The Cherokee Writing System

The Cherokee Writing System
The writing system that I chose to write about for this assignment is Cherokee, which is the most southern branch of the Iroquoian language family
(Warren, n.d.). Though, we do not know exactly when Cherokee developed, linguistics believe it was sometime between 1804–1821. Prior to this
Cherokee was a spoken language only, However, in 1821 is when the Cherokee system was first shown to the leaders of the Cherokee nation and
was acknowledged as a useful Cherokee script (Cushman, 2012). It did not take long for the system to spread, by 1830, 90% of Cherokees were able
to understand books, religious texts, newspapers and almanacs in their own language (Ridgon, 2017). The Cherokee writing system is a syllabary
consisting of standardized spelling, shape classifiers, limited consonants and limited pronouns. Even though Cherokee may sound complex, almost
every word can be spelled the way that it is pronounced.
With a total of 16,400 native speakers, Cherokee is a polysynthetic language this is subdivision of the Iroquoian language family (Lewis, 2009).
Cherokee is the only Southern Iroquoian language that is still spoken today as well as being taught in some schools (Summitt, 2012). The Cherokee
writing system consists of a unique syllabary that was created by a Cherokee silversmith named Sequoyah. Cherokees are the only American Indians
with their own writing system which is also the only alphabet in all of history that is the work of solely one man (Holmes, Smith 1977).
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The Chinese Writing System
The Chinese language is a diamond amidst the sea of common languages that one can encounter, more specifically the written aspect of the language. It
is considered one of, if not the, oldest writing system in the world that is still in use today, although now they are altered and simplified the Chinese
writing system and its characters have a very rich history indeed. This writing system is the same system that China used to compile what is now
undisputedly the longest continuous documentation of a nation's or people's history and continues to progress and evolve even today. Before the
Chinese writing history is discussed in any great depth, the more broad history of writing should be discussed. The oldest recorded ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The simple coins used to identify and categorize farming goods gave rise to the practice of pressing coins into the clay tablets to make a like image
of the coins in the form of raised symbols on the clay; the coins used to identify farming and manufacturing goods were then used to create a new
format to be drawn on the clay tablets with a tool called a stylus. The marks left on the clay by using the stylus had a wedge–shaped appearance which
is how these images received the name of "cuneiform" meaning wedge–writing. The earliest known implementation of cuneiform to symbolize sounds
produced by the Sumerian tongue show up on pieces of clay that are estimated to have been produced around the time of 3100BC. These tablets were
discovered around a city called Jemdet, in ancient Nasr which is located in the same area where Iraq resides today. The steps towards a complete
writing system of the Sumerian language most likely developed around 400 to 900 years after the introduction of the cuneiform tablets mentioned above,
this process entails the transition of using these images as a representation of sounds that the Sumerian language creates instead of actual visual
representations of the objects that they are in reference of or as memory aids. After the change from images representing objects to the

The Evolution Of Wordless Societies Essay
The Evolution of Wordless Societies: From Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphics to Emojis Pictures have been around long before words as a means of
communicating. From ancient to modern civilizations, pictures and symbols have been used to convey messages and capsulize the history and culture
of the society. Terms like hieroglyphics and emojis refer to systems of writing in which pictures and symbols represent ideas and sounds. This paper
will examine four writing systems of ancient and modern societies that utilize pictures. Each of the writing systems used pictures along with letters. In
some societies, pictorial uses were reserved for the society's elite, but recently, the use of pictures as primary text has become more main stream.
Throughout time, society 's use of pictures and symbols has transitioned from a more formal to informal method of written communication, however, it
has still maintain its primary purpose.
Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphics was one of the first writing systems to employ pictures. Hieroglyphics was derived from the Egyptian expression "god's
words." First developed in Egypt around 3000 B.C., the system continued to be used for inscriptions on monuments, wall paintings, and religious texts
until the A.D. 300s. (Wallenfels 160) Early inscriptions of this artistic writing form can be found in a group of seals bearing the names of early
Egyptian kings, pyramid Texts, which consist of the funeral liturgy found in royal pyramids and autobiographies found in

Ancient Writing Systems
Without the usage of ancient writing, we would know nothing about history, which makes an ancient writing systems so important. The first type of
writing originated in Mesopotamia, but the writing featured will cover ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, the ancient Greek alphabet, and ancient Chinese
writing systems. These written languages originated around their area without the knowledge of other known writing systems. The Egyptians had
hieroglyphics, while the Greeks had the Phoenician script, and the Chinese had pictographs and characters to represent words for writing systems.
Without these early writing systems, some languages would have not existed today.
Studying written language provides a lot of information about different cultures. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Phoenician script consists of 22 letters with no vowels. Writing Phoenician script goes right to left with upper case letters known as "monumental"
and lower case letters known as "miniscule". Phoenician is called the first fully phonemic alphabet from consonant and vowel sounds but this form of
Phoenician is more advanced. Some of the most famous Phoenician letters are alpha(О¬),beta(бµ¦),kappa(Оє) and omega(О©). Phoenician script was
used by many people in ancient Greece but the people who used it the most was Greek

Difference Between Alphabetistic And Alphabetic Writing...
Alphabetic and Logographic writing systems almost symbolizes two major cultures in the world. The Western, Rome, Greece is where the alphabet
was created and developed over the course of centuries. Alphabetic Writing System such as Latin, French, and English had been used as the main
language and device of Western Culture. Particularly English, it is the franca langua. Although English dominates most of the globe, through
colonization, political powers and such, English or any other alphabetic writing system before that failed to be completely dominant. The reason is the
existence of logographic writing systems particularly Eastern ones, Chinese as the most relevant example. China was by definition, an empire and it
did have many influences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This proves that the rise of English is not dominant. Why is that? Why is one writing system not completely dominates the other? There are two
reasons for that which is the enormous civilization and culture that was already built upon these writing systems and the fundamentals difference
between these two writing systems.
First of all, what are these Alphabetic and Logographic writing systems and why are they fundamentally different? The alphabetic writing system, the
original principle of the alphabetic writing system, in strong contrast to ideographic writing, is a visualization of speech. Ideally each letter represents
one speech sound (grapheme–phoneme correspondence), and rules govern combinations from this small set of basic symbols into higher order
linguistic units.(1) While on the other hand, in a logographic writing system, in theory, each symbol represents one idea. (2). The main advantage of the
alphabet principle is the consistency of the spelling for each word. Because words' consistent spelling, the alphabetic systems have many patterns
recurring in many words making it easier to learn. Also Alphabetic words, since the spelling

