,
Texas, as an example, the results they had were mixed. Such as COMPSTAT playing a "significant role in reducing property crimes and total index
crime rates" but on the other hand it did not "significantly reduce violent crime rates." (114) Even with some of the crime rates going down, the
working environment for some agencies did not improve along with the crime drops. "The post–1995 respondents reported "higher levels of managerial
pressure" to get the crime rate down, increase arrests and summons, and reduce citizen complaints." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tactics themselves evolve to meet the needs of the crime in a given area or new tactics are brought forth to improve upon what was there before.
As with all crime, it is an ever changing environment. And sometimes the ideas and tactics that are attempted do not always work or only work a
limited amount. Most tactics try and deter crime rather than reduce it outright. Such as with police patrol and CCTV systems. While tactics such as
crackdowns and stop–and–frisk try and deter crime by being more hands on with the public. Which does not always improve the situation by either
moving the crime to a different area or reducing the legitimacy the public had in the criminal justice system. To combat these issues problem–oriented
policing as well as the COMPSTAT system were designed to lower the crime rate while improving public relations. Even though these tactics may not
always give the desired results, they all start with the goal of reducing or preventing

Evaluation Of The Nypd 's Performance Measurement System...
Performance measurement is a crucial method to understand the progress of an organization. Regardless of an organization 's magnitude performance
measurement has a way to measure its own efficiency. It is also known for its regular measurement of results of evaluations, checking its outcome and
evaluating the service or program itself. This method is ideal for any organization which is seeking to create transparency, show its efficiency and in
New York City; New York CityPolice Department (NYPD) is one of them. This paper will analyze the NYPD's performance measurement system also
known as compstat. This paper will show how this performance known as comptat collects data, its area of interest, and frequency of data collection etc.
The purpose of the NYPD is to improve the "quality of life" in New York City. It is done by fightingcrime through the prevention of criminals in the
city. But if the action of NYPD is being effective or not is only possible to understand through the Compstat since it is a performance measurement
which is the computerized statistics. It also provides methods to acquire solutions when the crime goes higher and lets NYPD know what approach is
working in the best of the New Yorkers. Moreover this performance measurement amplified the use of statistics and crime indicators as measure and
begins the notion of community policing and problem–solving. Stated by Katel (2008), according to Bratton, "Police began gathering daily and hourly
data on newly

The Crime Fighter Summary
I have read the book the Crime Fighter by Jack Maple. I highly suggest this book to anyone with an interest of CompStat and how it first came
around or just for fun reading. In my paper I have carefully researched each individual topic as I read the book to look for more information on each
part. This includes CompStat, Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) which is not used but we use National Incident–Based Reporting System (NIBRS),
Warrants, Sting Operations, and Foot Patrol. Each one of these with the exception of foot patrols andpolice officers in schools were in the book when I
read The Crime Fighter.
Introduction: I recently read the book the Crime Fighter. Before I read the book I researched Jack Maple to see who he was. While researching

Policing Worldwide Essay
Policing Worldwide
The world of policing is one of constant change. As far back as the early days of Peelian police philosophy the missions and goals of police
departments have constantly been altered. In our diverse communities and cites worldwide we see police departments engaged in very different forms
of policing. Even across the many jurisdictions that operate within our nation we see departments that run at the very opposite ends of the policing
spectrum, with some acing in extreme public service roles and others involved in aggressive crime fighting ideologies. These different approaches are
all based of what the police identifies as the needs of the community. As constant research is conducted in the field of policing,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A more in depth view of community policing can show how it attempts to fulfill its proactive philosophy. First, Community policing aims to
broaden the function of the police. According to Gaines and Kappeler (2003), the police must move away from their traditional role as crime
fighters. They should incorporate a much broader role that uses fear reduction and order maintenance. Gaines and Kappeler (2003) identify prior
research that has shown that crime as a product of social conditions. These social conditions can be manipulated and changed by the quality of life
and social conditions in an area. So in affect, the police cannot actually fight crime, they can really only fight the conditions that cause crime by
maintaining order, and therefore "bettering" the social conditions in a community. As for the concept of fear reduction, Gaines and Kappeler (2003)
point out the fact that fear has a far worse effect on a community than does a crime rate. The fear of crime causes people to stay in their homes, takes
away commerce in an area, and causes psychological affects on people. Gaines and Kappeler further their finding here by identifying a little known
fact–more often than not, people's fear of crime is not related to the crime rate in their area. Many programs that promote fear reduction also lead to the
second step of community

