Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as culturing animals for mass production and controlling or eradicating animals that harm people. Protozoa are microscopic single-celled organisms that can infect humans and cause diseases like malaria, giardia, and toxoplasmosis. Some protozoa classes include sporozoa, flagellates, amoeba, and ciliates. Trypanosoma are parasitic flagellates that cause sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in humans through transmission via insect vectors like tsetse flies and reduviid bugs.

1. ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY
BY: KOMAL GUL

2. Economic Zoology
 Economic zoology deals with the application of zoological knowledge for
the benefit of mankind.
 It includes culturing animals for mass production for human use and to
control or eradicate animals that are injurious to man directly or indirectly.
Father of
Zoology
Aristotle

3.  Protozoa are microscopic, single-celled organisms.
 Protozoa can multiply in humans and transmit from one person to another.
 They can cause parasitic infectious diseases like malaria, giardia, and
toxoplasmosis.
 Protozoa are a group of 65,000 (or possibly more) single-cell organisms.
 Most humans will "host" a protozoa in or on their body at some point in
their life.
 While not all protozoans found in the environment are dangerous, some
cause diseases like malaria and giardia, both of which can lead to diarrhea.
PARASITIC PROTOZOANS & HUMAN DISEASE

4. The word protozoa comes from the Greek word protos, "first," and zoia, which meant
"animal.
Protozoa word coined in 1800.

5. Infections caused by protozoa can spread through
 Ingesting cysts (the dormant life stage)
 Sexual transmission
 Insect vectors (insects that transmit diseases through bites or stings).
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Can protozoans make humans sick?
 Protozoa make humans sick when they become human parasites.
 Trypanosoma protozoa cause Chagas disease and sleeping sickness.
 Giardia protozoa cause giardiasis, and Plasmodium protozoa cause malaria.

6. Sporozoa (intracellular
parasites)
Flagellates (with tail-like
structures that flap around to
move them)
Amoeba (which move using
temporary cell body
projections
called pseudopods)
Ciliates (which move by
beating multiple hair-like
structures called cilia)
Protozoa different classes:

7. Trypanosoma
 Trypanosoma is a group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa.
 Greek trypano- (borer) and soma (body)
 Corkscrew-like motion. Heteroxenous (requiring more than one obligatory host
to complete life cycle) and most are transmitted via a vector.
 The majority of species are transmitted by blood-feeding invertebrates, but there
are different mechanisms Trypanosoma equiperdum, are spread by direct
contact.
 In an invertebrate host they are found in the intestine, but normally occupy
the bloodstream or an intracellular environment in the vertebrate host.
 Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including
 Fatal human diseases
I. Sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei,
II. Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

10. CAUSATIVE AGENTS:
African sleeping sickness Chagas disease (South America)
T. gambiense
T. Rhodiense
• Vector: Tsetse fly
T. cruzii
• Vector: Reduviid bug
TRANSMISSION:
 T. gambiense & T. Rhodiense: migrate to mouth part of vector so that infection
is transmitted by their bite.
 T. cruzi: migrate to hind and are passed in faeces.

11. T. cruzi
Sites commonly affected:
 Myocardium (conductive defects),
 Skeletal muscle,
 Neuroglial cells,
 Autonomic nerve cells.

12. Clinical feature of Trypanosomoiasis
Acute Chronic
Intermediate fever Increasing headache
Chills Mental dullness
Headache Apathy
Lymphadenopathy Sleepiness
Diagnosis
Demonstration of Trypanosoma in blood or tissues
 Serology
 Xenodiagnoses

13. THANK YOU
ANY QUESTION?