Emancipationawassone Of The American Civil War

Emancipationawassone Of The American Civil War
Emancipationawassone of the most profound consequences of the American Civil War.
During and after the war, about four million enslaved African Americans in the United
States became free persons. This generation had a significant influence on American history, an
influence that has yet to be fully recognized. During this remarkable period of transition, former
slaves stabilized their family lives, sought to control their work environments, established their own
schools and churches, and participated in public life as citizens. While these goals may appear
straightforward to us today, they were anything but simple to achieve at the time. The transition
from slavery to freedom was as extraordinary as it was complex. Newly freed African Americans
experienced both boundless joy and excruciating disappointment as they established themselves as
free persons. Freed people frequently encountered violent resistance to their efforts to become paid
workers and active citizens. Many white southerners refused to accept former slaves as free persons.
The state of Tennessee provides a particularly rich case study of the transition from slavery to
freedom during the Civil War and Reconstruction. Second only to Virginia in the number of
skirmishes and battles on its soil, Tennessee was at the heart of the conflict between North and
South. The chaos of war visited many Tennessee communities and served to break down the bonds
that kept 275,000 individuals enslaved. Most Tennessee
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General James Longstreet's Defeat In The Battle Of Gettysburg
On July 2, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg was in its second day. Lee's plan was to attack Meade on
his flanks. He placed General James Longstreet in charge of the main advance on the left flank of
the Union line while General Richard Ewell was to lead the supporting attack on the right.
Longstreet, however, was strongly against the idea of attacking. Instead, he wanted the main body of
the Confederate army to move around the Union left to get between that army and Washington. This
would have forced Meade to come out into the open and attack, thus giving the tactical advantage of
defensive positions to the Confederates. Longstreet spent the better part of the morning on July 2
insisting his point to Lee but all to no avail. So much time had been spent in debate, though that long
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During that time, Union corp commander Dan Sickles had advanced his line to a position that was a
half mile ahead of the rest of the Union left flank. Consequently, what Lee had intended as a flank
attack had suddenly become a frontal assault on Sickles' line. To this Mr. Parish states, "Whatever
else his faults were that day, Longstreet was surely at fault in stubbornly adhering to the letter of
Lee's orders although the situation had drastically changed since they were issued". Longstreet had
questioned every order Lee gave on that fateful day up to that point. When it came to the assault,
though, he persisted despite the fact that it was obvious that it would no longer be what Lee had
intended in the first place. It is thought that, had Lee been aware of the new situation, he may not
have been so eager to attack. With Sickles out of position Lee's original set of orders should have
been deemed obsolete. However, Longstreet followed them literally and, as a result, some of the
bloodiest fighting of the battle took place simply to get Sickles pushed back to where he was
supposed to be

Battle Of Prairie Grove Essay
The Battle of Prairie Grove was the last time two armies of almost equal strength faced each other
for control of northwest Arkansas. When the Confederate Army of the Trans–Mississippi withdrew
from the bloody ground on December 7, 1862, the Union forces claimed a strategic victory. It
seemed clear that Missouri and northwest Arkansas would remain under Federal protection.
Brigadier General James G. Blunt's Union command remained in the Cane Hill (Washington
County) area after the engagement there on November 28. This encouraged Major General Thomas
C. Hindman to attack the Federal troops with his Confederate Army of the Trans–Mississippi at Fort
Smith (Sebastian County) thirty miles away. The Southern army crossed the Arkansas River on
December ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the night, the Southern commanders learned that Herron's men in blue had arrived at
Fayetteville (Washington County). They decided to march north past Blunt and intercept and attack
the Union reinforcements somewhere between Fayetteville and Cane Hill. It would be at Prairie
Grove (Washington County). The battle began at dawn on December 7, with the defeat of Union
cavalry by Confederate mounted soldiers a mile south of the Prairie Grove church. Federal troops
retreated toward Fayetteville with the Southern cavalry in pursuit. The panicked Union soldiers
stopped running when Herron shot a soldier from his horse. The Confederate cavalry skirmished
with Herron's main army before falling back to the top of the Prairie Grove ridge, where the
Confederate artillery and infantry were already in line of battle in the woods. After crossing the
Illinois River under artillery fire, Herron positioned his artillery and exchanged fire with the
Confederate cannon. The superior range and number of Union cannon soon silenced the Southern
guns, allowing the Union infantry to prepare to attack the ridge. Before the infantry advanced, the
Union artillery pounded the Southern position on the ridge for about two

Stonewall Jackson Research Paper
There was, however, one thing (or person) that the Union wasn't expecting. The Confederates were
pushed back to Henry Hill, where Brigadier General Thomas Jackson and his Virginia brigade had
just arrived to reinforce them. Jackson set up his artillery on the crest of the hill. He did not budge as
the fighting went on. In order to rally his troops, General Bernard Bee told his troops "Look, there is
Jackson with his Virginians, standing like a stone wall!" (ushistory.org n.d.) From that point
forward, he was and will always be reffered to as General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Stonewall
Jackson and his men advanced on the Union troops. He ordered his men to wait until they were
within 50 yards of the enemy before engaging, and to "yell like furies", giving the Confederates the
first battle cry of the Civil War. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
General Beauregard saw a battalion of troops advancing towards him. With both the Confederate
and Union flags looking so similar, he wasn't sure which side these men were on. It wasn't until he
was about to order retreat when a gust of wind unfurled the flag, showing the colors of the
Confederate States of America. With this new influx of fresh troops, the Confederates were able to
push back the Union. The Union army was not prepared for the new troops arriving, and a retreat
was immenent. The Union army fled, but inexperience turned into chaos, with no one retreating with
any organization. They were lucky. The Confederates were also mostly green to battle, and their
inexperience and disorganization made them unable to pursue the Union

Battle Of Shiloh
The three probably most important battles of the Civil War were great victories, but came at a price.
The Confederate army surrendered at the battle of Vicksburg on July 4th 1863. They were sad and
ashamed after prolonged violent attacks. This was the end of one of the most brilliant military
campaigns of the war. The sad loss of Pemberton's army and the stronghold in Vicksburg on the
mighty Mississippi River was very effective in splitting the Confederacy in half.
Grants skilled and well planned military success in the West boosted his proud reputation, leading
ultimately to his appointment as the new and better General – In – Chief of the Union. When Grant's
army captured the mighty Mississippi we were able to cut the supply lines, ... Show more content on
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General Grant and his army of forty–two thousand men had camped along the river. The
Confederates second stupid leader, General Albert Sidney Johnston said, "I would fight him if he
were a million." The poorly prepared rebels were on the march and without food for twenty–four
hours. The tired and hungry Confederate Army was still able to catch Grant's army by surprise.
Eight of ten union soldiers at Shiloh had never fought before. At the end of the Battle of Shiloh
twenty–four thousand men were dead, wounded, or captured. On April 25, 1862 Union forces under
David Farragut captured New Orleans, Louisiana the largest city in the South. Farragut, who was of
Spanish descent grew up in the South but remained loyal to the North. The capture of New Orleans
was the key to getting the mighty and powerful Mississippi River. The North was able to cut the
supply lines, cut the water highway travel down, and cut states away from the country.
The capture of mighty and powerful Mississippi River was the result of three of the battles of the
Civil War. The Battle of Vicksburg, the Battle of New Orleans, and the Battle of Shiloh. These three
battles were important to the success of the Union Army without them we probably would not have
won the war. The battles are very interesting, complex, and cruel but wars are wars and a lot of
people