Egypt Alphabet Research Paper
The alphabet is what we use to write and read, and it is very important to us. But sometimes people wonder "Where did the alphabet come from?" I am
going to find out.
The alphabet started in Ancient Egypt, where they used a system called hieroglyphs which were signs that represented syllables in their language.
(n the Middle Bronze Age an apparently "alphabetic" system known as the Proto–Sinaitic script appears in Egyptian turquoise mines in the Sinai
peninsula dated to circa the 15th century BC, apparently left by Canaanite workers. In 1999, John and Deborah Darnell discovered an even earlier
version of this first alphabet at Wadi el–Hol dated to circa 1800 BC and showing evidence of having been adapted from specific forms of Egyptian
hieroglyphs

The Creation Of A Writing System Essay
From the hand gestures of early humankind to the Facebook posts of today, humans have always had a strong urge to communicate with each other.
Our ancestors used the art of oral storytelling to pass down folklore from generation to generation. However, this had limitations. The human mind is
prone to forget stories and memories; so early human beings recorded their tales in cave drawings. The cave drawings gave way to the more advanced
hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt, and eventually developed into today's sophisticated forms of writing.
The establishment of a writing system had an enormous influence on the course of history. For example, writing helped establish various religions,
seeing as beliefs were recorded down in religious texts and propagated throughout the land. Laws were established in writing as well. And great
advancements in science and mathematics wouldn't have been feasible without the ability for people to communicate and exchange scientific theories
and ideas effectively. But humanity's desire to interact with each other still wasn't satisfied, and innovations in communication technologies continued.
This strong urge to interact has led us to develop complex communication systems, which have immensely impacted society. However, many of us fail
to grasp the extent to which these technologies in communication shaped the world we live in. Around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany
perfected the printing press, which impacted the world tremendously. It

A Writing Ecology Is A Dynamic, Interconnected System Of...
A writing ecology is a dynamic, interconnected system of communication, which works together through interaction and sharing. As the term 'ecology'
traditionally refers to the relationships between organisms in an environment, the ability to metaphorically link this to a concept of writing redefines
the complexity of networked technologies and the influences of technological change. The ability to participate in a digitally evolving space opens up
new possibilities and opportunities when accessing and expressing knowledge and information. Snowfall (Branch, 2016) is an explicit example of this
as it demonstrates key concepts through optimising its environment. By allowing the audience to actively engage themselves in the text, Snowfall
revolutionised traditional media in its time.
Writing as a digitally networked environment enriches the experience of the reader by allowing them to interact with new technological forms. The
ability to engage in multimodal writing spaces exceeds traditional alphabetic text by drawing upon the audience's sensory responses. New multimodal
media explores still and moving images, music, colour and sound that entices and interacts with the responder. Snowfall is an example of this as it
discusses the affects an avalanche had on the town of Tunnel Creek. Its interactive form produces an interesting layout, which gives the reader a more
active and dynamic experience in contrast to traditional and more restrictive written text. By using a

Learning How to Read and Write Essay
Being the second youngest in my family out of five children, you would think that reading would be easy for me growing up. But learning how to
read was a challenge. It was something that I never thought I would be able to do without a lot of help from my father. Being brought up with my
father, a single parent we had our ups and downs. My father was a very hard working man. He tried his hardest to take of five children. Besides
having a job that required him to work long hours he made sure we had everything we needed. Being single and not having any help from anyone, he
never had any time to help us with homework or reading. Before going to kindergarten I went to a preschool that was just across the street from where
I lived. I... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had asked my sister Buggy, if she would read it to me. She read the book and then reading with her became a daily routine for us every day after
school. I was excited having someone to read to me and that I finally could learn how to pronounce some letters and put them together to read a
word. About three months went by and my sister had moved out. The whole bedtime story and trying to learn how to read had come to a complete
stop. As the days went by, not having anyone to help me with my reading made me feel like my world had ended. I felt like I was never going to be
able to get through grade school. I felt hopeless. When I was about nine years old, knowing what I learned in school as well as what my sister had
taught me I began to read by myself. I knew that I would have to learn some how. At that point I would bring books home from school and try to read
them. It was a challenge for me but I didn't give up. While I was reading out loud to myself at home one day, I remember my little brother coming up
to me and asked "what are you doing?" I replied "reading a story, would you like me to read to you?" Of course he being four at the time said "yes".
From that day on, I read a story to him everyday. He was always excited to see me when I came home from school. I read to him every day until he
started school. When I was finish reading him a book I would go and read more. For me reading became easier as I got older. The more books I read
the less I

The Sumarians Essay
Sumarians, an ancient group of people who lived in southern Mesopotamia around 3500 BC, are attributed with the very first attempts to transcribe
symbols onto moveable materials. The Sumarians developed a 'cuneiform' alphabet, which were then etched into clay tablets with a triangle shaped
stylus called a 'calamus' and then allowed to dry or fired in a kiln to make them last as long as possible. The Sumarians are speculated to be the
earliest people to ever use the first known written system in the world. The earliest surviving Papyrus scrolls that contain written text originate in
Egypt and date back to around 2400 BC during the Fifth Dynasty of King Neferirkare Kakai, although historians have suggested papyrus could have
been used as early as 3100 BC during the First Dynasty. Papyrus is a very thick paper–like material that is made from the 'pith', center of the stem, of
the papyrus plant, a reed like swamp plant that used to be found in abundance along the Nile river. This pith was cut into thin strips, pressed together,
and then glued and dried to form a thin flat surface that could be written on. A calamus, like the Sumarians used, was cut from the stem of a reed and
then sharpened to form a writing utensil, but bird feathers were also used.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He used a combination of mulberries, hemp, old rags, bark, and even used fish nets for the creation of the paper pulp around 105 AD. While paper had
been used in China for wrapping and padding since 200 BC, recent archaeological discoveries have been reported near Dunhuang of paper with writing
on it dating from 8 BC. The very first book was printed on paper in China, using a block of wood that had characters carved in reverse relief. Ink was
then placed on the block of wood to create a prink on the paper. This technique is known as 'woodblock printing' and was originally used as early as
220 AD as a means of printing on

Analysis Of Proust And The Squid By Maryanne Wolf
# Essay 3
*Proust and the Squid,* by Professor Maryanne Wolf, unveils and celebrates reading, "one of the single most remarkable inventions in history." (3)
While it might seem absurd today, reading was invented only a few thousand years ago, and consequently it has had an undeniably colossal influence
on humanity. Imagining a world without text seems unbelievable now, but for the better part of humanity this medium of communication was
nonexistent. In this book,
> [Wolf] hope[s] to push [the readers] gently toward reconsidering things [they] might long have taken for granted–such as how natural it is for a child
to learn to read. In the evolution of our brain's capacity to learn, the act of reading is not natural, with consequences both ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Far from being a one–dimensional action, reading depends on hundreds of interweaving threads and neurons in the human brain. In an infinity loop,
whenever a new experience occurs, the human brain constructs new connections among already existing structures. These new structures enhance the
action of doing the original, causative experience; then those same structures strengthen, and so forth. This positive feedback loop in known as *neural
plasticity,* and is, in short, "the basis for much of who we are, and who we might become." (3)
Reading is an intellectual feat of monstrous proportions. It changes the brain, and thus "[it is a] powerful mirror of... how the brain learns anything
new." (4) To better comprehend its magnitude, Wolf divides her work into three topics: the history of reading, how a modern child learns to read, and
the case when a child struggles to learn to read. These three sections, when taken together, provide a holistic and nuanced view of the act of reading,
making the reader appreciate the things once taken for granted. Out of the three sections, it is the beginning section, which illustrates the invention of
reading in history, that is most

