High school US history lecture on Progressive era foriegn policy.

1. NEW AMERICAN DIPLOMACY
Objectives:
•Critique Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy as president.
•Explain the Open Door policy and its effects on relations
between the United States and Asia.

2. THEODORE ROOSEVELT’S RISE TO POWER
 In the 1900 election, President McKinley defeated
William Jennings Bryan by a wide margin.
 On September 6, 1901, Leon Czolgosz shot President
McKinley, who died a few days later.

3.  Theodore Roosevelt, McKinley’s vice president,
became the youngest person
to become president.
 Roosevelt believed the United States had a duty to
shape the “less civilized” parts of the world.
 He wanted the United States to become a world
power.

4. DISCUSSION QUESTION
 How did Theodore
Roosevelt view the role
of the United States in
the world?
 He believed the U.S.
had a duty to shape the
“less civilized” parts of
the world, and he
wanted the U.S. to
become a world power.
Question Answer

5. AMERICAN DIPLOMACY IN ASIA
 In 1899 the United States was a major power in Asia.
 Between 1895 and 1900, American exports to China
quadrupled.
 In 1894, the First Sino-Japanese war began between
China and Japan over what is now Korea.
 This ended in a Japanese victory.
 In the peace treaty, China gave Korea independence
and Japan territory in Manchuria.
 The war showed that China was weaker than people
had thought, and that Japan had successfully adopted
Western technology.

6.  Japan’s rising power worried Russia.
 Russia forced Japan to give back the part of
Manchuria to China and later made China
lease the territory to Russia.
 Leasing a territory meant it would still belong to
China but a foreign power would have control.
 This leasehold became the center of a sphere
of influence, an area where a foreign nation
controlled economic development such as
railroad and mining.

7.  President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay
supported an Open Door policy in China.
 They believed all countries should be allowed to trade with
China.
 Hay sent notes to countries with leaseholds in China asking
to keep ports open to all nations.
 Hay expected all powers would abide by this plan.
President William
McKinnley

8. OPEN DOOR POLICY
This cartoon is in regard to the
Open Door Policy, that was
established by U.S. Secretary
of State, John Hay. In this
policy, he stated that everyone
gets equal trade with China,
regardless if they have a
sphere of influence there or
not. In the cartoon, Uncle Sam
is holding a key that opens the
doors to the trade in China.
On the key, it says "American
Diplomacy" because it was an
American diplomat, John Hay,
who initiated this policy. All the
people standing around him
are the countries included in
the policy, such as Germany,
Russia, France, Japan, etc..
The Chinese man in the
background looks very happy,
however, the Chinese were
not very happy with the policy,
therefore it is a Pro-American
cartoon. This cartoon is racist
against the countries around
Uncle Sam, because Sam is
the one with the key,
therefore, saying that because
of Social Darwinism,
America should have control
of the key.

9. THE BOXERS
 The Boxers, also known as the
Righteous and Harmonious
Fists, were members of a
secret society opposed to
foreign influence in China. As
the Boxers laid siege to the
foreign legations in Beijing,
diplomats, foreign civilians, and
Chinese Christians were
trapped behind barricades for
nearly 60 days before an
international rescue team
ended the uprising in August
1900.

10. RUSSO-JAPANESE
WAR OF 1904
In 1904, Japan and Russia went to
war over control of Manchuria and
Korea.
As President, Roosevelt adopted an
aggressive foreign policy, but he also
saw America as deserving a role as
a global peacemaker. In 1906, he
convinced Japan and Russia to
attend a peace conference in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire to end
their conflict. TR was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

11. THE GREAT WHITE FLEET AROUND THE
WORLD…
 After the peace treaty
between Japan and Russia,
relations between the United
States and Japan worsened.
 Each nation wanted greater
influence in Asia.
 They agreed to respect each
other’s territorial possessions,
to uphold the Open Door
policy, and to support China’s
independence.
 The Great White Fleet, 16
battleships of the new United
States Navy, was sent around
the world to show the country’s
military strength.
 Visiting Japan did not help the
tension that already existed.

12. A GROWING PRESENCE IN THE CARIBBEAN
 In 1901 the Hay-Pauncefote
Treaty was signed by the
U.S. and Great Britain gave
the United States exclusive
rights to build and control
any proposed canal through
Central America.
 A French company that had
begun to build a canal
through Panama offered to
sell its rights and property in
Panama to the United
States.
 In 1903 Panama was still a part
of Colombia, which refused
John Hay’s offer to purchase
the land and gain rights to build
the canal.
 Panamanians decided to
declare their independence
from Colombia and make their
own deal with the United States
to build the canal.
 The short uprising against
Colombia was supported by the
United States, which sent ships
to Panama to prevent Colombia
from interfering.

13. PANAMA CANAL
 The significance of this political cartoon is that it is showing that the U.S. is taking control
of Panama from Colombia and taking something that was waiting to happen, or hatch,
and putting it in full swing. The man in black represents bad and France because that is
who we bought The Panama Canal from. Teddy Roosevelt is hiding a shovel behind his
back because he's not telling the motive on which we're helping Panama free
themselves from Colombia.
 The United States
recognized Panama’s
independence, and the
two nations signed a
treaty to have the canal
built.
 Construction of the 50-
mile canal took ten
years.
 It shortened the distance
from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean by about
8,000 nautical miles.

14. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
 In 1904, President Theodore
Roosevelt added a corollary (an
obvious or naturally occurring
addition or subsequent event) to the
1823 Monroe Doctrine, which had
stated that the United States would
protect North and South American
countries. Roosevelt added that the
United States would take action if a
European country interfered in a
Latin American country, even stating
that America would be a
"international police power." A quote
from Roosevelt, "Speak softly and
carry a big stick," referred to his
outlook on foreign policy.
 The corollary was first applied to the
Dominican Republic when it fell
behind in its debt payments to
European nations.
 Latin American nations resented the
growing American influence.
This political cartoon depicts Roosevelt acting
as an "international police power" with his "big
stick." He is shown here protecting Latin
Americans from Europeans.

15. THIS POLITICAL CARTOON SHOWS ROOSEVELT WALKING AROUND THE
CARIBBEAN SEA, TAKING CONTROL OF THE AREA WITH HIS "BIG STICK."

16. DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
 The new president of the
United States, William Howard
Taft, was handpicked by
Roosevelt to succeed him and
consequently continued
Roosevelt’s policies.
 He believed that if American
business leaders supported
Latin American development,
everyone would benefit.
 His policy came to be called
dollar diplomacy.