Pictures and Details of different art styles and periods across time

1. ART STYLES
AND PERIODS

2. EGYPTIAN
ART
Great Sphinx & Great Pyramid of Giza
Golden Death Mask of Tutankhamon
Painted sunt relief of a king being embraced by a goddess
(Tomb of Amenherkhepshef)

3. EGYPTIAN ART
• 3200-1340 BC - Art in ancient Egyptian civilization was art for the dead. The Egyptians built
tombs, pyramids (elaborate tombs), the Sphinx (a tomb) and decorated tombs with
colorful pictures of the gods they believed ruled in the afterlife. In general, Egyptian art
focused on glorifying the gods and facilitating human passage into the after-life. It was the
earliest and longest living of all in ancient art forms around the Mediterranean. Other
features unique to the art of Ancient Egypt include its writing script based on pictures and
symbols (hieroglyphics), and its meticulous hieratic style of painting and stone carving.
Paintings done on the wall,stones, papyrus. Statues, coffins, masks, costume, jars(Anubis
jars). Much of the surviving art comes from tombs and monuments and thus there is an
emphasis on life after death and the preservation of knowledge of the past. Egyptian book
of the dead scroll. Cartouches, pottery, canopic jars,
Egyptian
(3100 b.c.–30
b.c.)
Art with an afterlife
focus: pyramids and
tomb painting
Imhotep, Step Pyramid,
Great Pyramids, Bust of
Nefertiti
Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100
b.c.); Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274
b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.)

4. ANCIENT
GREEK
The Parthenon
Artemissian Bronze(left)
The Winged Victory of Samothrace(right)
Vase paintings (left)
The Pitsa panels,
Archaic Greek period (right)

5. ANCIENT GREEK
• 800-323 BC - The Greeks introduced humanistic education,
which is reflected in their art. Ceramics, painting,
architecture and sculpture evolved into elaborate, highly
crafted and decorated objects which glorified the greatest
creation of all: humans. The era of Greek art falls into the
period of classical antiquity. Fresco murals, encaustic panel
paintings, sculpture and ceramics flourish are some art
forms in this period.
Greek and
Hellenistic (850
b.c.–31 b.c.)
Greek idealism: balance,
perfect proportions;
architectural orders(Doric,
Ionic, Corinthian)
Parthenon, Myron,
Phidias,
Polykleitos,
Praxiteles
Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490
b.c.); Peloponnesian Wars (431 b.c.–404
b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests
(336 b.c.–323 b.c.)

6. ANCIENT
ROMAN
Roman Coliseum
Pompeii fresco painting
Augustus of Primaporta
Pantheon Pair of Centaurs Fighting Cats of Prey
from Hadrian's Villa, mosaic,

7. CLASSICAL ROMAN
• 509 BC-337 AD - As the Romans rose to prominence, they first
attempted to wipe out Etruscan art, followed by numerous attacks on
Greek art. Borrowing freely from these two conquered cultures, with
heavy influences by Hellenistic Greek sculptures and paintings, the
Romans created their own style, one which increasingly stood
for power. Architecture became monumental, sculptures depicted re-
named gods, goddesses and prominent Citizens and, in painting, the
landscape was introduced and frescos became enormous.
Roman (500
b.c.– a.d.
476)
Roman realism:
practical and down
to earth; the arch
Augustus of Primaporta,
Colosseum, Trajan's
Column, Pantheon
Julius Caesar assassinated (44 b.c.);
Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.);
Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); Rome falls
(a.d. 476)

8. GOTHICFrench late Gothic frescos
The Western (Royal) Portal , Chartres Cathedral sculptures
Reims Cathedral, France

9. GOTHIC
• 1140-1600. Gothic art was a style of Medieval art that developed in Northern France out
of Romanesque art in 12th century AD. It spread to all of Western Europe, never quite
effacing more classical styles in Italy. "Gothic" was first coined to describe this era's style of
architecture. The Gothic period is essentially defined by its Gothic architecture. Its
characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic
architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the
great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe and also by many castles, palaces, town
halls, guild halls, universities. The gothic arch allowed great, soaring cathedrals to be built,
which were then decorated with the new technology of stained glass including St. Denis
(1140), Notre Dame (1160), Chartres (1194), Reims (1211), Canterbury (1100),
Westminster Abbey (1245), Cologne. Primary media in the Gothic period also
included sculpture, panel painting, stained glass, fresco, illuminated manuscripts. Painting
in a style that can be called Gothic did not appear until about 1200, or nearly 50 years
after the origins of Gothic architecture and sculpture.
Middle
Ages
(500–
1400)
Celtic art, Carolingian
Renaissance,
Romanesque, Gothic
St. Sernin, Durham
Cathedral, Notre Dame,
Chartres, Cimabue,
Duccio, Giotto
Viking Raids (793–1066); Battle of
Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV (1095–
1204); Black Death (1347–1351); Hundred
Years' War (1337–1453)