How Did The Minie Ball Affect Infantry Tactics During The...
How did the Minié Ball Affect Infantry Tactics in the U.S. Civil War? The U.S. civil war was the
most bloody conflict that the U.S. had ever been involved in. It brought over 1,100,000 casualties
from both sides, with over ninety percent of these casualties resulting from small– arms fire (Howey
"Weaponry, the Rifle–Musket and the Minié ball"). The Minié Ball has been widely attributed to a
majority of these cases. The Ball was a bullet developed by Claude–Étienne Minié and Henri–
Gustave Delvigne in 1849 after the two French officers decided to improve on a currently existing
design (HistoryNet "Minié Ball"). The pair also designed a rifle, a gun containing a barrel with
grooves running in a corkscrew fashion along the length of the barrel. These grooves caught the
bullet as it traveled down the barrel and spun it, greatly increasing the velocity and accuracy of the
bullet as it left the barrel. Compared to the earlier musket balls, which bounced around in the barrel
and exited at an unpredictable angle, it was much more accurate. When the bullet arrived in the
United States, James Burton at the arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, simplified the bullet into the
.58 calibre widely used in the Civil War (Leonard "The Bullet That Changed History"). The ball,
made of soft lead, featured a conical shape and a hollow center. This allowed it to expand to fit the
barrel when shot out of the gun and easily engage the rifling, making it more aerodynamic and
capable of flying at

Civil War Weaponry
Ketchum Grenades
In August of 1861, William F. Ketchum patented the Ketchum Hand Grenade. Shortly after, in the
years of 1863 and 1864, the grenade was implemented in the American Civil War.
With a lemon–shaped piece of iron and a tail made of paper or cardboard, the handheld explosive
greatly resembled a dart. On the front of the grenade's body was a plunger, which held a percussion
cap filled with explosive material.When the the grenade fell onto its nose and applied pressure to the
plunger, an explosion was triggered, only to be met by more gunpowder inside. Although the
resulting explosion caused a great deal of mayhem and shrapnel, it was not very reliable because its
detonation depended on the grenade falling directly onto its nose. Because of its temperamental
behavior, the grenade got a reputation for not being very accurate.
During its use by the Union army, the weapon was still in its earliest stages. Although the
Confederate army did not adopt this specific weapon, they had similar ideas such as the Raines
grenade, which was similar in appearance, but completely inadequate for battle. Instead of
cardboard fins for a stable flight, the Raines grenade had a cloth streamer.
Ketchums were used in several important battles such as the battle of Vicksburg and the siege of
Petersburg. Union soldiers threw the grenades at the Confederate troops and stood back for the
explosion. They were faced with an unpleasant surprise when the Confederates found a way to avoid
any

The Killer Angels Summary
Lauren Pagone
U.S. History
Professor Panzella
December 1, 2015
The Killer Angels
The Killer Angels, written by Michael Shaara, is very educational and provides many details about
the history of America. The Killer Angels describes the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. The Army
of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac fought one of the largest battles in the American
Civil War on July 1, 1863. The Army of the Potomac is also known as the Union Army and the
Army of Northern Virginia is known as the Confederate Army. When the battle was finished, 51,000
men were dead, wounded, or missing. While reading, I learned that many of the characters in this
novel were based on real historical figures. On June 29, 1863, a spy came to James Longstreet and
He then realized that the two armies may end up fighting in the town. Therefore, he took his two
brigades with approximately 2,000 men. In the Confederate camp, Longstreet met with George
Pickett. On the morning of July 1, Lee cursed Stuart. Without Stuart, he was blind because he had no
idea where the Union army was. When he met with Longstreet, the Confederates used there
defensive tactics in order to win the battle, but Lee refused. The battle of Gettysburg began when the
Confederates attacked Buford's men. Buford held the Confederates off until General John Reynolds
arrived. Lee arrived in Gettysburg and finds the battle occurring. 2 other Confederate generals
arrived and sent word to Lee that they had engaged the Union troops. Lee ordered his generals to
attack. Meanwhile, Chamberlain's regiment began to move north toward Gettysburg. Chamberlain
was told that he was the extreme left of the Union line, which meant that he could never retreat.
Chamberlain and his men fought the Confederates, but they eventually ran out of bullets. Next,
Chamberlain ordered a bayonet charge, and his screaming regiment frightened the Confederates into
fleeing. Longstreet's men had suffered heavy losses in the peach

Compare and Contrast Union and Confederacy in Civil War Essay
The challenges that the Union and the Confederacy faced during the Civil War were very different.
Critical weaknesses that seemed unfit for war, plagued the opposing American forces, and would
serve to be a continuous obstacle that would need to be conquered by patriotism of the people, for
their opposing views. To allow for both sides to be competitive, the efforts put forth had to mold to
the varied needs of the armies by both the civilian population and their militaries. To the people in
the south the similarity to the colonists in the Revolutionary War, was assimilated to their separatist
cause in the Civil War and would be their drive to compete with the dominating Northern states.
This mindset started the Confederacy in the Civil ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was well believed until Jackson's forces began unloading rounds on the Union army stopping
McDowell's forces from advancing, holding the line like "a stone wall." As the new Union recruits
witnessed battle for the first time and felt the lack of preparation, they were quick to retreat back to
Washington DC. The Southern victory and the tens of thousands of lives lost proved to the Union
that this war was not going to be easily won.
The southern states although far less populated and without initial means to manufacture war
supplies did have the strengths to be very competitive. Strong, experienced Confederate leadership
in their practiced military, and the overall will power to protect their way of life would prove to be
their greatest assets. Jefferson Davis became the president of the Confederacy and was a model
leader. He developed a distinguished political career with many years served in the senate, he was a
West Point graduate, the former Secretary of War, and a veteran of the Mexican American War. He
was the ideal candidate for a president in war times. He had the advantage of having General Robert
E. Lee commanding his army after Joseph Johnston was injured in The Battle of Bull run. Robert E.
Lee due to strong respect, character and performance in the Mexican American war was Lincoln's
first choice as the Union general but Lee's patriotism to his home state

