1. Grammar 101
8 Parts of Speech

2. Learning Objective
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To recognise all 8 parts of speech

3. 4 Important Parts of Speech
1. Noun is the name for a person, place, thing
quality or act.
2. Verbs are actions or existing words that
tell what nouns do.
3. An adjective describes a noun
4. An adverb describes a verb, adjective or
adverb. It often ends in ‘-ly’.
Together, these 4 Parts of Speech are called
NAVA.

4. The other 4 Parts of Speech
5. A pronoun supports a noun or noun
phrase that is understood from context.
6. A preposition describes the position of a
noun in relation to another noun.
7. A conjunction joins together words,
phrases or clauses.
8. Interjection refers to an outcry or sudden
utterance. Usually starts a sentence.

5. Pronoun
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Pronoun = 'pro' + 'noun'
'pro' = supports, so a Pronoun supports a
noun.
You need not repeatedly refer to the
person, place or thing's name after it is
known.

6. Examples of Pronouns
Alex, Tom (N) - he, his, him (P)
Eg1: Jack stopped. He didn't move an inch
for fear of waking up the giant.
Alice, Tammy (N) - she, hers, her (P)
Eg2: Alice was surprised by the talking
rabbit. She thought she was in a dream.
dog, cat, tree, toy (N) - it (P)
Eg3: Alice was surprised by the talking
rabbit. It was even clothed like a human!

7. Preposition
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Preposition = 'pre' + 'position' :
'position' = 'place'
Preposition shows position of a noun
before another thing.
It can also show time.

8. Examples of Prepositions
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above, along, under, against, behind,
beside
Eg1: The eagle soared high above our
heads.
across, away, from, down, into, against
Eg2: The runner sprinted across the field
in a race against time.

9. Conjunction
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Conjunction = 'con' + 'junction'
'con' = 'connects', so a Conjunction
connects different junctions in a sentence.
You may use a few Conjunctions to
connect your sentences or none at all.
This will make your story more
interesting.

10. Examples of Conjunctions
FANBOYS
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BISAWAVE
Eg1: We work hard and smart so we can
excel in our examinations.
Eg2: It is not easy to scale the mountain as it
takes years of training but we can do it
together as a team.


11. Interjections
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Interjection = 'interject' + 'ion'
'interject' = 'interrupt', so an Interjection
interrupts a sentence.
This has a high level of emotion.
It comes usually at the start of a sentence

12. Example of Interjection
Awesome! Oh dear! Ouch! Heavens! My
goodness! Alas!
Eg1: Oh dear! I am sorry to hear that your
father is in hospital. Is he better now?


13. Learning Activity
• Say which part of speech the word or phrase
'round' belongs to.
As I round the corner of the building, I reflect
that our round world spins round and round
on its axis, at the same time, making a circle
round the sun that results in a round of the
seasons. O God, what a round world!

14. Learning Activity Answers
As I round the corner of the building, I reflect that our round
world spins round and round on its axis, at the same time,
making a circle round the sun that results in a round of the
seasons. O God, what a round world!
• I round – pronoun 'I' + verb
• round world – adjective
• spins round and round – adverb + conjunction 'and'
• circle round – preposition
• a round of the seasons – noun
• O God, what a round world! - interjection

15. Discussion
• What are Parts of Speech?
• What are the key Parts of Speech?
• Why do we need to know Parts of Speech?

16. In Summary
• Parts of Speech are jobs that words perform
in a sentence.
• The key Parts of Speech are NAVA.
• The rest are Pronoun, Conjunction,
Preposition and Interjection.
• Knowing Parts of Speech can help us
understand stories better and the rough
meanings of difficult words.