The Predictive Policing Of Police Department
Introduction
The predictive policing apply to any policing plan, that it is developed and used for an advanced analysis to inform forward–thinking crime prevention.
The police department will use a program called COMPSTAT, where the data is run through a process and then it can form a map to show to thepolice
where the crime can occur before it took place in the areas. The police department can devote more time in the areas at risk of a crime.
In this paper will compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police department performance to reduce crime
versus random patrols of the streets. It will explain how COMPSTAT, as an information technology system (IS), implements the four basic (IS)
functions. In addition, it will establish how information system have approved police department implements tools such as COMPSTAT to act on two
crime faster. To conclude, it will effect on the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities, and threats analysis on behalf of the police department that
aims to implement predictive policing.
1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments' performance to reduce crime versus random
patrols of the streets.
In order to efficiently compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments' performance to reduce crime
versus random patrols of the streets. There are five components of predictive policing

Community Policing At The Cops
Even though most departments have some community policing in their mission statement community partnership(arguably the most important part) is
the least used in many departments(Maguire, Katz, 2002). Many departments inflate their involvement in community policing especially since the
COPS(community oriented policing services) give federal grants to departments who use this. Actually billions have been spent on community policing
and millions on researching it but no definitive evidence of its success on crime has been made by the early 21st century(Weisburd and Eck 2004). It
can be very difficult to truly understand how certain cities really implement community policing since it really comes down to each individual police
officer service. If the actual police officer on an individual level don 't internalize community policing than it doesn 't matter how much training and
programs the department has they aren 't truly implementing it on the ground without the helpe of each officer, this includes managers, policies of the
department, chiefs, and supervisors. The different members of the hierarchy must reinforce community policing training into the culture for full
implementation of community policing. Critique There are many critics of community policing which Mathew(1992) disagrees that there is any causal
relations between disorder and crime. New Yorks style of community policing had to do with order maintenance which was strongly criticized by
Harcourt (1998) and

Different Types Of Policing Used Today
Different Types of Policing Used Today
Policing has definably evolved over the last thousand years. Not only to progress crime fighting methods, but also show our community and greater
service. The old way of policing which was primarily based on random patrol, hoping for the chance to accidently walk up on a crime in progress, police
agency started focusing on social problem, and even more effective, statistics. Community policing has been enhanced through a management
accountably process called (CompStat).
(COP) meaning community oriented policing focusing on the community as a whole and leaving no crime big or small unattended. This lead to the
(ZTP) Zero tolerance policy. This policy focuses the police's attention to the less ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here are the four core strategies that the policing agencies try to stand by to effectively use CompStat.
Accurate and timely intelligence and statistical crime information based on geographical settings and or areas.
Rapid Deployment of resources, particularly combining the immediate presence of uniform patrol working concert with directed undercover operations.
Effective tactics and Strategies of enforcement that focus on visible street crime or "quality of Life" crimes.
Relentless follow up and assessment, placing the responsibility completely on the police officer in charge.
CompStat is problem oriented and prevents crime, and focus on problem rather than reminiscing on past incidents.
Another four step program that I read that they actually used in a city very close to home is (SARA). A program used in Newport New VA. (SARA)
is an Acronym actually meaning
Scanning– instead of relying on broad, law related incidents, the officer are encouraged to look at the crime possibly being related to another crime in
the area. Thinking outside to box can effectively connect links to crimes that were overlooked in the past.
Analysis– officers working the well–defined problem seek Intel on the crimes from public and private sources. Not using the Intel that you would find
in the system but the officer actually seeking out a more community

