Forest Biomass Utilization For Energy Production

Forest Biomass Utilization for Energy Production
The public perception of forest biomass utilization for energy production faces significant concerns in regard to the sustainability of local forests.
Community participation and input is critical in addressing citizen's concerns and priorities when developing a local energy plan. Greater
opportunities for public engagement in the energy planning and policy making processes allow for more innovative and publicly supported uses of
forest woody biomass. Since wood bioenergy is typically grown in proximity to where it is used, community members may be more aware of their
energy source and thus, more cognizant of how they use it. With more communities working toward self–sufficiency through diverse economies,
locally grown food, and thriving infrastructure, locally produced energy can provide yet another way for communities to be self–reliant (NACD, 2012).
Competition for wood within a region is an important factor when considering a wood–using facility. This is particularly an issue for existing
small–diameter wood–using industries such as pulp and paper companies. From an economic perspective, however, an increase in competition should
drive the price of wood higher, which could encourage more forest landowners to plant trees for future feedstock needs. And while woody biomass is a
new and potentially revolutionary forestry product, there are many additional uses and beneп¬Ѓts of forests, including recreation, timber, paper
production, and wildlife habitat. Communities must
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Productivity Improvement in Screw Type Biomas Briquettes...
Biomass densification by screw briquetting produces uniform, dense and durable solids desirable for gasification, process heating, power generation
and other heating applications which are currently run by coal. Due to high wear rate, the screw and mould used for forming the briquettes deteriorate
leading to regular production stoppage and considerable down time losses. Hence Indian entrepreneurs are apprehensive to adopt screw briquetting
technology in spite of its potential. In this work improvement in productivity parameters are tested for predetermined replacement of screw before
considerable damage is done. They were found to be significant and aiding quality briquette output and smooth operation which could aid in improving
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If the excess biomass materials are compacted to briquettes near their source they can be transported to longer distances, stored for more duration
unaffected much by humidity [9] and put into versatile uses. There are many methods of densification available and screw briquetting is one good
choice for producing high quality briquettes, a sample of which is shown in fig 2. These types of briquettes have uniform dimensions, high calorific
value, less moisture are desirable feed stock for gasification systems, process heating and power generation applications. But the screw briquetting
technology is having its own shortcomings like, the life of its parts like screw and mould are very short due to high wear rate, need of skilled labors
to run the machine and wastage of energy for heating the raw material and the mould. The heating process is needed to eliminate moisture and
volatile matters and to melt the lignin content in the raw material which acts like a binder. The quality of briquettes produced justifies the use of
skilled labor. Due to high wear rate of screw and mould particularly the screw which have very short life about 4 to 15 hrs [10] there are regular
stoppages of production, reconstruction of tools and wastage of output.Research works are going on all over the world in designing compact
briquetting machines,

Ethanol as an Alternative Energy Source Essay
Biofuels: Ethanol an Alternative Energy Source
Abstract
In today's society, when someone wants to go to the movies, work, school, library, or mall, they drive to their destination. The average amount of
gasoline consumed per year is about 146 gallons in the U.S. (Biofuels for Transportation, p1). Discoveries of huge petroleum deposits kept gasoline
cheap for decades and biofuels were forgotten (Leen, p1). However, with the recent oil prices, along with growing concern of global warming caused
by carbon dioxide emissions, biofuel regained popularity (Leen, p1). Ethanol, a renewable fuel made from plants was added to gasoline to increase
octane and help the engines burn more efficiently and cleanly (West,p1).
Introduction
Ethanol ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the start of the 20th century, Henry Ford planned to fuel his Model T's with ethanol (Leen, p2). This widely available fuel used in many
vehicles on the road including sedans, minivans, SUVs, pickups and light trucks costs about the same as a gallon of regular gasoline. A gallon of
E85, a fuel mix of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline (Leen, p2). Although ethanol has lower mileage and
requires you to fill your tank more often, research proves that it is better for our environment. In fact, Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, all recommend
ethanol fuels (Leen, p2). Drivers would need more ethanol to drive the same distance, and ethanol prices are expected to be higher than gasoline prices
when and if it is implemented on a national scale. Drivers of ethanol–powered cars may also have to drive further distances to find a specialized gas
station, which offers E85 ethanol (Alternative Energy, p1).
Advantages
One of the advantages of ethanol fuel is its organic origins. In the United States, ethanol is primarily derived from corn. Since corn and sugar cane are
both renewable resources grown by domestic farmers, the land is known as an advantage (Sunshine, p1). Ethanol burns cleaner than gasoline, which is
another one of the advantages. It does not contain significant amounts of toxic materials such as lead and benzene (Sunshine, p1). By lowering the
amount of greenhouse gases and ozone created

Energy Sources Of Renewable Energy
Executive Summary
The development of renewable and alternative energy is becoming more and more necessary as the traditional fossil fuel energy is a non–renewable
energy and can cause various environmental problems such as the global warming effect.
However, the challenge today in generating alternative energy is to find a cost effective way while has the smallest harmful environmental impacts.
Developing bioenergy have the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emission while creating great economic values.
Introduction
Biomass energy is considered as one of the renewable energies in the latest alternative energy sources development. According to therenewable energy
consumption source data Table. I from U.S energy information administration, biomass energy is the largest source of renewable energies and the total
share of biomass energy among all of the five alternative energies is approximately 50%. Although there is a 2.3% decrement of total consumption of
biomass energy from 2014 to 2015 due to the decrease of wood consumption, there's still a large potential for the bioenergy technology growth.
Table I. Total consumption source of renewable energy. Unit: Trillion btu [1]
Biomass refers to the biodegradable wastes and non–fossilized organic materials originating from plants, animals and micro–organisms derived from
biological sources. [2] Currently, research in biomass energies can be divided into two major parts. The first part if the

Alternative Energy: Solar Energy
In the world today, alternative energy source which is an alternative to fossil fuel and nuclear energy is becoming more and more of a necessity.
Right now, the world's population growth has caused an increase in the energy demand. Rosenberg (2009) pointed out that the world's current growth
rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. OECD's International Energy Agency[IEA] (2014) found that from 2011 to 2035 the
world energy demand is likely to rise by more than two–thirds. Though there have been challenges in the deployment of these new technologies, but
incentives exist to utilize renewable energy. These include solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy sources. Solar energy using energy emitted
from the sun which then transformed into electric energy by using solar panels or photocatalytic cell . Some of the countries such as Japan and
Malaysia is a blessed land which including all–year–long tropical climate that guarantee substantial solar power convert into energy. Solar energy
become the suitable choice to overcome the increasing energy demand and the parallel increase of greenhouse gas emissions which is caused by
fossil–fuel power generation . Sunlight is everywhere and the resource is practically undying .It is readily abundant to us. Solar radiation is the most
plentiful energy source on Earth and sufficient to meet the present global energy needs. According to Patil (2010), fossil fuels have the limited sources
and have the r/p ratio of

