The Alarming And Troublesome Global Warming Issue

The Alarming and Troublesome Global Warming Issue
Global warming has been one of the most challenging problems our society has encountered and people don't acknowledge that our climate change is
becoming worse as the time goes by. Climate change which is said to be the regular or ordinary weather in an environment consists of patterns like
seasons and temperature. Climate patterns play such an important role in constructing an essential ecosystem, human economies and cultures that rely
on them has raised the surface of the world's oceans in recent decades by melting glaciers and causing seawater to expand as it warms. In addition,
thermal expansion from current and future greenhouse gas desolation and increasing mass losses from the glaciers and ice sheets due to warming
oceans and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The availability of food due to climate controversy is also becoming an increasing cause of morality. Another example is theLoggerhead sea turtle
which is another animal that is highly being threatened by the sea–level rise because the sea levels impact the sea turtles nesting beach. Due to the
melting of ice caps and rising sea levels, Northern America beaches are beginning to vanish. Therefore, warmer ocean temperatures are also likely
to impact food resources for sea turtles in a negative approach, and essentially all marine species. A highly essential and important food for the sea
turtles is the coral reef which is in very poor conditions in the U.S territory. As a result of rising temperatures, coral reefs are in pain and facing
hardships from a "bleaching" effect that is known to kill off portions of the reef. In the article, "Assessing the Environmental Impact of Beach
Nourishment" by Charles H. Peterson, he discusses that such beach "nourishment" can bury shallow reefs and degrade other beach habitats. The
effects of the sea turtles such as the Loggerhead sea turtles are being endangered, "development along ocean shorelines entails substantial risk of
property loss, in recognition of the vulnerability of coastal development to shoreline erosion and flooding, and in response to the value of fish and
wildlife habitat" (Peterson). The habitats of the animals are as vulnerable as ever because of the environment where they live. Beaches and
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What Is Darwin's Theory Of Coral Reefs
Darwin's theory can be proved using recent technologies, since proving it manually would take a long time, as this process needs hundreds of
thousands of years. A computer can be used to recreate a model of an island. We can then observe the effect of water depth, erosion and sunlight on the
island and the coral growth over time. As the island sinks we can calculate how the coral reef develops as sea level varies over time, and compare it to
real life observations. If the calculated model reefs are similar to the real world reefs then Darwin's hypothesis is valid. Moreover, if they are not the
same then the hypothesis is falsifiable. This is due to the fact that the calculated data has been modelled and tested over the passage of thousand of
years, under the same circumstances. Therefore, if the calculated models is different than real world reefs then the Darwin's hypothesis was not the
cause of them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He suggested that this is going to happen to all of the world's volcanic islands. As tectonic plates move, volcano rocks cool down as they are carried
away from a volcanic hot spot, this causes the island to sink as much as few millimeters a year. A possible flow in Darwin's hypothesis, as some
researchers from MIT recently found, is this theory can't explain the trajectories of other volcanic ocean island systems around the world, such as the
Hawaiian islands. These islands show a different progression. The researchers found a fringing reef where they expected to find no reef development
at all. Moreover they found drowned barrier reefs where they expected living barrier reefs. The Hawaiian islands were not sinking into atolls like the
other

The Effects Of Sea Levels On The Environment And Humans
Introduction Over the past couple of decades, the world has recorded the highest rates in rising sea levels. Statistics are drawn from tide gauge
readings, and core samples have revealed that the Global Mean Sea level has risen by ten to twenty centimetres. However, over the last twenty
years, the annual rise rate has been 3.2 millimeters a year. This is nearly double the average speed of the previous eighty years. The rise in sea levels
means that destructive surges of storm push further into the mainland than they previously did, this also means that there are more cases of frequent
nuisance flooding. While we can describe the rising of the sea levels as a natural process, the recent trends are a major cause of concern because the sea
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Recent scientific research has revealed that the sea water from below and the meltwater from above have been slowly seeping under the ice sheets
(Leal and Kovaleva, 22). This has resulted to lubrication of ice streams and causing them to move quickly into the sea. In addition to that, the rise
in temperature is causing the ice shelves that extend from Greenland to melt from below and then break off. c. Melting Polar Ice Caps, and
Glaciers Every summer, large ice formations such as glaciers and polar ice caps naturally melt. The following cold season of winter is meant to
slow down the melting through snowing. However, in a recent couple of years, it has not been the case (Leary, 34). The persistent rise in
temperatures as a result of global warming has led to abnormally higher rates of melting and reduced snowfall due to delayed winters and early
springs. This has led to an imbalance in the ratio of ocean evaporation to runoff leading to rising in sea levels. d. Changes in the Earth's Geology
Constant activity and change characterize the earth 's crust. This means that the earth 's tectonic plates that make up the crust are constantly and
slowly moving. At times the sea levels may change as a result of the elevation of the land. In addition to that, the activity of the crust may change the
vertical of the earth by decreasing or increasing the height of land in both below and above ocean surfaces (Harvey). Consequences of Rising Sea
Levels The rise

Causes Of Sea Level
Daniel Linklater
Sea level rise.
Global sea level rise is potentially one of the biggest problems that the human race will face in the foreseeable future. Significant rise in sea level could
be disastrous for low lying coastal areas in New Zealand and all across the globe as people's homes and livelihoods would be destroyed. There are two
main factors that cause global sea level rise, they are: Thermal expansion of the ocean and melting of ice on land such as glaciers and ice sheets in
polar regions. Both of these major causes are driven by climate change (warming in particular)2.
So far, the large majority of sea level rise has been caused by thermal expansion of the ocean. The Earth is warming up due to the warming effect
of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere and more than 90% of the increased atmospheric heat is being absorbed by the ocean surface1. The ocean
is getting warmer and as it warms, its density decreases but its mass stays relatively constant, therefore the volume increases and the sea level rises.
The ocean's density decreases when it gets warmer because the particles gain more energy so they move faster, pushing other particles away, there is
more space between particles so density is decreased and volume is increased3. Global sea level is currently rising at a rate of 3.2mm per year1,
mostly due to thermal expansion.
Sea level rise can also be caused by melting of land based ice. Over the last century there has been an unprecedented increase in global

Puerto Rico Problems
Puerto Rico is a small island in The Caribbean that has a population of around 4 million people. With a mountainous rainforest as well as deserts and
many rivers, Puerto Rico is a very diverse island in terms of geography. It is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It is an island
of the Great Antilles along with the Dominican Republic , Haiti, Cuba and Jamaica. Over the years Puerto Rico is becoming more and more vulnerable
to climate change. Problems such as erosion, flooding and sea level rises, and ocean acidification are affecting many aspects of the island. The coast
of Puerto Rico is very key to the economy and that is where most of the island's infrastructure is located(1). To help reduce risks in Puerto Rico it...
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Relocating residences and businesses and redirecting projects for the future on places threatened by climate change are also common ways to prevent
damage. In New York they have an adaptation plan that uses similar strategies such as the installment of pipes and drain sites because of the flooding
and sea level rise. If these plans were to work in Puerto Rico it would be relevant to many other places that face the problems of climate change that
occur on the shores and which affect the economy, Places like the rest of the Caribbean, coasts of United States and other island

