1. MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN GLASS INDUSTRY
ADVISED BY :- DR. ARVIND KUMAR GAUTAM
• KRISHNANAND KUSHWAHA
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES,
LOVELY PROFESIONAL UNIVERSITY,
JALANDHAR (PUNJAB)
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2. INTRODUCTION
Glass is the name given to all amorphous bodies that are
obtained by lowering the temperature of a melt independently of
its chemical composition and the temperature range of
solidification, which as a result of the gradual increase of viscosity
adopts the mechanical properties of a solid body.
Glass is melted at a temperature between 1000 and 2000° C.
The microscopic structure of glass is comparable to that of a
liquid in which the individual constituents form an irregular
network without a long range order. Glass is also the name given
to a cooled melt.
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3. RAW MATERIALS FOR GLASS PRODUCTION
The raw material in manufacture of glass may be
selected from the following.
Sand, soda ash, calcium oxide, fled spar, borax,
magnesia, zinc, alumina, lead oxide, manganese
oxide, selenium metal, broken glass, fluxes,
coloring agent, reducing agent, oxidizing agent
etc.
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5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The manufacturing process of glass consisting of
the following four steps
Melting the charge
Fabrication of the article
Annealing the article formed
Finishing treatments
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6. MELTING OF THE CHARGE
Amount of raw materials for the batch are calculated from
the chemical composition of individual components.
the batch mixer which is a revolving drum provided with
blades to lift and spread the material uniformly. After proper
mixing of ingredient it is charged into the furnace.
Where all the raw materials melts to liquid state.
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7. FABRICATION OF AN ARTICLE
Blowing
Casting
Drawing
Pressing
Rolling
Spinning
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8. ANNEALING THE ARTICLE FORMED
Glass articles, after being manufactured, are to be cooled
down slowly and gradually. This process of slow and
homogeneous cooling of glass articles is known as
annealing of glass.
Following are the methods of annealing
Flue Treatment
Oven treatment
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