10. RENAISSANCE
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper (original)
Dome of ST. Peter’s Church
Left: David by Michelangelo (High Renaissance)
Right: Bronze David by Donatello (Early Renaissance)

11. RENAISSANCE
• Renaissance art emerged as a distinct style during the Golden Age of Florence. The Medici
family spent lavishly for the glory and beautification of their Republic. Many of the new
ideas and attitudes that marked the Renaissance times were portrayed in art. A new idea
called humanism put a focus on human interests, needs, and abilities. Art in turn became
more individualized. New techniques and styles include perspective, balance and
proportion, use of light and dark and sfumato (blurring lines) used in Leonarda da Vinci’s
Mona Lisa. Renaissance art is often divided up into 2 periods: Early Renaissance (1400-
1479) emulate classical artists focusing on symmetry and creating the perfect form. Artists:
Giotto, Masaccio, and Donatello; and High Renaissance (1475-1525) - interest in
perspective and space gave the art even more realism. Artists: Michelangelo, Leonardo da
Vinci, and Rafael. Renaissance style and architecture places emphasis on symmetry,
proportion and geometry.
Early and High
Renaissance
(1400–1550)
Rebirth of
classical
culture
Ghiberti's Doors,
Brunelleschi, Donatello,
Botticelli, Leonardo,
Michelangelo, Raphael
Gutenberg invents movable type (1447);
Turks conquer Constantinople (1453);
Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin
Luther starts Reformation (1517)

12. EARLY RENAISSANCE
• Famous painting: The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from
Paradise by Masaccio. Dome of Florence cathedral designed
by Filippo Brunellesci. Iconic bronze David made by sculptor
Donatello. Famous mythological painting: The Birth of
Venus by Sandro Botticelli. Famous example of linear
perspective: Lamentation Over the Dead Christ by
Mantegna.

13. HIGH RENAISSANCE
• First masterpiece of High Renaissance painting: The Last
Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci. Highpoint of Italian
Renaissance sculpture: Michelangelo creates David in
Florence. Leonardo paints the Mona Lisa, one of
the greatest Renaissance paintings. Work begins on redesign
and rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. Michelangelo
paints the Genesis Old Testament Sistine Chapel frescoes.
Raphael works on paintings for the papal apartments.

14. BAROQUETrevi Fountain, Rome by Salvi , finished by Bracci
Calling of St. Matthew by Caravaggio
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini

15. BAROQUE
• 1600-1750. Baroque Art is noted for its grandeur. Its bold dramatic and often
colourful Baroque Painting (by Caravaggio, Rubens, Velazquez, Caranacci), optical illusions
(by Pozzo) and portraits (by Van Dyck, Rembrandt), as well as sculptures (by Bernini), are
used by secular rulers to buttress their absolutism, and by the Catholic Church as a form of
propaganda. The Baroque style started with the Catholic Church that wanted its religious
paintings to become more emotional and dramatic. In Baroque art there was generally
action and movement. Angels flew, people fought, crowds cowered in fear, and saints rose
to the heavens. Baroque sculptures were often made of rich materials such as colorful
marble, bronze, or even gilded with gold. Baroque art in Protestant countries takes a more
down-to-earth style, focusing on portraits and still-lifes enhancing the status of the owner.
Artists of the Baroque period introduced human emotions, passion and new scientific
understanding to their works - many of which retained religious themes. In architecture,
new emphasis was placed on bold massing, colonnades, domes, light-and-shade
(chiaroscuro), 'painterly' color effects, and the bold play of volume and void.
Baroque
(1600–1750)
Splendor and flourish for God;
art as a weapon in the religious
wars
Reubens, Rembrandt,
Caravaggio, Palace of
Versailles
Thirty Years' War between
Catholics and Protestants
(1618–1648)