Essay On The Great Battle Of The American Civil War
The Great Battles of the American Civil War The Civil War, often called the War for Southern
Independence began on April 12, 1861. The main cause of the war was slavery. The southern states
depended on slaves to help grow crops which were the main source of income for the south. Slavery
was illegal in all of the northern states but most people actually were neutral about it. The main
conflict was if slavery should be permitted in the newly developing western territories. The first
battle of the Civil War occurred on April 10, 1861 when Brigadier General Beauregard demanded
the surrender of Fort Sumter. The commander of the fort, Major Anderson, refused. Two days later
Confederate artillery came crashing down on the fort. On ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Johnston originally planned to attack Grant on April 4, but delays postponed it until the 6th.
Attacking the Union troops on the morning of the 6th, the Confederates surprised them, routing
many. Some Federals made determined stands and by afternoon, they had established a battle line at
the sunken road, known as the "Hornets Nest." Repeated Rebel attacks failed to carry the Hornets
Nest, but massed artillery helped to turn the tide as Confederates surrounded the Union troops and
captured, killed, or wounded most. Johnston had been mortally wounded earlier and his second in
command, Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard, took over. The Union troops established another line covering
Pittsburgh Landing, anchored with artillery and augmented by Buell's men who began to arrive and
take up positions. Fighting continued until after dark, but the Federals held. By the next morning,
the combined Federal forces numbered about 40,000, outnumbering Beauregard's army of less than
30,000. Beauregard was unaware of the arrival of Buell's army and launched a counterattack in
response to a two–mile advance by William Nelson's division of Buell's army at 6:00 am, which
was, at first, successful. Union troops stiffened and began forcing the Confederates back.
Beauregard ordered a counterattack, which stopped the Union advance but did not break its battle
line. At this point, Beauregard realized that he could not win and, having suffered too many

Gettysburg Chapter 1-2 Summary
June 29th 1863
Chapters 1–2 Summary
Lieutenant General Longstreet of the Confederate army paid a spy to find information about the
Union. When the spy returns with crucial information about the whereabouts of the Union,
Longstreet must take action. He goes to General Lee and informs him that the Union army is very
close and in large numbers. The Confederate army army is spread out. They were not expecting an
attack and had no idea the union army was so close. They make a plan to seize the element of
surprise and concentrate their force as they move towards Gettysburg and try to cut the Union army
off.
Colonel Chamberlain of the Union army has just heard of the Confederate movement towards
Gettysburg. He begins to move his regiment towards. That morning, a group of rebellious soldiers
had arrived at Chamberlain's regiment with instructions to shoot them if ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He knows stubborn Lee will not take his ideas into consideration. Lee will attack again in the
morning. He is depressed about his dead children. Longstreet talks with an Englishman, Fremantle
about Stonewall Jackson.
Chapters 6–7 Lee discusses strategies for attacking with a few of his generals. The army had a
chance to fight at Cemetery Hill,, but one of the generals, Ewell, was being overly cautious and
choose to wait for more troops. Lee suggests that Ewell and one other general attack the right flank
of the Union. At the same time general Longstreet would be attacking the left flank. Still annoyed at
general stuart and curious of his whereabouts, Lee goes to bed. On the Union side, general Buford
walks around the camp. He hears two soldiers arguing and when he walks in, they tell him that
general Howard thinks that it is Buford's fault that they lost that day. General Hancock tells Buford
to get his act together and fix his cavalry. General Meade gets to the camp. Buford is embarrassed
and

Grant 's Strategy For Union Victory Over Frederick The...
without concert, like a balky team, no two ever pulling together." Further, Grant wrote, that Union
forces had "seventeen distinct commanders. Before this time these various armies had acted
separately and independently of each other, giving the enemy an opportunity often of depleting one
command, not pressed, to reinforce another more actively engaged. I determined to stop this." Grant
then immediately provided for a coordinated simultaneous advance of all forces with the main
armies strengthened as much as possible by reducing subsidiary forces previously cordoned for
defensive purposes. While he may not have been intentionally channeling Jominian ideas, Grant 's
strategy for Union victory has been compared by historians with the Jominian prescription for
victory over Frederick the Great. Since the Confederates were vigorous in applying the principle of
concentration on successive lines of operations in order to defeat Union forces, Grant 's strategy had
to be directed to preventing these Confederate concentrations. Grant 's strategy was founded on
nullifying the South 's principal means of defense, the Jominian shifting of forces successively from
one line of operations to another. Grant, in fact, was applying Jomini 's prescription for victory by
Daun over Frederick–coordination, and an invasion into the heart of his states. Grant 's plans
concentrated on two lines of operations, Virginia and Georgia, and looked for success on only one of
them. To prevent Lee

Battle Of Wilderness Essay
Battle Of Wilderness
The Battle of the Wilderness was fought May 5–7 1864 in the course of the Civil War. The battle
was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War that had a great impact on the Virginia campaign
and further development of the Civil War. At the same time, the battle ended in disengagement,
which did not bring any clear results for either party, Grant's army from the Union Part and Lee's
army from the Confederate part. Instead, fighting had to carry on but the battle influenced the
balance of power in the region and marked the beginning of Southerners' retreat and advancement of
the Union army. Now let's talk about what influence the battle of the wilderness have on the Civil
War. The Battle of the Wilderness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To put it more precisely, Grant attempted to attack Lee's army from three directions and the first was
the attack from Meade. In such a way, he attempted to push Confederates Southward and to win the
Virginia campaign. In a short–run perspective, Grant's plan was to cross the Rapidan River east of
the Confederate position at Orange Court House, before swinging west to engage the enemy. In such
a way, the battle was a part of the attack on the Confederate from three directions to defeat them in
Virginia. The Political, Economic, and Social Considerations of the Battle
In fact, the Battle of the Wilderness had a number of political, economic and social considerations.
The political consideration of the battle was grounded on the appointment of Grant as the new
commander in chief of the Eastern Union army. He needed to win the battle and to push Southerners
Southward to prove his ability to bring Union troops to success. Lee attempted to enhance the
position of Southerners and to carry on offense Northward. For Lee and Southerners, the battle
could allow maintaining control over the occupied land and creating the ground for the further
expansion. In such a way, Southerners could demonstrate their supremacy and ability to defeat the

Battle Of Shiloh Essay
 The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a major battle in the
Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. A
Union force known as the Army of the Tennessee under Major General Ulysses S. Grant had moved
via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and was encamped principally at Pittsburg Landing,
Tennessee on the west bank of that river, where the Confederate Army of Mississippi, under General
Albert Sidney Johnston and second–in–command Pierre G. T. Beauregard, launched a surprise
attack on Grant's army from its base in Corinth, Mississippi. Johnston was mortally wounded during
the fighting; Beauregard, who thus succeeded to command of the army, decided against pressing the
attack late in the evening. Overnight Grant was reinforced by one of his own ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnston hoped to defeat Grant's army before the anticipated arrival of General Buell's Army of the
Ohio. The Confederate battle lines became confused during the fierce fighting, and Grant's men
instead fell back to the northeast, in the direction of Pittsburg Landing. A Union position on a
slightly sunken road, nicknamed the "Hornet's Nest," defended by the men of Brig. Gens. Benjamin
Prentiss's and William H. L. Wallace's divisions, provided critical time for the remainder of the
Union line to stabilize under the protection of numerous artillery batteries. Wallace was mortally
wounded when the position collapsed, while several regiments from the two divisions were
eventually surrounded and surrendered. General Johnston was shot in the leg and bled to death while
personally leading an attack. Beauregard, his second in command, acknowledged how tired the army
was from the day's exertions and decided against assaulting the final Union position that