A Brief Note On Pulp And Paper Green Transformation Program
projects which support economic development, business growth and competitiveness, and innovation. The main goal is to encourage Northern Ontario
communities to grow their economies and become self–reliant communities. Established in 2006. Source: http://fednor.gc.ca/eic/site/fednor–fednor.nsf
/eng/h_fn02348.html
Pulp and Paper Green Transformation Program – Natural Resources Canada – Funding to achieve measurable environmental benefits through energy
efficiency improvement, renewable energy production or emission reductions at Canada's pulp and paper mills. Program in operation from 2009–2012.
Source: http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pages/231
Renewable Fuels Regulations – Environment Canada – Federal regulations requiring an average 5% ethanol in gas since 2010, and an average 2%
bio–based content in distillate fuels since 2011. Proposed Regulations have been developed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.
Source: http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp–pr/p1/2010/2010–04–10/html/reg1–eng.html
Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Incentive Program – Canada Revenue Agency – Aims to encourage all Canadian
businesses (regardless of size or sector) to conduct research and development (R&D) in Canada that will result in products or processes that are new,
improved, or technologically advanced. Ontario has two provincial programs that build on the SR&ED program, the Ontario Research and
Development Tax Credit and the Ontario Innovation Tax Credit.

Root Growth And Development : The Development Of Genetic...
When growing a new plant or replant an older plant, rooting is a big thing. on tv we always see ad about root growth enhancers. But those use
chemicals that are both not found in the world and are harm full if you digest it. most of the ones that aren't made form big company, are made for
naturally found minerals and aren't always harm full if you digest it. in this project will tell which is the better or none is the best to use. Some of the
goal of this project is to determine the dynamics of the gene regulatory networks that control root growth and differentiation in rooting. the simplifying
of the aspects of root growth and anatomy will be exploited to identify networks involved in development, which will then be perturbed with... Show
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Another important part of the project will be to train the next generation. One of the first plant rooting hormones found is auxin indole–3–acetic acid in
the same year, Zimmerman and Wilcoxon (1935) discovered that several new synthetic auxins, among them indole–3–butyric acid also promoted
rooting. It was demonstrated that auxin indole–3–butyric is very effective in promoting rooting growth in a wide variety of plants, and it is used
commercially to root many plant species world–wide (Hartmann et al. 1990). Since its introduction more than 50 years ago, auxin indole–3–butyric has
been the subject of hundreds of experiments and articles. Today one can still find varieties and cultivars in almost every type of plant, respond to
treatment during only part of the growing season, or produce roots only in a fraction of the treated cuttings. In recent years, several attempts were made
to understand the role of auxin indole–3–butyric in the rooting process in plants at the metabolic levee Most of the herbs some tried rooted within two
weeks or less: mints in seven days, basil in five to ten days, patchouli in ten, pineapple sage in eleven, and lemon verbena and a cultivar of rosemary in
fourteen days. some new cultivars, such as Aussie Sweetie, Mulberry Dance, and Holly's Painted, to name

Should Biofuel Be Allowed In Australia
A scientific research that has been undertaken in CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation) and will be the greatest benefit
for the society as well as the environment is biofuel. Biofuel is a liquid fuel that has been derived from other materials such as waste plants and animal
matter; the most commonly extracted type of biofuel is ethanol and biodiesel. As oil supplies have gone down rapidly, demands for renewable
alternatives have become very important. Biofuel will have a greater impact on our transport future as it is an alternative fossil fuelled based petroleum,
meaning that it will be more sustainable and much more essential as oil supplies decline and is necessary to in order to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Biofuel is a scientific research that will significantly benefit Australian environment as well as Australian society. As biofuel is a renewable
fuel that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An advantage biofuel has which will benefit the society is it's cost benefit. The current cost of biofuel is approximately the same amount for gasoline,
however the overall benefits of using biofuel is much higher. Biofuels are cleaner fuels meaning that they produce fewer emissions when burning. The
biofuel industry is expected to fuel economic development in poor rural countries, allowing these 3rd world countries to develop with more economic
stability as it also creates room for employment. Also, biofuel will also increase the demand for suitable biofuel crops, which enables economic
stimulation in the agriculture industry particularly in rural countries.
Hence, biofuel is a recent scientific research undertaken in Australia and will be the greatest benefit towards society and the environment. As biofuel
can help contribute environmentally through lowering levels of pollution, it also benefits the society by offering economic stimulation as well as

The Biofuel And Biomass Industry
Abstract
The biofuel and biomass industry has become potentially more beneficial over the last few decades. They have considerably reduced the usage of
fossil fuels. As the non–renewable energy is being replaced by the renewable energy, new initiatives are proposed for the continuous development of
supply chain network for biofuel energy. The main aim is to determine the optimal model of supply chain for the biofuel industry, operations of biofuel
supply chain, and also design a reliable supply chain network for the biofuel and biomass industries. Multiple papers have been discussed in
considering various challenges present in the biofuel production market. The key objective of the paper is to maximize the profit, study the changes in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keywords: Mixed integer programming, supply chain, biofuels, biomass, CyberGIS
Introduction Renewable resources play a vital role in supporting the environment by balancing the ecosystem. The production of biomass and biofuel
over the last few decades has increased due to its sustainability over the fossil fuels. The biomass and the biofuel supply chain production have rapidly
increased all over the world to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the extinction of non–renewable energy. This paper discusses about the
production of biofuel and biomass supply chain. The below table includes the methods, objective function and problems studied in each article.
ArticleMethodObjective FunctionProblem Studied
1MILPMaximize the net present value [1]Optimization of forest residue
2MILP
Monte Carlo [2]Maximization of net present valueOptimization of waste cooking oils
3MILP
Benders Decomposition Algorithm [3]Minimize the system costsNetwork design, operations, environmental issues
4MILPMaximize the total economic value [4]Development of bio–products from energy crops
5MILPMinimize costs of productionExpand production of biomass from agricultural & animal waste
6MINLP
Genetic algorithm [6]Minimize the total costsConstruction of new facilities and transportation network
7MILP
Cyber–GIS [7] BioScopeLinear combination of all the costs [7]Designing a biomass supply chain decision making process

8MILP
Stochastic [8] programmingMaximize

Essay about Biomass as an Alternative Energy
Biomass
Abstract:
The current use of energy in the United States, especially California, is foreshadowing catastrophe in our environment. Due to high demand of fossil
fuels, the air is filled with more pollution every day. In addition to, it can increase the chances of having global warming. Since fossil fuels are
generated from raw materials which are easy and cheap users are becoming extremely dependent on them. The main problem with fossil energy is that
the supply of fossil fuels is not continuous. However, alternative energy is continual and harmless to the environment. Biomass does not pollute the
atmosphere as much as natural gas. One of the most convenient alternative energies that are currently used for minor purposes is ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Biomass 3 Biomass energy or can be preferred as bioenergy has been used "since people began burning wood to cook food and keep warm" (NREL,
Biomass Energy Basics 2007). Though wood is the "largest biomass energy resource today, other sources of biomass can also be used" (NREL,
Biomass Energy Basics 2007). These include crops, garbage, landfill gas, and alcohol fuels. For centuries people have been using wood as a source
of energy for mainly cooking and heating. "Wood was the main source of energy in the U.S. and the rest of the world until the mid–1800s." (eia,
BIOMASS –– Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals 2007). Thus, biomass continues to be an important source of energy that would somehow
prevent us from future disaster. "In the United States wood and waste (bark, sawdust, wood chips, and wood scrap) provide only about 2 percent of
the energy we use today. Many manufacturing plants in the wood and paper products industry use wood waste to produce their own steam and
electricity." (eia, BIOMASS –– Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals 2007). Without having to buy much electricity, these companies were able
to save money because they did not have to arrange their waste products.
The other source of biomass which is garbage, also called municipal solid waste, comes from plant or animal products. "MSW can be a source of
energy by