Leadership In The NYPD
Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal, according to Northouse P. (2016). He
defines leadership as a process means that it is not a trait or characteristic that resides in the leader, but rather a transactional event that occurs between
the leader and the followers. I always felt that leaders have a certain demeanor in the way they manage personnels.. This paper will analyze the NYPD's
performance measurement system, also known as Compstat and strategies against cyber terrorism.
The purpose of the NYPD is to improve the "quality of life" in New York City. It is done by fighting crime through the prevention of criminals in the
city. The actions of the NYPD can be tracked by Compstat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2006). Performance and Productivity in Public and Nonprofit Organizations. Second Edition. Sharpe Berman E. (1996). The American Review of
Public Administration vol. 26 no. 1 71–91 Buntin J. (1999). The NYPD Takes on Crime in New York City the Chief of Narcotics. Kennedy School of
government C16–99–1530.0 Eterno J. (2012) Policing by the Numbers. New York Times retrieved on October 26th 2016 http://www.nytimes.com/2012
/06/18/opinion/the–nypds–obsession–with–numbers.html?_r=0 Northouse, P. G. (2016).Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks,
CA: SAGE

Analysis Of Crime Control Strategies Used By Law...
Analysis of Crime Control Strategies used by law enforcement officers in the U.S. Crime control has been a major concern of both law
enforcement agencies and society in general for many years. Recent statistics show that in 2013, a total of 1, 163,146 violent crimes occurred in
the U.S., however, this was a decrease of 4.4% from the previous year (FBI, Uniform Crime Report, 2013). Although statistics show that overall
crime has declined since the 1990s (FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2010), controlling crime and decreasing the public's fear of crime is still a
significant problem in our country. Visher and Weisburd (2012) report that the public's perception of violent crime is high, and law enforcement
agencies have developed programs in an effort to reduce this fear. It is important to examine the different types of crime control strategies that are
being used in the U.S. today. In this paper, I will describe and explain the major strategies that are currently being used by law enforcement agencies. I
will also discuss the research that has been done regarding the usefulness of such strategies, and provide my opinion as to which strategies are the most
effective in controlling crime. Some of the most common strategies that are being used by law enforcement agencies to control crime include:
Community Policing, Problem Oriented Policing, the Broken Window Approach, the Hot–spots Approach, and Compstat. Before examining these
different approaches, it is

William Bratton and the Nypd
yale case 07–015 rev. february 12, 2008
William Bratton and the NYPD
Crime Control through Middle Management Reform
Andrea R. Nagy1 Joel Podolny2
William Bratton, commissioner of the New York Police Department from 1994 to 1996, presided over a dramatic decline in the city'scrime rate. Hired
by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani as part of a new crime fighting initiative, Bratton embraced the "broken windows" theory that had made him so successful
as chief of the city's transit police. According to this theory, when a community ignores small offenses such as a broken window on a parked car,
larger offenses such as burglary, robbery, and assault inevitably follow. Conversely, serious crime can be prevented if a community polices the little...
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First, between 1890 and 1930, the management of the police force was centralized. Virtually every decision had to go to the top for approval, with the
goal of limiting the low–level officer's exposure to temptation. To reinforce the hierarchy, specialized units were created to deal with such problems as
drugs, youth, guns, and gangs. As Bratton described it, [The department] was divided into little fiefdoms, and some bureau chiefs didn't even talk to
each other.... Each bureau was like a silo: Information entered at the bottom and had to be delivered up the chain of command from one level to
another until it reached the chief's office.
4
But centralization did not solve the problem of corruption, and it added the problem of inefficiency, because the bureaucracy was not capable of
responding to the individual needs of different neighborhoods. "The reflexive solution to every police problem was more centralization and stronger
controls," according to criminologist George Kelling. But as the years went on, centralization became an end in itself, and even chiefs who wanted to
make changes could not, for fear that they would be labeled soft on corruption.
5
Then, between 1930 and 1970, a second reform movement applied a scientific management model to the NYPD. The goal was to reduce policing to
standard rules and routines. In essence, patrol officers became factory workers who performed simple,

Law Enforcement in the City of Harburg: An Analysis of the...
Enforcement Organizational Reform Introduction The city of Harburg has the total population of 160,000 with thriving agriculture service sector.
Analysis of the police management system in the city reveals that the law enforcement agents in the city do not possess modern management skills
which could assist them to manage the crimes rates and the issue is making them to face series of operational and organizational challenges.
Fundamental objective of this paper is to assess critically the current shortcomings of the Harburg city law enforcement organization. The paper
provides structured alternatives to the problem to make the police service effective, efficient and proactive law enforcement organization. Problem
Analysis Inability of police force to curb the crime rates in Harburg has been identified as the major operation and organizational challenges facing the
police organization in the city. Overview of the city crime rate reveals that the crime statistics is 5% higher than the national average. Over the years,
there is constant increase in theft under $5000, which is 15% higher than the national average. Moreover, the city officials lack the management skills
to implement efficient modern management concept to run the city administration. (UniversitГѓ© de Cornell, 2009). For example, management does
not possess the required skills to develop a strategic direction for the mission statement. Typically, there is constant increase in the crime rate because