War At The Best, Is Horrible, And This War Of Ours
David Leathers Professor Blanc US History 13 November 2014 Civil Warfare "War at the best, is
terrible, and this war of ours, in its magnitude and in its duration, is one of the most terrible"
(Lincoln). This "war of ours" is the American Civil War 1861–1865. It is one of the most significant
wars ever fought in American History. Many Americans lost their lives, some defending freedom,
and others defending the Union. The warfare was a major contributor to the casualties suffered
during this bloodbath. To fully understand this warfare, one must understand the individual factors
involved and how they affected the warfare. The five factors are: military strategy, worldview
paradigm, weapons and supplies, terrain, and climate. Military Strategy is important to understand
because it is the way that warfare is carried out. A historian named Kelly Snell writes, "Old world
tactics and training were inefficient due to modern weaponry" (Snell). There was pressure for a
transition to new military strategy because of the new weapons. The tactics used before the civil war
are often referred to as antebellum. Antebellum means "existing before a war" (Antebellum).
Advances in weaponry caused for a change of thought on how to approach warfare. "All of the
military thinking of the day was influenced by Napoleon" (Snell). This war therefore was set up for
groundbreaking improvements in strategy. Heidler explains how the Union was trying preserve its
unity with the south, so in order to

The Legacy Of The American Civil War
The American Civil War was the result of decades of sectional tensions between the North and
South. Over the next several months eleven southern states seceded and formed the Confederate
States of America. During the first two years of the war, Southern troops won numerous victories,
but saw their fortunes turned after losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863. From then on,
Northern forces worked to conqueror the South, forcing them to surrender in April 1865.
The roots of the Civil War can be traced to increasing differences between the North and the South
and their growing divergence as the 19th century progressed. Among the issues were expansion of
slavery into the territories, the South 's declining political power, states' rights, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the 21st, they met a Confederate army near Manassas and were defeated.
Following the defeat at Bull Run, Major General George McClellan was given command of the new
Union Army of the Potomac. In early 1862, he shifted south to attack Richmond through the
Peninsula. Moving slowly, he was forced to retreat after the Seven Days Battles. This campaign saw
the rise of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. After beating a Union army at Manassas, Lee began
to move north into Maryland. McClellan was sent to intercept and won a victory at Antietam on the
17th. Unhappy with McClellan 's slow pursuit of Lee, Lincoln gave command to Major General
Ambrose Burnside. In December, Burnside was beaten at Fredericksburg and replaced by Major
General Joseph Hooker. The following May, Lee engaged and defeated Hooker at Chancellorsville,
VA.
In February 1862, forces under General Ulysses S. Grant captured Forts Henry & Donelson. Two
months later he defeated a Confederate army at Shiloh, TN. On April 29, Union naval forces
captured New Orleans. To the east, Confederate General Braxton Bragg attempted to invade
Kentucky, but was repelled at Perryville on October 8. That December he was beaten again at
Stones River, TN. Grant now focused his attention on capturing Vicksburg and opening the
Mississippi River. After a false start, his troops swept through Mississippi on May 18, 1863.
In June of that same year, Lee began to move north towards

The First Battle Of Bull Run Essay
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
On July 21, 1861, two armies, one confederate and the other Union, prepared for the first major land
battle of the Civil War. In 1861 Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President.
The Southern states had seceded and the South had fired on and captured Fort Sumter on April 12
1861.
After the Fort Sumter battle, both the North and the South began preparing for war by raising
armies. This was done quickly and neither side spent much time training the troops. Both sides also
did not know what a long and terrible war was ahead.
The first Battle of Bull Run took place near Manassas Junction, Virginia, an important railroad
junction twenty five ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Confederates at Manassas knew far ahead of this action due to many Southern spies in
Washington. The Southern troops spread in lines along eight miles of Bull Run Creek. The heaviest
Southern troops were on a ridge around Henry House. After a few skirmishes, the Union Army
arrived at Bull Run on July 21, 1861.
As the Union Army approached Bull Run, General Johnston's army faked an attack at Harpers Ferry.
As the 18,000 Union troops dug in for assault, the Southern forces jumped on rail cars and headed
for Bull Run to reinforce the Confederate Army.
General McDonnell attempted to flank the Confederates by moving north and west, and began
several attacks on the Confederates right flank and the center of the Confederate line at Henry
House.
As the battle wore on, the superior numbers of the Union Army began to wear down the Confederate
lines. At a critical point, as the Confederates began to fall back, an officer pointed out a line of
rebels who were still strong. He said, "look at Jackson's men standing like a stone wall". He was
talking about General T. J. Jackson's men. Jackson would from then on be known as "Stonewall
Jackson", one of the most famous of all Confederate generals. This seemed to inspire the Southern
troops at Henry

General Jackson Battle Of Command Essay
General Jackson's II Corps attacked during the afternoon of May 2nd. Opposing them was a Union
force that had gathered for supper and was wholly unprepared to defend itself. Union forces rapidly
withered and routed under the Confederate onslaught, retreating within hundreds of meters of
General Hooker's headquarters. Within several hours of the initial attack, nightfall forced a halt to
the Confederate offensive and offered a reprieve for Union forces. Determined to prevent the Union
Army from regrouping and consolidating its lines during the night, General Jackson conducted a
reconnaissance of Union lines with key members of his staff, in preparation for a night attack. While
returning from the evening reconnaissance, Confederate soldiers from North Carolina misidentified
Jackson and his staff and fired upon them, wounding Jackson and several other staff officers. Upon
learning of Jackson's condition, General Stuart immediately assumed command of II Corps. Figure
4. General Lee Resumes Offensive (Jespersen, 1863) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hooker, to defend his headquarters, ordered Union forces off a hilltop called Hazel Grove, to form a
defensive perimeter around his headquarters. While this decision enabled Hooker to consolidate his
lines, Hazel Grove possessed a commanding view of the area and direct line of sight to his
headquarters. Confederate artillery rapidly occupied the high ground and began shelling the Union
headquarters building. A close shell impact rendered Hooker unconscious for over half an hour,
which most historians believe was a concussion. The lack of a clear succession of command caused
confusion amongst the officers in his headquarters. After resuming consciousness, General Hooker
refused to relinquish control of the Army to any of his commanders, despite clearly being in an
impaired state of