Why Is Biochar To Mitigate Global Climate Change
The conservative scenario results in net reduction of more than 0.5 gigatons of carbon per year. The net reduction in moderate and optimistic
scenarios are around 1.25 gigatons and almost 2 gigatons of carbon per year respectively. Under the optimistic plus scenario, the reduction is about
2.2 gigatons per year by 2050("Using Biochar Systems to Sequester Carbon | Agricultural Marketing Resource Center"). The author further discusses
the role that biochar systems can play in reducing greenhouse emissions levels. The following table has been presented in the article to show the
contribution of biochar systems in GHG emission offset. Biochar alone can reduce the emissions by 10% in average. When the collective effect of all
three offsets is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The paper describes the sustainable biochar concept with the aid of the following diagram. The paper discusses the dependence of the climate–change
mitigation potential of biochar and bioenergy on the fertility of the soil being amended, the carbon intensity of the fuel being offset, and the feedstock
used for deriving them (type of biomass). Locations with high soil fertility and where coal is the fuel being offset is more suitable for bioenergy
production. For all other situations, biochar has a higher climate–change mitigation potential than bioenergy (Woolf, Amonette, Alayne Street
–Perrott,
et al.).
Fig 3: Sustainable Biochar Concept Overview. Reprinted from: Woolf, Dominic et al. "Sustainable Biochar to Mitigate Global Climate Change."
(2010): n. pag. Web. 3 Dec. 2017
Sustainable biomass–feedstock availability is crucial to any biochar system. Thus, the study uses a strict set of criteria to assess the availability of
feedstock for biochar to ensure the approach is sustainable. Land conversion to generate biomass is of primary importance as it can have adverse
effects on the ecosystem. In addition, it can lead to release of carbon stored in the soils and biomass(Woolf, Amonette, Alayne Street
–Perrott, et al.).
This results in unacceptable limits of carbon pay–back times before any net reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide is achieved. (Fargione et
al.)(Woolf, Amonette, Alayne Street
–Perrott, et al.). For example, clearance of

Advantages And Advantages Of Bioenergy And Solar Energy
Nowadays, global warming is causing terrible damages from climate change such as powerful typhoons, hurricanes, tsunami, super flood to human
lives. It has become a big issue since the changes have happened more frequently. Therefore, many scientists are struggling with finding some
alternative sources of energy to fossil fuel which release a great amount of carbon dioxide that have affected global warming. Governments also struggle
with finding some possible solutions to deal with climate change. They are encouraging and investing on researching new energy sources. Bioenergy
and solar energy have been highly used as alternative energies. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of bioenergy and solar
energy. How governments encourage spreading renewable energy in the specific countries will be described.
Bioenergy is a renewable energy which is obtained by combusting the biomass. It is also called 'biomass energy'. Biomass is one of alternative
sources, which consists of different materials such as trees, construction wood, sewage sludge, manure, and farm waste including cornhusks, peanut
shells, leaves and so on (Ischenko et al, 2007). Ischenko et al (2007) claim that biomass releases less carbon dioxide than fossil fuel. In the other
words, it helps to slow down the pace of global warming. Another advantage of it is turning the great amount of waste such as potato peels, used
cooking oil, pig intestines into useful energy. So it can reduce the costs of

Introduction Of Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis Sativa L. ) (...
Introduction to industrial hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) (no more than 2 pages) o Growing conditions/climate
Hemp is an annual herbaceous crop with a long history of cultivation due to its wide range of uses and adaptive nature. Once indigenous to Central and
South Asia, hemp does especially well in temperate zones. Optimum hemp yields are obtained when daily temperatures range between 60Лљ and
80ЛљF with total available moisture ranging between 20 to 28 inches through the growing season. The first six weeks of growth require 10 to 14
inches of moisture to become well established. (Dewey, 1913)
Hemp cultivation can be successful in a wide range of environmental conditions. In regions of cold climate high hemp yields can be produced
"resulting in high area–efficiency, which reduces competition with food and feed crops for arable land." (Prade et al., 2012b). Hemp yields are
hindered by soils that have poor drainage, low organic content, or pH levels outside the optimum range of 5.8 and 6.0. (Bocsa and Karus, 1998).
oHarvesting/storage o Historical cultivation
п‚§Introduction to US colonies
п‚§US shifts in policy: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 пѓ "Hemp for Victory" пѓ " Reefer Madness" пѓ Controlled Substances Act of 1970 пѓ Current
federal ban on cultivation
The lack of a clear separation between hemp and marijuana explains why the domestic cultivation of hemp was banned when marijuana was outlawed
in the United States in 1937. (Genetic Variation, 2006)
oCurrent Applications/Uses
п‚§

The Definition Of Sustainable Development
The simplest definition of sustainable development was given by the World Commission on Environment and Development: "development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Un.org 1987)."
Bioenergy production as one of the sustainable production is expected to offer new opportunities to diversify income and fuel supply sources, to
promote employment in rural areas, to develop long term replacement of fossil fuels, and to reduce GHG emissions, boosting the decarburization of
transportation fuels and increasing the security of energy supply (Mata, Martins & Caetano 2010).
The sustainable production of new renewable resource is now becoming a global trend since the first generation bioenergy, primarily produced from
food crops and mostly oil seeds have limitations in their ability to achieve requirements for bioenergy production, climate change mitigation and
economic growth, therefore cannot sustainably replace fossil–based transport fuels. New technology is developing to produce second generation
bioenergy produced from non–food feed stocks such as microalgae, which potentially offer greatest opportunities in the longer term (Greenwell et al.
2010). Bioenergy from microalgae seems to be the best renewable biofuel that has the potential to completely displace petroleum–derived transport
fuels without adversely affecting supply of food and other crop products, of which large arable land is required, also

