This document provides an overview of art history from prehistoric times through the Realism movement of the 19th century. It covers major periods and styles including Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Romanticism, and Realism. For each period, it highlights dominant themes in painting, sculpture and architecture, and provides examples of influential artists and their works. The document serves as a high-level introduction to the progression of Western art and artistic styles over thousands of years.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
Modern art part 1
1. ART 3
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Modern Art Unit
“What is it?”
“A kindergardner could make that!”
“Why would anyone do THAT?”
-Jackson Pollock-Action Painter
2. Factors That Influence Art In
Any Culture
• Geography
• Economics
• Religion
Politics
Society
3. Pre-Historic
Artwork was created to record
history and as a form of
expression
Painting: Cave Paintings
Sculpture: Fetishes
Architecture: Post and Lintel
4. PREHISTORIC 35,000 BCE-2000 BCE
• Pre-historic art discovered from up to 35,000 years ago
• Artwork was created to record history and as a form of
expression**
• Cave paintings were oldest form of paint in a watercolor
medium*
• Creation of post and lintel architectural forms – doorway
structures*
• Caves of Lascaux - oldest known cave paintings
7. Stonehenge
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Post and Lintel - based on religion
Giant carved stones - megaliths - based on religion
Fetishes - small carved stones
Petroglyphs - stone carvings
8. EGYPTIAN:
Art of continuity, stability, and
order
Painting: Wall Painting,
Heiroglyphics
Sculpture: Pharoahs, Sphinx
Architecture: Pyramids
9. EGYPTIAN 3000-800 BC
Art of continuity, stability, and
order**
-Pyramids, obelisk, heiroglyphics*
Religion based on resurrection of the soul in the spirit world
-Pharoahs were living gods in Old period
-Art had “rules” and did not change = established by priests
for continuity, order, and eternity**-
16. GREEK 800-100 BC
• Physical beauty over perfection=perfection of state
through perfection of individual**
• Golden mean - Ideal proportion: developed by Greeks and
used by Renaissance artists to modern day for
composition*
• Architecture, sculpture, columns, vases*
• Idealized realism and emotion
23. ROMAN:
Known for realism and character in their sculpture –
incorporated Greek developments – great
architectrual and engineering achievements
Painting: Wall paintings/Frescoe
Sculpture: Realistic busts/Virism
Architecture: Arch, Aqueduct,
Colloseum, Pantheon
24. ROMAN 500 BC-300AD
Known for realism and character in their sculpture – incorporated Greek
developments – great architectrual and engineering achievemnts**
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Greatest contribution was architecture and engineering
Government
Arch - rounded doorway – KEYSTONE*
Dome*
Aqueduct
Colliseum – gladiator games AD80
35. MEDIEVAL:
Age of Faith
Painting: Illuminated Manuscripts
Mosaics
Sculpture: Ireland’s High Crosses
Architecture: Monasteries, Basilica
Plan
36. EARLY CHRISTIAN
MEDIEVAL/Dark Ages
AGE OF FAITH: 500-1000AD
• Religious subject matter**
• Bible, illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, castles*
• Mosaics=compositions made up of tiny bits of stone or
glass - forerunner to stained glass windows
• Present day languages, universities, libraries, bookmaking,
“Age of Faith”, monasteries
45. ROMANESQUE
In the Roman Manner
(describes early medieval Euopean church
architecture)
Intense period of church building
Painting: Murals
Sculpture: Portals, Reliquaries
Architecture: Pilgrimage Churches
Castles
46. ROMANESQUE 1050-1200AD
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Intense period of church**
building - the beginning of
churches as we know them
today
*Cathedrals were dark and
heavy, with few windows
Based on Basillica plan
Unchecked warfare led to
evolvement of castles
50. Cathedral interiors-Romanesque
• Crypt of cathedral: Burgandy, France
• Interior: Toscany, Italy
• Churches in middle of villages surrounded by
walls for protection
58. GOTHIC:
Name given by later critics meaning vulgar and
barbarian** because era did not hold true to Greek
and Roman ideals
Painting: Stained Glass Windows
Sculpture: Church “Items” - Pulpit
Architecture: Pointed Arch, Flying
Buttresses, Cathedrals
59. GOTHIC 1100-1400
Name given by later critics meaning vulgar and barbarian**
because era did not hold true to Greek and Roman ideals
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Move towards lightness and grace**
Growth of trade and cities
End to feudal system: main interest
Still Christianity
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
60. Gothic-Stained Glass Windows*
• Added light to cathedrals
• Stories of the bible
• Minerals added to molten glass to attain bold
colors
73. RENAISSANCE:
Re-Birth: return to the classics of Greek and Roman
art
Painting: Perspective – 3 geniuses
Sculpture: Gates of Paradise
Architecture: Florence Cathedral
74. RENAISSANCE
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Re-Birth: return to the classics of Greek and Roman art**
High Renaissance: Ninja Turtles! – the 3 biggies
*Artistic geniuses: Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
*Age of painting
*Oil Paint- invention of oil paint: completely opens up the world to
painting
*Perspective - creating depth on a 2-d surface
Artists raised to own class, instead of craftsmen
Philosophers, writers, scientists, and artists - principles based on
science and math
**Ballet/tap invented, invention of printing press, 12-note music scale
104. MANNERISM- 1500s
• Italian = manner or style**
• Revolt against the Renaissance- art of 16th
century**
• Art appealing to the emotions –
• -Distortion, acidic use of colors, twisted
positionioning, dramatic contrasts
• Protestant Reformation*
108. BAROQUE -1600s
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Exaggerated motion, overt emotion,
drama, vivid contrast**
Pushed by the Catholic church in
response to the Protestant Reformation
using direct and emotional involvement:
Counter Reformation*
Aristocracy concerned with impressing
visitors – opulent
Shakespeare, Bach, Opera, Miltions
Paradise Lost, Contrapposto*
French Salon Soceity, Louis XIV,
Palace of Versaille*
-Rule by Divine Right
109. Rubens
• -Richness of color and ornamentation with
emphasis on dynamic works that presented
imagery in the most dramatic way possible
118. DUTCH ART – 1600s
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“Genre Painting” - scenes from everyday life**
No market for religious paintings
Expressive work*
Patrons wanted works portraying their lives
122. ROCOCCO-1750 France
Reaction against grandeur of Baroque-King Louis XIV
• Subjects of love and romance, playful and witty
• Ornamental and decorative**
• Like Baroque, with greater control and elegance
• Academies (schools), Salons (art shows)*
• French: rocaille=stone, coquilles=shells
• Barroco=irregular pearl
123. Academies and Salon Shows
Academies = established art schools such as the Royal
Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris. Provided
instruction and sponsored exhibitions and exerted great
control over the art scene
Salons = annual exhibitions sponsored by the acedemies
which were subsidized by the government and supported
limited range of artistic freedom. The shows focused on
traditional subjects and highly polished techniques.
126. NEO-CLASSICAL
late 1700s
• Return to the classics of
Greek and Roman art**
• Emphasis on subject and
realistic style
• David’s “Oath of the
Horatti”
• Era ushered in with the
French Revolution
• Emphasized line, order,
and cool detachment
128. ROMANTICISM
Late 1700’s – mid 1800’s
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Reaction to the Industrial
Revolution
Revolt against aristocactic
social and political norms.
*Strong emotion as an authentic
source of the aesthetic
experience – horror, terror, awe
Intuition and emotion over
enlightened rationalism**
French revolution
Exotic themes
Beethoven, Chopin, Wagner
129. ROMANTICISM
• Awe-inspiring *“fake” compositions based on nature**
• Art periods become shorter and start to run together, and
artists span many “schools” due to longer life
• Ideas came from writers and philosophers
141. REALISM 1850-1900
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Reaction against Romanticism
Re-evaluation of reality where artists felt that only the things of ones
own lifetime are real
Depicted everyday life and the out-of-doors*
Disaproved of historical and fictional subjects because they were not
real and visible and therefore not of the present world
Painting in “pleine aire”*
Beginning of new techniques*
Humankind seems to have originated in Africa
Paleolithic – old stone age – profile view of animals (side that shows the most information)
Sculptures are mainly of women thought to be because of their child-bearing capabilities and therefore the survival of the species
Transient society
Found accidentally
Hands were signatures?
The images brought hunters luck, helped them control the animals, served as teaching tools, insured the survival of the herds?
3 major periods
Pharoahs were living gods in Old Period
Religion based around resurrection of the soul –Ka was persons spirit that re-entered body after death preparations
Pharoahs took worldly goods with them to the afterlife
Pyramids built as tomb for pharoahs and monument to the gods
Menkaure’s Pyramid
The Sphinx – ½ man, ½ lion represented pharoahs
Birthplace of western civilization
Political ideals similar to contemporary democracy
Poetry, drama, philosophy
*Buddha, Great Wall of China, Rome founded
Archaic(rigid) – Early Classical(movement), High Classical –Late Classical – Hellenstic( dramatic)