The Battle Of The Confederate Army Led By William T. Sherman
On September 1, 1864 Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, Commander of the Military Division of
Army of Mississippi with his Union troops, had successfully captured Atlanta from the Confederate
Army led by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood. At that time Atlanta considered as the heart of the South for
the Southerns and for the Confederate Army. On the other hand "Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
General in chief of the U.S. Army believed that the Civil War would come to an end only if the
Confederacy 's strategic, economic, and psychological capacity for warfare were decisively broken"
. So after the south had lost their most important railroad junctions and their important productive
manufacturing centers, Sherman would now fight the last battle to make it more difficult for the
southern Confederacy.
On November 15, 1864 Sherman and his 60,000 Union troops left Atlanta and start marching to
Savannah port on the Atlantic Ocean, expecting to face 13,000 troops from the Confederate Army
led by LTG. William J. Hardee. On December 12, the Union army arrived near Savannah, and on the
night of December 20–21, the Confederates filed out of their trenches and headed north and left the
city without protection. On the morning of December 21, 1864 Mayor Richard D. Arnold formally
surrendered Savannah to the Union army, Sherman had telegrammed Washington D.C presenting
Savannah as a Christmas gift to President Lincoln.
Here in my essay, I will write through research and analysis about a specific subject

Compare And Contrast Union And Confederate Armies
The Union and the Confederate Armies had many strategies in the first half of the war as they
experience success and defeats from both sides. As part of a strategy for the confederacy they
created an army from scratch equipping them with lots of many useful sources, while the
North/Union didn't have to as they had navy and armies. After the South separated they reorganized
themselves and expanded their militias which were more like clubs. An Union plan was when the
obstruction of the Southern line was taking place they had over one hundred thousand volunteers
that became part of the navy who were to take hold of the Union ships. As challenging it might have
been and costly they had armed their soldiers with riffles which a lot of it was imported.

Why the North Won the American Civil War Essay
Why the North Won the American Civil War
Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman observed to a Southern friend that, "In all history, no
nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are
bound to fail." While Sherman's statement proved to be correct, its flaw is in its assumption of a
decided victory for the North and failure to account for the long years of difficult fighting it took the
Union to secure victory. Unquestionably, the war was won and lost on the battlefield, but there were
many factors that swayed the war effort in favor of the North and impeded the South's ability to
stage a successful campaign. The advantages of the Union going into the war are numerous. The
system ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With no navy to mount a defense, the Southern government was forced to control production of
cotton and raise taxes, which only furthered the disillusionment of its population (Perman, 224).
Poor Southerners in particular began to see the war as benefiting a section of society that did not
include them, as they were not slave owners. They were the very people forced to make the most
sacrifices for the war and the government's control of their ability to produce led to bread riots
(Perman, 219). Moreover, as enlistment numbers in the Confederate army dwindled, the government
had no option but to turn to forced conscription and impressments of slaves, which Southerners
viewed as the impounding of personal property (Perman, 221). The realities of war created a conflict
that Southerners did not foresee when they had created an aloof central government. Furthermore,
the South had little preexisting industry and lacked an infrastructure for dispersing goods (Perman,
14). From an early point in the war the Union army cut off railways and blockaded Southern ports,
and roads in the South were primitive. Farmers were forced to contend with government controls on
production and marauding thieves who would take whatever they could from them. With no means
of transporting goods and no slave labor, Southerners could barely produce enough to feed their
families and even if they were

Battle Of Gettysburg Battle Analysis
The Battle of Gettysburg begins in July 1, 1863 which was the start of the American Civil War the
Battle started by accident when General George Meade (leader of the Union Troops) was pursuing
General Robert E Lee (leader of the Confederate Troops), so General Lee concentrated his Army.
The Battle began on Pearson's ridge in Gettysburg Pennsylvania until it reached north of town where
the Union eleven Corps led by Richard Yule joined General Lee's Troops. "Ben Neely emphasized
that the most damaging aspect of the weather for this event occurred on July 4, the day after the
battle had ended. Rain fell across the area for most of the day; a total of 1.39 inches. While the
wounded still lay on the ground, some may have felt welcomed by the break in action. Some injured
soldiers had still not been recovered from low–lying areas by the Plum Run Creek, which
overflowed its banks. Those stranded near the flood waters, reported a lot of Confederates drowned.
An even larger issue that was faced because of the rain was the retreat attempts made by the
Confederate Army on July 4 (tuthill, 2014) Turning now to the principle of the offensive, we can see
that it embodies the idea of seizing and retaining the initiative. That is, even though a clear objective
might be assigned, it can only be attained through aggressive offensive operations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the evening of June 29, Meade's Army of the Potomac was encamped in northern Maryland on a
line extending roughly from Emmitsburg to Manchester. On the following day, Meade sent out
various dispatches and orders that indicated his knowledge of the enemy's location. Specifically,
Meade knew that the Confederate infantry corps, commanded by generals James Longstreet and A.
P. Hill, were at Chambersburg with, in the words of his assistant adjutant general, "evident
disposition to advance from Chambersburg to Gettysburg." He also indicated in the same
correspondence that Richard Ewell's corps was at Carlisle

'Why was the civil war so long and so bloody?'
"Why was the civil war so long and so bloody?"
In 1860 the average American believed that they were living the happiest and luckiest a person
could be. They were generally living better than their fathers, and looked forward to their children
prospering more than themselves. However, at the time America had developed into two very
different societies between the North and the South. These changing societies were beginning to
adjust to the start of the industrial revolution in separate ways.
In the North slavery had died out as it did not pay. However, in the South in had begun to prosper
greatly. This was due to the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 which allowed large amounts of
cotton to be raised using slave labour. The North was in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this time it was also declared that Blacks were allowed to join the Union army. These
announcements were crucial to the Union as they gained support from the Negro communities and
politically helped preserve the Union.
The battle of Gettysburg took place between July 1st – 3rd 1963. In the May of 1963 Lee had been
given the go ahead for a north invasion. Lee hoped that a victory in the north would help increase
the peace movement which was gathering some support there. This, along with the weakening of the
Union army, may initiate talks of surrender by the Federal Army. On June 30th come of the
Confederate army marched into the town of Gettysburg but wee driven back by a Union cavalry
which was already there. So, the next day the Confederates attacked with more force, with troops
from the wast, north and east. This drove the Union army back and up onto Cemetery Hill. This
however, resulted in giving the Union a good position for defence. On July 2nd Lee ordered more
attacks and an attempt to storm Cemetery Hill. This was unsuccessful, but resulted in 9,000
casualties. At 1.00pm on July 3rd Confederates opened fire on the Federal line and major duel
continued for two hours. Then the infantry moved forward which is known as "Pickett 's Charge" .
The Confederate army was driven back and the battle was considered a Union victory. The battle left
the Confederates with around 28,000 casualties and the Union with

The Road To Kentucky: The Road To Kentucky
The Road to Kentucky The South desired to bring the neutral state of Kentucky to the Confederacy.
The Confederacy also wanted to move its western border to the Ohio River, while diverting Union
forces from southern strongholds. Since the first artillery ordinance crossed the waters at Fort
Sumter, little did the state of Kentucky know it would play a critical role in the outcome of the Civil
War. Tennessee seceded from the union after President Abraham Lincoln called upon the Volunteer
State to overpower the rebellion; Kentucky laid just to the north and it would appear to be a strategic
advantage point in trans–Allegheny West. In the meantime, General Bragg and his top general Major
General (MG) Kirby Smith studied over their

