Hieroglyphics was the official writing system of ancient Egypt, serving to document events and beliefs on temple walls and tombs. Originating from sacred inscriptions, this complex system utilized symbols that represented sounds and ideas, evolving over centuries as a distinct method of communication. Its decipherment began with the Rosetta Stone, leading to the understanding of this unique language, which was used until around 394 AD.

1. The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics Language
Introduction
Hieroglyphics represent the official language of Pharaonic civilization, the first
civilization known to man on the banks of the Nile Valley, where the science, arts
and religious beliefs of ancient Egyptian on the walls and papyrus leaves to be the
main role in the transfer of Pharaonic civilization and the discovery of its secrets and
events and science and arts.
The hieroglyphic meaning of the word “sacred inscription” refers to the frequent use
of pharaohs in temples, tombs, statues, and paintings. The ancient Egyptian inspired
the hieroglyphic language Of the common assets, where the images of animals,
flowers, house, and snakes to express the meanings of itself, and the first letters are
only what these things express, as it was expressed by the House of the alphabet, and
remained so with the succession of the ruling families.
Such as the Hieroglyphic line, the first brick in the construction of the ancient
Egyptian language, consisting of four lines other than this line, namely Coptic,
Hieratic and Demotic, each of which is punished by successive times, but because of
the consistency and integration of the Hieroglyphic line, It became the official
language for the codification of Egyptian civilization.
The Hieroglyphic language was discovered and spread when the Rosetta stone was
discovered and decoded by Champollion, a member of the French campaign that
invaded Egypt. However, the first attempts to decipher the hieroglyphic language
were calculated for the Greeks when some of the paintings aroused the interest of
their scientists.

2. About the hieroglyphic language says d. Emad Mahdi, member of the Egyptian
Archaeologists Union: It is an official writing style of ancient Egypt, based on the
drawings of environmental assets. The purpose of this use was to record events on
the walls of temples and tombs, in order to keep the royal families from the ancient
civilization. Their use over successive periods has been an ornamental art, so the
hieroglyphics And the discovery of a number of paintings until the French campaign
against Egypt, and the beginning of attempts to decipher Rosetta stone by one of its
officers, called Champollion, which reached the meanings of many And the engraving
of the house symbolizes the houses and temples, which contributed to the
dissemination of the hieroglyphic language more, and to clarify the idea of being one
of the lines of the ancient Egyptian language and not a stand-alone language , Add
the Coptic font
“The hieroglyphs are composed of complex illustrations and alphabets, which are
divided into three sections. The first is the monophonic symbols, meaning that they
represent only a monogamous meaning, and are pronounced and written with only
one letter. The second group is two-tone, They can be separated, while the third
group is called the three-tone symbols, which are letters and inscriptions that
symbolize three meanings. The hieroglyphic line contains additional signs besides
these inscriptions and letters, but they are not pronounced but are used to identify
the number, Others that only specify and confirm the meaning.
Origin of the Hieroglyphic
Origin of the Hieroglyphic word Out back the word hieroglyphics ( in English:
Hieroglyph) to the Greek, which is divided into the word Hiro Hiero , which means
sacred, and the word Glevah glyphics which means the inscription, or writings, word
complete hieroglyphic means the sacred writings, or sacred inscription, Like most of
the texts of old, does not The origin of the hieroglyphic characters is known, but
there are several hypotheses about their origin, some believed to be a language
derived from the rocky images created by the prehistoric fishing tribes that lived in
the desert west of the Nile. Some of the ornaments were found on rock paintings on
pottery vessels, Which belong to pre-family cultures Early in Egypt, this is
particularly noticeable during the period of Naqada II 3500 – 3200 BC, where the
vessels were buried in tombs, and in the tombs of the third Naqada period 3200-
3000 BC. Hieroglyphics Archaeological finds indicate that Egyptian hieroglyphs and
scriptures may be the earliest forms of writing. It is believed that the oldest evidence
of the Egyptian hieroglyphic system is from about 3300 or 3200 BC. It was used by
Egyptians during 3500 years and was more widespread during the 1700 years.
Hieroglyphs Only a few Egyptians, including kings, priests; so because they were
difficult to learn and time-consuming. Characteristics of Hieroglyphic Language The
hieroglyphic system used in ancient Egypt contained about 700-800 basic symbols,
called glyphs, where a large number of symbols in the last centuries of ancient
Egyptian civilization grew because of the growing interest in writing religious texts.
The Egyptians wrote these symbols in long lines of Left to right, and from top to
bottom. They did not use punctuation, or spaces between symbols. Egyptian glyphs
are divided into two groups: [3] Phonograms, which are graphical characters
representing sounds. Ideograms, which are graphical characters representing objects
or ideas.