The Different Performances Of Different Types Of Fuel Essay
Introduction This project will be developed to test the different performances of different types of fuel. The different types include bioethanol,
kerosene, gasoline, and diesel. These fuels are used in everyday life to power different engines on different types of machinery.
Background
This project involves the process of combustion, which is the process of two substances being combined chemically, which produces heat and light. It's
most common for a fossil fuel to be involved with oxygen in the air. Combustion can be used in everyday life because the heat generated by this
process can be used to help operate different things like engines, furnaces, and boilers. Byproducts involved in this process are water and carbon
dioxide, since this is an exothermic reaction. The formulas go as follows: CH4 + 2O2 в†’CO2 + 2H20 + Heat, C + O2 в†’CO2 + Heat, and 2H2 + O2
в†’ 2H2O + Heat. almost a whole page.
Biomass:
Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and most of the time it refers
to plants or plant–based materials that are not used for food, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass. As an energy source, biomass can be
used directly by combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to different forms of biofuel. The conversion of biomass to biofuel can
happen by different methods which are put into three categories: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods. Within the two

Corn Prices
The Effect of U.S. Ethanol on Corn Prices
Introduction: There are over 96 million acres of corn planted in the U.S. every year, where the mid–west dominates the country in production. Corn
can be used for a variety of things that include; energy ingredient in livestock feed, ethanol for biofuels, oils, sweeteners, alcohol, and food substances
such as starches.
Ethanol production in the U.S. has been on the rise for over the last 10 years. Production totals were around 115,604 barrels (1,000 barrels) in 2006 and
has more than doubled by 2014 reaching 341,419 barrels (1,000 barrels). A majority of the US ethanol is made from corn. In 2013 the U.S. used 4.7
billion bushels of corn (40% of the harvest) to produce over 13 billion gallons of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A comparison of results with the no–subsidy results and with actual prices and quantities shows separate estimates of the impact on corn. The general
pattern of corn prices would have been the same as in the historical period without ethanol subsidies or without expansion of ethanol, rising from
2005 to 2007 and then declining to 2009. Corn prices would have still risen dramatically in 2007, to $3.75 per bushel. Policy: "By 2011 most cars on
U.S. roads could run on blends of up to 10% ethanol (E10), and manufacturers had begun producing vehicles designed for much higher percentages.
Flexible–fuel cars, trucks, and minivans use gasoline/ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). By early 2013 there were
around 11 million E85–capable vehicles on U.S roads. In January 2011 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted a waiver to allow
up to 15% of ethanol blended with gasoline (E15) to be sold only for cars and light pickup trucks with a model year of 2001 or later. The EPA waiver
authorizes, but does not require stations to offer

Renewable Resources For Renewable Energy
Introduction
In the most basic definition, energy is power that is harnessed from physical or chemical resources, often utilized in order to produced light, heat or
fuel. It can be extracted from various renewable or non–renewable sources and has become a necessity for day to day life. Currently non–reusable
resources account for the majority of energy production. The prominence of fossil fuels in the energy sector validates this claim. At the same time this
statement reveals a major world issue in regards to energy sustainability. Although they may able to produce copious amounts of energy, non
–renewable
resources cannot renew themselves on the timescale required by current energy consumption. With this in mind, non–renewable resource depletion is
inevitable without sustainable energy alternatives for future generations. At this point it is important to recognize the difficulty of this task given the
ever increasing energy consumption associated with exponential population growth. Amongst all nations, Canada is near the forefront ofrenewable
energy; the country is the fourth largest producer of renewable electrical energy despite its 8th place standing in energy consumption. This is
undoubtable due to the abundance of natural resources in its geographical location. Currently 17% of total energy production is derived from
renewable resources, despite the sector not being fully developed. Based on its initiatives in incorporating more renewable energy technologies to

Saving Fossil Fuels : Alternative Energy
Saving Fossil Fuels; Alternative Energy
http://www.associatedrenewable.com/content/alternative–energy
Most people today use fossil fuels, but there is a problem that comes with using them. Soon, the world is going to run out of fossil fuels. The average
person uses some type of fossil fuel every single day, and cannot imagine a world without them. Can you imagine a world with no gas, propane, or
coal? Better yet, can you imagine the world without the machines, vehicles, and appliances that are powered by fossil fuels. Fossil fuel is not the only
form of energy, though. There is also alternative energy. We must start using alternative energy. We must start using alternative energy, or we will
...
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When in its pure form, hydrogen is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly flammable, however it is not poisonous. Hydrogen energy can power
electrical generators, vehicles, and airships. Airships are aircrafts that stays in the air using gases like hydrogen and helium. Airships include blimps
and zeppelins. (Schlager and Weisblatt, 136))
Hydrogen was first produced in 1671 by Robert Boyle. He produced the gas by dissolving iron in acid. It was not officially recognized as a gas
until 1766, when Henry Cavendish proved not only that hydrogen existed, but also that it was 14 times lighter than air. Laurent Lavoisier named
the gas hydrogen using the greek words "hydro" (water) and "gene" (forming"). Before Lavoisier named the gas, it was called "inflammable air",
because it was so likely to explode. (Schlager and Weisblatt, 136) Scientists believe that hydrogen energy could become a significant power source in
the future. It can power vehicles, and does not pollute very bad. There are many benefits, but there is one big problem that is very hard to overcome.
The hydrogen must be pure. It is very hard to produce large amounts of pure hydrogen energy. (Doeden, 53) Bioenergy
Another type of alternate energy is bioenergy. Bioenergy is produced by biofuel which is produced by biomass. Biomass is recently living organic
matter that can be burnt. Examples of biomass are wood, dung, and plant matter. These, when mixed with gasoline produce biofuel. Biofuel creates

Renewable Energy Sources And The Global Warming
Renewable energy sources
Let's ask ourselves that when the erosion able elements of the earth is not achievable anymore and the glob is getting warmer day by day, what we
are going to do to satisfy our requirements, and wants? How we can reduce global warming, decrease the negative impacts of greenhouse gas
emission? What are some other natural origins by which we can continue our lives without hurting other existences in the earth? All these problems can
be solved if we use renewable energy sources and recycle things again. That is why human is searching to discover and figure out many other natural
ways to use the resources positively and act logically.
First, let's define what Renewable energy sources is and how we can benefit from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, the greatest way is to recycle the used items, use alternative energy sources instead of non–renewable sources, they should be kind to their nature
and avoid the probable dieses that may influence our nature.
One of the cleanest and basic energy sources is the solar power by which people can come out with many of their problems. Solar energy power,
which is the energy taken from the sun, have a big usage in today's world. People in all the countries use this energy source for different cases. It can
be used for producing electricity, heating, cooking, charging, and much more usages. For example, people in the cities and rural areas of Afghanistan
use the solar energy for electricity purposes, and in countries like japan and U.S it has a vast usage in industrial factories. This energy is the power that
can be converted in to electrical energy and is the most abundant renewable source available. We can invert this power by modern technologies for
different uses like, generating energy, providing light, heating water, and many manufacturing uses. Furthermore, the companies that provide solar
shingles can make available many job opportunities. Solar energy technology is a common type of renewable sources that everyone in Afghanistan
knows that and