Benefits Of The Black Union Army
Benefits of the Black Union Army–Did Blacks Receive Equal Treatment?
Introduction
The black union army is a term commonly used to refer to the black men of African American origin
who were mostly recruited into the American army as a consequence of the civil war between the
northern and southern states. This war came to an end with the surrender of the nonfederal forces in
1865, after a fierce battle that had started three years prior with the firing on Fort Sumter.
As a result racial of discrimination, the efforts of African Americans in winning the civil war were
not aired. In the earlier years blacks were associated with slavery, and were destined to hard work
and service for the whites. They had no constitutional rights to a formal ... Show more content on
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By the end of the victorious civil war, a third of the African American armies out of the estimated
180,000 enlisted until 1865, had perished in the battle fields (A+E Networks, 1). During the 1862,
the second black militia group was absorbed into the Union Army in Louisiana by Major General
Butler Benjamin, and led by black lieutenants and captains and was to be known as the Louisiana
Native Guards. After this incident, the black men took the opportunity and formed many other
colored infantries that helped in liberating power from the non federal regime leading to the
formation of the Black Union Armies.
Benefits of the Black Union Army
To a great extent, the involvement of African American's in the Civil War and the occurrence of this
war at the time, the democratic government needed a strong force, assisted in uplifting the status and
dignity of the black people in the american society. This created a highway to commence a number
of constitutional reforms that gave blacks the freedom and chance to engage in many issues
affecting the American people as a nation, and the black identity unlike before.
The Emancipation Proclamation
Since 1792, the federal law had prohibited the enlisting black men into the army and was to submit
and work as slaves in the United States. After one year of warfare with the non federal states, there
was evidence of victory to the democratic

Battle Of Brownsville Essay
The Battle of Brownsville was the final battle in the American Civil War. Although it was a
Confederate victory, the Union Army won the war. This battle took place near the present day Rio
Grand River. It is sometimes called the Battle of Palmito Ranch or the battle on the Gulf Coast.
There are many opinions on how many soldiers died that day, but the most reliable seems to come
from CivilWar.com. They say that 118 Union soldiers were lost, compared to only around 6
Confederate soldiers. The Union Army's purpose was to disrupt any reported Confederate camps and
possible blockades around the area, but failed when their position was given away by "the crunching
of twigs and leaves". The Union soldiers both white and black were forced to retreat

Gettysburg Buford's Command
During the battle of Gettysburg Buford was at his greatest fame that was when he made his largest
contributions to the Civil War. On July 1, 1863 during his command over the 1st Division of the
Cavalry Corps that ran into parts of the Army of Northern Virginia outside of Gettysburg. He only
had enough strength to post one man per yard of ground, Buford instructed one of his brigades,
under Colonel Williams Gamble, to dismount and delay the progress of A.P. Hill's Confederate III
Corps along the from the road by Cashtown. Buford's clever defensives of troops arrangement along
with bravery, dedication, and well trained ability of his men, gave the Union 1st Corps under Major
General John F. Reynolds, the opportunity to deploy and face off against the Confederates outside of
Gettysburg, therefore Maintaining a Union grip on the strategically important positions that would
become the backbone of the Unions defensive positions for the remainder of the battle. Confederate
strength on the battlefield was growing faster than the Union. The battle to be coming to an end with
in the matter of just hours, General Lee was in charge of the most important ground units. The
remaining Unions troops were driven back on the columns of General Meade's five uncommitted
corps. Confederate artillery were set near what is now known as the Pease Light Monument.
Howard's divisions arrived in Gettysburg roughly around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Within two hours the 11th corps had closed up with one division being posted on Cemetery Hill,
south of the town, and the other were in the flat fields north of the town, where Devin's brigade of
Buford's cavalry watched the advance of

Economics, Political, And Union Leadership
Economics, political viewpoint, and union leadership were the primary reason the union won the
war. Although, Abraham Lincoln, committed to the preservation of the union, his leadership was not
the primary reason the north won. The union economy had an advantage to winning the war over the
south. The northern states had more money; which allowed them to increase their assets, such as,
their industries, technologies, as well as transportation. The North acquired their money by raising
loans and issuing bonds, as well as encouraging citizens and bankers to invest. Two– thirds of the
money was from loans and bonds and one– fifth by taxes. More importantly the Internal Revenue
Act (1862) brought in ten times more of the money than regular ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Despite those loses the Union army was able to redeem themselves in the battle of Fort Henry and
Donelson and Shiloh. Their manpower and their economic advantage showed in all three of the
important battles favoring the Union winning the war. Although, President Lincoln was focused on
winning the war, he was able to pick good generals to lead the armies; however he was not mainly
focused on the political aspects of the war. Lincoln came into office as President with little
administrative experience. Whereas Davis, Confederate president, had military and administrative
experience could use both to his advantage. Lincoln, having an analytical mind, was able to master
the military strategy for the war. This made him more involved in the military aspect of the war and
not the political or economic matters which was left to Congress. After his inauguration as President
of the United States on March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln warned the South that secession was
illegal under the Constitution and would declare war against the rebelling states if deemed
necessary. Once the war began Lincoln was always fearful of the threat of southern sympathizers so,
he suspend the writ of habeas corpus– the right of prisoners to a trial. Due to his little experience
with administrative aspects thought this would be okay; to

How Did Mclellan Influence The Battle Of Virginia
Although Lee was mistaken in his assessment of the tactical leader of Union forces on July 1, he
understood the operational leader, McClellan, very well. Throughout the entire Peninsular
Campaign, McClellan had been easily fooled into believing that the Confederate army was
considerably larger than its actual size. Throughout the Seven Days Campaign, he had been
repeatedly driven back, from the threshold of the Confederate capital to the coast of Virginia, despite
any substantial victories by the Southern forces. He would fight a battle to a standstill or even a
Confederate defeat but would fall back once the battle was complete. (Longstreet, 398) In short, he
was intimidated by Lee's aggressiveness. In this regard, attacking on July 1, regardless of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Failure to attack would have been a marked change from the aggressive tactics used by Lee in the
rest of the campaign and may have given McClellan the confidence to remain in Virginia, which
would be a major blow to the Confederacy. The entire Army of Northern Virginia would be needed
to contain these Union forces, and even on the coast the enemy was near Richmond, the heart of the
Confederate cause. Any threat to Richmond had to be removed immediately as the fall of Richmond
would act as a symbol for the fall of the Confederacy and would boost the willingness of the North
to continue to prosecute the invasion of the Southern states. Given the lack of industry and
manpower in the South, the best hope was simply to break the Union's will to fight since the
Confederacy was incapable of sustaining war for as long as North. As if this blow would not be
enough, a significant portion of the South's limited industry was located in Richmond ("Capital
Cities of the Confederacy"). Already outmatched by the North, loss of this industrial base would
prove nearly as devastating as the symbolical fall of the capital. Therefore, on an operational and