16. ART NOUVEAU
Louis Tiffany lamp
Le Chat Noir poster by Theophile Steinlen
Singer House in St. Petersburg, Russia

17. ART NOUVEAU
• Art Nouveau ( French for new art) is an international style of art,
architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that was
most popular during 1890–1910. It was inspired by natural forms and
structures, not only in flowers and plants, but also in curved lines. Art
Nouveau is considered a "total" art style, embracing
architecture, graphic art, interior design, and most of the decorative arts
including jewellery, furniture, textiles, household silver and other
utensils and lighting, as well as the fine arts. Although Art Nouveau was
replaced by 20th-century Modernist styles, it is now considered as an
important transition between the eclectic historic revival styles of the
19th-century and Modernism. Decorative "whiplash" motifs, formed by
dynamic, undulating, and flowing lines in a syncopated rhythm, are
found throughout the architecture, painting, sculpture, and other forms
of Art Nouveau design.
• In architecture, hyperbolas and parabolas in windows, arches, and doors
are common, and decorative mouldings 'grow' into plant-derived forms.
Other media in this period include: mass-produced graphic prints,
posters, advertisements, magazines, glass art (vases, lamps,bowls),
jewelries, ceramics,

18. ART DECO1941 Packard Custom Super Eight One-Eighty Formal sedan
Art Deco spire of the Chrysler Building in New York City(left)
Radio City Music Hall, New York (right)
Tamara de Lempicka, "The Musician", 1929 (oil on canvas)

19. ART DECO
• Art Deco, also called as style modern, is an influential visual
arts design style that first appeared in France after World
War I, flourishing internationally in the 1920s, 1930s, and
1940s. Art Deco design represented modernism turned into
fashion. It is an eclectic style that combines
traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery and
materials. The style is often characterized by rich colors,
bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation but having
a simple, clean and “streamlined” look.
• Deco emerged from the Interwar period when rapid
industrialization was transforming culture. One of its major
attributes is an embrace of technology. This distinguishes
Deco from the organic motifs favored by its predecessor Art
Nouveau. Art Deco represented luxury, glamour,
exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.

20. ROMANTICISM
Third of May 1808, Francisco
Goya (1814)
The Wanderer Above the Sea and
Fog (Caspar David Friedrich)
The Titan's Goblet (Thomas Cole)

21. ROMANTICISM
• Romanticism was a cultural movement that started in Europe toward the end of
the 18th century to the mid-19th century. It marked the end of the Baroque
period. It was somewhat of a reaction to the Industrial Revolution which
occurred during the same time period. Romantic art focused on emotions,
feelings, and moods of all kinds. The subject matter varied widely including
introduction of landscapes, religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty. The
brushwork for romantic art became looser and less precise -rejects the precepts
of order, calm, balance of Neo-Classic art. Also, the movement placed new
emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.
Artists: William Blake, Thomas Cole, Caspar David Friedrich, Henry Fuseli,
Francisco Goya. In these period also rose literatures by Edgar Allan Poe, William
Wordsworth, and John Keats.
Romanticism
(1780–1850)
The triumph of
imagination and
individuality
Caspar Friedrich,
Gericault, Delacroix,
Turner, Benjamin West
American Revolution (1775–1783);
French Revolution (1789–1799);
Napoleon crowned emperor of France
(1803)

22. REALISM
The Gleaners (Jean Francois Millet)
Young Women from the Village (Gustave Courbet)
The Fox Hunt (Winslow Homer)

23. REALISM
• Realism was an art movement that revolted against the emotional and
exaggerated themes of Romanticism. Artists and writers began to
explore the reality of everyday life. The Realism movement lasted
around forty years from 1840 to 1880. It followed the Romanticism
movement and came before Modern Art. Realism artists tried to depict
the real world exactly as it appears. They painted everyday subjects and
people. They didn't try to interpret the setting or add emotional
meaning to the scenes. Famous Realism Era Artists include: Courbet,
Thomas Eakins, Winslow Homer, Edouard Manet, and Jean-Francois
Millet. Unlike some other artistic movements, there was little sculpture
or architecture as part of this movement.
Realism
(1848–1900)
Celebrating working class and
peasants; en plein air rustic painting
Corot, Courbet,
Daumier, Millet
European democratic
revolutions of 1848

24. IMPRESSIONISM
__________

25. IMPRESSIONISM
• 1860s-1880 - Impressionism
• Where Realism moved away from form, Impressionism
threw form out the window. The Impressionists lived up to
their name (which they themselves certainly hadn't coined):
Art was impression, and as such could be rendered wholly
through light and color. The world was first outraged by
their effrontery, then accepting. With acceptance came the
end of Impressionism as a movement. Mission
accomplished, art was free to spread out now in any way it
chose.
Impressionism
(1865–1885)
Capturing fleeting
effects of natural light
Monet, Manet, Renoir,
Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot,
Degas
Franco-Prussian War (1870–
1871); Unification of Germany
(1871)