Ted Talk Analysis Essay
Ted Talk Analysis Proposal: Energy Conservation Energy conservation is an important subject to address for many reasons. Oil resources, which
most of the energy used today derives from, are depleting quickly. The more scarce these resources become, the more expensive it will cost. The
production and consumption of this energy source is also bad for the environment. If nothing changes, then oil resources will be used up soon,
prices will be high and global warming will be even worse. Through my presentation, I want to convey the message that action needs to take place
to save the future. I want to teach the lesson that this problem will not go away by itself. I also want to talk about ways change can be done. The
first TED talk video I watched is called "The Political Chemistry of Oil" by Lisa Margonelli (Margonelli). In this talk, Margonelli speaks of the
unrestrained oil consumption that is occurring and her proposal for America to cut down their usage of oil. She introduces the topic of oil spills by
talking about how disastrous they are. She makes the point that oil consumption only decreases when oil prices increase. Margonelli stresses the idea...
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I chose this video above the others because the other videos focus on specific approaches to the deal with this issue. His idea of the transition
approach brings people together which I personally think is the best way to get a job done. The ideas in the other videos were also good just they
did not emphasize the need for widespread action to be done. Hopkins has a voice that is easy to listen to and understand, which his accent may be
the reason for. He also uses great oral techniques which I hope to be able to use effectively as well. In conclusion, I would like to use the "Transition to
a World Without Oil" by Rob Hopkins for my

Solar Panels, Hydropower, And Wind Turbines
DISCUSSION
How Biomass Works
Solar panels, hydropower, and wind turbines are all well–known renewable resources. However, one of the most prevalent sources for energy is often
overlooked. Biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy resource that uses organic materials to generate electricity. ("Biomass Power Association.")
Biomass energy is made from any form of previously–living material. This includes any animal material or product, all vegetation, and even human
waste. Scrap lumber, forest debris, crops, manure, and even industrial wastes can all be utilized and turned into renewable energy through biomass.
Often leftover materials from factories such as paper mills are used to help sustain the renewable resource. However, this process tends to be
inefficient and unreliable (Mary, Booth), so frequently biomass energy is instead produced by cutting down forests or converting crops such as sugar
or corn into combustible fuels. Biomass is considered a renewable resource because organic material and waste will always exist. Whether this is
through forests, crops, or animals, as long as humans inhabit the earth there will be waste to utilize. [figure 2]
Although biomass is sometimes considered inefficient in comparison to other fuels, biomass fuels have two strengths when compared to widely–used
fossil fuels. The first reason is the time difference there is between fossil fuels and biomass. One example would be coal. In nature coal requires close to
400 million

Disadvantages Of Makeni Project
RESOURCE POTENTIALS West Africa may be one of the most difficult and dangerous regions of the world in which to work, posing challenges that
can prove deadly for project developers and their stakeholders. An ambitious bioenergy project in Sierra Leone highlights the sometimes–blurry line that
separates development that is sustainable from that which is exploitative, as well as the numerous challenges faced when undertaking projects in
poorly developed communities and countries. As a Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) research team reports, a series of events – unexpected and
anticipated – have taken their toll in terms of costs, revenues and the project development schedule of Addax Bioenergy Sierra Leone's (ABSL)
Makeni project. As the SEI research team recounts in "Agricultural investment and rural transformation: a case study of the Makeni bioenergy project
in Sierra Leone," the Ebola outbreak in May 2014 took a terrible toll on the nation and the Makeni project, increasing costs, delaying development and
driving it to the edge of viability. Bioethanol and Sustainable Development in Africa... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Depending on the occasion, a portion may also be offered to the ancestors, to honor their memory. Another common practice in this sense is to pour
liquor in the ancestors' honor in the corners of a house. Other food traditions vary with region or religion: Mende Muslims, for instance, will mark a
burial ceremony with lehweh, a ball of rice flour mixed with water and sugar, served with a kola nut on top. Kola nuts are highly valued in and of
themselves, and are often associated with greetings, diplomacy, provisions of respect, religious rites, and initiation ceremonies. High in caffeine
concentration, they are also used as a stimulant, a clothing dye, and even in the preparation of

Alternative Energy Essay
Modern alternative energy generation methods are limited by several factors including efficiency, inability to respond to sudden changes in power
demand, and susceptibility to environmental events. In 2010 the leading renewable energy sources were hydro–electric, wind, bioenergy, geothermal,
and solar Photo Voltaic (PV)[1]. Of these, hydroelectric made up 82% of the renewable resourceenergy generation, while the other means all
contributed about equally. These relationships can be seen clearly in the table below. Although hydroelectric makes up a large portion of the electricity
produced, it is not appropriate to discount the other sources due to the frequency where hydroelectric power generation is unpractical. It is important to
have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The addition of the dam can also have negative effects downstream, where water flow will now be restricted. These drawbacks often make a
hydroelectric dam impractical, and as a result cannot be the only form of renewable energy that we consider bringing into a smart grid.
After hydroelectric, the next leading energy producer is the wind turbine. In 2015, wind turbines across the United States generated roughly 226 billion
kilowatt–hours of electricity[3]. Wind turbines raise many different concerns from hydroelectric power sources because of how differently these
sources create electricity. The wind turbine operates by transforming the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity using a generator turned by the
turbine blades. The most notable difference in performance between these sources is that, unlike hydroelectric dams, which can in impractical or
simply impossible in some places in the world, the wind turbine is acceptable anywhere that wind is present. Though wind can be found everywhere,
there is a significant issue that the wind does not blow to match the demand for electricity. This means there are three states that these systems can
operate in. Should the turbines be permitted to spin freely, they could produce more electricity than is needed, or if it were a calm day, electricity
demands could outweigh the amount of electricity produced. It's almost impossible for the

The Informative And Positive Effects Of Renewable Energy
Informative Presentation Outline Name: Shandy Duraso Topic: Renewable Energy General Speech Goal: Inform others on the negative and
positive effects of renewable energy. Specific Speech Goal: Show the importance on why we should change our ways and convert to renewable
energy. Introduction I.Attention Getter: If it could be properly harnessed, there's enough sunlight that falls on the earth in just one hour to meet the
worlds energy demands for an entire year. II.Establish Credibility: There has been an emanate amount of research when regarding renewable
energy sources. III.Audience Motivation: We all live on the same planet and should be educated on what is really going on here. I.Thesis/Purpose
Statement: Alternative energy sources should replace the use of fossil fuels because they will make for a cleaner environment, they are unlimited
and renewable. Transition Sentence: There are several types of renewable energy sources such as solar power, bioenergy, and hydrogen fuel cells.
Body I.Main Point #1: Types of renewable energy. A.Subpoint: The first type of renewable resource is solar power. (Williams 2015) 1.Support:
Solar power is obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays. 2.Support: Solar power has very little pollution, uses no greenhouse gases and is a
renewable source. B.Subpoint: The second type of renewable resource is bioenergy. (Williams 2015) 1.Support: Bioenergy is renewable energy
produced by living organisms. 2.

