this creation gives some ideas on how an ultra sound scan works

1. ULTRASOUND
 PRESENTED BY;
 ANDREW &BYLON

2. An ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to make pictures of organs, tissues, and other structures
inside your body

3. COMMON FAULTS OF ULTRASOUND
 No Image or Blank Screen:
 Cause: Power supply problems, equipment malfunction, or incorrect
settings.
 - Troubleshoot: Verify power connections, restart the machine, check
transducer connections, and ensure correct settings (e.g., mode, depth,
gain).

4. CONT..
 Poor Image Quality (e.g., Fuzzy or Blurry):
 Cause: Incorrect probe selection, insufficient gel, air bubbles, or patient
movement.
 Troubleshoot: Choose the appropriate probe, apply more gel, remove air
bubbles, and instruct the patient to remain still.



5. CONT..
 Loss of Signal During Exam:
 - Cause: Transducer displacement or disconnection.
 - Troubleshoot: Reposition and secure the transducer, check cable
connections, and restart the exam.
 Inaccurate Measurements:
 - Cause: Incorrect calibration, angle dependency, or improper technique.
 - Troubleshoot: Calibrate the machine regularly, measure structures from
multiple angles, and follow proper measurement techniques.

6. CONT…
 Overly Bright or Dark Areas (Saturation or Shadowing):
 - Cause: Incorrect gain settings, inadequate acoustic coupling, or strong
reflectors.
 - Troubleshoot: Adjust gain settings, use more gel for better coupling, and
change the scanning angle to minimize shadowing

7. Working principle of ultra sound scan

8.  Ultrasound waves are produced by a transducer, which can both emit ultrasound waves, as well as detect the
ultrasound echoes reflected back.
 ultrasound transducers are made of special ceramic crystal materials called piezoelectric.
 These materials are able to produce sound waves when an electric field is applied to them and can also
producing an electric field when a sound wave hits them.
 When used in an ultrasound scanner, the transducer sends out a beam of sound waves into the body.

9. Cont..
 The sound waves are reflected back to the transducer by boundaries between
tissues in the path of the beam (e.g. the boundary between fluid and soft
tissue or tissue and bone).
 When these echoes hit the transducer, they generate electrical signals that
are sent to the ultrasound scanner.
 Using the speed of sound and the time of each echo’s return, the scanner
calculates the distance from the transducer to the tissue boundary.
 These distances are then used to generate two-dimensional images of tissues
and organs.