August Vollmer Community Policing
August Vollmer and his accomplices recommended training and education as two of the main components in professionalism in policing (Bohm &
Haley, 2014). When Vollmer advocated for training he begun to hire more qualified and educated people that were able to perform the job more
effectively. In the past, there were no requirements for individuals to start the job so the candidates weren't fitting the job. Vollmer also wanted the
politics and policing separated (Bohm & Haley, 2014). His reform was used to "to eliminate political influences, gain control of officers, and establish
crime–fighting priorities" (Bohm & Haley, 2014, Pg. 147). Vollmer's reform had a great impact on the department and made great changes such as:
limiting the police functions to law enforcement related functions only, enforced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Community Policing took a different perspective on crime than August Vollmer. It shows that even though police officers are trained and respond to
crimes on time, it doesn't effect the crime rates. In the past foot–patrol was in place but it quickly failed due to poor management and not enough funds
for the program (Bohm & Haley, 2014, Pg. 147). Community Policing was an idea to form a bond between the police and the citizens. If the police
paid more attention to the minor problems in

The Stop And Frisk Policy
The stop and frisk policy came about many years ago. The stop and frisk is used for protection for the officer or officers. An officer can stop a
suspect and frisk him/her for weapons, contraband or any other items if the officer feels any other suspicion. A Stop and Frisk do not require a
warrant. This practice is very common now days, but similar procedures to stop and frisk policy started in the 1980s. According to Clark (2015), the
earliest origins of stop and frisk were used in 1994 by Street Crime Unit to prevent the carrying of illegal guns in well–known hot spots and areas with
high crime rates. The crime rates decreased over time, but it caused another issue in the communities. In the 2000s, the number of those "Stopped and
Frisked" increased drastically due to the law enforcement agencies and departments in New York City forced to meet their COMPSTAT numbers for
the given time. COMPSTAT is a system used by the NYPD that collects data about local crimes and the measurements to take control of the issues.
Weekly meetings are coordinated to discuss the findings. Clark (2015) stated that, a survey conducted showed that it was more pressure and stress on
officers to conduct stops after COMPSTAT became active. The stop and frisk procedure is known to be more used toward those of the African
American, Latino and minority races rather than those of the Caucasian race. A person is protected from unreasonable search and seizures under the
Fourth Amendment. Many contested

External Mechanisms Of Accountaability
Describe at least two internal and two external mechanisms of accountability:
Internal Mechanism of accountability; " COMPSTAT, Which stands for computer driven statistics has been has been describe as goal oriented strategic
management process that uses computer technology, operational strategy and managerial accountability to structure the manner in which a police
department provides crime–central service." (ACCOUNTABILITY police). Those in leadership positions are held accountable for addressing
problems within their area of geographic responsibility. COMPSTAT is meant to promote accountability through the focused used data in police staff
meeting. Commander during the COMPSTAT meeting must justify their decision and are held accountable for solving the problems that is affecting
the areas under their command. In each district crime is broken down and analyzed by type of crime to identify the place of occurrence data can tell
the time of day, day of week, and week of the year the crime occurred. Information is displayed on maps about current crimes activities and the previous
month's. "COMPSTAT is one of the most important innovation in police accountability." (Walker
–Katz page, 464). Supervision, accountability is the
key to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Police chiefs are held accountable for any problems within their department. Service contract was develop to hold police accountable for any
misconduct in the department. Accountability and the police behavior being closely viewed by the civilian review boards and by the courts will
continue to act as a venue for debating and establishing standards for the police departments. "The judicial branch is an important but indirect part of
the political process. Courts at all levels of government play some role in holding the police accountable." (Walker–Katz; page