A Common Misconception About Evolution
A common misconception about evolution is that it results in organisms that are perfectly suited to their environments. In fact, there are many
limitations to evolution that keep it from producing perfect traits. Photosynthesis, the process that supports nearly all of life on Earth, is also
sub–optimally efficient. Since photosynthesis is the source of all of our food and energy, examining its inefficiencies may lead to improvements in our
abilities to produce food, materials, and sustainable bioenergy. So, what are these inefficiencies? What is the potential for improvement? If possible,
should we improve the process of photosynthesis? How might this effect our environment and ourselves? These are the questions that frame the
following essay. The world population is projected to approach ~10 billion people before it stops growing within the century (Lutz et al., 2001).
Currently this population growth outpaces gains from conventional crop improvement and this trend is likely to continue (von Caemmerer and Evans,
2010). Harvest index and light interception efficiency are two yield potential determinants that have been manipulated to increase crop yields, but
evidence suggests that they are reaching an upper limit (Long et al., 2006). Therefore increasing the efficiency with which solar energy is converted
into biomass may be an attractive strategy for meeting future food demand. Recent experiments show that this might be possible; by testing grain crops
in elevated CO2

Canfor Lumber Company Case
Canfor is a main Canadian incorporated timberland items organization situated in Vancouver, British Columbia ("BC"), included basically in the wood
business, with creation offices in BC, Alberta, and the United States ("US"). Canfor additionally has a 50.5% enthusiasm for the mash and paper
business of Canfor Pulp Products Inc. ("CPPI"), and claimed a dyed chemi–thermo mechanical mash ("BCTMP") plant ("Taylor Pulp Mill"), all
situated in BC. In 2014, the Company finished the second period of the buy of the timber business of Scotch and Gulf Lumber, LLC ("Scotch Gulf")
situated in Mobile, Alabama expanding its proprietorship to 33%. Consequent to year end, on January 30, 2015, the Company finished the third period
of the securing expanding its... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further talk of the Normal Course Issuer Bid is given in the "Money related Requirements and Liquidity" area of this report. On January 2, 2015,
Canfor finished the principal period of the buy of Beadles Lumber Company and Balfour Lumber Company Inc. ("Beadles and Balfour") situated
in Georgia, speaking to an introductory 55% possession interest. The second period of the securing whereby Canfor will possess 100% of Beadles
and Balfour is planned to close toward the start of 2017. In April 2015, Canfor will likewise get 100% of Southern Lumber Company Inc. ("Southern
Lumber") situated in Mississippi. Additionally consequent to year end, on January 30, 2015, Canfor finished the offer of the Taylor Pulp Mill to CPPI
(Further exchange of the offer of the Taylor Pulp Mill might be found in Note 32 of the Annual Financial Statements). In the earlier year, the Company
finished the offer of its half partake in Canfor–LP OSB Limited Partnership (renamed Louisiana LP OSB Limited Partnership) ("Peace Valley OSB"),
which claims the Peace Valley OSB Mill, to Louisiana Pacific Corporation

Experiment Synthesis Essay
The project's hypothesis is: if the type of biomass is vegetable peels then the amount of biogas produced will increase. This project tests the amount
of biogas produced when cow manure is combined with different types of biomass (in this case, mashed bananas and vegetable peelings). It is an
interesting project because studying how biogas is produced, it is possible to see how this chemical reaction happens. Biogas can be used for
cooking, heating, and after going through a transformation process it could be even used as fuel. If studied more, biogas could have more functions.
When choosing this experiment the hopes were to find out what types of things easily found can increase the production of biogas, and how could it be
produced. Cows... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And when the bananas were mixed with the cow manure (that also produces gas by itself), the amount of gas produced was a lot bigger than the
other options. The predicted results were for the vegetable peelings + cow manure balloon would turn out to be bigger at the end of the experiment
, but the bananas combined with the manure produced more gas than the expected. If repeated, the changes made would be the place where the
experiment happened and the type of bottles used. The bottles used had drawings all over its surface, which made it hard to look at what was going
on, and placed (at the porch) where it had the risk of being dropped because of the wind/any other natural causes or even because of people that could
walk by and drop it if not paying attention. The data does not support the hypothesis, since the products that produced more biogas were not the
vegetable peelings and the cow manure. The average difference between the vegetable peelings (approximately 0.6 cm) and the mashed bananas
(approximately 2.5 cm) were 1.9 cm

Dependence of Man on the Environment
Comparison of Biomass and Biofuels Leslie Stillwagon SCI207: Dependence of Man Instructor: Dr. Dariush Azimi June 13, 2011 Revised June 21,
2011 When having to wonder how the environment is fairing with all the global warming and climate changes on going in the world. There are more
of the renewable fuels to use like biofuels and biomass we have to wonder how all of this will affect the ever changing of the environment. There are
several different environmental problems of biofuels and biomass in the world. We often wonder about the comparison of energy security by biofuels
and biomass combined together, because these items are being used for energy and the future of our environmental issues and science. Most of the
biofuels... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems crazy that it is how we get the crops and different things that can be turned into ethanol like with corn is turned into gas for vehicles. With all
the talk about how bioethanol can help the environment there is also biodiesel and biomass in combination with the ethanol used for the replacement
of oil and gas companies. Some people don't think about how their actions can affect the environment by biomass and biofuels to be replaced using
energy and can also replace oil–based fuels. "Biomass resources can be used to produce methanol. The pyroligneous acid obtained from wood
pyrolysis consists of about 50% methanol, acetone, phenols, and water (Demirbas and Gullu, 1998; Gullu and Demirbas, 2001). As a renewable
resource, biomass represents a potentially inexhaustible supply of feedstock for methanol production." We need to keep making sure that we don't
forget to protect the environment. People don't realize that with bioenergy you can create biomass and biofuels with power plants that supply
electricity to the country. Many people don't realize that what they do now will depend on how our future generations will be able to depend on

The Production Of Aviation Biofuel From Renewable Feedstock
The present paper deals with the opportunities and challenges in the production of aviation biofuel from renewable feedstock. Discussions on the
characteristics of feedstock, the methods used in the production process, a comparison of renewable hydrocarbon fuel with biohydrogen, biodiesel,
bioalcohol and biomethane as alternative fuels, the industry commitments and collaborations and future outlook and recommendations in this field are
also included.
Introduction:
Biofuels have been around for a long time. However, huge deposits of pertroleum based resources have been found and kept gasoline and diesel
cheap for decades. Biofuels were largely forgotten. However, with the recent rise in oil prices, along with growing concern about global ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The selection of a feedstock has a major effect, not only on the efficacy of the synthetic pathway, but also on the environmental and health effects of the
process. The use of fossil fuels, or nonrenewable resources, can harm the environment by the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide through
combustion reaction. The main reasons for the production of aviation biofuel the increased costs of petroleum and environmental concern. Aside from
cost and the environment, some other factors should also be considered such as secure functioning of the engine and consistency.
Many different routes have been made for the production of aviation bio fuel from renewable resources. The routes for the conversion of the feedstock
to biofuel include thermochemical and biochemical approaches. The future of alternative fuel can be influenced by the co–operation between different
organizations, states and countries. International Air Transport Association (IATA) expects 30% contribution of Bio jet fuel for the jet fuel use by 2030.2
Considering that the resources that are used for the production of bio aviation fuel are low in cost and renewable, a carefully chosen and administerd
production route can reduce fuel cost. Developing countries can also benefit from the economical advances the biofuel industry can offer. The
available land in these countries, which is not being used for food production, may be used to grow the feedstock necessary for