Global Warming : What Everybody Knows
Global warming is an issue that has caused a great deal of situations and problems. This global phenomenon may have been induced by humans and
their activities. However, climate change has a significant impact on humans. According to Dr. H. Steven Moffic from the Medical College of
Wisconsin "people have heard about global warming for years, However, they don't always think the issues are already here." (Casper, 2010, p.92).
Global Warming: What Everybody Knows
Issues that everybody knows about global warming include fundamental risks resulting from extreme weather events, and the change in water supply.
Extreme weather events can lead to the breakdown of infrastructure networks and critical services. These services include electricity, water supply, and
health and emergency services.(Abdelhamid, 2015)
An example of this issue associated with global warming is how Hurricane Katrina demanded 1.7 million people in 2005 to evacuate, and lead to
deaths alongside long–term health problems for 200,000 New Orleans residents. In addition, a mix of rising sea levels, reduced snowfall and
heightened rainstorms threatens to flood the homes of 300,000 California residents in the area of Sacramento–San Joaquin river delta. Thus, possibly
contaminating the drinking water of 24 million people. Furthermore, drought and floods have caused malnutrition, huge migrations and international
conflict. It is thought by researchers that 50 million people around the world may become

The Effects Of Fossil Fuel Consumption On Earth
Introduction:
Good afternoon, Citizen of Oregon. It is the year 2062 and your state, the nation, and the entire planet face catastrophe. The analysts and hippies were
right – not only is human induced climate change in full effect, it is bringing life on Earth as we know it to an end. Yes, you should have listened to
the environmental scientists (and the "hippies") about the detrimental impacts of fossil fuel consumption, but you did not. Now you are here: the
continued use of fossil fuels has released ridiculous amounts of greenhouse gasses into the air. Just as you were warned, the ice caps melt, oceans
levels continue to rise, the weather grows more extreme, and changes in all of Earth's ecosystems persist – water reservoirs deplete, countless animals
go extinct, and the mass migration of humans has begun. Worse yet, unannounced positive feedback loops accelerate the process even further. Your
once beloved Portland, Oregon is now home to hundreds–of–thousands of refugees – and this is the least of your problems. Now you are back in 2016,
relatively safe and sound. The world of 2062 described above may seem improbable and far away; yet, daily individual, institutional, and governmental
actions continuously bring this catastrophic world closer and closer. If the human race wishes to avoid or at least lessen the risks associated with climate
change, all persons must begin to ask a vital set of questions. First, what are the risks of climate change and how do they affect

SLR In Salem: A Case Study
Purpose:
Climate change is occurring and the impacts are already being felt in many regions. Studies conducted are typically done at the global, national or
state level. The need to assess the threat associated with sea level rise at local level is important because local governments and private citizens are
likely to be the first to deal with this potential problem.
To the best of my understanding the City has done a hazard mitigation plan but doesn't include climate change and sea level rise. So, the goal of this
study is to understand and identify potential impacts by SLR in Salem and to show geographically where future flooding level due to SLR may be
within the Salem. The proposed solution is to identify vulnerable areas using three potential flood height scenarios which have been modeled by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of 2.7 meters, 3.7 meters, and 4.6 meters depending on the level of future carbon
emissions. These scenarios, based on projections of low, moderate, and high carbon emissions scenarios, are calculated by adding predicted sea level
rise by the year 2100 to height of the highest tide above median sea level to height of storm surge. These flood height levels were used to assess areas
of the Salem City that are at risk of flood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The towns in the region include Beverly, Danvers, Manchester, Marblehead, Peabody and Salem. In Salem Sound changes in the region's climate over
the next century are likely to have serious impacts on the region's economy, infrastructure, and natural environment. The Salem City within Salem
Sound is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR) being a coastal community located on north coast of Massachusetts. As Salem is a destination
for tourists year round, Salem's priority is to remain a vibrant, livable City that has a strong economy and continues to be a destination for tourists from
around the

Climate Change : The Primary Causes And Effects Of Climate...
Climate Change Effects The climate change is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average surface temperature over the years primarily due to the
greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels. Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation
received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certainly, human activities have been identified as primary causes of ongoing climate change,
often referred to as global warming.
Climate change has been a problem for many years. Usually, people tend to think that this problem has been developed in the last decades, but that is
absolutely false. Climate change is originate from more than 5,000 years ago when the first humans beings started clearing land by cutting and
burning forest according to the Professor of Environmental Science William F. Ruddiman. This happens because when forests are burn, carbon
dioxide goes into the atmosphere thus causing damage to the environment. Clearly, the earth has experienced climate change in the past, but the
current climatic warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events. The effects of climate change are affecting our ecosystems
considerably. Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking
up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner. The effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from
global climate change are now occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.
To begin with, one of the most important effects of the climate change is that the temperatures will continue rise. Because human–induced warming is
superimposed on a naturally varying climate, the temperature rise has not been, and will not be, uniform or smooth across the country or over time.
The National Climate Assessment (NCA), which is a central component of the U. S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), stated in the last
report to the congress that the temperatures are going up little by little.
Second, another effect that will impact the earth because of the climate change, it is the rise of

Global Warming : A Controversial Issue
"Preventing global warming from becoming a planetary catastrophe may take something even more drastic than renewable energy, superefficient
urban design, and global carbon taxes" (Jamais Cascio, TED Talk). Global warming has been a highly controversial issue. Global warming is the
everlasting rise in the standard temperature of earth due to widespread accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which ultimately forms a
layer that traps heat and warms the planet. With the temperature rising, this causes the melting of the polar ice caps. Ultimately, this causes the sea
levels to rise, which can threaten lives and the environment. According to Olutoyin Fashae and Olumide Onafeso, "global sea levels have been
estimated to rise significantly." The effect of sea level rising and ocean surge is causing major impacts ofclimate change to the urban Lagos in Nigeria.
Within the past 100 years about 70% of the world's shorelines have been consumed by the ocean waters, while 30% of it have been stable and 10%
have been quickly advancing (Bird 1993). As global warming and sea level rises, more and more of the world's beautiful shorelines are eroding further.
According to studies it has been shown that atmospheric toxins such as nitric acid can cause corrosion through acidification. This is a possibility to
the eroding shorelines of Lagos due to the corrosion effects of global warming ("Impact of climate change on sea level rise in Lagos, Nigeria"). Lagos is
one of the most