26. EXPRESSIONISM
The Scream, Edward Munch The Large Red Horses, Franz Marc
Lady in a Green Jacket, August Macke

27. EXPRESSIONISM
• 1890-1939. The Fauves ("wild beasts") were French painters led by Matisse and
Rouault. The movement they created, with its wild colors and depictions of
primitive objects and people, became known as Expressionism. The
Expressionist movement started in Germany. These artists wanted to paint
about emotion. It could be anger, anxiety, fear, or peacefulness. This wasn't a
completely new idea in art though. Expressionist art tried to convey emotion
and meaning rather than reality. Each artist had their own unique way of
"expressing" their emotions in their art. In order to express emotion, the
subjects are often distorted or exaggerated. At the same time colors are often
vivid and shocking. Artists: Max Beckman, Ensor, Kokoschka, August Macke,
Franz Marc, Edvard Munch, Egon Schiele.
Fauvism and
Expressionism (1900–
1935)
Harsh colors and flat surfaces
(Fauvism); emotion distorting
form
Matisse, Kirchner,
Kandinsky, Marc
Boxer Rebellion in China
(1900); World War (1914–
1918)

28. CUBISM
Portarit of Picasso by Juan Gris
Georges Braque, 1910, Violin and Candlestick,
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles
d'Avignon,

29. CUBISM
• 1905-1939 Cubism was an early-20th century avant-garde and innovative
art movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. In
Cubism, artists began to look at subjects in new ways in an effort to
depict three-dimensions on a flat canvas. They would break up the
subject into many different shapes and then repaint it from different
angles. Cubism paved the way for many different modern movements of
art in the 20th century. There were two types: Analytic (break subject
into different blocks) and Synthetic ( which introduced the idea of
adding in other materials in a collage). Other artists: Juan Gris,
Metzinger and Leger.
Cubism, Futurism,
Supremativism,
Constructivism, De Stijl
(1905–1920)
Pre– and Post–World War 1
art experiments: new forms to
express modern life
Picasso, Braque,
Leger, Boccioni,
Severini, Malevich
Russian Revolution
(1917); American
women franchised
(1920)

30. DADAISM
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada
Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar
Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany,
1919, collage of pasted papers,

31. DADAISM
• Dadaism or Dada was an avant-garde art movement that began in
Zurich, Switzerland in 1916. Dada was born out of negative reaction to the
horrors of World War I. Dada rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense,
irrationality and intuition. The origin of the name Dada is unclear; some believe
that it is a nonsensical word. Others maintain that it originates from the
Romanian artists Tristan Tzara's and Marcel Janco's frequent use of the words
"da, da," meaning "yes, yes" in the Romanian language. The movement
primarily involved visual arts, literature, poetry, art manifestoes, art
theory, theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics
through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural
works. In addition to being anti-war, Dada was also anti-bourgeois and had
political affinities with the radical left.
Dada and
Surrealism(1917–
1950)
Ridiculous art;
painting dreamsand
exploring the
unconscious
Duchamp, Dalí,
Ernst, Magritte, de
Chirico, Kahlo
Disillusionment after World War I; The
Great Depression (1929–1938); World War
II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic
bombs dropped on Japan (1945)

32. SURREALISM
Max Ernst, The Elephant Celebes (1921),
Giorgio de Chirico's The Red Tower
The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali

33. SURREALISM
• 1922-1939. Surrealism was born out from Dada of Switzerland. It
began as a philosophical movement that said: “the way to find truth in
the world was through the subconscious mind and dreams, rather than
through logical thought”. Surrealism images explored the subconscious
areas of the mind. The artwork often made little sense as it was usually
trying to depict a dream or random thoughts. It was all about
uncovering the hidden meaning of dreams and expressing the
subconscious. Surrealism means “above realism”. Famous artists include
Salvador Dali, Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, Marcel Duchanmp, Rene
Magritte.
Dada and
Surrealism(1917–
1950)
Ridiculous art;
painting dreamsand
exploring the
unconscious
Duchamp, Dalí,
Ernst, Magritte, de
Chirico, Kahlo
Disillusionment after World War I; The
Great Depression (1929–1938); World War
II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic
bombs dropped on Japan (1945)

