High School World History Lecture dealing with the Scientific Revolution during the Age of Enlightenment. Galileo, Newton, Bacon, Descartes, Jenner etc.
2. The 3 Theories of the Solar System described
by Ptolemy, Kepler and Copernicus led to
questioning of the Church’s stance on the
structure of the solar system.
3. Working about the same time as Kepler,
Galileo was interested in proving the
Copernican theory of the solar system.
Conflict with the church arose when fear that
Galileo’s findings would prompt people to
question church teachings. The Catholic
Church warned Galileo, in 1616, not to
defend the ideas of Copernicus and he
remained publicly silent.
4. However, in 1632, he
published Dialogue
Concerning the Two Chief
World Systems which
discussed the ideas of
both Ptolemy and
Copernicus. Galileo
obviously supported the
Copernican theory which
angered the pope. In
1633, Galileo was brought
to trial for heresy.
5. Under threat of torture, he knelt before the cardinals and
proclaimed Copernicus’ ideas false. Popular legend
reports that as Galileo was led from the pope he
muttered, “But it does move.” He was never to live as a
free man again. He lived under house arrest until he died
in 1642.
6. It was a new approach to science
where there is a logical
procedure for gathering and
testing ideas.
Frances Bacon – was an English
politician and writer who was
interested in science and
developed empiricism or the
experimental method.
This method urged scientist to
observe the world and gather
information about it first, then
draw conclusions from that
information.
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St
Alban 1561-1626
7. French mathematician who
believed that everything
should be doubted until
proved by reason,
mathematics and logic.
He is famous for writing “I
think, therefore I am.”
8. Observation of a
problem or question.
Formation of
hypothesis or
educated guess.
Testing of hypothesis
in an experiment or
data collection.
Analyzing and
interpretation of the
data to reach a new
conclusion.
9. Was an English
scientist who
developed a theory
of motion and
discovered the law of
gravity which would
explain both
Galileo’s planet
revolutions and
Kepler’s pendulum.
10.
11. Zacharias Janssen (Dutch eyeglass maker) –
1590 – invented the first microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch drapery
merchant) – 1670’s – used microscope to
observe bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings.
Evangelista Torricelli (student of Galileo) – 1643
developed the first mercury barometer which
was used to measure atmospheric pressure and
predicting weather.
12. Gabriel Fahrenheit
(Dutch physicist) –
1714 made the first
thermometer to use
mercury in glass and
showed water
freezing at 32
degrees.
Anders Celsius
(Swedish astronomer)
– 1742 created
another scale for the
mercury thermometer
which showed water
freezing at 0
degrees.
13. Andreas Vesalius
(Flemish physician) –
1543 dissected human
corpses and published
his observations in On
the Fabric of the
Human Body which
was filled with
illustrations of human
organs, bones and
muscle.
14. William Harvey (English doctor) – 1628
published On the Motion of the Heart
and Blood in Animals which showed
that the heart acted as a pump to
circulate blood throughout the body.
Edward Jenner (English physician) –
1700’s used cowpox to produce the
world’s first vaccination that was used
to inoculate humans for smallpox.
15. Robert Boyle – 1661 – published The Sceptical
Chymist which proposed that matter was
made up of smaller primary [particles that
joined together in different ways. He also
introduced Boyle’s law which explained how
the volume, temperature and pressure of gas
affect each other.
16. Joseph Priestly (chemist) – 1774 separated
one pure gas from air and noticed how good
he felt after breathing this special gas. Later,
Frenchman Antoine Lavoiosier performed
similar experiments in 1779 and named the
newly discovered gas oxygen.