Rise Of The Ocean Research Paper
As the Earth's surface temperature continues to rise, the ocean water temperature rises as well, creating many adverse effects on the ocean and
continents. The temperature of the top layer of the ocean is currently rising at a rate of 0.2В° F per decade, while this might seem insignificant, the
rising temperature of the ocean has a large impact on many aspects of life. Climate change will have a significant impact on sea level, weather, and
ocean acidity.
As the Earth continues to heat up, sea levels rise because the warmer water takes up more space than colder water. This process, known as thermal
expansion, creates a myriad of problems on the coastlines and surrounding coastal areas ("Coastal Areas"). Coastlines and the surrounding coastal areas
face the potential risk of flooding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rising sea levels can also erode shorelines, which will in turn make flooding more severe. Another severe effect of rising sea levels is saltwater
intrusion. Saltwater intrusion occurs when saltwater intrudes into groundwater, contaminating drinking supplies, irrigation supplies, and agricultural
fields ("Sea Level"). As the ocean temperatures continue to rise, sea level rises with it as seen in Figure 1. This graph shows the rate at which sea
levels are rising as ocean temperatures rise. Rising sea level can be contributed to two factors, thermal expansion and melting of sea ice. Since the
1970's, the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean around the North Pole has been shrinking, and getting thinner. The warmer water and atmosphere causes the
Arctic sea ice to melt more than usual during the summer months. Not only will the melting of sea ice have

How Does Climate Change Affect Agriculture
Will Climate Change Affect Agriculture?
Climate change otherwise known as global warming has been an ongoing issue for decades. Beginning in the 19th century, climate change has
increasingly affected Earth and its atmosphere. Rising levels of carbon dioxide are warming the Earth's atmosphere, causing rising sea–levels, melting
snow and ice, extreme fires and droughts, and intense rainfall and floods. Climate change has and will continue to affect food production, availability of
water, and can add to many health risks in humans and animals. In fact, in an article by Justin Gillis titled, "Scientists Warn of Perilous Climate Shift
Within Decades, Not Centuries" he focuses on a paper written by a former NASA climate scientist, James E. Hansen, explaining the effects of climate
change on Earth today. Although many believe Hansen's theories in the paper are quite far–fetched, the author mentions, "Despite any reservations they
might have about the new paper, virtually all climate scientists agree with Dr. Hansen's group that society is not moving fast enough to reduce
emissions of greenhouse gases, posing grave risks" (Gillis). Gillis validates the fact that climate change has been rapidly expanding throughout Earth
and society has not been able to reduce it fast enough. Many negative risks are being posed and will continue to mount if the issue of climate change
is not taken seriously. Although climate change negatively affects nearly all aspects of Earth, it poses a big

Global Warming Is Too Serious For The World
"Global warming is too serious for the world any longer to ignore its danger or split into opposing factions on it." This quote by Tony Blair explains
how global warming is too grave for it not to be taken solemnly or to fight over whether it exists or not. Today humans are seeing a rise in the
temperatures, last year 2015 was the hottest year ever recorded(miller). As a result, thermal expansion happens which causes the water to expand and
the loss of land–based ice to melt due to increased temperatures. Due to global warming sea levels are rising; therefore, society should lower its
emission gases because it will displace millions of people.
Earth is getting warmer each year in fact according to NOAA 2015 broke lot of records. Since the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antarctica ice melt really cost the world attention 2013 when iceberg nearly the size of Singapore broke off the Pine Island Glacier. Later on a
ground breaking report it was found that the whole western side of Antarctica is actually melting away. If only the western part of the Antarctica
melts away it will reshape the world map as we know it. For the most part, thermal expansion and ice melt are two major causes of sea level rise.
The rising sea level is a problem because the salt water will get into fresh water supply. As the sea level rises the salt water will get into our fresh
water supply which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources. According to Barlow the repercussion of salt water intrusion can vary
depending on how bad is the intrusion. It can make the water undrinkable can affect people who rely on it. For example, some areas in New
Jersey, where groundwater has been lowered water tables by up 30 meters, saltwater has caused over 120 water supply to be closed. In others
words, people who live along the coastal and relay for underground water as their drinking water will be in danger of losing their supply because
saltwater will get into the freshwater supply. Also, Florida has already seeing their Everglades contaminated with salt water. The rising sea level are
changing the Florida's Everglades. The Plants that survive in salt water are increasing along the coast

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth
Climate change is the process of change in average long term weather patterns. These long term changes can be limited to small local areas such as
cities or countries, large broad areas or cover the overall climate of Earth. Climate change occurs naturally due to the orbit of the Earth, ocean changes,
changes in solar radiation levels and volcanic disasters. Although these natural influences do play a part in climate change most scientists believe that
the rate of climate change that the Earth has experienced recently is not an entirely natural occurrence. These scientists believe that humans are having
a large impact on recent climate change. Climate change that is influenced by human activity is called anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic
climate change is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are heat retaining gases that over time collect in
the atmosphere. Some of the most common greenhouse gases that are having a large effect on the rate of anthropogenic climate change are carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. When these gases are emitted they cause the atmosphere to become thicker and retain more heat from the sun. The
process of these greenhouse gases collecting in the atmosphere is causing the temperature on Earth to increase. The two main causes of anthropogenic
climate change are the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Burning the fossil fuels coal, oil and gas releases carbon. Trees naturally absorb

beach erosion Essay examples
. Cape Hatteras Lighthouse is the 208–foot tall landmark was just hauled more than a quarter–mile back from its former perch, where it was threatened
by the encroaching sea. Coastal erosion chewed away about 1,300 feet of beach, bringing the waves to within 150 feet of the 4,800–ton sentinel. When
the light was erected in 1870, it stood about 1,500 feet back from the waves. The lighthouse, on the Outer Banks, North Carolina's long barrier beach,
was built to warn ships from waters called "the graveyard of the Atlantic." Ironically, the move should serve as a warning about the
growing problem of coastal erosion. Erosion is not just ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
В· The gradual sinking of coastal land (since the height of the land and the sea are both changing, we use "relative sea level rise" to
describe the rise of the ocean compared to the height of land in a particular location). В· Efforts to reduce erosion that have backfired and instead
increased it. В· Global warming, which is expected to accelerate the rise in sea level. The upshot is a threat to beaches and coastal communities around
the world. At stake is far more than a movie mogul's mansion. New Orleans, now several feet below sea level, would face a greater threat of
annihilation. Island nations across the Pacific Ocean could disappear beneath the waves. Millions of Bangladeshis, already exposed to typhoons that
drown hundreds of thousands at a time, would have to find new homes in one of the Earth's most crowded nations. The predictions growing out of
global warming studies are unsettling. Much of Long Island's extensive barrier beach, including not just the homes of the rich and famous in the
Hamptons, but also public treasures like the vastly popular park at Jones Beach, would be submerged if sea levels rise by three feet, according to a
projection by the National Environmental Trust, a Washington, DC, advocacy group. A three
–foot rise over the next 50 to 100 years is possible, but
extremely unlikely, according to current predictions. Coastal