Killer Angels Essay
The novel The Killer Angles, by Michael Shaara, gives a story like depiction of the American Civil
War at the Battle of Gettysburg. In this novel we see the views of both Confederate and Union
armies. The officers for both sides in this novel used to go to war with each other but are now on
different sides according to their political views. In the end both armies realized the war had
accomplished nothing but all the deaths of soldiers.
During the novel, the armies are going to war against their opponents and not necessarily their
enemies.Despite the fact that the Confederate and Union armies were entirely concerned with
defeating their opponent, many times they were fighting against relatives and friends. For instance,
General ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These two men were at one time friends. Again during the war, officers make a realization about the
war.
Longstreet realizes that Armistead and Garnett are dead and that Kemper was dying (P.358). Then he
sees the true facts that this war had accomplished nothing but the deaths of great men.Shaara's
theory was that the war accomplished nothing but deaths. This theory has been considered before by
many men, most likely the men of the war. George Pickett knows the war is not just about slavery
(P. 71). In the Battle of Gettysburg thousands of men died for almost nothing.
Of course the main cause of the war was slavery, but other circumstances contributed to the cause of
the civil war, such as the election of Abraham Lincoln.This book contributes a detailed description
and story of the Battle of Gettysburg. Many books about Gettysburg give a biography about the
battle and the commanders, but this book makes the commanders and soldiers come to life. It shows
actual feelings about the war. While most books give a narrative monologue of the battle.
This book brings characters to life and gives a detailed description of the battle.This novel has raised
questions in my mind because I was unaware of the real battle; but it raises no new questions to
society such as Hofstadter's writings. This novel gives a very accurate description of the Battle of
Gettysburg. This novel also shows the importance of each battle and each division in each of these
battles. Moreover

Graduation Speech: Nurse And Spy In The Union Army
Good evening, fellow friends and...enemies. I am Franklin Thompson, *coughs* I mean, Sarah
Emma Edmonds, also known as, Cuff, Bridget O'Shea, Charles Mayberry, et cetera, et cetera. But
today, I'm here as plain Ms. Edmonds. You might know me from my book Nurse and Spy in the
Union Army, which was published in 1864. During the dreadful war, I served as a male nurse in the
Union army under General McClellan. But when a Union spy in Richmond was discovered and died
before the firing squad, and my good friend, James Vesey, was killed in an ambush (rest his soul), I
felt it was my duty to avenge his death. I got the spot for spy (as Thompson, of course). I loved
changing my identity and going into enemy territory; it was just so exciting! Of course,

The Battle Of Gettysburg: Turning Point In The Civil War
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the civil war because the union got the victory and
that gave them a big advantage over the Confederate. In the late summer of 1863 Confederate
general, Robert. E. Lee, had a plan to invade union territory. He explained his plan to President
Jefferson Davis but, he never liked it. Even though President Jeff never agreed with him, General
Lee still went with his plan to invade the north. News spread to the north of Lee's army. This caused
civilians to panic, resident of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania were running to train stations to try and get
out of town. President Abraham Lincoln made a change of general , and assigned General George
Meade as the new leader of

The Arlington National Cemetery Home
The Arlington National Cemetery was established around the time of the Civil War. The United
States needed a place to bury all of the dead soldiers, so they laid them down on the land of Robert
E. Lee and his wife. Over the years, 300,000 soldiers have been buried there. They have also
changed the qualifications to being buried in the cemetery. There are even a few famous war heroes
who are buried there, not to mention the presidents who have been laid to rest. No matter how
important a person is, calling Arlington National Cemetery home is an honor. In this paper, I will
discuss how Arlington National Cemetery was established, what the requirements are to be buried
there, and the statistics of the cemetery. Orton William was a cousin to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Union troops started marching in columns through Virginia towards their destination of
Arlington. The army took Arlington without a scratch and the next morning it was flooded with
Union members. The Union army soldiers stole souvenirs from the mansion which were left behind
from the Lees. Arlington soon became a busy village full of army tents and even telegram posts
connecting to the War office. Arlington started losing some of its famous beauty as the soldiers
cleared many of the oak trees to clear a shooting path. With the fallen timber, they built permanent
cabins and posted remounting stations near the river for the cavalry. Arlington was strengthened by
the best to withstand against any attacking force. (Poole) Many of the slaves who became free
during the war, headed to the capital city of Washington D.C.. The city became congested with
slaves so they became sick and many of them started dying. A few of the officers came up with the
idea to settle the former slaves on the property of Arlington. They viewed this as fitting, since
Arlington was the former house of rebel leaders supporting slavery. The established village became
known as Freedmen's Village. Surprisingly, Freedmen's Village had everything from schools and
churches to houses and farmland; the farmers would grow crops which would feed the Union
soldiers. (Poole) The same year the property was taken over, the U.S. Government authorized

The Principles Of War And Operations
Originally influenced by the strategic events seen throughout the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th
and early 19th centuries, the nine principles of war derived from the United States' Army's
"Principles of War and Operations" outline a basic strategic guide on waging war. Shortly before the
military adopted these guidelines, however, the United States of America saw civil unrest as the
Southern states seceded to form the Confederate States of America. As the Union Army of the North
battled the Confederate Army of the South, strategic principles similar to those outlined in the U.S.
Army's doctrine began to appear on the battlefield. Although the armies of the Union and the
Confederacy both utilized strategic elements outlined in the United States' Army's "Principles of
War and Operations", the Union army's stricter adherence to certain strategic principles resulted in
their ultimate success.
The "Principles of War and Operations" states that a successful army must "direct every military
operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective... [and that this principle]
drives all military activity"1. The average American history course portrays the objectives of the
Union as noble and just; the North fought to end slavery and liberate the oppressed. The Union's
original objective, however, was to simply "reconcile the Union"2. The reason for this being that
secession is a treasonous act of war3. To that effect, the Union's first objective is strictly

Causes And Consequences Of The American Civil War
1.Introduction
This essay will deal with the causes, events and consequences of the American Civil War which
happened in the second half of the 19th century (1861 – 1865). I will argue the fact how the War
meant a turning point of American democracy and its social structures, since many years, even
decades after the War's ending, the society was still very far away from being able to denote itself as
'modern' or 'racially equal'. The War, and especially the concept of slavery and its emancipation, as
one of the most significant events in both American and world history has been used as a common
motif in literature and cinematography, therefore I will enumerate and shortly describe the modern
adaptations of the period related to the War. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Union forces under the command of general McClellan approached Richmond from the Atlantic
coast, landing their troops east, in Yorktown, a peninsula between James and York rivers. The first
phase of the campaign included North's reaching of the town of the White House which concluded
with the indecisive Battle of Seven Pines, which was led by general Joseph E. Johnston who was
wounded during the battle and passed his leadership on to the general Robert E. Lee. The second
phase was characterized by three weeks of peace and inactivity. The final phase was marked by the
Confederate victory after the Union troops withdrew as a result of the Seven Days' Battles.
At the Battle of Antietam general Lee attemped to take over the Union territory in Maryland.
Unfortunately for the South, one of their messenger dropped a copy of the battle plan which was
later found by a Union soldier. The North attacked first on September 17th, 1862. The battle ended
in a