Predictive Policing Essay
Predictive Policing
Kenneth Klutse
STRAYER UNIVERSITY
Information System
CIS/500
Dr. James A McCray
April 14, 2012
1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments' performance to reduce crime versus random
patrols of the streets. 2. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions: 1. Input 2. Processing 3.
Output 4. Feedback 3. Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to
crime faster. 4. Apply the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis) on behalf of police... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Historically, technological innovation has served as the substance for intense changes in the organization of police work and has presented both
opportunities and challenges to police and other criminal justice practitioners, according to Janet Chan, a social scientist who has studied how
information technology affects the way police do their jobs.1 Noting that .information is the stock–in– trade of policing,. Chan has identified three
general imperatives driving law enforcement's evening investment in information technology. Using information technology in policing has add that
more efficiency to the police department. Comparing the old–fashioned way of patrolling the streets to combat crime to then use them of using
technology to predict the crime area and patrolling in advance deters crimes from happening. There are many advantages associated with using
information technology in policing. Comparative analysis shows that using information technology (IT) to combat crime has save lot of resources and
time in the police department. There are a number of other advantages that can be associated with the use of information technology in the police
department.
For instance they use of Automated Field Reporting System by the police department has eradicated the use of hand writing of reports at the field by
the Police Officers. Officers completed handwritten incident reports in the field and

Problem Oriented Policing Paper
Problem oriented policing is geared toward solving problems. The first step in problem oriented policing is the identification and selection of a
problem. One method of identifying, analyzing and selecting a problem is known as SARA. The acronym SARA stands for scanning, analysis,
response, and assessment (Cronkhite, 2013). The Center for Problem Oriented Policing has several problem–specific guides for different problems that
police and a community may face. The guides cover a variety of subjects ranging from burglary to gas drive offs. Each guide discusses the problem
and factors involved and offers suggestions derived from police report and research of the problem (Center for Problem–Oriented Policing, n.d.).
The guide that was examined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CompStat allows police agencies to examine individual neighborhoods, or police precincts, and determine what problems need to be solved.
CompStat involves the public by seeing them as the stakeholders (Cronkhite, 2013). The stakeholders, or public, are then involved in determining
what the problems are in their area. CompStat then holds the commanding officer accountable for what is occurring in the areas under his command.
CompStat also helps decentralize police command by empowering precinct commanders the freedom to solve the problems. This leads to new ideas
and innovations that was not possible when decisions were made by a centralized command structure. Park and Barthe (2015) see CompStat as part
of the SARA process being an integral part of identifying problems. CompStat has made police aware that statistics do have a place in policing and
used correctly can lead to a reduction in crime and client satisfaction. Police officers in departments using concepts of problem oriented policing were
found to be able to solve problems in their area by giving them the freedom to analyze problems and develop solutions (Park & Bathe,

Compstat
Using Information and Information Technology in Policing
Information Technology (IT) is the technology side of an information system. In order for police departments to be able to manage their resources in
combating crime in their areas they will have to adapt to new technologies. One of these technologies is CompStat which stands for comparative
statistics. CompStat made its first appearance in 1994 in New York City. Since then manypolice departments have implemented the CompStat system.
Once a police officer makes an arrest they have to fill out a report. This report must be as accurate as possible because the information that is obtained
from this report will be entered into the CompStat system. The CompStat system has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are four basic principles that allow them to respond to crime faster. These principles are timely an accurate intelligence, along with effective
tactics, rapid deployment, relentless follow–up and assessment. These four basic principles have to happen on a continuous basis in order for the
whole system to be effective. This is why management must play a key role in the use, and implementation of CompStat. This is one of the main
differences between private enterprise and the public sector is the bottom line of positive returns. If a business implements an unsuccessful strategy or
provides an unacceptable level of customer service, it is not long before it becomes a failed business. Much like a business, the bottom line with
CompStat is results. (Shawnee P.D. 2012)
CompStat has much strength in preventive policing. Some of these strengths are being able to predict where and when crimes will be committed, and
as a result of this it allows police department to allocate the proper resources to deal with the crime. This is very important because it saves time and
money on these resources, and allows for more effective policing. These strengths help the police departments in other ways as well. Police
departments have to operate inside of a budget, and this has an effect on manpower, operations, and resources. CompStat will help them with their
bottom line