How Does Sea Level Affect Salt Water Intrusion?
All around the world the tides have a different level that it raises and lowers. The datum used in measuring land elevation and water depths is sea
level. Over the past 100 years the sea level has been rising to 1/16 inch per year and in the early 1900s the sea level has doubted to 1/8 inch per year
and the current sea level is continuing to rise. As the sea level rises, it changes and affects salt water intrusion, thermal expansion, and the future
(Lerner, 2014).
Salt water intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers. Changes in the climate and sea level drives changes to the coastal
groundwater system, which affects the public groundwater supply wells. A study on the impact of sea level rise on saltwater intrusion... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
coastal cities. The Gulf and southern Atlantic Coast could be possibly be hit hard, cities like Tampa, Miami, New Orleans, and Virginia Beach. Those
cities could also lose more than 10% of land by then. With 40.5 million people living in the coastal municipalities, twenty of those cites had more than
300,000 inhabitants. "Impacts from sea–level rise could be erosion, temporary flooding, and permanent inundation." (Weiss, 2011.) Erosion is when
continents are continually losing sediments to the sea, the sediments slowly fill the ocean basin, pushing sea level up. (Mylroie, 2012.) A study was
done on the effect of the future sea level rising on the propagation of tides in the Patagonian Shelf. The effect of flooding of low lying areas was
studied, the coastal morphological features and the sense of tidal wave propagation in the southern Hemisphere, and inundation does not significantly
modify the solution on the Patagonian Shelf, but in the Northern Argentinean Shelf the results are changed. The most important changes to the
characteristic of tides can occur when sea level rising. (Clara, 2015.) Studies shows that coastal cities are more vulnerable than others. (Hughes, 2015.)
For example, like the Atlantic coast the sea level will rise three to four times faster than global average. "Everything we see shows that, if you look in
the past, each increment of warmth seems to correlate with increasingly higher sea level." (Sumner,

The Negative Impacts Of Rising Sea Levels
Over the past 100 years, global sea levels have risen at astounding rates and only now are governments, business, and people beginning to understand
just how negatively this will affect the world, not only now, but in the future as well. For many ports the growing issue of how rising sea levels, both
locally and globally, is one that they do not have a plan in place to address it. The ports face a negative impact from damage to both their own facilities
and equipment, but also the infrastructure in the areas surrounding the port. Financing any additions or upgrades to a port's operations will be difficult
for many reasons such as that the variability in the expected rise in sea level for the over the next century makes it difficult for accurate planning to be
done.
Rising sea levels has two main causes, increased glacier melt and the water itself expanding as it gets warmer known as thermal expansion (U.S.). The
increased heat in water that is causing glaciers to melt and the water to expand is largely due to greenhouse gas emissions (U.S.). The dependence on
fossil fuels by many countries around the world means that there will be difficulties in reducing continued damage to the atmosphere from greenhouse
gasses ("Causes"). Another reason that greenhouse gas emissions have had such negative effect stems from the destruction of forests, particularly those
in tropical locations ("Causes").
Sea level is expected to continue to rise despite changes that have been or

The Effects that Sea Level Rise Will Have on Humans
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Overview. Sea level rise is a growing issue that is currently affecting the world as we know it. Due to the continually rising of greenhouse gases
emissions in many continents across the world, it has now faced us with this significant problem. As these greenhouse emissions are being released into
the atmosphere and damaging it, it results in the prolonged effect in the rise of global temperatures in which results in the devastating issue that has
affected many countries in the 21st century.Climate change and the effects of it now have a clear interaction with each other and now is becoming a
reality in the scientific world. Recent reports from the world's scientific community have shown that human activities are one of the main causes and
are responsible for global warming, global climate change and sea level rise (IPCC). These are due to various human activities, where the ultimate
result is global warming, leading to the rise in sea level. Due to these causes responsible for these dramatic changes in the global environment, they
are expected to continue increasing in both temperature and sea level rise during the current century and beyond unless a significant change is made
in the terms of global warming in the coming years (Church et al., 2006). Rising temperatures in the globe causes the sea level to rise and this is one
of the main problems that low lying coastal areas, such as Galway City, affects by the overflow of the sea inland and

Climate Change Has Become A Significant Policy Issue...
Climate change has become a significant policy issue debated by the entire global community. Through out earth's existence, climate change has been a
part of the evolutionary process. Earth's climate goes through a sequence of glacier and inter–glacier periods. These are periods where the earth heats
up and global warming takes over the land. Then, there will be a period of an ice age, where snow and ice encompass most of the land. Recent studies
provide evidence to this theory and additionally show that the world is in a current warming period. Dealing with a warming period, a school of
thought argues that humans are the primary factor of the rising sea levels. An opposing argument tries to prove that the current situation of sea level
changes is as the result of a natural cycle of warming and cooling. Regardless of the perspective on this issue, all parties have a common
understanding that the ocean level is in fact rising. Around the world, evidence supports the fact that the world is going through a warming period.
From the melting glaciers to the lack of snowfall, the warming period is upon us and the largest effect is the coastal lines around the world. As far
back as records hold, the ocean level has been on a slow but steady ride. But towards recent history, for either side of the climate argument, the steady
increase has grown rapidly even shockingly. It has already impacted major cities around the world. Scientist at National Geographic have found some

Storm Surge Research Paper
Storm Surge and loss of infrastructure: 15 of Florida's 20 major cities are located within coastal counties. More has to be done in order to help prevent
these cities from being inundated with floods and other storm events. "The annual frequency of major hurricanes (Saffir–Simpson Scale categories 4
and 5) may gradually increase in response to global warming. Major hurricanes usually generate the highest levels of storm surge, which will be
exacerbated by sea–level rise. The potential for damage to infrastructure from these events may increase by a factor of 30% compared to current
levels" (Hoyos et al., 2006; Bender et al., 2010). This infrastructure must either be moved back, which would be considered drastic but safest. Or they
need ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coastal flooding is caused due in part by the tidal cycles. High tides will be more prone to over wash into coastal communities. "Especially during
spring and fall high tides and during sea swells due to seaward storms, strong onshore winds, and other causes" (Murley et al., 2008). Flooding can
impact more than just roadways and other low–lying areas, it can also influence the storm water drainage systems. Most of Florida's drain water
systems are gravity feed. Meaning that an increase in sea level will reduce their effectiveness. This is due to there being more water in the storm
drains. With more water in the drains there will be less water these systems can take in, causing more flooding. "Because climate change is expected to
cause more intense rainstorms and hurricanes, sea–level rise will exacerbate the risk of inland flooding during intense rainfall, especially in low–lying
interior flood plains such as exist in southeastern Florida"(Heimlich et al., 2009). "Sea–level rise of as little as 3 to 6 inches may begin to compromise
the effectiveness of the area's coastal flood–control structures, reducing their capacity by as much as 20% to 40% by 2030. By about 2040, 6 to 9
inches of sea–level rise may reduce their capacity by 65% to 70%. Most of these early impacts will be felt in low–lying coastal areas, such as southern
Miami–Dade and the St. Johns River watershed" (Heimlich et al., 2009; Obeysekera, 2009) This increase in inefficiency due to sea level rise will
cause 100 year flood events (1% chance of happening each year) to become 50 to 20 year events(2% to 5%