The Importance of Our Writing System through Ancient...
Is the development of the writing system the most important factor that led to the rise of a civilization? How does our ancestor learned to write when
school is not even available? Understand that writing system that I am referring is not the average of using tools such as ink and paper, but more of
creative tool that has developed over time. In this essay, I will cover seven points on the importantance of a writing system in the ancient civilization.
Firstly, a writing system enable our ancestor to keep record. Some of the example of such records are, the amount of goods stored in the storehouse,
taxes owned and the composition of work forces. Record, in another term is known as data. The ability to analyze data become a significant factor in
decision–making. For example, the shortage of food supply in the next month is foresee by the storehouse manager when he is analyzing his records.
He will then be able to inform the purchase team to take note and ask for the permission to purchase more from the neighbor country. Quipu, a system
of knotted cord used by the Andeans function as a mnemonic device to record information is one example.
Secondly, the ability to write enable our ancestor to transmit information to people they have not ever met. Cuneiform in Mesopotamia and oracle bone
in ancient Chinese history are evidence of information that has transmit across time and space. It is a person's words that has been recorded and read
by others – decades, or even

What Makes Ancient Writing Systems So Important?
Without the usage of ancient writing, we would know nothing about history, which makes an ancient writing systems so important. The first type of
writing originated in Mesopotamia, but the writing featured will cover ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, the ancient Greek alphabet, and the ancient
Chinese writing systems. These written languages originated around their area without the knowledge of other known writing systems. The Egyptians
had hieroglyphics, while the Greeks had the Phoenician script, and the Chinese had pictographs and characters to represent words for writing systems.
Without these early writing systems, some languages would have not existed today. Studying written language provides a lot of information about
different cultures. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hieroglyphics have been around for hundreds of years, primarily in Egypt, where only some people knew how to read and write. Scribes were the
only ones who knew how to read and write hieroglyphics which made them have a better lifestyle. Becoming a scribe could potentially give you a
better job such as a noble, a doctor, and even a pharaoh. Horemheb is one pharaoh who started out as a scribe. Then the Greeks created the Phoenician
script which is known as the first alphabet. Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin all have been influenced from Phoenician script. However, the Greeks were
highly inspired by the Phoenician alphabet. The Greeks used the Phoenician alphabet to communicate better with other civilizations. There are many
famous Greek writers, scholars, and historians that wrote stories which have been saved throughout the centuries. The famous Greek historian,
Herodotus wrote nine books about the Greek wars with Persia. Chinese writing is one of the hardest and complicated writings out there, but it was
much simpler in earlier times. In the late Neolithic period, during the Shang dynasty, their script had been just pictographs drawn very simply. Chinese
characters can be found on oracle bones which helped predict the

Imperialism In Mongolia
In the beginning of the twentieth century, the world was in a state of unrest. Tensions between countries and identities had become so hostile that often
smaller countries made alliances with larger powers for their own protection. After hundreds of years of being under China's rule, Mongolia came under
the protection of the Soviet Union, who made a template for how their country should be run. Politics trickled down to the eventual mandated shift
from the traditional Mongolian script to the Cyrillic script during the Cold War by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and their Soviet allies,
affecting Mongolian education, society, and political power during this period of war. At the creation of the new socialist Mongolian state, the
Mongolian... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2005:40). As well as the Mongolian script having connections with pre–revolutionary values and old Buddhist religion, it was also dubbed obsolete by
the Revolutionary Party because of its seemingly complicated writing system with seemingly unnecessary words, grammar and graphemes (Krueger,
1961:184). The Mongolian writing system was also the object of simplification because as it is a Semitic alphabet in origin, the letters in the alphabet
had the duty of changing form, whether the grapheme had an initial, medial, or final place in a word, shown in the table below from The Phonology of
Mongolian by Svantesson and colleagues (Svantesson et al.

Creative Writing : The Codes Of System
Rosie greeted me at the company's entrance and took me to the private workspace, an office accessible through the executive suite. Gesturing at the
eight monitors and dozens of system units, Rosie introduced, "The senior Mr. Vaughan used to work from here. Mr. Vaughan doesn't know code,
so this office had been out of use for several years. I cleaned up the space, upgraded the technology and reconnected these devices to System."
Quickly, I typed in the passwords and allowed the machines to scan and register my retina, fingerprint and face. Once I was in System, I skimmed
Rosie's setup and commented, "Your skills with code is remarkable. Why are you a receptionist?" "I have a photographic memory and Mr. Vaughan
wants me to keep an eye on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a few thick binders in his arms, with pieces of yellowed paper sticking out in uneven angles. Avery's suit had several streaks of dust on
them and his sweaty hair looked hastily pushed out of his eyes. "My. Vaughan!" Rosie turned around and grinned at Avery. "Are you also a fan of
LANCE?" Avery gave her a one shouldered shrug, then placed the binders on my desk. With a wince on his face, Avery massaged his arms,
brushed the dust off his suit and told me, "Sorry, I meant to stop by earlier, but my meeting ended late. I finally found the schematics for an old
version of System's Guard. I figured you and Rosie can use them for inspiration." "Thanks," I said. "From what I gather so far, Adrian's security
codes are impregnable, but there's a backdoor. Someone can potentially shut System down in four minutes should they have all the correct access
codes." "Go on." "Technically, knowledge of the access codes should be evenly split between you, your brother and your father," I continued. "But
Adrian made several updates to the system and he could've only made those updates if he had all the access codes." "I see," said Avery, sounding
pleased. One of the machines dinged as Avery spoke and an email icon popped up. Avery locked eyes with me, and spoke in a tone that reminisce two
friends sharing a familiar inside joke."As soon as you can, add

St Dyfrig Research Paper
Today is the feast day of Saint Dyfrig St Dyfrig or Dyffryn (in Latin, Dubricius) was one of the great Celtic saints prominent in the history of Wales
in the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries of Christianity. The earliest account of his life appeared in the twelfth century, some five hundred years after his
death. According to this account, he was thought to be the son of Eurddil, daughter of Pebia Claforwg, Prince of Ergyng, which is now part of
modern Herefordshire; he was born at Madley on the River Wye. As a child he was noted for his intellect, and by the time he was a man he was
known as a scholar throughout Britain. He founded a college at Henllan (Hentland in Herefordshire) to which great numbers of scholars, including St
Illtud, came.

