2. Guidelines
There are three main universal design guidelines
that teachers should follow in order to have a
successful classroom. Teachers should:
o Provide multiple means of
representation
o Provide multiple means of
action and expression
o Provide multiple means of
engagement
3. - Process -
Professors at the University of Washington describe the
process of universal design in eight steps:
1. Identify the application
2. Define the universe
3. Involve consumers
4. Adopt guidelines or standards
5. Apply guidelines or standards
6. Plan for accommodations
7. Train and support
8. Evaluate
4. Principles
The Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State
University created seven main principles of universal
design:
1. Equitable use
2. Flexibility in use
3. Simple and intuitive
4. Perceptible information
5. Tolerance for error
6. Low physical effort
7. Size and space for approach and use
5. Application
Universal design can be applied to
curriculum, instruction, multimedia, tutoring, learning
centers, etc.
• In a universally designed classroom, furniture should
be adjustable by height and easily rearranged for
different learning activities or groupings of students.
6. More Applications
Universally designed instruction should include
things like text, audio, graphic layouts, video, and
tactile objects. Teachers should address and be
prepared to teach every type of learning a
student may be accustomed to.