The Effect of Melting Glaciers
One of the major effects of the changing of our climate in recent years has been on our glaciers. These massive sources of fresh water can greatly
change our ocean climate, which can lead to many negative effects on the marine environment. The ecosystems within this environment rely on a
delicate balance, and glacial melting can seriously upset this equilibrium.
One example of how glacial melting affects marine life is acidification. Each year the ocean absorbs about two thirds of human output of CO2, which
is sent into the deep ocean layer. However, since the rate of CO2 has increased so much, the amount dissolved into the oceans has increased greatly.
Dissolved carbon dioxide creates carbonic acid, which decreases the PH level in our oceans, making it more acidic. Although the pH of the ocean has
constantly been changing, this rate of change has increased recently. Scientists are unsure exactly what this could mean for ocean life, but the results
have the potential to be devastating. If the pH decreases faster than the organisms can evolve and adapt, then productivity could be decreased and
survival could become difficult. Specifically crustaceans that use calcium carbonate in order to make their shells will be affected if the CO2 levels
are not soon taken care of because scientists predict that if the PH level drops the expect .5% in the next century, then we are looking at a potential
60% decrease in calcium carbonate. As humans we could try to prevent this, but

Coastline Erosion Research Paper
The very nature of our ocean is to rise and fall, to sway with the pull of the moon, and to churn violently as the winds howl. The ocean has been this
way since its inception and it will continue to do so as the arrow of time marches on. There have been cycles in which the nature of the ocean has
wavered, but an equilibrium is kept, and life adapts. However, in our grotesque folly, we have decided that this should no longer be the case. We have
changed the nature of our oceans so suddenly that life is crushed by force exerted through this change. Temperatures rise without regard to ecosystem or
environment. Glaciers sweat profusely from the bombardment of heat. Sea levels rise. The importance of the oceans to the world at large cannot be
understated.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the sea rises, the waves push more into the coast and drag the coastal deposits back into the ocean. Similar to hill sides and mountain sides that
experience erosion when they have low or no existing vegetation to protect from the eroding effects of the weather, coastlines face the issue of
erosion as well. If this were to happen, the recession of coastline ecosystem may lead to more damaging effects due to the sea and its weather on
the nearby land area and people. Fortunately, the effects of coastline erosion can be somewhat mitigated. With regards to diminishing coasts, there
will be a massive displacement of people. As the sea level rises, the current coastlines will recede. Unfortunately, there are large portions of people
who live near coasts. This is especially true on islands. With the sea level rising, we will need to find ways to take care of the people that will
leave the area and the large amount of damage done by the encroaching coast line. There are remedies to these issues, one of which is build up
fortifications against the sea rise. The sea rise can be mitigated through various means. One of these is to build a wall that will keep water out of
areas that are near the sea and in danger of flooding or destruction due to sea level

Climate Change : Sea Levels
Sea–level rise is one of the most significant effects of climate change. As global temperatures rise, ice in the polar–regions will continue to melt,
dumping tons of additional water into the ocean. Warmer water temperatures will also lead the oceans to expand high projected rates of future
sea–level rise. "These factors will cause sea levels to increase and swamp coastal areas all over the world" (Oceans and Sea Level Rise). Particularly,
countries which are located in low–lying areas as well as islands, are concerned that their land areas would be decreased due to inundation and coastal
erosion and, at worst, a large proportion of their population may be forced to migrate to other countries. Although flooding is an obvious consequence
of rising sea levels, there are numerous other effects to consider. The current rising sea levels due to global warming are effecting the environment in a
number of ways. (Oceans and Sea Level Rise)
"As the rising sea crawls farther up the shore, in many places it will seep into the freshwater sources in the ground that many coastal areas rely on
for their drinking water" (Harvey) These underground water aquifers are crucial sources of freshwater. In fact, groundwater accounts for most of the
planet 's freshwater. Once the saltwater contaminates the fresh water it is unsafe to drink. (Harvey) "While it is possible to remove the salt from
water, doing so is an expensive and complicated process" (Talbot). Desalination projects in India, Saudi

Drinking Water Pollution and the Earth's Rising Sea Level...
Water is one of the basic foundational units of life. It is very easy to take it for granted; after all, it does make up three–quarters of the total global
surface. It has no taste, no smell, and no color. When considered on the most basic level, it is not very exciting or stimulating at all. Its simplicity is
infinitely remarkable, yet it is indispensable to the perpetuity of all life forms here on Earth. So why has it taken so long for us to open our eyes to both
its splendor and fragility? We as a people seem to understand that existence is impossible without water, yet we continue to sabotage it both consciously
and unconsciously.
The purpose of this essay is to heighten awareness of a couple of problems as they relate to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to this the global climate has begun to rise significantly, especially since the late 1970's. The National Academy of Sciences expects
doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by the end of the 21st century, and this could raise the Earth's temperature
anywhere from 1.5–4.5 celsius degrees by that time. Global warming affects the climate patterns of Earth in many ways, such as rises in temperature
and precipitation and decreases in soil moisture. Agricultural productivity will increase in northern regions, but without moisture in the south it will
drop dramatically. In addition there will be more frequent and violent storms and a plethora of local impacts around the world.
Global warming causes a rise in sea level because of two main phenomena: thermal expansion of warming ocean water and melting of glacial ice. A
water level increase as significant as twenty inches could be reached by the year 2100. To provide a working idea of this, twenty inches is enough to
submerge about 8500 sq. miles of the southeastern coastline of the United States (New York Times).
The Science Behind the Issue:
The greenhouse effect is a very real and therefore terrorizing theory. If the atmosphere did not retain part of the solar radiation being reflected back into
space from the Earth's surface, then our planet would become cold and uninhabitable. However, the