Comparing Bossypants And Yes Please By Amy Poehler
I have read many books over the course of this school year. Choosing Yes Please by Amy Poehler was purely based on the fact that in Bossypants,
Poehler was mentioned frequently. I was curious about how one woman would write about the other. However, after reading the novel, I noticed that
there are plenty of similarities between Poehler's book and some of the other books that I have read for this class. The construction of essays is
reminiscent of Sedaris' novels Naked and Me Talk Pretty One Day. And one can't deny the similarity between Tina Fey's Bossypants and Yes Please,
which are both about the women working through their career in comedy and giving advice to people of the world. Although her book has many
elements in common with other... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bossypants was written to help a woman be successful in today's world, whereas Yes Please is mainly and simply career advice for those going into
acting or a similar occupation. My favorite quote from her advice that really gives the reader a sense of her writing style comes from her chapter called
"treat your career like a bad boyfriend". "Your career won't take care of you. It won't call you back or introduce you to its parents. Your career will
openly flirt with other people while you're around... Your career will blow you off if you call it too much. It's never going to leave its wife. Your
career is f*cking other people and everyone knows it but you" (2272). In the same chapter, Poehler complains about a person who had the audacity
to drop a script in her lap while she was sleeping. She then uses this story to tell her readers that getting into show business really isn't easy and
how you have to work extremely hard to get anywhere. "The reality is that most people become 'famous' or get 'great jobs' after a very, very long
tenure of shoveling sh*t and not because they handed their script to someone on the street" (2226). Something that Yes Please's tone has that
Bossypants doesn't is how every so often it feels as though Poehler is writing to a toddler with the way she seems to baby difficult things. Her preface
is titled "writing is hard," and she often uses simplistic terms to describe things to readers. For example, Amy Poehler

Similarities Between Ancient Civilization And Mesopotamia
The first civilization on record is Mesopotamia some 12,000 years ago during a period referred to as the Neolithic Revolution. Soon afterward,
civilizations developed in Egypt, East Asia, and the Western Hemisphere. These regions were called the "Cradle of Civilization." While all these
cultures had similarities, they also had their differences. From agriculture to religion to technology, each civilization brought unique qualities to our
world today.
Mesopotamia is located between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. Since the area was not surrounded by mountain ranges and sat on sprawling
plain, trading between civilizations was accessible. This region was hot and dry and plagued by flooding. Due to its climate, irrigation was needed to
move from a hunter/gather culture to agricultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Agriculture got its start in Egypt by the Nile River with wheat and barley. Irrigation systems were used which increased the region's population. Egypt
also had flooding though it was much more predictable than the flooding in Mesopotamia. Agriculture conditions were much better in Egypt. Both
regions had deities to control the flood waters, but the gods were more "gentle" in Egypt. Religion was significant, and the Pharaohs were treated like
gods. Monuments such as pyramids and the Sphinx were erected. Royal burials were also extravagant. There were cemeteries, but the wealthy were
separated from the commoners.
Writings for both civilizations were for business and began at around the same time. "Some scholars believe that hieroglyphic writing in Egypt was
completely independent of the Mesopotamian invention, and possibly preceded it (Spodek, 67). The writing was done on stone tablets as well as
limestone flakes, pottery, and papyrus. Scribes in both regions were highly regarded. In addition to these similarities, there were some

Compare And Contrast Egypt And Mesopotamia
Egypt and Mesopotamia were the two greatest civilizations in ancient times because of the sophisticated way of living, but most importantly the way
the kings rule over the people. These civilizations had aspects of their daily lives that were similar, and others in which they are different.
Mesopotamians had an idea of expansion in mind, while Egyptians had an idea of internal ruling and making the people's daily life peaceful and
harmonic. In Ancient Mesopotamia the most readily available material for writing was clay. When writing on clay first arose, Mesopotamians would
try to make an artistic representation of what they were referring to. The process was technical and when you are describing a rock next to a deer,
you would draw the rock first and then add the deer to the picture. Pictograms were the earliest stage in writing. The Mesopotamian drove an urban
social change and that is when cuneiform was found.
Cuneiform was one of the first writings to be found, it began in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. When cuneiform began they were writings with
symbols (Woods 129). They were just pictures that represented words like water that was two squiggly lines then it became three sticks with arrows
that each pointed a certain way. Sumerians were involved with pictograms, cuneiform and phonetic writing. Each style of writing elaborated on as
different writing systems. Cuneiform writing consists of edge–molded characters utilized written on a dirt tablet. The Sumerians at first

What Role Does Religion Play In Greek Society
Linear B– a script found on clay tablets, uses pictorial signs to represent syllables, is recognized as an early form of Greek, kept track of people,
animals and objects in extreme detail, government kept track and organized the production of grain and wool, tablets say nothing of individual people
not even kings, very little about political and legal systems, social structures, gender relations and religious beliefs, (73) Significance– The information
on the tablets is important, however the information not found on the tablets is what is really informative. No mention of religion or government/legal
system is found. This suggest that even though there was a central government the authority likely played a different role in people's lives compared
to that of their comparable Middle Eastern neighbors. The lack of religion on the tablets could mean that authority of rulers and religion were two
separate entities or that religion did not play a very large role in their lives. The information that is found on the tablets expose the society's strong
centralized government and extremely thorough record keeping process. Iliad– An epic poem written by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The work shaped Greek culture for years, and references to the story were found on vases and murals all over Greece. It also gives us insight to the
political climate of the time, Agamemnon unites scattered Greeks and rallies them to war against Troy, which suggests political unity. However the
troubles he faces while doing this and the lack of willingness to fight on several Greek parts exemplifies that there might not have been one controlling
centralized government at the time. The overall story gives us insight to their religious beliefs and practices; worshipping their gods, temples, prophets,
as well as insights to the technology they had and war tactics they