34. EXPRESSIONISM
Jackson Pollock, No. 5, 1948
Louise Bourgeois, Maman, 1999,
Mark Tobey, Canticle,1954.
ABSTRACT

35. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
• The Abstract Art movement took place in the New York City, United
States in 1941 after World War II. In its purest form, Abstract Art has no
subject. It is just lines, shapes, and colors. The Abstract Art movement is
called Abstract Expressionism because, although the art has no subject,
it is still trying to convey some kind of emotion. The main characteristic
of abstract art is that it has no recognizable subject. Some Abstract
Artists had theories on the emotions that were caused by certain colors
and shapes. They planned out their seemingly random paintings to the
last detail. Other Abstract Artists painted with emotion and randomness
hoping to capture their emotion and subconscious thoughts on the
canvas. Artists: Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Wassily Kandinsky, Piet
Mondrian, Kackson Pollock, Mark Rothko.
Abstract
Expressionism
(1940s–1950s) and
Pop Art (1960s)
Post–World War II: pure
abstraction and expression
without form; popular art
absorbs consumerism
Gorky, Pollock, de
Kooning, Rothko,
Warhol,
Lichtenstein
Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S.
enters 1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses
Hungarian revolt (1956)
Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)

36. CONTEMPORARY
ART

37. POP ART
Richard Hamilton's collage Just what is it
that makes today's homes so different, so appealing?
Roy Lichtenstein's Drowning Girl (1963)
Campbell’s Soup Cans by Andy Warhol

38. POP ART
• Pop Art is art made from commercial items and cultural icons such as product
labels, advertisements, and movie stars. In a way, Pop Art was a reaction to the
seriousness of Abstract Expressionist Art. Pop Art is meant to be fun. Pop Art
began in the 1950s, but became very popular in the 1960s. It started in the
United Kingdom, but became a true art movement in New York City with artists
like Andy Warhol and Jasper Johns. Pop Art uses images and icons that are
popular in the modern world. This includes famous celebrities like movie stars
and rock stars, commercial items like soup cans and soft drinks, comic books,
and any other items that are popular in the commercial world. There are a
number of ways that artists use these items to create art such as repeating the
item over and over again, changing the color or texture of the item, and putting
different items together to make a picture. Artists include: Keith Haring, David
Hockney, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Wayne Thiebaud and Andy Warhol.

39. ONCEPTUAL ART
Joseph Kosuth,
One and Three Chairs (1965)
Lawrence Weiner. Bits & Pieces
Put Together to Present a
Semblance of a Whole, The
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 2005.
Maurizio Bolognini, Programmed Machines,
Nice, France, 1992-97: hundreds
of computers are programmed to
generate an inexhaustible flux of random images
which nobody would see

40. CONCEPTUAL ART
• 1960s. Conceptual art, sometimes simply called
Conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s)
or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence
over traditional aesthetic and material concerns.
Many works of conceptual art, sometimes
called installations, may be constructed by anyone
simply by following a set of written instructions.
Conceptual art questions the nature of art.

41. ERFORMANCE ART
Conceptual work by Yves Klein at Rue Gentil-Bernard, Fontenay-aux-Roses,
October 1960, photo by Shunk Kender.Le Saut dans le Vide (Leap into the Void)
Minujín: Reading the news(1965)

42. PERFORMANCE ART
• 1960s. In art, performance art is
a performance presented to an audience,
traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be
either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully
orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully
planned with or without audience participation. The
performance can be live or via media; the performer
can be present or absent. It can be any situation that
involves four basic elements: time, space, the
performer's body, or presence in a medium, and a
relationship between performer and audience.
Performance art can happen anywhere, in any venue or
setting and for any length of time. The actions of an
individual or a group at a particular place and in a
particular time constitute the work.

43. STALLATION ART
Rachel Whiteread,
Embankment at
Tate Modern, London
Allan McCollum.The Shapes Project, 2005/06
Maurice Benayoun, Neorizon, urban
interactive art installation,
eArts Festival Shanghai, 2008.
Dan Steinhilber

44. INSTALLATION ART
• 1970s. Installation art describes an artistic genre
of three-dimensional works that are often site-
specific and designed to transform the perception
of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior
spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often
called land art; however, the boundaries between
these terms overlap.

45. DIGITAL ART
Wade Guyton Untitled (2008)
Epson UltraChrome
inkjet prints on linen 84 x 587 inches
still from Jeremy Blake's
Winchester Redux, a 5 min. digital video
with sound, continuous loop (2004)

46. DIGITAL ART
• 1990. Digital art is an artistic work or practice that
use digital technology as an essential part of the creative or
presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have
been used to describe the process including computer
art and multimedia art, and digital art is itself placed under
the larger umbrella term new media art. After some initial
resistance,[3] the impact of digital technology has
transformed activities such
as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while
new forms, such as net art, digital installation art,
and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic
practices.[4] More generally the term digital artist is used to
describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in
the production of art. In an expanded sense, "digital art" is a
term applied to contemporary art that uses the methods of
mass production or digital media.[5]