3. Corder (1967) states that Error as a breach of code.
Norrish (1983) defines error as “A systematic deviation
when a learner has not learnt something and
consistently ‘gets it wrong’.”
ERROR
4. Mistake
“A mistake refers to a performance error that is
either a random guess or a ‘slip’ in that it is a failure to
utilize a known system correctly.”
5. found as one of the most important factors affecting
deviant problems which result from negative
transference from mother tongue, (L1) to the target
language, English (L2)
INTERLINGUAL
6. According to Bhela (1999), it is obvious that EFL
errors result from the word for word translation
strategy or thinking in mother tongue language. This
is not surprising to the fact confirmed by Brudiprabha
(1972) stating, one-third of errors are caused from
negative interference of L1.
ERROR AND INTERLINGUAL
7. Behaviourists’ view
people learn language by responding an external
stimuli and receiving proper reinforcement. Thus, a
proper habit is formed and language learning takes
place. Therefore, errors were deemed as a sign of
failure on the part of the learners as well as teachers.
8. Mentalists’ view
The conviction is that error is inevitable. It is an
integral part of the learning process and developing
competence. It should not be regarded as a sign of
failure but as evidence that the student is working his
way towards the correct rules.
9. Types of Errors
1. Interlingual and Intralingual Errors
Interlingual errors are said to occur due to the
interference of L1 into L2. In this case previous
learned structures create problems for the learner
to learn new language.
Intralingual errors are those errors that occur due
to the faulty or partial learning of the TL such as
overgeneralization and oversimplification.
10. Overt Errors
An error can be Overt (the deviation is apparent in
the surface form of the utterance)
For example:
“I happy” instead of “I am happy”.
“ We student” instead of “ We are students”
11. Covert errors (the deviation is only deviant when the
learner’s meaning intention is taken into account)
For examples :
The lectures asked me to make a table.
My heart is content.
Covert Errors
12. Causes and Sources of Errors
1 Over - Generalization
Learners of second language sometimes apply
previous learned rules on the target language
without appropriate knowledge of their
application. Thus, they commit error.
13. 2 Ignorance of Rule Restriction
In every language every lexical item has some rules and
restrictions to be used with adjacent lexical items. For
example, the pronoun ‘who’ has the restriction that it
should be used with ‘living creatures’ not with ‘non-
living’ things.
Incorrect :“A prince which lives in the palace is Prince
Harry”
Correct : “A prince who lives in the palace is Prince
Harry”
Causes and Sources of Errors
14. 3 L1 Transfer
According to Behaviorist learning theory, old habits
get in the way of learning new habits. Thus, in L2
acquisition the patterns of the learner’s mother
tongue that are different from those of the L2 get
in the way of the learning L2
Causes and Sources of Errors
15. One of the most important factors affecting deviant
problems which result from negative transference
from mother tongue, (L1) to the target language,
English (L2)
CONCLUSION