The Education System Involving Student Writing
Education is a vital part of today's society, therefore proper education is extremely important for students. Of all subjects and information taught, the
most important is how to be a good writer. This knowledge can help students no matter what job they pursue after college. Writing is always
involved, whether it is writing an email to your boss or a thirty page lab report, it will always be necessary. Yet nowadays there is an issue in our
educational system involving student writing. Essays and papers are being graded based off of different rubrics consisting of a set of instructions to
follow. Teachers are more concerned with the grammatical aspects of writing rather than the quality of it and students care more about receiving good...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that students will learn what "good writing" is most effectively when they assess writing themselves and talk to others about it. In Inoue's
class he has his students work on their own. He believes teacher evaluations can have negative effects in classroom communication and the practices
he encourages (Inoue 110). For this reason he does not evaluate them but he allows the students to take control. Inoue puts them on track but does not
give them any ideas. He instead will ask them to explain or explore more options (Inoue 119). Chris Anson, a professor from North Carolina State
University, agrees with Inoue and says students must become their own evaluators (Inoue 113). His class, as a whole, has to create their own rubric.
They discuss what each of the students wants out of the criteria. By doing so, the students become co–developers of the standards by which all their
writing will be judged (Inoue 116). All of them must agree upon the standards and criteria before moving on. This rubric will be used as the grading
system for all of them. As they begin writing they will go back several times throughout the class and revise their rubric after they discuss and agree
upon more criteria or change their opinions on what they previously had. By doing this the rubric gets better and better as time goes on (Inoue 121).
After they have completed rough drafts, they go through the process of peer editing. This may seem like an insignificant process but

Alex Whitaker's The Olmecs: The Rubber People
The webpage "The Olmecs: (The 'Rubber People')" by Alex Whitaker in the subsection "The Olmec's and Writing" states that the Olmecs were the first
Mesoamerican people to create a complex writing system, Whitaker's evidence is that there have been multiple findings of 'glyphs' from 'authenticated
Olmec sites,' but he does not state where these Olmec sites are located. He also claims that the text emerged from the Chinese Shang dynasty and from
the African Manding–she tribe, but this is yet to be proven. Whitaker comes up these statements without sufficient evidence to back up his claims. In
contrast, the article "A Decipherment of Epi–Olmec Hieroglyphic Writing" by Justeson and Kaufman declare that Olmec writing developed from the
Mixe–Zoquean ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and he states that some scientists believe it is the oldest accepted example of writing in the New World. Whitaker, however, does not say who the
scientists are so one cannot determine if they are credible to come to this statement. Whitaker also goes on to say that the tablet contains 62 symbols in
28 shapes that are arranged in horizontal patterns. Whitaker says that they used writing to document important information. However, he does not state
what the images mean or their significance, so one cannot determine what is being said on the Cascajal Block. In the article, Justeson and Kaufman
not only describe how they analyzed the writings, but they also describe what is written in these scripts. For example, "The Stela depicts an epi–Olmec
warrior–king. Its text, as we read it, provides a lengthy description of his right to kingship through several years of warfare and ritual activity"
(Justeson & Kaufman, p. 1703). The article shows adequate evidence to how they came to this conclusion by using "clues to word meaning, from
calendrical constraints and from comparison with similar Mayan signs, that enabled us to correlate spelled–out words with reconstructed
proto–Zoquean and proto–Mixe–Zoquean vocabulary" (Justeson & Kaufman, p. 1703). Whitaker, on the other hand, does not support his statement
with this kind of evidence to support his

My Love Of Reading
Reading has always been a way for me to explore a new and different world, whether I'm reading about a girl who lives in a county ruled by an evil
and corrupt government or a man taking care of a hotel over the winter. Reading allows me to put myself into the story and create new memories
as if I were living them. Growing up reading was never strongly enforced, but it was also never frowned upon either. I always saw my family
members sharing, recommending, and gifting books to each other. Perhaps this instilled in me a desire to read and enjoy reading, or maybe
reading is just something I naturally like to do. As I got older, especially in high school, I drifted away from being an avid reader. This was only
because of the increased workload I was getting from school. Unfortunately, I only read if I had to for class, and occasionally I would read
something for fun, but I was never reading as much as I had in the past and as much I wanted to. Every now and then I get hooked into reading
again and find myself being absorbed into all new adventures. This doesn't always last for a long time. It only takes one really good book to
rekindle my forgotten desire to read. After rediscovering this passion, I spend most of my free time learning about these new characters and their
lives. I have found that the more free time I have in my life, the more prone I am to these reading binges. I know that if I can find a book to get
captivated by, I will be back into the habit of reading and

The Study of the Dunbar Cave in Montgomery County,...
This article talks about the study of the Dunbar Cave in Montgomery County, Tennessee to learn more about the varied ways that the cave was used
by people. Many of the artifacts that was in the cave linked its usage time to be from the Late Paleo–Indian to the Mississippian period. The article
define dark–zone cave art as "the decorations in the areas of the caves that is beyond the reach of external lights". Mug Glyph Cave art was found in the
12th Unnamed Cave in Tennessee and since then sixty–nine other caves that had dark–zone cave art were found. The artifacts and chronological data
from these sites indicates that the tradition of cave art began 6000 years ago. In 2005 one of the author join a group of explorers search for more ...
The authors said there were signs of human activities in the caves and that there are more archaeological work that need to be done. The article main
idea was to showed the prehistoric uses of the Dunbar Cave in Montgomery County, Tennessee. I liked the article because the authors gave a good
enough background information so that the reader can understand it. They also define some of the vocabulary that was used so that the reader
completely understand what they were talking about. The article also included tables and detail information on what the table is talking about. For
example, one of the table is about the Radiocarbon age determination from the Dunbar cave. At first glance the information is very confusing, but after
a while I can see what the authors was referring to and where they got their information from. One of the problem that the article had was when they
were interpreting one of the pictograph. After reading the descriptions I went back and look at the image, I could not see what they authors were
referring to. I realized that most of the pictures needed interpretation, but sometimes I feel like the interpretations of the pictographs is a little of to how
the authors wants the readers to see it. Then again, in one of the pictures the authors were able to

Manchu Research Paper
The Manchu writing system was developed before the Manchu conquest of China, originating from a different language than its spoken form. Due to
the close network of alliances with the Mongols in preparation for the conquest of China, the leader of the Manchus, Nurhachi, favored the Mongol
writing system with a modified version of the old Uighur script that they were already using. The script was used as the national writing system for
Manchu in communication with the Mongols, because it is the most convenient and easy to use for diplomatic and strategic planning. After the death
of Nurhachi, more frequent communication took place with China and Korea, which cause the writing system to be modified with additional points and
circles to certain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ethnically Manchu people are able to present their culture and customs online for the world to see, with descriptions of experiences of current
cultural events and interactive online communication. The activities online can bring more awareness to more ethnically Manchu people and
encourage them to embrace the Manchu identity. More online representation also leads to more ethnic empowerment and increased recognition from
the Chinese government (Bai 2008:4–6). As Manchus are more confident with the future of their language and ethnic identity, they are able to unite the
voices online and request their own autonomous region, much like many other minority ethnic groups in China. However, the extensive reliance on
online representation may result with a merely imagined community created without a realistic basis. The ethnic Manchus would have the tendency to
only rely on online content to represent the ethnicity and fail to bring change to the real world. Due to the economic advantage of speaking Chinese,
ethnic Manchus would continue to use Chinese instead of Manchu on a daily basis, which contradicts with the increasing cultural awareness spread
online. The reluctance to speak Manchu either as the primary language or bi–language poses concerns of a potential re–abandonment of the Manchu
language. Therefore, the most important step for Manchu language revitalization after successful language transmission and language learning should
be to make the language more sustainable. Although it is true that the linguistic scholars might have biased opinions on language revitalization, they
should still present the significant joint effect of language revitalization and cultural representation, and the online environment may be the preferred
way to spread