How Do Ocean Currents Affect The Climate System
The Way of the Ocean
Ry Cox
11/17/15
Ocean currents are a very big part of the world's oceans. Ocean currents move water, circulating around the globe pushing warm and cold water all
around. These ocean currents are driven by the rise and fall of tides, wind, the sun, energy, surface currents, and subsurface currents. But how does the
temperature of the ocean currents affect the ocean? All of these make up ocean currents and help it affect the climate system. Ocean currents also affect
the climate system by circulating around the world and using what it is driven by. Without ocean currents there would not be enough moisture or
energy in the world.
Two of the many big parts in ocean currents are surface currents and subsurface currents. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Ocean Currents) Right now oceans are being affected by global warming, and not in a good way. "Global warming is a gradual increase in the overall
temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants."(Google Dictionary) Some of the many things are being affected in the ocean. Like the "sea levels,
coastlines, ocean acidification, sea water, sea temperatures, tides, the sea floor, the weather, and ocean currents." (Wikipedia) Over the past century
it has been seen that sea levels have risen by a lot because of global warming and that has contributed to the temperature increases of the ocean. The
ocean has started to get warmer and warmer. Studies have shown that global warming might be changing the direction of the Atlantic Ocean currents
and that can disturb sea life and land. As warmer water is coming onto cold water places in the ocean, the warm water is pushing the cold water way.
Tides and waves are made by surface currents and subsurface currents and help the ocean currents move. (Currents) The temperature of the ocean
currents is a big part because it helps make the circulation pattern as the currents move around. (Pidwirny) What makes the ocean currents spin in a
circular formation and move to different parts of the ocean is called a gyre. "Gyres are what

San Diego Environmental Impacts
Climate change is affecting humans every day, and yet most of us have found that every region of the globe is affected in some way or another.
For us here in San Diego, California, in the Western Hemisphere, on the west coast, United States, North America, that impact is felt mostly with
rising sea temperatures and rising sea levels. There are noticeable predictions that by 2050, rising sea levels here will rise as stated: ""At least a 16
inch sea level rise is expected in San Diego, Ca by 2050, with a projected rise of 50% by the turn of the century." San Diego, Ca has several beaches
locally therefore this is a concern here. There are multiple beachfront properties and businesses that would be impacted by loss of profit margins, and
potentially flooding if this was to occur. The property losses would potentially be in the millions and this does not take into consideration the impact
that sea mammals would feel. By 2100, the projected sea level rise (SLR) would be 5 meters above normal...and some widely projected margins
estimate those 7–23 inches possible for SLR in the coming years. The Fourth Assessment (4AR) by the IPCC of 2001 gives these projections for the
21st. century. Certainly not current by any means however these projections are for this current century. Any sea level rise would have serious impacts
on creeks, streams, rivers estuaries, watersheds and local beaches. These would be the long–term and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also referred to as ocean acidification, this has the effect of lowering the oceans balance of PH, therefore making it more polluted. This has an
adverse affect on sea life as it will dissolve the protective shells and eliminate the historic kelp beds in the state of California. Other longer–term effects
would be changing rain patterns, warming air and rising sea temperatures, as well as increased storm

The Effects Of Global Warming On Earth
To sustain life on earth, the earth temperature must be maintain at a very delicate figure. But what if the unthinkable happens? What if the earth's
temperature was to increase by a just mere half a degree, maybe a full or even two or three, the effects could be devastating to the environment, to me
and to you. Unfortunately we may have the opportunity to see the effects of the earth temperature rising a few degrees in this lifetime. According to
scientist, for hundreds of thousands of years, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect kept the earth at a comfortable temperature to allow life
on earth. This process is necessary to support and maintain life on earth. But just like any good thing, too much of it could be dangerous. Greenhouse
gases acts as a blanket that is wrapped around the earth. This traps energy in the atmosphere and the energy is then heated up by the sun's rays.
Because of this, another phenomenon has come to be. It is known as global warming. Global warming is constant rise in the global average
temperature near the surface of the earth. Although to some, global warming is nothing more than a myth, a rumor to scare the race into rethinking
their selfish acts, but global warming is no myth. I believe that global warming is far from a myth, it is real and it is dangerous. The evidence is all
around us. If you look to the stars, you can see that the atmosphere is full of human–produced molecules that is casing the earth to warm. If you look at
the same

The Effects of Rising Sea Levels Essay
The Effects of Rising Sea Levels
Introduction:
Over the last several decades, climate change has evolved from a polarizing discussion to what will likely be the largest collaborative research project
of our generation. While many aspects of climate change are still misunderstood, there is little debate that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere is rising at an alarming rate. This rise is considered the main cause behind an increase in global temperature, which has set in motion a
chain reaction of climatic events.
Atmospheric carbon impacts the temperature of the Earth because it is a greenhouse gas. When visible light from the sun heats the surface of the earth,
some of the energy is transmitted back towards the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While thermal expansion is difficult to observe on a small scale, such as a glass of water, it can have a significant impact on a massive volume of
water such as the combined oceans of the world. Melting land ice, the other major factor in the sea–level rise, is a more straightforward issue. As
global temperature increases, land–based glaciers and ice will melt sooner and accumulate later. Naturally, this runoff will lead to an increase in the
total amount of water in the ocean.
The combination of these and other trends was an estimated average sea–level increase of 1.5mm per year between 1961 and 2003, which reached
2.4mm per year in the decade from 1993 to 2003. The decades prior to this trend showed only minor fluctuations in sea–level, suggesting that the
current rate exceeds what could be caused by natural cycles. While the exact impact of rising oceans is difficult to determine, it is certain that the
consequences will include some degree of flooding, integration of salt water into water tables, and a loss of land due to coastal erosion and submersion.6
Hypothesis:
Decades of research suggest that sea–levels are rising, and will continue to rise as a result of climate change. This rise will have the most immediate and
significant impact on

The Rise Of Sea Levels
As we arrive into another new year the same environmental issues plague us, waiting for more to be made to change the way things are done. One
particular issue is the rise of or current sea levels, and even more troublesome the fact that the rate is going faster than scientist expected and how
much of a impact it will have on land and aquatic life. Studies show that scientist have tracked the seas levels throughout time but were unbothered
due to the fact that the increase was by very minute changes. Scientist first began to realize the rise of sea levels during the 20th century, where
concern began to increase. "Records and research shows that sea level rise has been rising at a rate of 0.04 to 0.1 inches per year ("Is sea level" 2016).
I believe that sea level rise is just one of the many causes of global warming. But more specifically sea level is said to be caused by "thermal
expansion (caused by the warming of the oceans (since water expands as it warms) and land based ice (such as glaciers) due to increased
melting)"(Gaffin, 2002) to me this is something to fear because it's something that could directly affect people just like me, where we normally would
see serious flooding. There are many Americans who live in coastal states whose futures in their current and children's residences are greatly threatened
"Two global models show that even if the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ad been stabilized in the year 2000, we are already
committed to