3. In the course of its long history, the ancient Egyptian not only developed in terms of
its grammar, but also developed the methods that were written according to the
needs of the people and the requirements of their age, and simply can be compared
to ancient Egyptian here in Arabic, which is written in several lines such as copying,
The Egyptian also wrote four lines that evolved in successive eras, although none of
them have passed on to the previous ones. These lines or written methods are
(Hieroglyphic – Hieratic – Demotic – Coptic) and I will talk about them in some
detail.
Hieroglyphic font:
It is a common mistake for most people to refer to the ancient Egyptian language as
“hieroglyphics”. This is a mistake since hieroglyphics is one of the ancient Egyptian
lines and not a spoken language in any way. In any case, the Egyptians have referred
to their language with various names such as Madhu Nathro “Which means” the
words of the Gods “and” remount “which mean” the mouth of Egypt or the tongue of
Egypt. ”
Egyptians used the hieroglyphic line as a basic and only platform for writing on
temples and large installations such as mosques, pyramids, and cemeteries. In fact,
the word “hieroglyphics” is the name used by the Greeks for this writing. It is derived
from the term ἱερολλυὰικὰρράμματαHieroglyphikagrammata, It was engraved on the
walls of the “holy” buildings. Therefore, the stones were the preferred material for
writing with hieroglyphics. Their figurative symbols required special artistic skill to
be engraved on the walls of large installations. But it was harder to draw using ink on
paper so the Egyptians invented a simplified form of hieroglyphics known by the
Egyptian linguists as “Hieroglyphs – Cursive Hieroglyphs” and is a manual form of
hieroglyphics free of standard aesthetic standards that distinguish hieroglyphics on
the giant monuments and Can
It is a technique based on the “ideograms” derived from the surrounding
environment of the Egyptians. At the beginning it was a very simple method where
the figurative sign represented the existence of the thing that it conceived, meaning
that the symbol of the sun expresses the word sun and the symbol of the cat The
word “cat” is thus expressed, but with the complexity of the language as a result of
the complexity of human civilization began figurative symbols reflect the values of
sound as well as its graphics significance and became symbols with the
«Phonograms» signs have become indicative of a certain voice and symbols were
divided into symbols that represent the sound of voice One such sign is a bird of
punishment that expresses r (A), and double-sounding signs. One sign is the
combination of two sounds together, such as a rabbit sign that says “wen” and
“three-tone” The key to life »and she utters (Ankh).
Hieroglyphics in the ancient Egyptian period consisted of about 1000 marks. This
number decreased in the classical Egyptian intermediate stage to about 700 marks.
In the late Egyptian period, the number of marks increased to several thousand in
the Ptolemaic and Roman times. The most important characteristic of hieroglyphic
writing was that it was In contrast to contemporary writing systems in other
civilizations, it was limited to the writing of the Egyptian language only, not as the

4. writing of Mesopotamia, for example, written by Sumerian, Babylonian, Elamiyya
and other languages. Perhaps the only exception is the Meroitic language KE Koch »,
which borrowed some of the hieroglyphs and Egyptian demotic to be two systems to
write language that scientists are still suffering the difficulty in detecting ambiguity
to now.
Of the characteristics of the word hieroglyphic it was composed of a symbol or
several symbols represent the sum of the constituent voices of the word and add to
the end of the word a symbol does not have the value of voice, called Egyptian
scientists «Determinative» function to give a graphic indication of the meaning of
the word, for example the word «Ra» which means both From the sun and the Sun
God Ra is written by two signs, the first sign of the mouth, which carries the
monolithic value of t and the second, the open palm sign, which carries the
monophonic value of p. Is the custom, if the end of the word contains a dedicated
icon of the sun disk if it is Me «sun» If either a custom carried the flag symbolizing
the flags of the Gods above the temples, monuments or photographer of a man
sitting cross-legged symbol of symbol, it means the God Ra and has also dedicated to
hieratic and demotic moved, but less obvious than hieroglyphics.
The Hieroglyphic script has been used in Ancient Egypt throughout its historical
periods. The last text of the text is without Hieroglyphics in Egypt until 394 AD It
was placed on one of the gates of Emperor Hadrian at the temple of Isis on the island
of Philah, south of Aswan. This text is a graffito, Esmet-Akhom “mentioned in the
text that he occupies the position of” writer in the house of the records of Jesus “and
next to the text there is a vertical drawing of the God” Mendoli “, which was sacred to
the Ptolemaic Nubian Ptolemaic tribes, whose conversion to the ancient Egyptian
religion continued to allow the Byzantine government Opened the temple of the
island of Phila – which was the center of the worship of Mando Yassin to the side of
Isis Almtokhr- era despite the decree of Emperor Theodosius issued in the small 392
m and to close the pagan temples in the territory of the empire.