Predictive Policing Essay
Predictive Policing
Dr. Janet Durgin
Information Systems for Decision Making
October 20, 2013
Introduction Predictive policing refers to any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses and advanced analysis to inform forward–thinking crime
prevention. predictive policing is done through software called PredPol. It takes crime data, runs it through an algorithm, and then generates these
maps. The maps tell police where crimes might happen –– before they take place.
Police can spend extra time in the areas at risk for crime, the thinking goes, and prevent those crimes from ever occurring. This paper will Compare and
contrast the application of information
technology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The methods are transferable, compatible, and replicable in any organization or environment. In a police organization, CompStat functions as a crime
control process manifested in recurring meetings, usually weekly, during which the agency's performance indicators are reviewed critically for
opportunities for improvement. This organizational management philosophy, concept and tool combines a classic problem–solving model with
accountability at all levels of organization. At the core of the process is an examination and review of an organization's status as revealed by
quantifiable statistical indicators. In a police environment, this means analyzing numbers and locations of crimes and arrests as well as suspects,
victims, days and times of criminal activity, and so forth, to identify crime patterns, clusters, suspects, and hot spots. Strategies are then formulated to
counter increasing incidences of crime. The CompStat process encourages creativity in creating strategies, allocating resources, and deploying police
personnel while holding managers and employees accountable for confronting the problems of crime proactively. The CompStat process can be
described as a two–pronged examination of police operations. first prong looks outwardly at crime and its effects in the community, while the second
examines the organization internally to identify best practices in managing such police personnel and risk

The Use Of Technology And Officer Education
During the early days of American law enforcement, there were very few guidelines, or policies in place that governed the police forces (Bohm, 2010).
It was not uncommon for police officers to pay for their appointments through political connections, which led to the widespread corruption that was
common during this time frame. It was not until the early 1900s that the movement began to reform police departments, and to try and put an end to
this corruption. One of these movements was led by August Vollmer. August Vollmer was appointed to the position of Chief of Police in Berkeley,
California in 1909, a position he would hold until 1932 (Bohm, 2010). Vollmer was a progressive thinker who saw the need for reform in the police...
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This was based on data such as calls for service, response times, and crime rates in a given area (Bohm, 2010). It is this last area of reform where we
can see the relationship between Vollmer's ideas, and the creation of Community Oriented Policing and Compstat. In Vollmer's view, he saw the need to
move policing from a community service oriented job, to a crime fighting, crime reduction job focus (Bohm, 2010). The advent of Community Oriented
Policing is changing the attitudes of police administrators, and is causing them to revert back, or adopt, a service oriented method of policing. During
the last century, police reformers, such as Vollmer, moved policing in the direction of crime fighting, not just providing services to the community. In
this way, Community Oriented Policing rejects the ideas of Vollmer, and other reformers, who created the professional model of policing which was
common place (Walker, 2012). The community oriented model of policing puts the focus by on providing services to the community, not just
responding to calls and chasing criminals (Bohm, 2010). By forming partnerships with the community which they serve, the police are providing
services other than just crime fighting. While crime may be an issue to some in the community, it may not be the most important issue to the majority.
By working with the public to solve these other issues, the police are providing services to the community,

The Birth Of Compost: A Case Study
In his new position, Maple introduced his new computerized Charts of the Future. For the first time, precinct commanders were held accountable for
crimes in their area (Dussault, 1999). And for the first time that anyone could remember, crime in New York City began to decline. But, this was also
the birth of COMPSTAT. COMPSTAT (or COMSTAT, it goes by both names) is a process by which
crime statistics are collected, computerized,
mapped and disseminated quickly. Officers are held responsible for the crime in their areas, and all crimes, including the "quality of life" infractions
like loitering or public intoxication, are pursued aggressively. The program not only led to dramatic crime reductions inNew York City, but became the
talk of squad