How Writing Is Important For The Creation Of Organized...
There is no doubt, that writing is one of the greatest innovations of all time. I would also argue that writing was essential for the creation of organized
societies. Although languages have existed long before this great invention, writing offered a superior view in transferring even the most complex
information of ideas, beliefs, and concepts from one person to another and to larger groups. The Bronze – Age is where writing first emerged.
Pictograms, cuneiform tablets and hieroglyphs are just some of the very first forms of writings. In brief, pictograms, which later evolved into
ideograms, used a pictorial symbol to convey a word or phrase. Cuneiform scripts used wedged–shaped characters impressed onto clay tablets. Lastly,...
Cuneiform tablets allowed farmers to keep track of the quantity of produce cultivated and traded. The temples, which were usually the heads of
certain civilizations, also used writing to control the flow of goods that were taken into and distributed out to its peoples. In a sense, this recording of
information kept order in the city. It gave temple workers a purpose to continue their jobs and a clear understanding of what they would get in return
for their efforts. Trade was not only enhanced within the city but with other distant territories as well. Several trade routes were formed and city–states
began to turn into empires. One ancient trading port that formed near the Mediterranean was Ugarit. Ugarit was located in northern Syria (south of
present day Turkey). The people of Ugarit spoke a Semitic language written in a cuneiform alphabet. Early writing systems assisted with the trade
Ugarit had with other regions such as Cyprus and Egypt by writing down the transactions. Ugarit even developed its own alphabet – the Ugaritic
alphabet. Throughout history, Greek, Hebrew, and Latin alphabets would later take some of the roots of the Ugaritic alphabet. Unquestionably, writing
was a key part in the regulation of trade in the early city–states. Another important change in the political structure was the ability to write laws. Laws
made governments much more organized, efficient, and manageable. It also allowed the thing we love paying today – taxes.

Reading And Reading : The Importance Of Reading
Everyone around me was silently sitting, staring down at their laps. Me, on the other hand, would just sit there and stare at a wall, while humming to
myself. I never understood why all of my classmates enjoyed reading books. Correction; I actually just did not understand what was wrong with me,
and why I did not enjoy reading like all of the other kids did. Reading never sparked my interest due to many reasons, including; being distracted,
being laughed at, and the books I was forced to read.
I am perhaps the most easily distracted person I know, especially when I'm supposed to be working on something. A white wall could distract me for
a good five minutes. Once I get distracted, it takes me a while to come back into reality. That's one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would do this every week during every school year until sixth grade.
It was not that I refused reading and rebelled against it. I went to multiple bookstores with my brother, who loves to read any book he can get his hands
on. My parents would take me to Barnes and Noble bookstore and let me pick out whatever book that I wanted, regardless of the price. Being me, I
ran up to my parents with the biggest smile, while holding a book. My parents got so happy that they finally found a book that I would read. They
took the book from my hands, and their smiles turned into frowns because they realized that what I had chosen was a comic book. They told me to
go back and choose a real book to read. This made me furious because it was once again that I was told that I could not read what I wanted to read.
They ended up buying the comic book for me because they thought that at least it would be the first step to get me to read. It turned out that it was
the first step in order to get me to read. I read the same comic book over and over again, until my parents gave me a chapter book. Except, this was not
just any chapter book. This was a chapter book with pictures. From then on, I was given books with less and less pictures, until I read normal
word–filled books. The real thing that got me to read, though was my friends. It wasn't them specifically, it was because of them. During lunch at the
cafeteria, they would all

The Debate Of Silent Reading
It has long been a source of debate among classicists whether the ancients read silently or aloud. Analysis of this question is necessarily fragmented,
since the only information available to modern scholars comes from the few extant ancient sources discussing how texts were read. In the surviving
sources, there are many more explicit references to reading aloud than to reading silently, which suggests that reading aloud was more common.
Nevertheless, there is evidence in ancient literature that reading silently was both possible and "unremarkable" (McCutcheon 2). Reading silently and
reading aloud are not practices at odds with each other; while reading aloud was almost certainly more conventional, reading silently was not
necessarily abnormal. In fact, the available evidence shows that readers in Greek and Roman antiquity read both aloud and silently. Modern scholarship
about reading in antiquity began in large part with Balogh's landmark publication, "Voces Paginarum," which argued that silent reading was extremely
rare. This conclusion held until Knox's 1968 seminal work, "Silent Reading in Antiquity," which discredited much of Balogh's work by pointing out
major flaws in his research by scrutinizing much of Balogh's "evidence." More recent scholarship by Gavrilov has gone even further, questioning the
validity of Balogh's central evidence that reading silently was unusual–a short passage from Augustine's Confessions in which Augustine discusses
seeing Ambrose reading

How Did The Sumerians Affect Society
Did you know that the sumerians made several advancements that impacted their society such as writing.the wheel, and the plow. All of these things
had different uses to the Sumerians. The wheel, the plow, and writing they all led to inventions of wagons, chariots, and carts. First of All, they
invented the first form of writing, called the cuneiform. Sumerians wrote on clay tablets with a special tool called a stylus. Sumerians used cuneiform
to make the first symbol. Sumerian writing developed from early symbols called pictographs. They also used writing for business records. Writing was
not the only great Sumerian invention. In time Sumerian students went to school to learn how to read and write. In Addition, the Sumerians

How Did The Sumerians Impact Our Society
Begin typing here. Your essay must be typed using either Arial or Times New Roman size 12 and your writing should be double spaced. Be sure to
indent each new paragraph. Sumerians long ago were the inventors of many items today. The Sumerians made several advancements such as the
number system, medicine, clock, jewelry, and architecture. But these are some of the most important advancements that impacted their society.
Writing, the wheel, and the plow were some of Sumerians major achievements. These achievements helped from moving items, to planting crops, and
even keeping record of time, they all help their society improve. To begin, Sumerians developed the first system of writing called cuneiform.
Cuneiform was written in clay tablets using styluses. Writing or cuneiform was used for communication. Scribes kept record of languages , business
records, and laws. Hammurabi code used cuneiform to explain the rules for both criminal and civil laws, and informed them what they expected from
them. This code was placed on the front of the ziggurat of Babylon, so every new person to the city will know the rules of Babylon.... Show more
Sumerians used the wheel to transport large items for farming, transported people, and was used in machineries or factories. Also, Sumerians used the
wheel to spin clay as they shaped it into pots, bowls, or dishes. When Sumerians made pottery, the products were not as detailed, refined, and they were
not worth much. They made a surplus of pottery that did not have much quality. Only a few of their creations were worth a lot of money. Even today
we use Sumerians invention. Cars, trucks, and buses rely on the modern version of the wheel to function. Without it there will be no automobiles