The Cause Of Sea-Level Rise In The United States
The rising of Sea–Level's is one of the major issues being focused on today. There have been several instances of impacts of the seas rising, in which
certain locations could be submerged, disappear, flood more frequently. The rising of the seas is what causes for the presence of Coastal Resilience.
The reason for this lies within the people.
Causes of Sea–Level Rise is Thermal Expansion and melting glaciers and polar ice caps. Humans happen play a major in the cause of this. The
cutting down of forests and burning fossil fuels is releasing large amount of heat–trapping gases into the atmosphere, causing the warmer of the planet.
This causing the water to heat up. This could also play a role in the reason for the global warming allowing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are mean detrimental events that may occur from it a ruin the world as we know it. Although it may be already too damaged to be completely
removed, it can be fixed or pushed back starting with humans.
References: Sutter, J. D. (2015, May 06). Climate: 9 questions on rising sea levels (2 degrees). Retrieved September 27, 2017, from http://www.cnn.com
/2015/05/05/opinions/sutter–sea–level–climate/index.html nationalgeographic.com. (2017). Sea Level Rise. Retrieved from http:/
/www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global–warming/sea–level–rise/ Parry, W. (2010) Living warmer: how 2 degrees will changeearth.
Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/10325–living–warmer–2–degrees–change–earth.html
Owens, Brian (2016) Sea–level rise may displace 13 million people in the US by 2100. Retrieved from

Ocean Currents Are Affected By Global Warming
The answer is yes. During this quarter we learned a lot about global warming and its disturbing effects on ocean and climate. Ocean currents that are
caused by thermohaline circulation are affected by global warming due to glacial melting in Antarctica and Greenland which cause abundant freshwater
input into thermohaline circulation and thus mixing of freshwater with saline water causes the current to slow down and even possibly to shut down,
for example, ocean current such as Gulf Stream. Likewise, global warming causes tidal range change due to sea level rise, which is caused by the
same factor of glacial melting. NOAA suggests that "tidal datums must be updated at least every 20–25 years due to global sea level rise." According to
Doeke

Current Observable Rise In Sea Level
The current observable rise in sea level provides the world with a clear example of the harmful effects of excess greenhouse gas emissions. Instances
in Norfolk, Virginia and southern Florida clearly represent the dangers that unregulated carbon dioxide emission can pose to the environment, and its
dangerous impact on human life. For example, Norfolk is the home to the the largest naval station in the world and functions as one of the most
critical bases for the United States Navy. However, rising sea levels caused bycarbon dioxide emissions threaten the future of the base and the need to
move the base or adapt it to the new seascape would be a cumbersome burden on American taxpayers. As a result, humans are tasked with finding ways
to curb

Speech Essay On Sri Lanka
Good Morning! I am Nicole Tong from 210. I will be presenting the impacts on Sri Lanka if the sea level should rise by 66m.
Sri Lanka is one of the smallest, but biologically diverse countries in Asia. It contains tropical forests and also hosts many diverse endemic species.
When the sea level rises, animals that live on the coastal areas of Sri Lanka will move inwards in search of food and shelter. Human settlements will
also move inland. They will invade habitats and mating ranges of animals such as the Bubble–nest Frog. The bubble–nest frog is an endangered
species. It lives in southern canopy–covered forests. The movement of these coastal animals may result in the population of the Bubble–nest frog
declining further and eventually becoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coral reefs support fish and other marine animals by providing shelter and food for them. The availability and quality of the fish catch will decrease
due to the change in the ecosystem. As a result, local fisheries would go into a decline. Unfortunately, as most coastal residents rely on fishing to
make a living, a decrease in local fisheries would adversely affect their income and subsequently their standard of living. Not only that, but local
fisheries also play a significant role in the GDP and economy of Sri Lanka. Other than that, coral reefs also protect the coast from coastal erosion
during floods.
Coastal erosion is a major problem in Sri Lanka. A fairly small island by itself, coastal erosion will lead to even less land for Sri Lanka. The coastal
districts also contribute to more than 40% of Sri Lanka's GDP. As such, if severe coastal erosion occurs, it would negatively affect Sri Lanka's economy.
Rising sea level will also lead to flooding and pollution of water surfaces, which will then result in an increase in water–borne diseases such as cholera,
typhoid and viral gastroenteritis.
In addition, destruction of property and submergence of coastal communities due to rise in sea levels will force large numbers of coastal residents to
migrate inland. This will lead to overcrowding and competition for resources and jobs. The overcrowded conditions would allow diseases to spread

Melting Ice Caps Research Paper
Coastal cities all around the world are quite precious to the countries to which they belong. Small and large cities on the water can accumulate
massive amounts of income for countries, with most of it coming from tourists. Unfortunately, these cities are at risk of shrinking in size as a result of
rising seawater levels. Along with less land for those cities to bring in money, it would cost millions of dollars to relocate the buildings and homes
built there. Due to rising average temperatures of the earth, thermal expansion of water, along with melting ice caps, is causing the seawater levels to
rise, which is threatening coastline cities such as New York Cityand Venice, Italy. There are many causes of rising sea levels, with one of the... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New York City is greatly threatened by rising sea levels as "about 400,000 New Yorkers live within the current 100
–year floodplain" (Gerken). The
"100–year floodplain" that Gerken mentions is how much of the city is at risk if the city is to flood. Showing if the city is to flood, or if current
calculations of sea level rise is to continue, 400,000 people in just New York will need to find new homes. If this were to happen, it would be
extremely costly to the city, and there would be less room for revenue from tourists. The problem of sea levels rising is not only a problem in the
United States, it is also a problem all around the world, specifically in Venice, Italy. Any increase in sea levels can pose a large problem for Venice,
and the people of Venice are working to find a way to prevent the effects that rising sea levels have. Over the centuries, "the city's leaders and residents
have dealt with rising sea levels either by demolishing old buildings and erecting new ones on higher, impermeable–stone foundations, or by raising the
entrances to buildings that line the dozens of canals" (Keahey). Keahey states how the people of the city are working together to try to make the rising
water levels not do as much damage. They are doing so by demolishing old buildings and rebuilding them on "higher, impermeable–stone foundations"
and by "raising the entrances to buildings."