Productivity Improvement in Screw Type Biomass Briquettes...
The sectional details of the parts are shown in fig 3 in which the machine shaft is supported by radial and thrust bearings. Radial bearings support the
dead load on the shaft, while thrust bearings support the axial load due to compression of saw dust by screw. One end of the shaft is connected to the
gear drive. In the other end of the shaft screw is inserted. Starting section of screw placed inside barrel conveys the material into the mould. Mould is
made in two sections, first in which the cross section gradually reduced to the final shape of briquette (called forming mould or wear sleeve) and the
later with uniform cross section of the final briquette which exerts necessary back pressure for compression due to friction. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the second set of readings the stoppages are preplanned so that screw is removed before it was damaged considerably. The heater is stopped
earlier; very fine powder not suitable for briquetting was introduced inside to push the previously formed matter out making the cleaning process easy
and short. The system will be started again with the new screw in place and heated to required temperature about 250oC. The average down time in
this trial was considerably reduced to 31 minutes. The experimental details are given in table 1. Table 1 Experimental details for Eutectrode 700 coated
screw
The same kind of trials are repeated with screws coated with VAUTID 302 which is a tungsten carbide electrode and its coating increased life of
screw to more than 10 hrs[10]. The same type of mould with Eutechtrode 700 was used in this trial but replaced along with the second screw
replacement. Readings were taken for 4 trials to keep the total duration similar to that of first set. The next set of trials with planned stoppages was also
conducted for 4 trials in the similar way and the readings tabulated. The details of the experiment are presented in table 2. Preplanning downtime has
shown improvements in the following aspects.
п‚§The downtime per setup went down;
п‚§productivity has shown improvement;
п‚§Even though it was not accounted labor productivity & morale went up significantly.
п‚§The production of unacceptable quality briquettes at the last part of

Economic And Environmental Integration And Optimization Of...
Economic and Environmental integration and optimization of biomass based CHP and micro CHP into HVAC systems, using life cycle assessment
methodology
Global climate change, a growing population, decreasing availability of fossil fuels increasing environmental and economic concerns regarding
energy use are driving forces towards more sustainable ways of responding to energy demands (Li et al., 2011). Energy consumption is widely
increasing all around the world resulting in rising of the energy price and global environmental problem. It is estimated that the world energy
consumption will increase from 522 EJ in 2006 to 570 EJ in 2015 and 730 EJ in 2030. Due to the rising energy demand and diminishing energy
resources, sustainability and energy conservation are becoming increasingly important topics (Conti et al., 2013). Governments and businesses are
starting to pay more attention to the role of energy in the design, development and operation of buildings and whole communities.
Buildings currently stand for almost 40% of entire energy consumption in the world therefore there is a great energy saving potential in buildings
(Europe's buildings under the microscope e a country–by–country review of the energy performance of buildings. Buildings Performance Institute
Europe, 2011).
Residential sector is one of the major energy consumers in Canada and is responsible for 77% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for space heating and
cooling, and hot water.
Canada has planned to

Annotated Bibliography On Water Desalination
Schulze, E.D., KГ¶rher, C., Law, B.E., Haberl, H., S. (2012). Large–scale bioenergy from additional harvest of forest biomass is neither sustainable nor
greenhouse gas neutral. GCB Bioenergy, 4(6), 611–616. Chapin, F.S., Carpenter, S.R., Kofinas, G.P., Folke, C., Abel, N., Clark, W.C., ...& Swanson,
F.J (2010). Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability strategies for a rapid change planet. Edwards, A.R. (2010). Thriving beyond sustainability: Pathways
to a resilient society. New Society Publishers. 2) –Article 1– Ghaffour, N., M. Missimer, T., & L. Amy, G. (2013). Desalination (Technical review and
evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability) (Vol. 309, pp. 197–207). Thuwal.

Case Analysis : Gorilla Health Bars
INTRODUCTION Gorilla health Bars is a food producing company situated in Victoria, Australia. It commonly produce health based snakes bars
by fruit, oats, and nuts. It started its business in 2011, with old two stored building.in recent times they started to make a bit of profit and expend
there business by focusing on corporate social responsibility. Defining PROBLEMS Firstly, GHB using an old building. This was built in 1960. It
constructed with corrugated iron as well. So it's become so hot in summer and too cold in winter. Secondly, it's having water consumption problem.
It's increasing rapidly in the last two years. In the end it increases product manufacture ring costs. So it 's a great threat for this company. Thirdly,
the supply chain management of GHB is not good enough. It saw that, GHB collets there raw materials from Darwin, Australia. So their cost lots of
money to collect those materials causes it's so far from Victoria. To figure out the facing problems of Gorilla Health Bars and find the best solution
is the main of this report. Hence finding more sustainable way to gain more profit and expend there business on focusing on CSR is also an aim of
this report. The main view point of the report is to make Gorilla Health Bars more sustainable and economically proficient. In this report, facing three
problems which are electricity bills, water consumption and transportation cost of GBH would discuss and solution would given. FINDING AND
DISCUSSION

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay
Save the Earth The Earth is slowly dying and we can save it, however, it requires some initiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real
problem that may soon wipe out the Earth's resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn't
just happen in some third–world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution:
conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissions, and focus on developing technology that utilizes clean renewable energies.
Global warming primarily happens through a process called the greenhouse effect. "Like global warming, this is a natural phenomenon. As sunlight hits
the earth, some of the heat is reflected back into space, while some is absorbed by naturally occurring atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide and
methane. Like insulation, the heated gas and atmosphere keep the earth warm enough to sustain life"(NSU, 2011).
While the main purpose of this greenhouse effect is to keep the planet at a sufficient temperature to sustain life, the recent increase in carbon dioxide
emissions has led to the Earth overheating. This poor management of energy has led to catastrophic events.
Due to climate change, droughts have occurred, sea levels have risen, and storms are more devastating. Climate change has caused temperatures to rise
drastically and these temperatures will continue to rise by an unpredictable amount over the next

Global Energy Propects : Challenges And Future Prospect
TITLE GLOBAL ENERGY PROPECTS:CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECT The world is confronting energy destitution– absence of access
to power, advanced vitality administrations and mechanical power .Quarter of the total populace still lives without power, or different types of
present day vitality administrations, while as much as 33% of aggregate humankind depends on conventional biofuels, for example, bovine manure or
kindling .It brings about extraordinary cost to wellbeing or economic welfare and security .The world additionally confronting twin vitality related
danger : that of not having satisfactory and secure supplies of energy at moderate costs and that of ecological mischief brought on by its utilization.
Reasonable vitality assumes a key part in financial development and human advancement and taking off vitality costs and late geopolitical occasions
have helped us to remember the defenselessness of the worldwide vitality framework to supply disturbances. Protecting energy supplies is by and by
at the highest point of the worldwide strategy motivation. The present example of energy supply conveys the risk of extreme and irreversible
ecological harm. So the objectives of energy security and natural insurance requires solid and composed government activity and open support. The
world 's vitality needs will develop significantly more steeply from now than whenever since the start of the modern unrest. The number of inhabitants
in the industrialized world generally devour