The Sumerians Were The Most Successful Ancient...
Introduction The Sumerians were the most successful ancient civilization. The first reason is they created the first written language. The second reason
is they achieved many things. The last reason is that they invented many things. Cuneiform The Sumerians were the most successful ancient
civilization because they created the first written language. For example, without the Sumerians, we humans would not have the invention of writing.
Their writing was called cuneiform. Cuneiform is when they took a stylus and imprinted writing on clay tablets. The Sumerians would sometimes also
imprint on wax, stone, and metal. Cuneiform is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians. Cuneiform
writing is traced back from c. 3500 – 3000 BC. The writing wasn 't first actually words. They used pictographs for writing in their records. Instead of
writing letters "s–u–n", a Sumerian would imprint a pictograph of what they had as a sun on a clay tablet. Also, they used symbols that represented
traded goods and livestock. The Sumerians used writing to keep records and to keep their stories. Before the actual writing on the clay tablets was
created, the Sumerians originally had tokens. The tokens were items that represented words. They were kept safe together in a sealed clay envelope.
The way the Sumerians knew what was in the envelope was that they press the tokens into the clay on the outside. The reason that they had the tokens in

Story and Truth in Edwin Blashfield's The Evolution of...
In 1894, construction neared completion on The Thomas Jefferson Building, the oldest of the three buildings which comprise the Library of Congress
in Washington D.C.. With the exterior well in hand, the architects turned their attention to the interior, commissioning extensive murals by well
–known
artists. The commissioners of these murals deliberately set out to "personify the ideals of the [American] people" through the medium of
government–sponsored art, and provide a relatively young nation with a story about themselves –– a visual "literature" which would connect them to
the distant past.1 Among the most famous of these murals is Edwin Blashfield's The Evolution of Civilization which occupies the massive dome of the
Main Reading Room;... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In spite of what painters, archeologists, or researchers of the nineteenth century believed about the ancient world, cuneiform has since proven its
historical mettle. As displayed by Darius and his memorial at Bisitun, the early, crude cuneiform of 5000 B.C.E. adapted itself to culture after culture,
and morphed into the dusty forerunner of our modern alphabet. The Phoenicians, the original ancient mariners, are responsible for transforming
cuneiform into a more efficient writing system by paring down the somewhat ungainly number of 5,000 cuneiform characters into 29 characters.
Adopted around 1000 B.C.E., the Phoenician alphabet was not a collection of pictographs like many early forms of writing, but instead a close
relative of many modern writing systems.11 The sophisticated navy and extensive trade network of Phoenicia ensured that this new version of
cuneiform would quickly spread to its ancient neighbors. Phoenicia's alphabet would soon be adopted by the Greeks, who also refined and perfected
this writing system to meet their own needs; likewise the Romans, eager inheritors of all things Greek, adopted the alphabet for their own use. It could
be said that the highly adaptive descendants of cuneiform formed the basis for the literature of the Classical world. The Phoenician cuneiform alphabet
was also adopted by Jewish culture, providing a medium for Hebrew narrative and progressive sense of history, another innovation

My Writing : My Life Since My School Education System
Writing has been a part of my life since I was in elementary school. I read a lot of books, and wrote many fiction stories for fun. I know that I can
express myself best through writing, so even essay assignments were and are a form of my communication. But since it was creative writing outside
of classes that was entertaining to me, essays where I had to follow many rules were never enjoyable. However, the very first formal essay assigned
in this English class felt different from the other essays I was assigned to from the past. The process of brainstorming about what I actually cared about
in life, the education system, and actually writing my thoughts out was not as boring as any other papers I had to write about. More specifically, I
enjoyed writing the three short fictional stories that I decided to do for the medium through which I communicated my idea about the changes needed
in our modern education. Our high school education system focuses too much on general education, and does not allow time for students to discover
what they truly love to do. But ironically, the students are expected to know what they want to major in even before their final year of high school
ends. I feel that through this assignment, although it has not changed my world, it has prepared me to communicate my ideas more enjoyably and
thoroughly.
Throughout the semester, I learned to use rhetorical strategies more effectively. I am sure that I will be using rhetorical appeals and strategies

Ancient Sumerians Research Paper
In Ancient Mesopotamia the Sumerians, had made many achievements that impacted society. These achievements helped the Sumerians with the
things that they did in their everyday lives. These advancements included writing, the wheel and the plow. Not only did the the advancements, that the
Sumerians made, help them with their lives, we also use them in our everyday lives, such as writing, the plow and the wheel. To begin, Sumerians
developed the first form of writing which is called cuneiform. When the ancient Sumerians developed cuneiform it helped, the other people to
communicate with each other. If ancient Sumerians didn't create cuneiform than, others wouldn't know how to tell each other what to do or where to
go. Without cuneiform we would only be speaking with improper language. Writing/cuneiform helped develop language for us to be able to talk to
each other.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the ways that the wheel helped Sumerians lives, was that it helped a lot with farming to grow crops and, other things. The wheel also helped
with farming by softening the dirt so they can grow crops easier. This advancement also helped them transfer their things from place to place. They
transferred these things and crops so that others can but it or trade their stuff to others. Third of all, another advancement that the Sumerians achieved,
was the plow, it helped with farming. The plow helped make farming more efficient that it was, it also helped control the weeds. This advancement
also helped them with farming, by helping with many thing, so they didn't have to farm by hand anymore. The plow was the turning point in
agriculture, and is used to turn and to break up the soil. The plow, had also caused a major population growth due to the increase of food, because of
this there were many people to grow crops so they have more to

A Look Now At China
Look now at China. The earliest inscriptions we have unearthed are dated at 1400 B.C., and the use of these inscriptions was, once again, for
religious use. As in other cultures, this required a "magician", or a priest. The priest would heat an ox scapula or a tortoise shell until it cracks, and
would then attempt to read the cracks in order to answer a question. This reading often involved the priest carving the "answers" into the bone under
the guise of creating clarity (Lyons, 18). However fraudulent their practices were, these priests had a huge influence on Chinese writing. The questions
the priest's client had would be written from top to bottom on the bone, and this is still the traditional direction of Chinese script. In... Show more
One con of using silk was its expense. Throughout the early world and the Middle Ages, silk was a very time consuming product to produce. As a
result, it could be sold for a higher cost, and the method of producing it was, like the secret of producing papyrus, jealously guarded by the silk
growers. Another consequence of silk's value was that when scribes wanted to write important texts, they would often need to write a rough draft on
a jiandu strip before copying the perfected version onto the silk. In about 104 A.D., a eunuch of the Chinese imperial court, named Cai Lun, changed
the course of writing's history by making the first sheet of paper (The Invention of Paper). To do this, he mixed bamboo fibers and the inner bark of a
mulberry tree with water, and then dried the pulp on a cloth screen. With paper, writing became easier, more transportable, and, in general, less
expensive. Eventually, the technique for making paper spread to Korea, and from there some monks took the process to Japan. Paper spread to Africa
and Europe through the Arabs, who went on raids in China and captured many Chinese soldiers and craftsmen. Before this happened, however, the
Greeks and Romans had to be crafty in finding new writing resources. The Romans, though they couldn't make their own paper yet, had animal skins.
Through this, they discovered that animal skins could be stretched, cleaned, and bleached to create what was known