The Effects Of Climate Change On Oceans
In addition to carbon dioxide levels and surface temperatures, oceans also provide scientists with evidence of climate change. Oceans play a major
role in climate change because they absorb almost all (90% from 1971–2010) of the energy increase in the climate system ("Summary", 2013, p. 8).
Scientists are confident that ocean surface temperatures have increased since the beginning of industrialization ("Summary", 2013, p. 8) and that
humans have contributed to this ocean warming ("Summary", 2013, p. 17). From 1971–2010, ocean surface temperatures have increased
approximately 0.4–0.5В°C and are projected to increase by 0.3–2.0В°C by 2100 ("Summary", 2013, p. 8). However, temperature is not the only effect
of climate change on oceans; other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The decrease in salinity lowers the density of the northern water, which in turn reduces the difference in density between the northern and southern
waters. As a result, the force that equilibrates the northern and southern waters weakens. As Arctic ice continues to melt, the AMOC could be further
weakened "within a decade or two" and may even shut down currents between northern Canada, Greenland, and northern Europe (Rahmstorf et al.
478–479), The AMOC is likely to weaken by 2050 and very likely to weaken by the end of the 21st century. While the AMOC is unlikely to
"collapse or completely shut down" in the 21st century, it is not impossible that it will shut down any time after that ("Summary", 2013, p. 24). The
AMOC shows that weakening currents are possible and probable and could lead to an increase in more extreme climates.
In addition to weakening global currents, climate change also causes sea levels to rise. According to the IPCC Fifth Assessment report, sea levels have
risen 0.19m from 1901–2010 and have been increasing faster in the last 50 years than in the previous 2000 years ("Summary", 2013, p. 11). Climate
scientists are concerned about rising sea levels because they have the potential to affect coastal sea levels. Research shows that if the global average
sea level increases by 20%, 70% of the world's coastal sea levels could be affected ("Summary", 2013, p. 12). Projections show

Argumentative Essay On Climate Change
Climate change is the global issue of a rising temperature due to human activity. As a result of the rising temperature the polar icebergs are melting.
This is putting more water into the ocean and causing sea levels to rise. Because of the higher sea levels many coastal communities are flooding.
With Massachusetts being a coastal state this could majorly affect us. Given with the current trends of one eighth of an inch per year (NOAA), a
good portion of Massachusetts could be flooded soon. But how soon? And how will it progress over time? This is what we hope to find out with our
project. (Kique Ruiz)
Paragraph 1: According to Merriam Webster dictionary,climate change is the changes in earth's weather patterns. Climate change, however, has come
to be known as the warming of the earth's climate due to Co2. Climate change is rather controversial with the question that is the recent spike in
temperature and Co2 related, and is this spike caused by humans? Many studies have been done by a multitude of organizations. The majority of these
studies all point to one thing. According to skeptical science, "With 60–70 meters of global sea level locked up... Many now seem to converge on 1–2
meters of sea level rise by 2100 (2017)" Also, according to NASA, the global Co2 in the atmosphere is rising at about 2 parts per million per year
(NASA 2017). The sea level is rising at the same time that Co2 levels and global temperature is rising. This has all started around when humans

The Effects of Rising Sea Levels on the United States...
1. Introduction As it stands today the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico is losing more and more land; the amount of land lost each year may seem
relatively small to the average person, but to scientists who understand the unprecedented rate at which this is happening, there is reason to be
alarmed. On the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico there are more reasons for the rising sea level than simply global warming and melting ice sheets or
ice caps. In the Mississippi delta, for example, the oil industry is taking so much fluid (oil) out of the ground that the land is sinking and compacting
further. There is also a decrease in the amount of sediment reaching the delta due to many man–made structures, such as levees, drudging, dikes, and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rising sea level can be caused by a variety of factors and can have an effect or influence even more. Future changes in sea level may impact human
populations around the world and many other aspects of life on Earth more than many initially thought. The U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico is on
track to be one of the most impacted by further sea level rise and the outcome could be detrimental to the entire coastline. 2. Body
2.1 Past fluctuations in sea level: similar or different from today? Over the past several million years sea level has fluctuated considerably higher
and lower than present levels. With these fluctuations the shoreline has shifted inland and further out, onto the continental shelf, than the present
shorelines. The Northern Gulf of Mexico has followed the general path of global sea level during recent geologic time including the time since the
last glacial maximum. During the last glacial maximum, 20,000 years ago, the sea level dropped approximately 100m below the present level
and the shoreline extended 100km onto the shelf in some locations (Donoghue, 2011). Since the last glacial maximum the U.S. coast of the Gulf
of Mexico has seen a rise in sea level at a rate exceeding those seen at any other time. The rate of overall sea level rise since the last glacial maximum
is 6mm a year with some periods of rise in excess of 40mm a year. The rate has slowed and stabilized over the last 6,000 years and this has allowed
ecosystems and

Essay on Climate Change and The Rise in Sea Level
"On a recent afternoon, Scott McKenzie watched torrential rains and a murky tide swallow the street outside his dog–grooming salon. Within minutes,
much of this stretch of chic South Beach was flooded ankle–deep in a fetid mix of rain and sea.
"Welcome to the new Venice," McKenzie joked as salt water surged from the sewers."––––– Michael J. Mishak, Associated Press June 7, 2014 at 4:24
PM EDT
According to the World Bank Development Report 2013 there has been an increase in global surface temperature of 0.4 to 0.9 Celsius (C) in the past
100 years. This change in temperature largely caused, according to the IPCC, by the release of GHGs through human activities. There are several
effects associated to the change in global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recent studies (such as Wigley and Raper, 1987) have shown that 2 to 5 centimeters in sea level rise, in the period of 1880–1985, can be explained by
thermal expansion (Warrick, 1990). Moreover, studies (such as Meier, 1984) have found evidence that 2–6 centimeters of sea level rise can be
explained by the melting of glaciers (Warrick, 1990). According to the International Programme forClimate Change's estimates sea level will rise
between "0.3 and 1.0 meter by 2100, with a best–guess estimate of 0.5 meter" (World Resources, 1998–99). A rise in sea level will most likely affect
coastal, deltaic, and low–lying populations and ecosystems. Still, more of global coastal areas are being developed for the demand of growing
populations. According to World Resources (1998–99), "sixteen of the world's largest cities with populations of more than 10 million are located in
coastal zones." Coastal areas in particular will be affected severely in terms of beach and coastal erosion, permanent inundation, temporary flooding,
and increased water salinity – among other things – are possible environmental consequences of sea level rise. For the United Kingdom "a 1 meter/yr
cliff retreat rate would increase by 0.35

The Myths About Climate Change Essay
Go to this website, which is hosted by Skeptical Science. Read up and then answer the following questions. http://skepticalscience.com/argument.php
1.This link covers many of the myths about climate change.
List two of the myths that you found most interesting.
Outline what each myth is, and what the right answer to that question or item is.
Reviewing the website above, I must say some people are extremely foolish and a vast majority of the claims they make are extremely ridiculous!
Global Warming and Climate change are ever present and the effects are seen worldwide. The fact that there are so many people in denial and so
many claims is just astonishing to me. I really don't know how some of these people can look at their children and claim the scientific evidence out
there regarding climate change is a bunch of bullshit, as Donald Trump would say. It really gets me angry and to know that the necessary changes that
needed to happen years ago will be completely disregarded for many years due to political misconception and corruption is extremely frustrating.
When reviewing the claims, I find them all interesting, some I have heard before and some were new. However the two I'd like to focus on are:
169"Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass"Greenland 's ice loss is accelerating & will add metres of sea level rise in upcoming centuries.
140"We 're heading into cooling"There is no scientific basis for claims that the planet will begin to cool in

The Alarming And Troublesome Global Warming Issue

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