2. •Basic Life Support (BLS)
> It is a level of medical care
which is used for victims of
life-threatening illnesses or
injuries until they can be
given full medical care at a
hospital.
3. CPR
- is the single-most important
intervention for a patient in
cardiac arrest, and chest
compressions should be
provided promptly.
13. Check for Response
•Tap on the victim’s shoulder and ask, “Are
you alright?”
•If the victim responds, but is injured or
needs medical assistance
• Call for help
• Return and monitor victim
14. If there is no response, Call FOR
HELP
Get an AED
and return to the victim.
15. Pulse Check
•Lay rescuer will be
taught to assume that
cardiac arrest is
present if the
unresponsive victim is
not breathing
•Should take <10 sec.
for healthcare
providers
16. ⮚ If there is no
chest movement
and no pulse . . .
⮚ . . . do cardiac
compression.
17. Chest Compressions
•Rhythmic applications of pressure over the
lower half of the sternum
•Increases intra thoracic pressure
•Directly compresses the heart
•Delivers a small but critical amount of O2
and substrate to the brain and myocardium
18. Chest Compressions
•Place victim supine on a
hard surface
•Rescuer kneels beside
the victims thorax
•Place the heel of the
hand on the sternum in
the center of the chest,
between the nipples
20. Adult BLS Sequence:
Chest Compressions
•Technique
•Push hard at
least 2 (5cm)
•Allow complete
chest recoil
21. Chest Compressions
• Compressor role should be changed
every 2 minutes, taking <5 sec. to
switch
• Compression-ventilation ratio for adult
BLS: 30:2
25. Open the Airway & Check
Breathing
•Place the victim supine on a
hard surface
•If the victim is unresponsive,
roll the victim from the prone
to supine position
30. ⮚ Occasional gasps
may be confused
with adequate
breathing
⮚ Treat as if victim is
not breathing
31. Give Rescue Breaths
•2 rescue breaths if
patient is
unresponsive
•Deliver each
rescue breath over
1 second
32. Rescue Breathing W/O Chest
Compressions
For adult
•10 breaths per minute (1 breath every 6
sec.)
•Reassess the pulse approximately every 2
minutes, taking <10 sec.
33. Give Rescue Breaths
•Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce
visible chest rise (approximately 500-600
ml or 6-7 ml/kg)
•Avoid rapid or forceful breaths
• Increases intrathoracic pressure
• Causes gastric inflation
34. Mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing
•Open the victim’s
airway, pinch the
victim’s nose, create
an airtight mouth-to-
mouth seal
•Take a “regular”
(not deep) breath
37. Rescuers should
1. Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-
120/min
2. Compress to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm)
3. Allow full recoil after each compression
4. Minimize pauses in compressions
5. Ventilate adequately (2 breaths after 30
compressions, each breath delivered over 1
second, each causing chest rise)
38. Rescuers Should Not
1. Compress at a rate slower than 100/min or
faster than 120/min
2. Compress to a depth of less than 2 inches (5
cm) or greater than 2.4 inches (6 cm)
3. Lean on the chest between compressions
4. Interrupt compressions for greater than 10
seconds
5. Provide excessive ventilation (ie, too many
breaths or breaths with excessive force)
39.
40.
41. When to STOP CPR:
• SPONTANEOUS VENTILATION AND CIRCULATION ARE
DETECTED
• TRAINED PERSONNEL HAS ALREADY ARRIVED
• OPERATOR IS TOO EXHAUSTED
• PHYSICIAN HAS ANNOUNCED THAT THE PATIENT IS DEAD
42.
43.
44. • References:
• Academy of emergency science pdf file
• Hghlghts_2020_ECC_Guidelines_English.pdf