Mayan And Mayan Writing System
Mayan culture and civilization are said to be far beyond their time by their complex writing and numerical system. In the pre–Columbian America, the
Mayan writing system is said to be the "only" true writing system within the Americas. By examining the environment the Maya had lived, we are able
to look at the how the Maya used their writing system and it also further reflects the Maya's surroundings. The Mayan civilization had flourished
throughout the Yucatan peninsula in Central America. They inhabited areas of which is now modern
–day Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and
Honduras (Cartwright). Being located near the Equator, there are various environments in Central America. The Maya could have resided in the
tropical jungles or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thinking Mayan stelae was only for commemoration for the Mayan calendar, new deciphered texts reveal that royal ceremonies centered on the
placement and dedication of the monuments themselves (Stuart 150). Stuart claims that rather than being medium for remembering royal
accomplishments and how stelae played an active role in ancient Maya ritual life. The Mayan writing system was used to write down significant dates
of historic king 's' birth, deaths, and even enemy captures (Encyclopedia Britannica). Many scholars believed that the sole purpose for Mayan
hieroglyphs was to record major events of royal families and their reign. Along with complex writing system, the Mayan civilization created a
numerical system for astronomical and divinatory purposes. The Maya had used their writing and numerical system to create calendars and almanacs.
Another characteristic of the Mayan writing system is the publication of their own books. The Maya had wrote on fig–bark paper and it was folded
like a brochure pamphlet their covers were bonded together from jaguar skin (Encyclopedia Britannica). The surviving codices played a major part
for the writing Mayan writing system to be deciphered. It was difficult to decipher Maya hieroglyphs, a majority of Mayan texts were burned by the
Spanish. Only four codices are known to remain: the Grolier, Paris, Madrid, Dresden Codex (Encyclopedia Britannica). The earliest and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Standardized Writing System
Writing has constituted an important practice in human culture since the earliest forms of writing were discovered from cave paintings made 40,000
years ago. Writing enables writers to express themselves in a writing system that conveys unique features of its associated culture. In this context,
'writing' means a standardized system for recording, in a specific language, content ranging from values to ideas to poems, etc. Humans have
communicated in thousands of languages throughout history and consequently devised numerous different writing systems for expressing those
languages. To facilitate easier communication, it has sometimes been suggested that the world adopt a singlewriting system capable of representing all
languages. This essay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is an over–optimistic and naГЇve argument, however, for at least three reasons. Most particularly, a standardized writing system might seem ideal,
but it cannot overcome the enormous difficulties brought about by requiring the world's citizens to learn a new writing system. This is because
learning writing systems is very challenging, laborious and time–consuming (Tzeng & Wang, 1983); this is even more the case for adult learners, who
might anyway see little benefit and much disadvantage from the additional financial expense of learning a new writing system when they are already
expert users of their written language. A second reason why a universal writing system is ill–advised is because languages are living things that evolve
slowly over time; there never can be a 'standard' writing system while cultures are continually developing new forms of expression. This can be seen
from the fact that the Chinese writing system has already undergone several evolutions over the centuries. Thirdly, the argument for standardizing a
writing system is naГЇve because it entails controversial political decisions. No doubt the powerful nations of the East would prefer a logographic or a
syllabic writing system while their Western counterparts would prefer an alphabetic writing system. Each 'side' would therefore favour its existing
writing system to minimize disruption and to ensure forms of cultural hegemony. Taken together, these three arguments demonstrate the impracticality
of a universal writing system and highlight the difficulties such a system would

Arabic Online Writing Systems : Arabize
Arabic Online writing Systems: Arabize
As noted before newer devices lacked full Arabic support in the past. Today however Arabic can be used easily in almost any device. With that in mind
we still find this new writing system to be used in every day online communication. AWOS today is used mainly between the youth population. The
reasons mentioned earlier has almost, gone extinct. Most operating systems, websites and mobile–devices fully support Arabic. The usage now, is not
out of necessity, but rather out of personal preference. Through observing online posts and comments we can sense the general attitudes towards this
style. We can notice a period of time where this style of writing was a niche, and a form of distinguish between others. Also, we can notice the current
attitude of young Arabic speakers. AWOS is consider by many Arabic speakers a bad way of writing , and it will threaten theArabic language . They
view this system as combination of Arabic and English . While it is true such fears may be valid if the two languages are used together as in a hybrid
of English and Spanish , Spanglish , AWOS is not the same. Thewriting system is not affect the language itself or cause it to go extinct. Other
languages have gone through the same process of implementing Latin characters in their writing system and have not been affected. The concern is
mostly due to Arabic countries that uses more languages in everyday discourse .For example , in Moroco they speak Arabic and

Epic Of Gilgamesh, The Mayan Writing System, And The Indus...
Many people are curious about the past and rely on writing in order to discover the truths of the world when it was young, but there are still some
limitations. The importance of literature and writing throughout the years becomes noticeable after discussing The Epic of Gilgamesh, the Mayan
writing system, and the Indus River Valley. The significance ofwriting is the solid evidence it provides to the major stories and beliefs during history,
the history of ancestors and it provides information how inventions have evolved from the past.
Before we could decipher the writing used in history, historians could only make theories of what life was like at the beginning of human existence.
The discovery of writing provides solid evidence for historians to describe what life was like before our time. The writing discovered by historians
show the major stories that occurred and what was important to them. For example, in The Epic of Gilgamesh, the story shows that gods were a huge
part of their beliefs. Gilgamesh constantly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the video, Cracking the Mayan Code, it shares a story about finding writing in the tomb of a mummy. After deciphering the Mayan language,
historians could discover that the writing was the mummy's life story. This one example of a life story tells a lot about history and describes what the
people centered their lives upon. After cracking the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, people could understand the meaning of the objects that were lying
next to the mummies in their tombs. Most of the writing on the objects would help create a connection to the real meaning of the object's use. Before
our understandings of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, historians did not have enough evidence to conclude what the importance of the object was. Clearly,
writing helps connect the mysteries to history and develop a reliable

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