Fossil Fuels : Alternative Energy
Most people today use fossil fuels, but there is a problem that comes with using them. Soon, the world is going to run out of fossil fuels. The average
person uses some type of fossil fuel every single day, and cannot imagine a world without them. Can you imagine a world with no gas, propane, or
coal? Better yet, can you imagine the world without the machines, vehicles, and appliances that are powered by fossil fuels. Fossil fuel is not the only
form of energy, though. There is also alternative energy. We must start using alternative energy. We must start using alternative energy, or we will
deplete our fossil fuels.
What is Alternative energy? Alternative energy is a term that refers to many different types of energy. These energies include hydrogen energy,
bioenergy, geothermal energy, wind energy,solar energy, water energy, and nuclear energy (31). They are all different energies and produced in
different ways. They all have one thing in common though; they all produce energy without using fossil fuels. (Schlager and Weisblatt, 33, volume 1)
Hydrogen Energy One type of alternate energy is hydrogen energy. Hydrogen energy is energy produced by the burning of hydrogen. There is an
obstacle when producing hydrogen energy though; in order to produce energy, the hydrogen must be in its pure form (138). When in its pure form,
hydrogen is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly flammable, however it is not poisonous. Hydrogen

Carbon Fuel Supply Of The World And The Growing Problem Of...
With limited fossil fuel supply in the world and the growing problem of pollution, humans have to find environmentally friendly and renewable
sources of energy. Alternative energy is any source of energy that is an alternative to using fossil fuels. Energy is an enormous factor in the
production of wealth and is very important in economic development. "However, energy is defined as the maximum obtainable potential of work of
an energy or energy flow in relation to the reference environment" (Midilli). With the population increasing and expected to double by the end of the
21st century, providing clean and affordable energy is a must. With the price of fossil fuels only to increase over the upcoming years, using alternative
energy will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Right now throughout the world, industrialized countries produce sixty five percent of the world's electricity from fossil fuels (Sesto). "According
to current estimates, if developing countries should have a substantial economic growth in the next few decades, as is hoped for, they would
produce 50% of the world 's electric energy by 2030" (Sesto). If the world continued at the sixty five percent fossil fuel rate, those developing
countries would soon contribute to the increasing problem of greenhouse gases and pollution emissions. This would have a direct effect on the prices
of fossil fuels, as prices would most definitely increase heavily (Sesto). "Proposed strategies for the United States include increasing energy efficiency,
displacing fossil fuels with energy sources that are potentially CO2–neutral, and carbon storage in forests and other ecosystems" (Cook). As fossil fuels
remains a threat to global constancy and sustainability, it becomes worse with increasing world population, higher energy demand, and technological
progress. With geothermal energy being inside Earth's mantle and crust, it has been used by humans for decades to provide heat and electricity in both
homes and industries. There are countless benefits of using geothermal energy to provide power and heat. The main advantage is that this renewable
source can

Advantages Of Biofuel And Feedstock Production
ASSIGNMENT 3
Author : Minh Duc Vu
Student number: 18747372
Executive summary
This report will be outlining advantages and disadvantages of biofuel and feedstock production used to manufacture biomass energy. There will be an
in–depth analysis of the feedstock needed as well as its impacts in terms of science, engineering, social and environment, economic and politic.
Background
It is well known that most of the activities depend on the fuel, especially petroleum based fuels like fossil fuel, gasoline and diesel fuel. As the demand
for fuels increasing rapidly, biomass becomes one of the most alternative technologies used to produce liquid fuels. According to the Australian
Renewable Energy Agency (2016), it is currently already a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Majority of feedstock of biomass come from wood, wood wastes, agricultural crops including waste such as animal waste or from food processing.
According to Demirbas A (2000), about 64 percent of biomass energy is generated from wood and wood waste, followed by municipal solid waste
with 24 percent, agricultural waste and landfill gases have the same 5 percent. Additionally, the feedstock of biomass can come from ocean and
freshwater habitats as well. Biomass has been important, accounting for 7% of world primary energy consumption in 2000 (Fernandes, S.D, 2007), or
roughly one–third of the energy from sources other than fossil fuels (Sabine, C.L, 2000), compared to less than 1% of the global energy demand on
renewable energies such as wind and solar (Energy Information Administration (2007) International Primary Energy Production).
b.Engineering
The feedstock of biomass which has different properties are different from many alternative energy sources. Thus, biomass can be converted to energy
through many processes depending on kinds of materials used. There are some common biomass conversion processes: Different types of fuels
obtainable from biomass.
–Combustion is the process where materials are burned in the chamber combined with oxygen or air to release heat. This method is the most common
by which biomass can be used for energy.
–Gasification is the process where biomass is changed

A Brief Note On Housing Association And The Center Of Dundee
HILLCREAST
Hillcrest Housing Association had developed to 600–700 staff, managing over 6000 properties. Their headquarters was situated in a 1970 's building
manufactured for a jute in the center of Dundee. Hillcrest required more space for their staff, the new building serves solely as company offices, with
the Dundee housing office where tenants would come to pay rent or discuss tenancies remaining at Camperdown Street at the docks in the city center.
ВЈ5.3m budget.
Heating/cooling
Air is brought into the building through 5 trunk–molded conduits climbing out of the grass to the once again of the building. Low controlled fans
support the methodology. The air is drawn into a "maze" of 600mm solid pipes that bolster into a block chamber ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In two rooms in the building it demonstrated unreasonable to depend on this framework alone to give cool air and individual ventilating units were
introduced – the IT room where significant high temperature is created by the server and the meeting room where it was figured that a speedier
cooling time was needed than could be effected by the fan–aided characteristic ventilation. Also,heat is provided by the biomass boiler feeding a high
temperature collector which then bolsters heated water to radiators all through the building, each one fitted with a thermostatic valve. Hot water to
tea–points, kitchen, gym shower room and toilets is given by a solar heated evacuated tubes situated on the top of the boiler room.
Another important thing is that every window on the North and south exteriors is fitted with physically worked roller blinds. The glazed West gable is
fitted with mechanically worked blinds activated by a light meter. Lamp units all through the building are low–vitality, with daylight control and
occupancy detection to minimize energy consumption. Showers, taps and WC 's are designed for low water–consumption. Rain water is gathered from
the top and recycled for use in flushing the toilets. A SUDS is installed externally. The building envelope surpasses great practice measures for air
tightness with a measured air permeability of 3.3m3/ hr/m2.

Forest Biomass Utilization For Energy Production

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