Essay on Predictive Policing
Information technology has advanced in multiple ways in society, where organizations has implement the structure into their work environment.
Industries have outsource their manufacturing to other places in the world and rely on telecommunication to keep the marketing. The geographic
distribution has changed significantly by reducing the distance it takes to complete an operation, due to information technology. These are just a couple
of examples of how this advanced technology has reshape our society and continuing. The New YorkPolice Department has structured some
information technology applications to help optimize their firm performance in reducing crime versus patrols in the street. Some of the implications
involved in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the State of New York, fusion center is a perfect example of information technology optimizing their performance in reducing crime within their
police departments. The New York/New Jersey High Intensity Drug Trafficking Center serves as an information hub for law enforcement. According to
(Johnson, 2008), the mass of intelligence data in the central location has proved to be a key factor in identifying individuals and organizations that are
facilitating or carrying out terrorist activity in New York City.
On the other hand, random patrols of the streets is the older method in preventing crime in geographical locations. The random patrol of the streets was
set for pre–determined pattern of crime in design locations. After repeated research of this method alone, it has been address the method demonstrates
how deployment models have been repeatedly use to access the quality of district designs, without the suggested method of optimally determining
those designs. According to (Karen, 2007), there were more issues that occur when given combinatorial complexity of deployment solution
procedure; when information technology were not involved. Dating back 15 years before 2004, less optimal determination of patrol areas were
directed when police make calls for design patrol areas, in maximal coverage and backup when crime occurred (Karen, 2007).
Computer Statistics (COMPSTAT), change the attitude

Depicting the Various Traits and Characteristics of...
Depicting the Various Traits and Characteristics of Leadership in Literature
When discussing any triumphant or flourishing organization or institution, the main attribute which will always surface when examining the true fabric
of what allows a particular organization or institution to excel, will always be leadership. Leadership is portrayed at its pinnacle in William Bratton's
Turnaround, Rudolph Giuliani's book Leadership, Oren Harari's book The Leadership Secrets of Colin Powell, and David Lipsky's book Absolutely
American: Four Years at West Point. In each of these works, the author does an exceptional job of depicting the varioustraits and characteristics
necessary for being a powerful and effective leader.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bratton realized the task at hand and that it would not be easy. He knew he was given the number one police job in the country as the
commissioner of the NYPD, and he was ready. He knew that nothing would be possible without the support of his police officers. Morale was one
of the big reasons that the NYPD was so run down upon Bratton's arrival. He set out to the 103rd precinct in Queens to let them know that things
are about to change. Bratton carefully selected this precinct as the one he would utilize in making his initial presence felt. Morale was
exceptionally low in this precinct due to the murder of Officer Ed Byrne. In February of 1988 Officer Byrne was sitting in his patrol car guarding
the home of a man who had informed on a drug dealer when he was shot to death by drug dealers. That was a vicious indicator of the life and times
of police officers during that era, and Bratton knew it. As Bratton's first "official act" as police commissioner, he stood in front of the 103 and
began: "I said when I took this job that we would take this city back for the good people that live here, neighborhood by neighborhood, block by
block, house by house. But I'm going to need your help in doing that. I'm going to need all of you in the game. I want my cops to be cops. I want
them to be assertive. I don't want them walking by or looking the other way when they see something. No matter what the old rules were, I expect you
to see something and take proper police

Juvenile Delinquency : A Serious Concern For Many Law...
Youth gang members are a serious concern for many law enforcement agencies. Gangs can be defined as a group of individuals who meet on a
routinely basis, whom have an identifiable and organized leadership, whom claim control of specific territories, and whom are often involved in
violence or other illegal activities (Miller, 1975). Juveniles are the perfect targets to be recruited by gangs according to the National Gang Intelligence
Center (2011). This is due to a variety of factors, many of which include the youths' vulnerability and susceptibility to being recruited, their
aggressiveness, and the less severe sentences juveniles are likely to face if caught. Understanding youth gang involvement is especially important in
the field of juvenile delinquency because a significant percentage of serious juvenile delinquency is committed by gang members. On average,
approximately 48% of violent crimes in most jurisdictions were committed by gang members, and some jurisdictions saw gangs being responsible
for as much as 90% of violent crimes (National Gang Intelligence Center, 2011). Besides increasing the likelihood of delinquency, youth gang
membership also increases the likelihood of victimization for juveniles (Franzese, Covey, & Menard, 2016). New male members are traditionally
"jumped in," and females have been victims of rape in order to be accepted. Franzese and colleagues. (2016) suggest, however, that many gangs have
adopted more informal methods to introduce

Essay About Crime And Police Department

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