It is about the parasites which can harm our health

1. Arthropods as vector & as a
Parasite (lice, bed bug, fleas,
stables flies)

2.  Presented By:
 Mazhar Hussain
 Abidullah
 Shahzad Ahmad
 Mukhtiyar Ahmad
 Nazia Bashar
 Presented to: Dr.Imad

3. ARTRHOPODES as vector & as a
parasite (lice,bed bug,fleas,stable
fleas)

4. Arthropods as ectoparasites
 Arthropods :
ARTHROPODES
The important characteristics of arthropoda include:
•They possess an exoskeleton.
•They have jointed appendages.
•Their body is segmented.
•They are bilaterally symmetrical.
•They possess an open circulatory system.

5.  Arthropods are divided into four major groups:
 insects;
 myriapods (including centipedes and millipedes);
 arachnids (including spiders, mites and scorpions);
 crustaceans (including slaters, prawn and crabs).
 Vector: A living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an
infected animal to a human or another animal.

6. Parasite :An organism living in or on, and metabolically depending on, another
(host)organism.
Endoparasites live inside an organism, and
ectoparasites live on the surface of the host.
Diseases caused by ectoparasitic arthropods are called “epizoonoses.” Medically most
important ectoparasitic arthropods are insects and arachnids. Permanent ectoparasites
living on or in the skin can be distinguished from temporary ectoparasites, staying on
the skin just to take a blood meal.

7. Lice and lice-borne diseases
 Only one type of human louse is a vector of disease agents, the body louse Pediculus
humanus. It is a vector of three species of bacteria that cause three different diseases in
humans: epidemic typhus fever, epidemic relapsing fever, and trench fever.
 Three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse:
 1) Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus of which the most recent
outbreak (and the largest since World War II) was observed during the civil war in
Burundi.
 2) Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever, historically responsible of massive
outbreaks in Eurasia and Africa, which prevails currently in Ethiopia and neighboring
countries.
 3) Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, chronic
bacteremia, endocarditis, and lymphadenopathy.

8. Bed bugs
 Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are small, flat, parasitic insects that feed solely on the
blood of people and animals while they sleep. Bed bugs are reddish-brown in
color, wingless, range from 1mm to 7mm (roughly the size of Lincoln’s head on a
penny), and can live several months without a blood meal.
 Recent studies reported that bed bugs may act as competent vectors for
pathogens, such as Bartonella quintana and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causes of
trench fever and Chagas disease, respectively.

9. Fleas
 Fleas are mainly the vectors of bacteria. Historically, the most important bacterial agent which is
transmitted by fleas is the plague bacterium, Yersinia (Y.) pestis.
 Fleas are ectoparasitic blood-sucking insects with the ability to jump, which commonly infest wild
and domestic animals (mainly dogs and cats) but also humans. In addition to serious
dermatological conditions mainly related to allergic reactions, fleas can be vectors for various
pathogen.
 All fleas belong to the order Siphonaptera, which includes around 2 500 species. Only two families
include species of medical and veterinary importance: Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae. The most
important species found on domestic animals and/or humans are: C. felis (cats, dogs, on rare
occasions also other domestic hosts and humans), Ctenocephalides canis (dogs, on rare occasions
also other domestic hosts and humans), P. irritans (most domestic animals and humans) (Figure 1),
X. cheopis (rats and humans) (Figure 2), S. cuniculi (rabbits), Echidnophaga gallinacea (chicken,
dogs, humans), Ceratophyllus gallinae (chicken, on rare occasions also cats and human), T.
penetrans (humans, pigs, dogs, cattle)

10. Human flea

11. Stable flies
 Stable flies can disseminate microorganisms to many places and materials,
including food for animals. They have the ability to be a mechanical vector for
pathogens due to their feeding habits, as well as their great flying capacity, which
may be up to 29 km in 24 h according to laboratory flight mill studies.
 Stable flies feed on the blood of animals and are therefore potential vectors of
blood-borne zoonotic diseases. Their ability to transmit the pathogens that cause
diseases such as anthrax, equine infectious anemia (EIA), and anaplasmosis to
animals has been documented.

12. THANK YOU