Battle Of Gettysburg Battle Analysis
After his victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May 1863, Robert E. led his Army of
Northern Virginia into its second invasion of the North. Lee planned to accrue supplies in the
prosperous Pennsylvania farmland, and take the fighting away from a war–torn Virginia. He wanted
to bring the war to Northern cities so they could experience the war first hand. the hope behind this
reasoning is that he could weaken the North's desire for war; thus, strengthening the North`s desire
for peace. Urged by President Abraham Lincoln, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker moved his Union Army
of the Potomac in pursuit of Lee`s army, but Hooker was relieved of command just three days before
the battle. Hooker's successor, Maj. Gen. George Meade moved northward, keeping his army
between Lee`s and Washington, D.C. When Lee learned that Meade was in Pennsylvania, he
concerted his confederate army around the city of Gettysburg.
The two armies collided west and north of the town on July 1, 1863. Union cavalry led by Brig.
Gen. John Buford slowed the Confederate advance until Union infantry, the Union 1st and 11th
Corps, could arrive. More Confederate reinforcements under generals A.P. Hill and Richard Ewell
eventually reached the scene, however, and the 30,000 Confederate soldiers ultimately defeated the
Union`s 20,000. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Confederates were wrapped around the Union position with 70,000 soldiers. On the afternoon of
July 2, 1863, Lee launched a heavy assault on the Union`s left flank, and the fierce fighting at the
areas of Devil's Den, Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, the Peach Orchard and Cemetery Ridge
began to rage . On the Union right, the severity of the attack intensified into full–scale assaults on
Culp's Hill as well as East Cemetery Hill. Although the Confederates had gained ground, the Union
still defended strong positions at the end of the

African American Civil War
Nearly 40,000 African Americans died in the American Civil War, and 30,000 of those deaths were
solely from infection and disease (African). Leading up to the time of the American Civil War, there
were 34 states and a number of territories in the United States. The American Civil War happened
between April 12, 1861 and May 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the North fighting to abolish
slavery in the U.S. The Northern states were driven by industry, while the southern states were
driven by slavery and farming. At this time roughly 30 million people were in the U.S and 10
percent of the people were slaves. The slaves were typically found in the south farming because the
US needed food and clothes. Even though importing slaves was made illegal ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The African Americans were used in non combat roles by the Confederate and Union armies
because extra men and women were needed for the jobs supporting the army when there wasn't
enough support. These jobs were feeding livestock and soldiers, providing and manufacturing
ammunition, and being nurses and doctors, and building and fortifying walls (African). The
livestock and soldiers ate and drank a lot and needed to be fed and have food prepared for them.
Ammunition was used profusely by soldiers, and it needed to be made and distributed rapidly, so
that the soldiers would not run out of ammunition. The soldiers got injured and killed very often and
usually hospitals were packed. The hospitals needed extra nurses and doctors because they could not
keep up with all of the death and injury. The Confederate Army used their slaves to build and fortify
walls. The Union army would hire African Americans and Whites to build and fortify walls. Both
armies used African Americans as messengers, and if a messenger was found by the other army, they
could lose very valuable information, and their life. Messengers were usually not used by the
Confederate army, because they were not trusted; The Confederates believed the slaves would run
off to the north with valuable information. In Conclusion, non combat roles played a big role in the
outcome of the civil war because the Union trusted the African Americans to do their

A Stillness at Appomattox Essay
A Stillness at Appomattox "All up and down the lines the men blinked at one another, unable to
realize that the hour they had waited for so long was actually at hand. There was a truce..." Bruce
Catton's Pulitzer prize winning book A Stillness at Appomattox chronicles the final year of the
American Civil War. This book taught me a lot more about the Civil War than I ever learned through
the public school system. Bruce Catton brought to life the real day to day life of the soldiers and the
generals who led them into battle.
The day to day life for the regular soldier was not glorious. Many times the regiments were low on
supplies such as food and clothing. They lived in the elements. Medical conditions were grotesque
During the battle a number of officers approached Grant at different times, fearful of Lee and his
battle prowess. Grant was angered by there cowardice and sent them back to their units to figure out
how they were going to beat Lee instead of spending time thinking about what Lee was going to do.
By the third day the troops could see that this army was not going to run in defeat. Grant was here to
stay and to win.
Grant focused not on capturing Richmond, but in destroying Lee's army. Grant found that Lee's
greatest weakness was his supply line from the Deep South. If Grant could stop the trains from
delivering supplies to Lee, then Lee would be forced to concede.
The campaign of 1864 was also plagued with some of the mis–management of the past. General
Butler could have take Petersburg without opposition and instead wandered around and was locked
up by a much smaller Confederate army at Bermuda Hundred. The Confederate works were strong
by contained few soldiers. The Confederate commander was General Beauregard.
General Smith for the Union wanted to attack but didn't and Generals Meade and Hancock was
never informed that a battle was to be fought. Hancock also didn't have rations and the map that he
was given

The First Battle of Bull Run Essay examples
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
BY COLLINS MCKAY
On July 21, 1861, two armies, one confederate and the other Union, prepared for the first major land
battle of the Civil War. In 1861 Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President.
The Southern states had seceded and the South had fired on and captured Fort Sumter on April 12
1861.
After the Fort Sumter battle, both the North and the South began preparing for war by raising
armies. This was done quickly and neither side spent much time training the troops. Both sides also
did not know what a long and terrible war was ahead.
The first Battle of Bull Run took place near Manassas Junction, Virginia, an important railroad
junction twenty five miles west of Washington, D.C. Bull Run ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
General McDonnell attempted to flank the Confederates by moving north and west, and began
several attacks on the Confederates right flank and the center of the Confederate line at Henry
House.
As the battle wore on, the superior numbers of the Union Army began to wear down the Confederate
lines. At a critical point, as the Confederates began to fall back, an officer pointed out a line of
rebels who were still strong. He said, "look at Jackson's men standing like a stone wall". He was
talking about General T. J. Jackson's men. Jackson would from then on be known as "Stonewall
Jackson", one of the most famous of all Confederate generals. This seemed to inspire the Southern
troops at Henry House who held their ground and began to beat back the Union forces.
On the west flank the Union troops who had been moving slowly were pushed back by General
Johnston's troops who arrived in the afternoon by railroad. Civilian spectators had come out from
Washington to watch the battle. They thought it would be like a sporting event. As the battle turned
against the North, they panicked and the one road back to Washington became clogged with
overturned carriages and wagons. The Union retreat had turned into panic by early evening.

In the end, the North had suffered 2,896 men killed wounded or missing; the South had lost 1,982.
The South had won the big victory in the first major

Emancipationawassone Of The American Civil War

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Emancipationawassone Of The American Civil War